Background
With the development of society, the demand of various energy sources (electricity, heat, water and gas) in production and life becomes larger and larger. Energy companies have placed a more intelligent need for energy metering devices in order to be able to collect, analyze and manage data uploaded from the metering devices in real time. In order to meet the requirements, the energy metering device is added with a plurality of additional functions according to the needs, such as an electronic metering function (ultrasonic metering, thermal metering and the like), a remote communication function (GPRS, NB-IOT and the like), a local communication function (infrared, RS485 and the like), a valve control function, a data storage function (EEPROM, FRAM) and the like. The power consumption generated by these functions when they are turned on is very large for the battery-powered metering device, and the service life of the battery-powered metering device cannot be met unless the power consumption reduction process is performed in a limited time or even disabled manner according to the battery state (remaining capacity or battery voltage). Therefore, it becomes important to be able to quickly calibrate the remaining battery capacity and perform corresponding power consumption reduction processing according to the battery capacity.
At present, the calibration mode of lithium battery electric quantity has two kinds:
the first method is to periodically sample the voltage value after the parallel connection of the lithium battery and the super capacitor, and when the voltage value is lower than a specified threshold, the residual electric quantity of the battery is considered to be lower than a certain threshold. In the method, due to the influence of discharge of the super capacitor, the sampled voltage value is not the voltage value of the actual lithium battery, so that the determination has hysteresis, and the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery cannot be calibrated quickly, so that the starting of a power consumption reduction processing mechanism is delayed, and the service life of the lithium battery cannot be ensured finally.
The second method is to calculate the remaining power of the battery according to a power reduction model, that is, to calculate the average power consumption of each function in the metering device during normal operation in advance, and then to count and reduce the power according to the actual number of times of use or the time of use of each function. This approach is based on the power deduction reference model, and does not consider scenes of various combinations (different environmental temperatures, self-discharge characteristics of the lithium battery, retry mechanisms of business function operation failures, etc.), so as the battery usage time increases, the difference between the actual remaining power and the model-calculated remaining power becomes larger and larger. If the model is deducted too fast, the power consumption reduction processing mechanism can be started in advance, and the normal use of the service function of the metering equipment is influenced; if the model subtraction is too slow, the same problems as the first detection method will occur.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a circuit for demarcating lithium cell residual capacity fast is in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts is:
the utility model provides a circuit for mark lithium cell surplus electric quantity fast for adopt the system of lithium cell and super capacitor power supply, including main control chip and the power supply switching circuit who is connected with main control chip, gather lithium cell voltage's first voltage sampling circuit and gather lithium cell and super capacitor combined voltage's second voltage sampling circuit, power supply switching circuit is connected with lithium cell, super capacitor, main control chip electricity respectively, first voltage sampling circuit connects lithium cell, main control chip's first sampling control end and first sampling output respectively, super capacitor, main control chip's second sampling control end and second sampling output are connected respectively to second voltage sampling circuit.
Preferably, the power supply switching circuit comprises an output interface P1, a P-channel field effect transistor Q5 and a P-channel field effect transistor Q6, the gate of the P-channel field effect transistor Q5 and the gate of the P-channel field effect transistor Q6 are both connected with the power supply switching control end of the main control chip through a resistor R20, the drain of the P-channel field effect transistor Q5 is connected with a lithium battery, the drain of the P-channel field effect transistor Q6 is connected with a super capacitor through a resistor R15, three ports of the output interface P1 are respectively connected with a lithium battery, a power supply end of the super capacitor and a ground end, a capacitor C4 and a capacitor C5 are connected between the lithium battery and the ground end in parallel, a capacitor C13 is connected between the super capacitor and the ground end, and a capacitor C15.
Preferably, the first voltage sampling circuit comprises a triode Q2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R8, a base of the triode Q2 is connected with a first sampling control end of the main control chip through a resistor R6, an emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the lithium battery, a collector of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with one end of a resistor R8 and a first sampling output end of the main control chip, the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded, and the first sampling output end of the main control chip is grounded through a capacitor C10;
preferably, the first voltage sampling circuit comprises a resistor R3 and a resistor R8, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the lithium battery, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to one end of a resistor R8 and the first sampling output end of the main control chip, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the first sampling control end of the main control chip, and a capacitor C10 is connected between the first sampling output end and the first sampling control end of the main control chip.
Preferably, the first voltage sampling circuit includes a transistor Q2, a resistor R3, and a resistor R8, a base of the transistor Q2 is connected to the first sampling control terminal of the main control chip through a resistor R6, an emitter of the transistor Q2 is grounded, a collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and the first sampling output terminal of the main control chip, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the lithium battery, and the first sampling output terminal of the main control chip is grounded through a capacitor C10.
Preferably, the second voltage sampling circuit comprises a triode Q7, a resistor R16 and a resistor R22, the base of the triode Q7 is connected with the second sampling control end of the main control chip through a resistor R12, the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with a super capacitor, the collector of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with one end of a resistor R22 and the second sampling output end of the main control chip, the other end of the resistor R22 is grounded, and the second sampling output end of the main control chip is grounded through a capacitor C18.
Preferably, the second voltage sampling circuit includes a resistor R16 and a resistor R22, one end of the resistor R16 is connected to the second power supply terminal, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected to one end of the resistor R22 and the second sampling output terminal of the main control chip, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to the second sampling control terminal of the main control chip, and a capacitor C18 is connected between the second sampling output terminal and the second sampling control terminal of the main control chip.
Preferably, the second voltage sampling circuit includes a transistor Q7, a resistor R16, and a resistor R22, a base of the transistor Q7 is connected to the second sampling control terminal of the main control chip through a resistor R6, an emitter of the transistor Q7 is grounded, a collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to one end of the resistor R22, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to one end of the resistor R16 and the second sampling output terminal of the main control chip, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected to a super capacitor, and the second sampling output terminal of the main control chip is grounded through a capacitor C18.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1. the utility model can be controlled by the main control chip to switch the combined power supply of the lithium battery and the super capacitor or the independent power supply of the lithium battery, sample the actual voltage of the lithium battery, quickly calibrate the residual capacity of the lithium battery, and further decide whether to start a power consumption reduction processing mechanism or not, thereby achieving the purpose of ensuring the service life of the battery;
2. the utility model can keep the combined voltage of the power supply and sampling of the lithium battery and the super capacitor when the system is in the high-power working mode, and avoid the problem that the service life of the lithium battery cannot be met due to the lagging of the electric quantity calibration; the system can be switched to the lithium battery to supply power independently and sample the voltage of the lithium battery when in a non-high-power working mode, the voltage of the lithium battery is directly collected, the actual discharge voltage and power consumption of the lithium battery can be reflected, the service life is accurately judged, and the problem that the normal use of the whole metering equipment is influenced due to the fact that a power consumption reduction processing mechanism is started too early is avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. However, these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodical, or functional changes that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on these embodiments are all included in the scope of the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in figure 1, the circuit for quickly calibrating the remaining capacity of the lithium battery comprises a main control chip 1, a power supply switching circuit 2 connected with the main control chip 1, a first voltage sampling circuit 3 for collecting the voltage of the lithium battery, and a second voltage sampling circuit 4 for collecting the combined voltage of the lithium battery and a super capacitor, wherein the power supply switching circuit 2 is respectively and electrically connected with a lithium battery power supply end (BAT _ PWR), a super capacitor power supply end (SPC), and a power supply switching control end (MCU-SPC-PWR-CTL) of the main control chip 1, the first voltage sampling circuit 3 is respectively connected with the lithium battery, the first sampling control end (MCU-LI-PWR-AD-CTL) and the first sampling output end (MCU-LI-PWR-AD) of the main control chip 1, and the second voltage sampling circuit 4 is respectively connected with the super capacitor, And the second sampling control end (MCU-SPC-PWR-AD-CTL) and the second sampling output end (MCU-SPC-PWR-AD) of the main control chip 1. The utility model discloses can be used to adopt the system of lithium cell and super capacitor power supply, for example metering equipment system.
The main control chip 1 switches the power supply switching circuit 2 to supply power to the lithium battery in a high-power mode, and samples the actual voltage value of the lithium battery in the high-power working mode through the first voltage sampling circuit 3; the main control chip 1 switches the power supply switching circuit 2 to a lithium battery and super capacitor combined power supply in a non-high-power mode, and samples actual voltage values of the lithium battery and the super capacitor in a high-power working mode through the second voltage sampling circuit 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the power supply switching circuit 2 includes an output interface P1, a P-channel fet Q5, and a P-channel fet Q6, a gate of the P-channel fet Q5 and a gate of the P-channel fet Q6 are both connected to the power supply switching control terminal of the main control chip 1 through a resistor R20, a drain of the P-channel fet Q5 is connected to the lithium battery, a drain of the P-channel fet Q6 is connected to the super capacitor through a resistor R15, three ports of the output interface P1 are respectively connected to the lithium battery, the super capacitor, and the ground terminal, a capacitor C4 and a capacitor C5 are connected in parallel between the lithium battery and the ground terminal, a capacitor C13 is connected between the super capacitor and the ground terminal, and a capacitor C15 is connected between the power supply switching control terminal of the lithium.
About first voltage sampling circuit 3, the utility model discloses an implementation, as shown in fig. 3, first voltage sampling circuit 3 includes triode Q2, resistance R3 and resistance R8, triode Q2's base passes through resistance R6 and connects the first sampling control end of main control chip 1, and the lithium cell is connected to triode Q2's projecting pole, triode Q2's collecting electrode connecting resistance R3's one end, resistance R3's other end connecting resistance R8's one end, the first sampling output of main control chip 1, resistance R8's other end ground connection, main control chip 1's first sampling output passes through electric capacity C10 ground connection.
About first voltage sampling circuit 3, the utility model discloses a another kind of implementation, as shown in fig. 4, first voltage sampling circuit 3 includes resistance R3 and resistance R8, the lithium cell is connected to resistance R3's one end, resistance R3's other end connecting resistance R8's one end, main control chip 1's first sampling output end, and main control chip 1's first sampling control end is connected to resistance R8's the other end, is connected with electric capacity C10 between main control chip 1's first sampling output end and the first sampling control end.
Regarding the first voltage sampling circuit 3, the utility model discloses a still another implementation, as shown in fig. 5, first voltage sampling circuit 3 includes triode Q2, resistance R3 and resistance R8, the first sampling control end of main control chip 1 is connected through resistance R6 to triode Q2's base, triode Q2's projecting pole ground connection, triode Q2's collecting electrode connecting resistance R8's one end, resistance R8's other end connecting resistance R3's one end, the first sampling output of main control chip 1, the lithium cell is connected to resistance R3's the other end, the first sampling output of main control chip 1 passes through electric capacity C10 ground connection.
About second voltage sampling circuit 4, the utility model discloses an implementation, as shown in fig. 6, second voltage sampling circuit 4 includes triode Q7, resistance R16 and resistance R22, triode Q7's base passes through resistance R12 and connects main control chip 1's second sampling control end, and super capacitor is connected to triode Q7's projecting pole, triode Q7's collecting electrode connecting resistance R16's one end, resistance R16's other end connecting resistance R22's one end, main control chip 1's second sampling output, resistance R22's other end ground connection, main control chip 1's second sampling output passes through electric capacity C18 ground connection.
About second voltage sampling circuit 4, the utility model discloses a another kind of implementation, as shown in fig. 7, second voltage sampling circuit 4 includes resistance R16 and resistance R22, super capacitor is connected to resistance R16's one end, and resistance R16's other end connecting resistance R22's one end, main control chip 1's second sampling output end, main control chip 1's second sampling control end is connected to resistance R22's the other end, is connected with electric capacity C18 between main control chip 1's second sampling output end and the second sampling control end.
Regarding the second voltage sampling circuit 4, the utility model discloses a further implementation, as shown in fig. 8, second voltage sampling circuit 4 includes triode Q7, resistance R16 and resistance R22, triode Q7's base passes through resistance R6 and connects the second sampling control end of main control chip 1, triode Q7's projecting pole ground connection, triode Q7's collecting electrode connecting resistance R22's one end, resistance R22's other end connecting resistance R16's one end, main control chip 1's second sampling output end, super capacitor is connected to resistance R16's the other end, main control chip 1's second sampling output end passes through electric capacity C18 ground connection.
The first voltage sampling circuit 3 in the three forms and the second voltage sampling circuit 4 in the three forms can be randomly selected, combined and matched, and both the selection and the control of the main control chip 1 on the sampling circuits in the high-power mode and the non-high-power mode can be realized, so that the power supply voltage value in the current state can be detected quickly and in real time.
The switching of a system power supply mode (lithium battery power supply or lithium battery + super capacitor power supply) and the on/off of a voltage sampling circuit are controlled by a main control chip 1; when the power supply voltage is not sampled, the whole system supplies power in a lithium battery + super capacitor mode. Meanwhile, in order to reduce power consumption, the power supplies of the two voltage sampling circuits of the lithium battery and the super capacitor are both in a closed state.
When the sampling period of the power supply voltage arrives, the system is switched to a corresponding system power supply mode according to the current working mode (non-high-power/high-power mode). Under a non-high-power working mode, the main control chip 1 switches the power supply switching circuit 2 into a lithium battery power supply, and a power supply of a first voltage sampling circuit 3 which only collects the voltage of the lithium battery is turned on; under the high-power working mode, the main control chip 1 keeps the combined power supply of the lithium battery and the super capacitor, and a power supply of a second voltage sampling circuit 4 for collecting the combined voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor is turned on.
Under the non-high-power working mode, the main control chip switches the power supply switching circuit to the lithium battery for power supply, the first voltage sampling circuit 3 samples the voltage of the lithium battery, and the actual voltage value V under the non-high-power working mode is obtained through AD conversionsmplAnd after sampling is finished, the lithium battery and the super capacitor can be switched back to supply power in a combined manner.
Due to the influence of discharge of the super capacitor, the sampled voltage value is not the voltage value of the actual lithium battery, so that the determination has hysteresis, and the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery cannot be calibrated quickly, so that the starting of the power consumption reduction processing mechanism is delayed. Therefore, in a non-high-power working mode, namely, the on-off operation of a valve, the operation of a high-power component such as a remote communication module and the like are not executed any more, the power supply mode of the main control chip 1 is switched from the original power supply mode of a lithium battery and a super capacitor to the power supply mode of the lithium battery, and one path of sampling circuit only sampling the voltage of the lithium battery is started under the control of the main control chip 1 and is used for sampling the voltage of the metering equipment in the non-high-power working mode.
According to the wake-up current I of the system
wake(generally 1mA), the total resistance R of the first
voltage sampling circuit 3 can be obtained by formula calculation
smpl:
Wherein U is
nIs the nominal voltage of the lithium battery. Thus, in the non-high power mode of operation, by adjusting R
smplThe voltage sampling method can ensure that the whole system works under the Idis constant-current load during voltage sampling, and ensure that the whole system is under I
disAnd sampling the voltage of the lithium battery under a constant current load.
If the system is in a high-power working mode, the power supply mode of the system does not need to be switched, and the system can still be kept in the power supply mode of combined power supply of the lithium battery and the super capacitor. At this moment, the second voltage sampling circuit 4 is opened under the control of the main control chip 1 to perform voltage sampling, so as to obtain the actual voltage value of the combination of the lithium battery and the super capacitor, and further determine the remaining electric quantity of the lithium battery.
The utility model discloses when being used for maring lithium cell residual capacity fast, can acquire the battery output voltage threshold value V that lithium cell electric quantity remains 10% and correspond from lithium cell constant current discharge characteristic curve according to the specification of lithium cellcap10%Sampling the two operating modes to obtain the actual voltage value VsmplVoltage threshold V corresponding to 10% of remaining chargecap10%Performing comparison, if Vsmpl<Vcap10%If the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery is lower than 10%, a power consumption reduction processing mechanism is started, and a system where the lithium battery is located enters a low-power-consumption working state without high-power operation behaviors, so that the service life of the lithium battery is ensured. Here, the low power consumption operation state in which the high power operation behavior is not performed includes, but is not limited to: no remote communication, no opening and closing operation of the valve, etc.
The utility model discloses according to the constant current discharge characteristic that lithium cell nominal capacity corresponds, through sampling lithium battery voltage, alright mark the residual capacity of lithium cell fast, and then whether the decision launches the power consumption processing mechanism that falls, reaches the purpose of the service life of guaranteeing the battery.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.