CN211656023U - Single-stage AC-DC converter with current isolation - Google Patents
Single-stage AC-DC converter with current isolation Download PDFInfo
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- CN211656023U CN211656023U CN202020677073.5U CN202020677073U CN211656023U CN 211656023 U CN211656023 U CN 211656023U CN 202020677073 U CN202020677073 U CN 202020677073U CN 211656023 U CN211656023 U CN 211656023U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of power electronic soft switches, and discloses a single-stage AC-DC converter with current isolation, which comprises an AC-DC conversion unit and a DC-DC conversion unit; the AC-DC conversion unit comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, a first capacitor and a second capacitor; the input end of the DC-DC conversion unit is connected with the connecting line of the first power switch tube and the third power switch tube and the connecting line of the second power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube, and the output end of the DC-DC conversion unit is used for connecting a load. The power conversion and current isolation device is simple in design, has no bridge, only has four power switching tubes in a topological structure and is used for power conversion and current isolation, compared with the existing single-stage AC-DC converter, the number of the power switching tubes is obviously reduced, higher conversion efficiency can be generated, the peak current stress of components is small, the power conversion and current isolation device can be operated close to a unit input power factor, the control is simple, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of power electronics soft switch, a single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation is related to.
Background
Three-phase AC-DC converters with galvanic isolation are widely used in industrial applications, the harmonic content of these converters being limited by regulatory agency harmonic standards, and therefore the converters are implemented with some form of input power factor correction. The traditional converter is a two-stage converter, the input of the converter is a three-phase AC-DC stage, and the input of the converter is connected with a DC-DC stage comprising an isolation transformer; however, two-stage converters require a large number of switches and are therefore expensive and bulky.
The researchers have proposed simpler, lighter and cheaper single-stage AC-DC converters that can convert three-phase alternating voltages into isolated direct voltages, these converters using only one converter to perform both three-phase AC-DC conversion and DC-DC conversion: such as a three-phase two-switch ZVS PFC DCM boost converter, the input section of such a converter is not controlled, so the input current is discontinuous and the current peaks are very high. As another example of a three-level integrated AC-DC converter, but with an input diode bridge inside the converter, the conduction losses of a high power converter increase when there is more current in the converter. There is also a resonant converter, but it works in a way of combining variable switching frequency control and pulse width modulation, so it is necessary to use a complex, non-standard converter-specific control method to operate the converter, which is difficult to implement.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention is directed to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, such as large number of switches, high current stress, high control complexity, and discontinuous input current, and provides a single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
a single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation comprises an AC-DC conversion unit and a DC-DC conversion unit; the AC-DC conversion unit comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, a first capacitor and a second capacitor; the source electrode of the first power switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the third power switch tube, and the drain electrode of the first power switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second power switch tube; the source electrode of the second power switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth power switch tube; the source electrode of the third power switch tube is connected with the source electrode of the fourth power switch tube; one end of the first capacitor is connected with the drain electrode of the first power switch tube and the drain electrode of the second power switch tube, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second capacitor; the other end of the second capacitor is connected with a source electrode of the third power switch tube and a source electrode of the fourth power switch tube; one end of the first inductor, one end of the second inductor and one end of the third inductor are respectively used for connecting a three-phase input power supply, the other end of the first inductor is connected with a connecting wire of the first power switch tube and a connecting wire of the third power switch tube, the other end of the second inductor is connected with a connecting wire of the second power switch tube and a connecting wire of the fourth power switch tube, and the other end of the third inductor is connected with a connecting wire of the first capacitor and the second capacitor; the input end of the DC-DC conversion unit is connected with the connecting line of the first power switch tube and the third power switch tube and the connecting line of the second power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube, and the output end of the DC-DC conversion unit is used for connecting a load.
The utility model discloses further improvement lies in:
the DC-DC conversion unit is an FB-ZVS-PWM converter.
The DC-DC conversion unit comprises a blocking capacitor, a leakage inductance, an isolation transformer, a first diode and a second diode; one end of the blocking capacitor is connected with a connecting line of the first power switch tube and the third power switch tube, the other end of the blocking capacitor is connected with one end of the primary side of the isolation transformer through leakage inductance, and the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with a connecting line of the second power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube; the secondary side of the isolation transformer is provided with a first tap, a second tap and a third tap, the second tap is positioned between the first tap and the third tap, the first tap is connected with the anode of the first diode, and the second tap is connected with the anode of the second diode; when in use state: one end of the load is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, and the other end of the load is connected with the second tap.
The DC-DC conversion unit further comprises a filter inductor and a filter capacitor; one end of the filter capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode through the filter inductor, and the other end of the filter capacitor is connected with a second tap; when in use state: the load is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor.
The AC-DC conversion unit further comprises a first auxiliary capacitor, a second auxiliary capacitor, a third auxiliary capacitor and a fourth auxiliary capacitor; the first auxiliary capacitor, the second auxiliary capacitor, the third auxiliary capacitor and the fourth auxiliary capacitor are respectively connected with the first power switch tube, the second power switch tube, the third power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube in parallel one by one.
The first freewheeling diode, the second freewheeling diode, the third freewheeling diode and the fourth freewheeling diode are connected with the first power switch tube, the second power switch tube, the third power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube in an anti-parallel mode respectively.
The first power switch tube, the second power switch tube, the third power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube are all MOSFET tubes.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
a single-stage AC-DC converter is formed by arranging an AC-DC conversion unit and a DC-DC conversion unit, wherein the AC-DC conversion unit is a four-switch three-phase AC-DC converter and consists of three input inductors, a four-switch three-phase rectifier with four power switch tubes and a capacitor, and the four-switch three-phase rectifier is used for performing power factor correction, absorbing required active power from a power grid, supplying power to a load and storing the power in two capacitors on an intermediate direct current bus. Meanwhile, only four power switching tubes in the AC-DC converter topological structure are used for power conversion and current isolation, the design is simple, and no bridge arm is designed, so that compared with the existing single-stage AC-DC converter, the number of the power switching tubes is obviously reduced, higher conversion efficiency can be generated, and the cost is reduced; after the three-phase six-switch converter is converted into the three-phase four-switch converter, when the switching signals are generated, only the phase relation between gating signals of two legs needs to be changed, and the pulse width modulation mode does not need to be changed, so that the control can be realized by adopting any control method used in a standard three-phase six-switch voltage source converter, and the control is easier; meanwhile, the input current of the single-stage AC-DC converter is continuous, so that the peak current stress of components is not too large, and the single-stage AC-DC converter is safer and more reliable in use and wider in application range.
Furthermore, a filter inductor and a filter capacitor are arranged, so that an unnecessary alternating current part in the voltage can be filtered out, and the output direct current voltage is smoother.
Furthermore, four auxiliary capacitors are arranged and are respectively connected with the four power switch tubes in parallel one by one, so that the voltage of the power switch tubes cannot suddenly reach the output voltage, and the turn-off loss is reduced.
Furthermore, each power switch tube is connected with a freewheeling diode in an anti-parallel mode, and when the freewheeling diode is conducted before the power switch tube is turned on, the power switch tube works under the ZVS condition, so that the switching loss is effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a single-stage AC-DC converter according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 1 st operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 2 nd operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 3 rd operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 4 th operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 5 th operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 6 th operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 7 th operation mode of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the 8 th operation mode of the present invention.
Wherein: e.g. of the typea、ebAnd ecA three-phase input power supply; l is an inductor; s1-S4Is a power switch tube; c1And C2Is a capacitor; cbIs a blocking capacitor; l is1kIs leakage inductance; d1And D2Is a diode; l isoIs a filter inductor; coIs a filter capacitor; rLIs a load.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation of the present invention includes an AC-DC conversion unit 1 and a DC-DC conversion unit 2.
The AC-DC conversion unit 1 comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first power switch tube S1A second power switch tube S2The third power switch tube S3The fourth power switch tube S4A first capacitor C1And a second capacitor C2(ii) a First power switch tube S1Is connected with a third power switch tube S3The drain electrode of the first power switch tube is connected with the first power switch tube S2A drain electrode of (1); second power switch tube S2Is connected with a fourth power switch tube S4A drain electrode of (1); third power switch tube S3Is connected with a fourth power switch tube S4A source electrode of (a); a first capacitor C1One end of the first power switch tube S is connected with the first power switch tube S1And a second power switch tube S2The other end of the drain electrode is connected with a second capacitor C2One end of (a); second capacitor C2The other end of the first power switch tube is connected with a third power switch tube S3Source electrode of and fourth power switch tube S4A source electrode of (a); one end of the first inductor, one end of the second inductor and one end of the third inductor are respectively used for connecting a three-phase input power supply ea、ebAnd ecThe other end of the first inductor is connected with a first power switch tube S1And a third power switch tube S3The other end of the second inductor is connected with a second power switch tube S2And a fourth power switch tube S4The other end of the third inductor is connected with the first capacitor C1And a second capacitor C2The connecting line of (1); input end of DC-DC conversion unit 2 and first power switch tube S1And a third power switch tube S3And a second power switch tube S2The output end of the fourth power switch tube 4 is connected with a load RL。
Wherein, the first power switch tube S1A second power switch tube S2The third power switch tube S3And a fourth power switch tube S4Are all MOSFET tubes.
The DC-DC conversion unit 2 is an FB-ZVS-PWM converter, and specifically, the DC-DC conversion unit 2 comprises a blocking capacitor CbLeakage inductance L1kIsolation transformer, first diode D1And a second diode D2(ii) a Blocking capacitor CbOne end of the first power switch tube S is connected with1And a third power switch tube S3The other end of the connecting wire is connected with one end of the primary side of the isolation transformer through leakage inductance, and the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the second power switch tube S2And a fourth power switch tube S4The connecting line of (1); the secondary side of the isolation transformer is provided with a first tap, a second tap and a third tap, the second tap is positioned between the first tap and the third tap, and the first tap is connected with a first diode D1The second tap is connected with a second diode D2The anode of (1); when in use state: one end of the load and the first diode D1And a second diode D2The cathodes of the two taps are connected, and the other end of the two taps is connected with a second tap.
In a preferred embodiment, the DC-DC conversion unit 2 of the single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation further comprises a filter inductor LoAnd a filter capacitor Co(ii) a Filter capacitor CoOne end passes through the filter inductor LoConnecting a first diode D1And a second diode D2The other end of the cathode is connected with a second tap; when in use state: load and filter capacitor CoAnd (4) connecting in parallel. By setting filter inductance LoAnd a filter capacitor CoThe unnecessary alternating current part in the voltage can be filtered out, so that the output direct current voltage is smoother.
In a preferred embodiment, the AC-DC conversion unit 1 with the single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation further includes a first auxiliary capacitor, a second auxiliary capacitor, a third auxiliary capacitor and a fourth auxiliary capacitor; the first auxiliary capacitor, the second auxiliary capacitor, the third auxiliary capacitor and the fourth auxiliary capacitor are respectively connected with the first power switch tube S1A second power switch tube S2The third power switch tube S3And a fourth power switch tube S4Are connected in parallel one by one. Through setting up auxiliary capacitance, guarantee that power switch tube's voltage can not reach output voltage suddenly, and then help reducing turn-off loss.
In a preferred embodiment, the AC-DC conversion unit 1 with the single-stage current-isolated AC-DC converter further includes a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, a third freewheeling diode and a fourth freewheeling diode, wherein the first freewheeling diode, the second freewheeling diode, the third freewheeling diode and the fourth freewheeling diode are respectively connected with the first power switch tube S1A second power switch tube S2The third power switch tube S3And a fourth power switch tube S4And the power switch tube works under the ZVS condition when the follow-up current diode is conducted before the power switch tube is opened, so that the switching loss is effectively reduced.
The working principle and process of the single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation of the present invention are described as follows:
the AC-DC converter unit 1 is a four-switch pulse width modulated voltage source that performs power factor correction and absorbs the required active power from the grid for the load RLA first capacitor C for supplying power and storing it on the intermediate DC bus1And a second capacitor C2In (1). To perform these operations, the AC-DC conversion unit 1 should apply appropriate three-phase balanced voltages at the converter terminals A, B and C, and since the AC-DC conversion unit 1 has only two branches with active switches, the phase difference between the voltages of the two active branches, i.e., phase a and phase B, is 60 ° instead of 120 °. The DC-DC conversion unit 2 is a conventional FB-ZVS-PWM converter, and its gating signal can be generated in SPWM mode, and there are 8 continuous operation modes in one switching cycle of the single-stage AC-DC converter, which are shown in the following specific operation modes:
before the 1 st operating mode begins, the first power switch S is assumed1And a second power switch tube S2Conduction and a dead zone exists between switching transitions.
1 st operating mode: referring to fig. 2, at the beginning of the mode, the second power switch S2Shutting down, isolating the primary current I of the transformerpriStarts to flow through the fourth power switch tube S4An anti-parallel diode. VABEqual to bus voltage VPN，IpriLinearly increasing, in this mode, the fourth power switch S4Can be at IpriBefore reaching zero, it is switched on by a zero voltage switch ZVS. In this mode, Vsec1And Vsec2Are all zero, filter inductance LoCurrent of (I)LoA first diode D flowing through the secondary side1And a second diode D2This is a freewheeling mode, no energy is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the isolation transformer, i.e. no energy is transferred to the output.
The 2 nd working mode: referring to FIG. 3, at the start of this mode, IpriBecomes positive and flows through the first power switch tube S1And a fourth power switch tube S4，VABEqual to bus voltage VPNThe primary voltage of the isolation transformer is positive when Vsec1Is a positive and first diode D1When conducting, comes from the first capacitor C1And a second capacitor C2Is transferred to the output.
The 3 rd working mode: referring to fig. 4, at the beginning of the mode, the first power switch S1Closure, IpriFlows through the first power switch tube S3An anti-parallel diode. VABZero voltage at both ends, blocking capacitor CbVoltage V ofCbApplied to the primary winding of an isolating transformer, IpriThe linearity decreases. In this mode, energy is not transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the isolation transformer, and the output current passes through the first diode D1And a second diode D2Circulation and the first power switch tube S3May be turned on with ZVS.
The 4 th working mode: referring to FIG. 4, at the start of this mode, IpriBecomes negative and flows through the third power switch tube S3And a fourth power switch tube S4Of an antiparallel diode, VCbApplied to the primary winding of the isolation transformer. In this mode, Vsec2Is positive and equal to VCbWhile the second diode D2Filter inductance L of conducting and output endoCurrent of (I)LoIncreasing, in this mode, the energy from the blocking capacitance CbTo the output end。
The 5 th working mode: referring to fig. 6, at the beginning of the mode, the first power switch S1And starting the device, wherein the mode is the same as the 1 st working mode.
The 6 th working mode: referring to FIG. 7, at the start of this mode, IpriIs changed. The mode is the same as the 2 nd working mode, and at the end of the mode, the fourth power switch tube S4Closure, IpriFlows through the second power switch tube S2An anti-parallel diode.
And 7, an operation mode: referring to fig. 8, at the beginning of the mode, the second power switch S2By ZVS on, VABThe voltage at both ends is zero, VCbApplied to the primary winding of the isolation transformer, Ipri drops linearly. In this mode, energy is not transferred from the input to the output, and the output current passes through the first diode D1And a second diode D2And (6) circulating.
The 8 th working mode: referring to fig. 9, at the start of this mode Ipri becomes negative and flows through the first power switch S1And a second power switch tube S2，VCbThe voltage and current applied to the primary winding of the isolation transformer, the isolation transformer and the secondary winding are the same as in the 4 th mode of operation. It can be seen that the AC-DC converter has a simple operation mode, and several modes are the same, so that the AC-DC converter is designed and applied, and energy cannot be transmitted to the output terminal in individual modes, thereby achieving the effect of galvanic isolation.
The utility model discloses single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation, the design is simple, do not have the bridge, only four power switch tubes are used for power conversion and galvanic isolation in the topological structure, compare current single-stage AC-DC converter, the quantity of power switch tube is obviously reduced, consequently can produce higher conversion efficiency; after the three-phase six-switch converter is converted into the three-phase four-switch converter, when the switching signals are generated, only the phase relation between gating signals of two legs needs to be changed, and the pulse width modulation mode does not need to be changed, so that the control can be realized by adopting any control method used in a standard three-phase six-switch voltage source converter, and the control is easier; meanwhile, the input current of the single-stage AC-DC converter is continuous, so that the peak current stress of components is not overlarge, and the single-stage AC-DC converter is safer and more reliable in use and wider in application range; meanwhile, the power switch tube is connected with the freewheeling diode and the auxiliary capacitor in an anti-parallel mode, and when the power switch tube is switched on and the freewheeling diode is switched on, the power switch tube works under the ZVS condition, so that the switching loss is effectively reduced; therefore, compared with the same structure, the three-phase single-stage AC-DC converter is the simplest and cheapest current isolation three-phase single-stage AC-DC converter.
The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation, characterized by comprising an AC-DC conversion unit (1) and a DC-DC conversion unit (2);
the AC-DC conversion unit (1) comprises a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a third power switch tube, a fourth power switch tube, a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
the source electrode of the first power switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the third power switch tube, and the drain electrode of the first power switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second power switch tube; the source electrode of the second power switch tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth power switch tube; the source electrode of the third power switch tube is connected with the source electrode of the fourth power switch tube; one end of the first capacitor is connected with the drain electrode of the first power switch tube and the drain electrode of the second power switch tube, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second capacitor; the other end of the second capacitor is connected with a source electrode of the third power switch tube and a source electrode of the fourth power switch tube; one end of the first inductor, one end of the second inductor and one end of the third inductor are respectively used for connecting a three-phase input power supply, the other end of the first inductor is connected with a connecting wire of the first power switch tube and a connecting wire of the third power switch tube, the other end of the second inductor is connected with a connecting wire of the second power switch tube and a connecting wire of the fourth power switch tube, and the other end of the third inductor is connected with a connecting wire of the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
the input end of the DC-DC conversion unit (2) is connected with the connecting line of the first power switch tube and the third power switch tube and the connecting line of the second power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube, and the output end of the DC-DC conversion unit is used for connecting a load.
2. Single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC-DC conversion unit (2) is a FB-ZVS-PWM converter.
3. The single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC-DC conversion unit (2) comprises a DC blocking capacitance, a leakage inductance, an isolation transformer, a first diode and a second diode;
one end of the blocking capacitor is connected with a connecting line of the first power switch tube and the third power switch tube, the other end of the blocking capacitor is connected with one end of the primary side of the isolation transformer through leakage inductance, and the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with a connecting line of the second power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube; the secondary side of the isolation transformer is provided with a first tap, a second tap and a third tap, the second tap is positioned between the first tap and the third tap, the first tap is connected with the anode of the first diode, and the second tap is connected with the anode of the second diode;
when in use state: one end of the load is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, and the other end of the load is connected with the second tap.
4. Single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation according to claim 3, characterized in that the DC-DC conversion unit (2) further comprises a filter inductance and a filter capacitance;
one end of the filter capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode through the filter inductor, and the other end of the filter capacitor is connected with a second tap; when in use state: the load is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor.
5. The single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation according to claim 1, characterized in that the AC-DC conversion unit (1) further comprises a first auxiliary capacitance, a second auxiliary capacitance, a third auxiliary capacitance and a fourth auxiliary capacitance;
the first auxiliary capacitor, the second auxiliary capacitor, the third auxiliary capacitor and the fourth auxiliary capacitor are respectively connected with the first power switch tube, the second power switch tube, the third power switch tube and the fourth power switch tube in parallel one by one.
6. The single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation of claim 1, further comprising a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, a third freewheeling diode, and a fourth freewheeling diode, the first freewheeling diode, the second freewheeling diode, the third freewheeling diode, and the fourth freewheeling diode being anti-parallel to the first power switch tube, the second power switch tube, the third power switch tube, and the fourth power switch tube, respectively.
7. The single-stage AC-DC converter with galvanic isolation of claim 1, wherein the first power switch, the second power switch, the third power switch and the fourth power switch are all MOSFET transistors.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112803769A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-14 | 陕西科技大学 | Dual-output DC-DC converter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112803769A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-14 | 陕西科技大学 | Dual-output DC-DC converter |
| CN112803769B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2024-05-24 | 陕西科技大学 | Dual-output DC-DC converter |
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