CN211575177U - Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate - Google Patents

Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211575177U
CN211575177U CN201921795602.5U CN201921795602U CN211575177U CN 211575177 U CN211575177 U CN 211575177U CN 201921795602 U CN201921795602 U CN 201921795602U CN 211575177 U CN211575177 U CN 211575177U
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China
Prior art keywords
plate
flame
cavity
flame stabilizer
splitter plate
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CN201921795602.5U
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Inventor
范育新
缪俊杰
赵世龙
吴伟秋
刘天池
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Beijing Power Machinery Institute
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Beijing Power Machinery Institute
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a pneumatic auxiliary flame stabilizer for a concave cavity support plate, which comprises a front duct splitter plate, a concave cavity flame stabilizer connected with the rear end of the front duct splitter plate, a rear duct splitter plate arranged at the rear end of the concave cavity flame stabilizer and a support plate flame stabilizer; the front duct splitter plate comprises a first splitter plate which gradually extends towards the direction far away from the outer wall of the combustion chamber along the flowing-in direction of the airflow: the rear end of the first splitter plate is connected with a second splitter plate extending along the horizontal direction; the support plate flame stabilizer is fixed on the lower surface of the second splitter plate; and a plurality of first flow channels for the gas of the outer duct to flow into the cavity of the concave cavity flame stabilizer are arranged on the second flow dividing plate. The utility model relates to a pneumatic auxiliary type cavity extension board flame holder improves cavity extension board flame holder's ignition and flame stabilization ability, makes it have than the wider point flame-out boundary condition of conventional cavity extension board flame holder.

Description

Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a flame holder that uses in turbofan engine afterburning chamber, inferior fire ramjet combustion chamber and turbofan/punching press combination cycle engine multimode combustion chamber, in particular to pneumatic auxiliary type cavity extension board flame holder.
Background
A turbo-based combined cycle engine (TBCC) is regarded as the most promising hypersonic aircraft power device at the present stage as an air-breathing engine with the performance advantages of wide flight range, conventional take-off and landing, reusability and the like. The low temperature of the incoming flow and the excessive local flow velocity inside the TBCC multi-mode combustion chamber cause the flow conditions of low temperature and excessive local flow velocity to bring difficulties for ignition and flame stabilization inside the multi-bypass combustion chamber due to the characteristic that the bypass ratio is greatly changed in the whole working range.
With the increase of the air flow velocity in the modern high-performance afterburner, in order to ensure the reliable ignition performance of the combustor, an on-duty flame stabilizer is generally adopted for soft ignition at the outer ring of the combustor, and a radial flame stabilizer is combined to improve the flame propagation capacity, so that a concave cavity/support plate combined flame stabilizer is formed. However, the radial flame stabilizer blocks the flow channel to increase the flow speed in the flame stabilizer on duty, and meanwhile, the low-speed backflow area formed behind the radial stabilizer can also absorb the flow in the flame stabilizer on duty and damage the flow form in the flame stabilizer on duty, thereby deteriorating the ignition performance on duty and the flame stabilization capability of the combustion chamber.
Meanwhile, the combined flame stabilizer is directly applied to the multi-duct combustion chamber, and the performance of the combined flame stabilizer is bound to the harsh flow conditions of the multi-duct combustion chamber. The requirements of low temperature and high speed conditions in the multi-duct combustion chamber on ignition and flame stabilization far exceed the technical level of the existing afterburner and sub-combustion ramjet combustion chamber. Therefore, the bowl/strut flame stabilizer needs to have wider lean ignition performance and lean extinction performance to meet the use requirement of the multi-bypass combustor with large variation of the incoming flow conditions in the whole working envelope.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Utility model purpose: in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a pneumatic auxiliary type cavity extension board flame stabilizer.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model relates to a pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer for a concave cavity support plate, which comprises a front duct splitter plate, a concave cavity flame stabilizer connected with the rear end of the front duct splitter plate, a rear duct splitter plate arranged at the rear end of the concave cavity flame stabilizer and a support plate flame stabilizer;
the front duct splitter plate comprises a first splitter plate which gradually extends towards the direction far away from the outer wall of the combustion chamber along the flowing-in direction of the airflow: the rear end of the first splitter plate is connected with a second splitter plate extending along the horizontal direction;
the support plate flame stabilizer is fixed on the lower surface of the second splitter plate; and a plurality of first flow channels for the gas of the outer duct to flow into the cavity of the concave cavity flame stabilizer are arranged on the second flow dividing plate.
The support plate flame stabilizer is characterized in that first flow channels are distributed on two sides of the support plate flame stabilizer, and each first flow channel comprises a guide plate extending towards the direction far away from the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and sealing plates located on two sides of the guide plate and used for connecting the guide plate and the second flow distribution plate.
The airflow outlet of the first flow channel is a rectangular opening.
The concave cavity flame stabilizer consists of a front edge plate extending radially, a bottom plate extending horizontally and a rear edge plate extending from the rear end of the bottom plate to the direction far away from the outer wall of the combustion chamber.
The support plate flame stabilizer is a hollow prism with the width gradually increasing along the axial direction; along the axial direction, a first air cavity, an oil storage cavity and a second air cavity are sequentially arranged in the support plate flame stabilizer; and a plurality of radially distributed oil injection holes are distributed on two side walls of the oil storage cavity.
The rear duct splitter plate expands towards the direction close to the outer wall of the combustion chamber.
And an ignition nozzle and an on-duty oil supply device are fixed on the bottom plate.
The oil supply device on duty consists of a centrifugal nozzle, a pressure stabilizing cavity and a first oil supply rod.
The oil storage cavity is communicated with an outlet of the second oil supply rod.
Has the advantages that: (1) the utility model discloses be provided with the first runner that is used for outer duct gas to flow into the cavity in extension board flame holder both sides, solved extension board flame holder to the destruction in flame holder's on duty district flow field, improve the ignition performance and the flame stabilization ability of cavity extension board flame holder, widen the working range of conventional cavity extension board flame holder; (2) the front duct splitter plate of the utility model is divided into a first splitter plate and a second splitter plate which are at a certain angle with the horizontal direction, and the air flow entering the combustion chamber is more reasonably distributed; (3) the rear duct splitter plate of the utility model is provided with a certain expansion angle, which can prevent the heat of high-temperature airflow in the inner duct from being blocked and increase the effective combustion area to improve the combustion efficiency; (4) the utility model is provided with air cavities with lower heat conductivity coefficient respectively in the front and at the back of the oil storage cavity, which can carry out thermal protection to the fuel oil in the oil storage cavity; (5) the utility model discloses send into the fuel in oil storage chamber from second oil spout pole, spout hole blowout through being equipped with on the both sides wall of extension board flame holder realizes the integration fuel feeding of extension board flame holder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional model of the flame stabilizer with concave supporting plates according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the cavity plate flame stabilizer of the present invention in a rectangular combustion chamber;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first flow channel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the strut flame holder of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the working process of the flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plates of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow line distribution of a prior art re-entrant support plate flame stabilizer and the re-entrant support plate flame stabilizer of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows the lean blow-out gas-oil ratio of the prior art concave cavity support plate flame stabilizer and the concave cavity support plate flame stabilizer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the embodiment of a pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer for a concave cavity support plate comprises a front duct flow distribution plate 1, a concave cavity flame stabilizer 2 connected with the rear end of the front duct flow distribution plate 1, a rear duct flow distribution plate 3 arranged at the rear end of the concave cavity flame stabilizer 2 and a support plate flame stabilizer 4.
The front end/side to rear end/side direction described in the present embodiment is a flow direction of the airflow entering the combustion chamber, and is also an axial direction (X-axis direction in fig. 3) described in the present embodiment. The radial direction described in this embodiment is the direction from the upper end/side to the lower end/side of the combustion chamber (the Y-axis direction in fig. 3).
The combustion chamber described in this embodiment has a conventional structure, and the outer wall of the combustion chamber refers to a wall surface of the combustion chamber above the combustion chamber, on which the oil supply device is mounted.
As shown in fig. 1, the front duct splitter plate 1 is composed of a first splitter plate 101 and a second splitter plate 102 extending horizontally and connected to the first splitter plate 101; the first flow distribution plate 101 gradually extends towards the direction away from the outer wall 801 of the combustion chamber 8 along the inflow direction of the airflow, and the rear end of the first flow distribution plate 101 is connected with the second flow distribution plate 102 extending along the horizontal direction, that is, two flat plates with included angles form the front duct flow distribution plate 1.
The re-entrant flame holder 2 in this embodiment is a structure of a conventional re-entrant flame holder, and the re-entrant flame holder 2 is composed of a radially extending front edge plate 201 perpendicular to the second flow distribution plate 102, a horizontally extending bottom plate 202, and a rear edge plate 203 extending from the rear end of the bottom plate 202 toward the outer wall 801 of the combustion chamber 8, and the front edge plate 201, the bottom plate 202, and the rear edge plate 203 enclose a re-entrant cavity of the re-entrant flame holder 2. The front edge plate 201 is fixedly connected with the front duct splitter plate 1, the rear end of the rear edge plate 203 is connected with the rear duct splitter plate 3, and the rear duct splitter plate 3 extends towards the direction close to the outer wall of the combustion chamber, so that the rear duct splitter plate 3 expands towards the outer wall of the combustion chamber. The front culvert flow distribution plate 1 plays a role in distributing the flow of the inner culvert and the outer culvert, and the rear culvert flow distribution plate 3 is provided with a certain expansion angle, so that the heat blockage of high-temperature airflow in the inner culvert can be prevented, and meanwhile, the effective combustion area is increased to improve the combustion efficiency.
The bottom plate 202 of the cavity flame stabilizer 2 is provided with an ignition electric nozzle matching hole 204 for installing an ignition electric nozzle 6, and is also provided with a fuel nozzle matching hole 205 for installing an on-duty fuel supply device 7 for realizing the on-duty ignition function of the cavity flame stabilizer. As a preferred mode of the present embodiment, ignition nozzle engagement holes 204 are provided on base plate 202 at a distance of 1/4 of the axial length from the leading edge plate, and fuel nozzle engagement holes 205 are provided at a distance of 1/2 of the axial length of the base plate. The oil supply unit 7 on duty is the current structure, the utility model discloses in adopted the oil supply unit 7 on duty who comprises centrifugal nozzle 701, steady voltage chamber 702 and first fuel rod 703.
As shown in fig. 2, the strut flame stabilizer 4 is fixed on the lower surface of the second splitter plate 102, the strut flame stabilizer 4 is transversely located in the middle of the concave cavity flame stabilizer 2, and the end surface of the tail part of the strut flame stabilizer 4 is flush with the front end surface of the concave cavity flame stabilizer 1. The extension board flame holder 4 is the hollow spare of thin wall, transverse section is the V type, extension board flame holder 4's whole shape is the triangular prism shape, along axial direction, extension board flame holder 4's transverse section width increases gradually, extension board flame holder 4 inside cavity is separated into first air chamber 401 along the axial in proper order, oil storage chamber 402 and second air chamber 403, the nozzle opening 404 of a plurality of radial distributions distributes to the both sides wall in oil storage chamber 402, oil storage chamber 402 communicates with the export of second fuel feed rod 405 (second fuel feed rod 405 is current structure), in this embodiment, on the lateral wall in oil storage chamber 402, a list of radial distribution's nozzle opening 404 has been set up.
After entering the oil storage cavity 402 from the second oil supply rod 405, the fuel oil is ejected from the oil injection holes 404 arranged on the two side walls of the support plate flame stabilizer 4 to realize the integrated oil supply of the support plate flame stabilizer. The lower air of coefficient of thermal conductivity can carry out thermal protection to the fuel in the oil storage chamber 402 in first air chamber 401 and the second air chamber 403, and the second air chamber 403 can also carry out the cooling hole design and carry out thermal protection to the tail end face of extension board flame holder 4 simultaneously.
As shown in fig. 3, the X-axis direction in the figure is the axial direction, the Y-axis direction is the radial direction, the Z-axis direction is the horizontal direction, as shown in the figure, a plurality of first runners 5 for the bypass gas to flow into the cavity are provided on the second splitter plate 102 as pneumatic auxiliary devices, the first runners 5 are used for sending the gas flow passing through the bypass into the cavity of the cavity flame stabilizer 1, the pneumatic auxiliary devices are not limited to the structure of the first runners 5 provided in the embodiment, so other devices capable of realizing the bypass gas flow flowing into the culvert are the equivalent replacement of the pneumatic auxiliary devices of the present invention. In order to protect the flow structures within the cavity of the re-entrant flame holder 2, the first flow channels 5 are arranged on both sides of the strut flame holder 4, the first flow channels 5 being located on the second splitter plate 102 of the front ducted splitter plate 4, close to the re-entrant flame holder 2.
The first flow channel 5 is composed of a rectangular guide plate 501 extending downwards in an inclined mode and triangular sealing plates 502 fixed on two sides of the guide plate 501, the guide plate 501 extends towards the direction far away from the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber gradually, two air flow channels are formed by rectangular holes formed in the front duct splitter plate 1, and meanwhile, the air flow channels play a role in guiding the connotation air flow and the connotation air flow. The seal plates 502 on the two sides of the flow guide plate 501 connect the flow guide plate 501 with the second flow distribution plate 102; the side plates 502 are flat plates vertically arranged in a triangular shape, and play a role in fixing and sealing to reduce flow loss; the airflow outlet 503 of the first flow passage 5 is a rectangular opening. Preferably, the axial distance S between the rear edge of the pneumatic auxiliary device and the front edge of the cavity flame stabilizer 2 is 5-15 mm, the radial opening H of the airflow outlet 503 is 2-8 mm, the axial length of a rectangular hole formed by the first flow channel 5 on the front bypass flow distribution plate 1 is preferably 20-40 mm, and the first flow channel 5 can transversely (i.e. the width of the first flow channel) extend to the support plate flame stabilizer 4 and can be cut off in advance, preferably 20-35 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the pneumatic auxiliary type concave cavity support plate flame stabilizer in this embodiment is assembled in a rectangular combustion chamber, the front duct flow distribution plate 1, the concave cavity flame stabilizer 2, and the rear duct flow distribution plate 3 are fixedly connected with the side wall surface of the rectangular combustion chamber 8 through two side surfaces, and the upper wall surface of the combustion chamber 8 is the outer wall surface 801 described in this embodiment; the upper end surface of the support plate flame stabilizer 4 is fixedly connected with the second flow distribution plate 102 of the front duct flow distribution plate 1, and the lower end surface is fixedly connected with the lower wall surface 802 of the combustion chamber 8. The ignition electric nozzle 6 is concentrically matched with the ignition electric nozzle matching hole 204, and the on-duty oil supply device 7 is concentrically matched with the fuel nozzle matching hole 205; the ignition electric nozzle 6 and the on-duty oil supply device 7 are fixed on the upper wall surface of the rectangular combustion chamber 8 in a welding or mechanical matching mode.
The working process of the flame stabilizer of the pneumatic auxiliary type concave cavity supporting plate in the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, the air flowing from the inlet of the rectangular combustion chamber is divided into a bypass airflow and a bypass airflow when passing through the forward bypass flow dividing plate. One part of the culvert airflow is converged into the culvert airflow from the two airflow channels at the first flow channel (pneumatic auxiliary device), the rest part of the culvert airflow is used for carrying out thermal protection on the hot end part in the culvert channel, and the subsequent culvert flow distribution plate is converged with the culvert airflow and participates in combustion; the connotative airflow flows through the concave cavity support plate flame stabilizer, and a low-speed backflow area suitable for ignition and flame stabilization is formed in the concave cavity flame stabilizer and behind the support plate flame stabilizer under the action of the two airflows. The centrifugal nozzle is used for supplying oil to the on-duty area of the flame stabilizer of the concave cavity, proper oil and gas in the concave cavity are matched and discharged through the ignition electric nozzle to form on-duty flame in the concave cavity, the on-duty flame gradually ignites the main flow area of the support plate stabilizer to supply oil when propagating to the center of the combustion chamber along the support plate flame stabilizer, and finally stable flame is formed in the rectangular combustion chamber. Meanwhile, the pneumatic auxiliary mode has self-adaptability, and two air inlets before ignition enable the interior of the flame stabilizer of the concave cavity supporting plate to have a flow field structure suitable for ignition; after the ignition is successfully carried out and the combustion is stabilized, the increase of the culvert pressure in the combustion chamber enables the culvert air inflow to be reduced, and more culvert air is used for the thermal protection of hot-end components so as to ensure the structural reliability; and when the combustion chamber is close to the flameout limit, the decrease of the content pressure can increase the content air input again to improve the flame stability.
Application example: FIG. 6 is a streamline distribution for two re-entrant/fulcrum flame holders, wherein FIGS. 6a and 6c are conventional re-entrant/fulcrum stabilizers, and FIGS. 6b and 6d are pneumatically-assisted re-entrant/fulcrum stabilizers of the present device. Comparing the streamline distribution in the two stabilizers, it can be seen that the recirculation zone formed in the cavity is greatly affected by the strut stabilizer, the low-speed recirculation zone in the cavity of the strut stabilizer cross-section (shown in fig. 6 a) is completely destroyed, and the low-speed recirculation zone in the cavity far from the strut stabilizer cross-section (shown in fig. 6 c) is also extruded and shrunk under the influence of three-dimensional flow, so that the ignition and flame stabilization performance is reduced. And the utility model provides a pneumatic auxiliary type cavity extension board flame holder utilizes two strands to admit air and protects the low-speed backward flow district in to the cavity, weaken extension board flame holder to the influence that the cavity flows, so keep away from extension board stabilizer cross-section (shown in figure 6 d) and locate to have continuous complete low-speed backward flow district in the cavity, and extension board stabilizer cross-section (shown in figure 6 b) locates also to have certain backward flow between cavity and the extension board, make the dwell time of air current in cavity extension board flame holder longer, help obtaining better ignition and flame stability performance.
FIG. 7 is a lean blow-out gas-to-oil ratio for a conventional bowl/fulcrum flameholder and the pneumatically assisted bowl/fulcrum flameholder of the present apparatus with an incoming flow temperature of 600K. The two types of stabilizers are different from the pneumatic auxiliary device, and other structural parameters of the reentrant flame stabilizer and the support plate flame stabilizer are the same. It can be seen from fig. 7 that the utility model provides a pneumatic auxiliary formula cavity/extension board flame holder is 600K in T, and lean oil point, flame-out performance under 0.1 ~ 0.3 operating mode are all superior to traditional cavity/extension board flame holder for Ma. In general, the pneumatic auxiliary cavity/support plate flame stabilizer adopting the device can better improve the lean point flameout performance of the combustion chamber, broaden the ignitable speed limit of the cavity/support plate flame stabilizer and averagely reduce the lean point and flameout oil-gas ratio by 19.3 percent and 25.6 percent.
From the test verification results, the utility model adopts a pneumatic auxiliary mode to ensure that a continuous and complete backflow region structure exists in the concave cavity stabilizer, and has a wider combustible ignition position than the conventional concave cavity support plate stabilizer; the flame stabilizer of the pneumatic auxiliary type concave cavity supporting plate increases the retention time of airflow in the flame stabilizer of the concave cavity, and improves the combustible speed limit of the combustion chamber; the utility model discloses a gas flow channel as pneumatic supplementary mode, compare mechanical system and have stronger self-adaptability, can experience combustion state's in the combustion chamber change and self-adaptation regulation.

Claims (9)

1. A pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer for a concave cavity support plate is characterized by comprising a front duct splitter plate (1), a concave cavity flame stabilizer (2) connected with the rear end of the front duct splitter plate (1), a rear duct splitter plate (3) arranged at the rear end of the concave cavity flame stabilizer (2) and a support plate flame stabilizer (4); the front duct splitter plate (1) comprises a first splitter plate (101) which gradually extends towards the direction far away from the outer wall of the combustion chamber along the flowing-in direction of the airflow: the rear end of the first splitter plate (101) is connected with a second splitter plate (102) extending along the horizontal direction;
the support plate flame stabilizer (4) is fixed on the lower surface of the second splitter plate (102); the second flow dividing plate (102) is provided with a plurality of first flow channels (5) for the gas of the outer duct to flow into the cavity of the concave cavity flame stabilizer (2).
2. The pneumatically assisted re-entrant strut flame holder of claim 1 wherein the strut flame holder (4) has a first flow passage (5) disposed on each side thereof, the first flow passage (5) comprising a baffle (501) extending away from the outer wall of the chamber and closure plates (502) on each side of the baffle for connecting the baffle to the second splitter plate (102).
3. The pneumatically assisted pocket plate flame holder of claim 2, wherein the airflow outlet (503) of the first flow channel (5) is a rectangular opening.
4. The pneumatically assisted pocket plate flame holder of claim 1, wherein the pocket plate flame holder (2) is comprised of a radially extending leading edge plate (201), a horizontally extending base plate (202), and a trailing edge plate (203) extending from the rear end of the base plate (202) in a direction away from the outer wall of the combustion chamber.
5. The pneumatically assisted re-entrant strut flame holder of claim 1, wherein the strut flame holder (4) is a hollow triangular prism of increasing width along the axial direction; a first air cavity (401), an oil storage cavity (402) and a second air cavity (403) are sequentially arranged in the support plate flame stabilizer (4); and a plurality of radially distributed oil spray holes (404) are distributed on two side walls of the oil storage cavity (402).
6. The pneumatically assisted pocket plate flame holder of claim 1 wherein the aft duct splitter plate (3) expands toward the outer wall of the combustor.
7. The pneumatically assisted pocket plate flame holder of claim 4, wherein an ignition nozzle (6) and an on-duty oil supply (7) are affixed to the base plate (202).
8. The pneumatically assisted pocket plate flame holder of claim 7, wherein the on-duty oil supply (7) is comprised of a centrifugal nozzle (701), a plenum (702), and a first oil supply rod (703).
9. The pneumatically assisted pocket plate flame holder of claim 5, wherein the oil reservoir chamber (402) communicates with an outlet of a second oil supply rod (405).
CN201921795602.5U 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate Active CN211575177U (en)

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CN201921795602.5U CN211575177U (en) 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate

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CN201921795602.5U CN211575177U (en) 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110762555A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-07 南京航空航天大学 Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate
CN113154446A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-23 南京航空航天大学 Support plate type stabilizer for intensified combustion of afterburner
CN115371080A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-11-22 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 Enhanced tissue combustion chamber

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110762555A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-07 南京航空航天大学 Pneumatic auxiliary type flame stabilizer with concave cavity supporting plate
CN110762555B (en) * 2019-10-24 2024-04-19 南京航空航天大学 Pneumatic auxiliary type cavity support plate flame stabilizer
CN113154446A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-23 南京航空航天大学 Support plate type stabilizer for intensified combustion of afterburner
CN115371080A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-11-22 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 Enhanced tissue combustion chamber
CN115371080B (en) * 2022-07-05 2023-09-05 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 Reinforced tissue combustion chamber

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