CN211570748U - One-step nickel smelting device - Google Patents
One-step nickel smelting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211570748U CN211570748U CN202020098687.8U CN202020098687U CN211570748U CN 211570748 U CN211570748 U CN 211570748U CN 202020098687 U CN202020098687 U CN 202020098687U CN 211570748 U CN211570748 U CN 211570748U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a one-step nickel smelting device. The one-step nickel smelting device is integrated equipment and comprises a furnace body, wherein a molten pool smelting area and a reduction depletion area are sequentially arranged in the furnace body, the molten pool smelting area is provided with a first feeding port and a first blast port, the first feeding port is used for feeding nickel sulfide concentrate, a flux and a first reducing agent into the molten pool smelting area, and the molten pool smelting area is used for carrying out molten pool smelting on the nickel sulfide concentrate to produce high-nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas containing 35-65 wt% of nickel; the reduction and dilution zone is communicated with the melting zone of the melting bath, is provided with a second charging hole, a second blast hole and a smoke outlet, and is used for enabling the melting slag to carry out dilution reaction to produce the depleted slag and the first metallized nickel matte. The utility model discloses can realize in an equipment strengthening smelting, the slag is barred to realize that the nickel sulfide concentrate is one step of refining out high-nickel matte in a device, realized the energy high efficiency and utilized. Meanwhile, the smelting slag has low nickel content, the load of the dilution process is small, and the energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metallurgical technology field particularly, relates to a one step nickel smelting device.
Background
Traditional pyrometallurgy of nickel sulfide concentrates mainly refers to a process for smelting nickel sulfide concentrates to high-nickel matte, and generally comprises two steps of smelting and converting, wherein the smelting process mainly comprises a molten bath smelting process and a flash smelting process, and the converting process mainly comprises a P-S converter converting process and a top blowing converting process.
The molten pool smelting process comprises closed blast furnace smelting, electric furnace smelting, oxygen-enriched top-blown furnace smelting, oxygen-enriched side-blown furnace smelting and the like, wherein the closed blast furnace smelting and the electric furnace smelting belong to the processes which are clearly required to be eliminated in the industry at present. The core production device for molten bath smelting is a molten bath smelting furnace, and mainly comprises a top-blown smelting furnace and an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace.
Flash smelting includes the ottoman flash smelting process and the INCO oxygen flash smelting process (Copper Cliff, canada). The core production device for flash smelting is a flash smelting furnace.
The blowing of the P-S converter has mature application practice, but the hot state transportation of the melt is required in the production process, and the problem of low-altitude pollution of SO2 is difficult to avoid.
It can be seen from the above that in the traditional pyrometallurgical process of nickel sulfide concentrate, smelting and converting operations are usually completed by an independent smelting furnace and an independent converting furnace, and the problems of transportation and circulation of a large amount of materials among production devices exist, and the consequent problems of high investment, long process, low air pollution and the like are caused.
In 1995, Harjavalta factories in Finland developed a flash furnace one-step Nickel smelting process (DON) on the basis of the existing Ottokumpu flash smelting process, and the flash furnace one-step Nickel smelting process is used for treating Nickel sulfide concentrate with high Nickel content and can be used for directly flash smelting the Nickel concentrate to high Nickel matte in one step. However, the DON process still has some problems, which are as follows:
(1) the preparation of the material is complex. The nickel sulfide concentrate needs to be dried, and the water content of the material is reduced to be below 0.3 percent before the material is put into a furnace; the granularity of other materials such as flux, smoke dust and the like is required to be less than or equal to 1mm, so if the flux such as quartz stone and the like is a blocky material, the blocky material can be put into a furnace after being finely ground; the block-shaped return materials of the system, such as runner shells, block smoke dust and the like, also need to be finely ground and then enter the furnace.
(2) Flash smelting needs strong oxidation smelting in a reaction tower, so that nickel sulfide concentrate and oxygen react quickly, and therefore smelting slag is high in oxygen potential and nickel content. Therefore, the smelting slag needs to be further depleted by an electric furnace.
(3) And 3, the smelting slag is depleted in an electric furnace, a reducing agent and a vulcanizing agent are added, and the metallized nickel matte is produced. Reducing agent for reducing nickel oxide Ni in slag2O, a vulcanizing agent is used for diluting the metal, and the sulfur content of the metallized nickel matte is adjusted, so that the operation temperature of the melt is adjusted. In addition, the sulfidizing agent is injected into the electric furnace through a lance, and the material preparation and transportation system is complicated.
In a word, the DON process is adopted, materials need to be dried and then enter a furnace, the flash smelting oxygen potential is high, the Ni content of smelting slag is high, reduction vulcanization needs to be carried out in a subsequent continuous slag impoverishment electric furnace, the electric furnace treatment load is large, and the energy consumption is high. Therefore, there is a need to provide a new nickel smelting process to overcome these drawbacks.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a one step nickel smelting device to solve the raw materials that DON technology exists among the prior art and go into stove condition height, melting slag nickel content is high, electric stove load is big when handling the melting slag alone, the energy consumption high problem.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose, according to the utility model discloses an aspect provides a one step of nickel metallurgy device, and its equipment as an organic whole, one step of nickel metallurgy device include the furnace body, and the furnace body is inside to be set gradually: the smelting system comprises a molten pool smelting area, a first cooling area and a second cooling area, wherein the molten pool smelting area is provided with a first feeding port and a first blast port, the first feeding port is used for feeding nickel sulfide concentrate, a fusing agent and a first reducing agent into the molten pool smelting area, and the molten pool smelting area is used for carrying out molten pool smelting on the nickel sulfide concentrate to produce high nickel matte containing 35-65 wt% of nickel, smelting slag and flue gas; and the reduction and dilution zone is communicated with the melting zone of the melting bath, is provided with a second feeding port, a second blast port and a smoke outlet, and is used for enabling the melting slag to carry out dilution reaction to produce the depleted slag and the first metallized nickel matte.
Furthermore, a settling zone is arranged in the furnace body, the settling zone is communicated with the reduction impoverishment zone and is positioned on one side of the reduction impoverishment zone, which is far away from the melting zone of the melting bath, and the settling zone is used for settling impoverishment slag to produce second metallized nickel matte.
Further, the furnace body has a bottom wall, and a portion of the bottom wall located below the molten bath melting zone is referred to as a first portion, a portion of the bottom wall located below the reduction-depletion zone is referred to as a second portion, and a portion of the bottom wall located below the settler zone is referred to as a third portion, wherein the horizontal height of the bottom wall increases in the order of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion.
Further, the inner surface of the bottom wall is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is gradually inclined upward in the order of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion.
Further, the inclination angle of the inclined surface is 3 ° to 20 °.
Furthermore, the one-step nickel smelting device also comprises a partition wall, the partition wall is arranged in the furnace body and is positioned between the reduction depletion area and the settling area, a communicating channel is arranged below the partition wall, and the reduction depletion area and the settling area are connected through the communicating channel.
Further, the one-step nickel smelting device also comprises a heating electrode, and the heating electrode penetrates through the furnace body and extends into the settling zone.
Further, the heating electrode is a graphite electrode or a self-baking electrode.
Furthermore, the furnace body is provided with a first end wall and a second end wall opposite to the first end wall, the first end wall is the end wall of the melting zone far away from one end of the settling zone, and the second end wall is the end wall of the settling zone far away from one end of the melting zone; wherein the first end wall is provided with a high nickel matte discharge port; the second end wall is provided with a slag discharge port.
Furthermore, the high-nickel matte discharge port is a siphon discharge port or a perforated discharge port, and the slag discharge port is an overflow slag discharge port or a perforated slag discharge port.
Further, the settling zone is also provided with a second smoke outlet.
Further, the first blast ports are distributed on different side walls of the molten pool melting zone; the second tuyeres are plural and the plural second tuyeres are distributed on different sidewalls of the reduction depletion zone.
Further, the first blast port and the second blast port are both side-blowing straight-through type air holes.
Furthermore, the furnace body is of a horizontal furnace type, the molten pool smelting zone and the reduction depletion zone are arranged along the length direction of the furnace body, and the length of the molten pool smelting zone is 2-5 times that of the reduction depletion zone.
Further, the hearth height of the settling zone is lower than the hearth height of the bath melting zone and the reduction-depletion zone.
The utility model provides a one-step nickel smelting device, it is integrated equipment, one-step nickel smelting device includes the furnace body, the furnace body is inside to have set gradually the molten bath melting zone and to reduce and impound the district, the molten bath melting zone has first charge door and first tuyere, first charge door is used for adding nickel sulfide concentrate, flux and first reductant to the molten bath melting zone, the molten bath melting zone is used for carrying out the molten bath to nickel sulfide concentrate and smelts in order to output nickeliferous 50 ~ 65 wt%'s high-nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas; the reduction and dilution zone is communicated with the melting zone of the melting bath, is provided with a second charging hole, a second blast hole and a smoke outlet, and is used for enabling the melting slag to carry out dilution reaction to produce the depleted slag and the first metallized nickel matte. Adopt the utility model provides a one-step nickel smelting device can realize strengthening smelting, slag impoverishment in an equipment to realize that nickel sulfide concentrate one step smelts out nickelic matte in a device, realized the high-efficient utilization of the energy. Meanwhile, because of the adoption of a molten pool smelting technology, the smelting slag has low nickel content, the load of the dilution process is small, and the energy consumption is low. In addition, when the molten pool is smelted, the particle size and the water content of the nickel sulfide concentrate, the flux and the first reducing agent are not required to be special, and the charging condition of the raw materials is low.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a one-step nickel smelting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a furnace body; 20. a partition wall; 30. heating the electrode; 11. a molten bath smelting zone; 12. a reduction depletion zone; 13. a settling zone; 101. a first feed inlet; 102. a first tuyere; 103. a second feed inlet; 104. a second tuyere; 105. a smoke outlet; 106. a high nickel matte discharge port; 107. a slag discharge port; 108. and the second smoke outlet.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
As described in the background art, the DON process in the prior art has the problems of high raw material charging condition, high nickel content in smelting slag, large load, high energy consumption and the like when an electric furnace independently processes the smelting slag.
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a one-step nickel smelting device, as shown in figure 1, the one-step nickel smelting device is an integrated device, the one-step nickel smelting device comprises a furnace body 10, a molten pool smelting area 11 and a reduction dilution area 12 are sequentially arranged in the furnace body 10; the molten pool smelting zone 11 is provided with a first feeding hole 101 and a first blast hole 102, the first feeding hole 101 is used for feeding nickel sulfide concentrate, a fusing agent and a first reducing agent into the molten pool smelting zone 11, and the molten pool smelting zone 11 is used for carrying out molten pool smelting on the nickel sulfide concentrate to produce high nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas containing 35-65 wt% of nickel; the reduction and dilution zone 12 is communicated with the molten bath smelting zone 11, the reduction and dilution zone 12 is provided with a second feeding hole 103, a second blast hole 104 and a smoke outlet 105, and the reduction and dilution zone 12 is used for enabling the smelting slag to undergo a dilution reaction to produce a depleted slag and a first metallized nickel matte.
In the actual production process, the nickel sulfide concentrate, the flux and the first reducing agent enter a molten pool smelting area 11 of a one-step nickel smelting device for molten pool smelting, and a series of chemical generation such as decomposition, oxidation and the like are generated to generate high nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas. When the molten pool is smelted, the particle size and the water content of the fed nickel sulfide concentrate, the flux and the first reducing agent are not required to be special, so that a material preparation system can be simplified, the materials are directly fed into a furnace after being mixed, drying and fine grinding are not required, and the feeding condition of the raw materials is low. The molten bath smelting zone 11 and the reduction and depletion zone 12 are positioned in the same furnace body and are communicated with each other, so that the smelting slag produced in the molten bath smelting zone 11 can directly enter the reduction and depletion zone 12 for depletion reaction. Because a molten pool smelting technology is adopted, a first reducing agent is added in the reaction process, and the oxygen potential of the smelting slag is controlled, the nickel content of the smelting slag is low and is about 3-5 wt%, and therefore the load of the dilution process is small and the energy consumption is low. After the reduction and dilution zone 12 is used for dilution, the oxygen potential of the slag is further reduced, the nickel content of the waste slag is lower, about 0.2-0.3%, and the metal recovery rate is higher. And because the smelting slag has low viscosity, a vulcanizing agent is not required to be added for dilution in the dilution process, and the generated first metallized nickel matte can also be directly mixed with high nickel matte produced in the smelting process to be used as a nickel matte product.
In a word, the utility model discloses the raw materials that has effectively solved the DON technology existence go into stove condition height, smelting slag nickel content high, electric furnace load when handling the smelting slag alone is big, the energy consumption scheduling problem. The materials are directly fed into the furnace after being proportioned, the preparation is simple, the flow is short, slag dilution and smelting are completed in one furnace, the repeated transportation of the melt and the back-and-forth circulation of the materials are avoided, and the production cost is reduced. And the vulcanizing agent is not required to be added for vulcanization, the production is stable, the operation is simple, and the environmental protection condition is good.
In a preferred embodiment, a settling zone 13 is further provided inside the furnace body 10, the settling zone 13 is communicated with the reduction and depletion zone 12 and is positioned on the side of the reduction and depletion zone 12 far away from the smelting zone 11 of the molten bath, and the settling zone 13 is used for settling depleted slag to produce a second metallized nickel matte. Therefore, the depleted slag produced in the reduction depleted zone 12 can directly enter the settling zone 13 for settling treatment, and smelting, slag depletion and settling separation can be completed in one furnace, so that the continuity of operation is further improved, equipment is saved, the process is simplified, and energy consumption is reduced.
Of course, the settling process may be performed separately, and in an embodiment not shown in the figure, the reduction-depleted zone 12 is provided with a depleted slag discharge port, and the one-step nickel smelting system further comprises a settling furnace having a depleted slag inlet connected to the depleted slag discharge port, and the settling furnace is used for settling the depleted slag. Thus, the method is equivalent to continuous operation of smelting and slag depletion, and slag settlement alone can be operated periodically. Preferably, the slag-depleted inlet is connected to the slag-depleted discharge port via a chute through which the depleted slag flows into the settler furnace. The settling furnace is preferably a settling electric furnace, the temperature is raised through electrode heating, and the produced metallized nickel matte can be independently used as a product and can also be returned to the melting zone 11 of the molten pool.
In a preferred embodiment, the furnace body 10 has a bottom wall, and the portion of the bottom wall located below the molten bath melting zone 11 is referred to as a first portion, the portion of the bottom wall located below the reduction-depletion zone 12 is referred to as a second portion, and the portion of the bottom wall located below the settler 13 is referred to as a third portion, wherein the level of the bottom wall increases in the order of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion. In this way, the first metallicized nickel matte produced in the reduction impoundment zone 12 and the second metallicized nickel matte produced in the settling zone 13 can be gravity fed to the bottom of the molten bath smelting zone 11 and mixed with the high nickel matte to form a nickel matte product.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the inner surface of the bottom wall is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is gradually inclined upward in the order of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion. By this arrangement, the first and second metallicized nickel matte can more conveniently flow automatically to below the molten bath melting zone 11. And the time of further equilibrium reaction is matched with the discharge of the nickel matte, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface is preferably 3-20 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment, the one-step nickel smelting unit 2 further includes a partition wall 20, the partition wall 20 is disposed in the furnace body 10 between the reduction depletion section 12 and the settling section 13, a communicating passage is provided below the partition wall 20, and the reduction depletion section 12 and the settling section 13 are connected by the communicating passage. Thus, the reduction depletion zone 12 and the settling zone 13 may be separated by a partition 20, which is connected by a passage below the partition 20. The provision of the partition wall 20 facilitates a smoother flow between the melt having fluidity for the reduction-depletion reaction in the reduction-depletion zone 12 and the melt subjected to the sedimentation treatment in the sedimentation zone 13, and the partition wall 20 can interrupt agitation and superficial floe in the reduction-depletion zone 12, thereby further enhancing the effect of the sedimentation treatment. Preferably, the partition wall 20 extends to 100-300 mm below the bath, so as to completely separate the flue gas in the two areas and better reduce the scum in the depletion area 12 into the settling area 13.
In a preferred embodiment, the one-step nickel smelting device 2 further comprises a heating electrode 30, and the heating electrode 30 extends to the interior of the settling zone 13 through the furnace body 10. The heating electrode 30 can be used for supplying heat to the material in the settling zone 13, so that the settling effect is further improved. More preferably, the heating electrode is a graphite electrode or a self-baking electrode.
To further enhance the settling effect, in a preferred embodiment, the heating electrode 30 has a plurality of electrodes and extends through the top of the settling zone 13 into the interior thereof. For example, 3 to 6 heating electrodes 30 may be arranged in a straight line or in a triangle.
In a preferred embodiment, the furnace body 10 has a first end wall and a second end wall opposite the first end wall, the first end wall being the end of the molten bath melting zone 11 distal from the settler zone 13, the second end wall being the end of the settler zone 13 distal from the molten bath melting zone 11; wherein the first end wall is provided with a high nickel matte discharge port 106; the second end wall is provided with a slag discharge 107. Nickel matte products can be discharged at intervals by using the high nickel matte discharge port 106, and waste slag produced in the settling zone 13 can be discharged at intervals by using the slag discharge port 107. Because the nickel content of the waste slag is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, the waste slag can be directly treated. Preferably, the high nickel matte discharge port 106 is a siphon discharge port or a perforated discharge port, and the slag discharge port 107 is an overflow slag discharge port or a perforated slag discharge port.
More preferably, the settling zone 13 also has a second smoke outlet 108. The second smoke outlet 108 can discharge smoke generated in the sedimentation treatment process, the temperature of the smoke is 700-900 ℃, the temperature of the smoke is reduced to 300-400 ℃ after temperature reduction and dust removal, and the smoke is reused as secondary air in a smelting zone.
In order to provide a more fully oxygen-rich environment for both the bath melting and the depletion reaction processes, or to more conveniently introduce gaseous reductant into the reduction depletion zone 12, in a preferred embodiment, the first tuyeres 102 are plural, with the plural first tuyeres 102 being distributed on different side walls of the bath melting zone 11; the second tuyeres 104 are plural, and the plural second tuyeres 104 are distributed on different side walls of the reduction-depletion zone 12. In a preferred embodiment, the furnace body 10 is of a horizontal furnace type, the bath melting zone 11 and the reduction-depletion zone 12 are arranged along the length of the furnace body 10, and the length of the bath melting zone 11 is 2 to 5 times the length of the reduction-depletion zone 12. By this arrangement, the reaction time of the nickel sulfide concentrate in the bath smelting zone 11 is more matched with the depletion time of the smelting slag in the reduction depletion zone 12, so that the smelting of the nickel sulfide concentrate and the depletion of the smelting slag have better continuity and stability.
In a preferred embodiment, the first tuyere 102 and the second tuyere 104 are both side-blown straight-through tuyeres. The side-blowing straight-through type air hole is adopted, so that the ventilation quantity can be increased, the stirring of a molten pool is enhanced, and meanwhile, the air hole is easy to plug.
Preferably, the first charging opening 101 is arranged at the top of the smelting zone 11 of the molten bath, and the number can be multiple, such as 2-3.
In actual production, the second feed port 103 may be co-located with the smoke outlet 105, for example at the top of the reduction-depletion zone 12, such a port serving both functions as a discharge port and as a feed port. Of course, the two can also be located at different positions, with their respective functions.
In a preferred embodiment, during the enleanment reaction, a second reducing agent is added to the reduction enleanment zone 12 through a second feed opening 103, and the second reducing agent is a solid reducing agent; and/or, a third reductant is introduced into the reduction-depleted zone 12 through the second tuyere 104, and the third reductant is a gaseous or liquid reductant. In the process of the depletion reaction, the magnetic iron (ferroferric oxide) in the smelting slag can be reduced into ferrous oxide by the second reducing agent and/or the third reducing agent for slagging, so that the viscosity of the smelting slag can be reduced, the subsequent sedimentation separation effect is improved, and the nickel content and the cobalt content in the depletion slag are further reduced. When a second reductant, i.e., a solid reductant, is used, it is added through second addition port 103, and second addition port 103 may be co-located with smoke outlet 105, such as at the top of reduction-lean zone 12, such that one port serves both the function of discharging smoke and the function of adding material. Of course, the two can also be located at different positions, with their respective functions.
The first reducing agent and the second reducing agent respectively comprise but are not limited to one or more of charcoal, anthracite and coke, and the third reducing agent comprises but is not limited to one or more of natural gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas and heavy oil. During the introduction of the third reductant, the third reductant may be introduced through a second tuyere 104 in the reduction depletion zone 12, and the second tuyere 104 may be a plurality of multi-channel tuyeres through which the third reductant may be carried by an inert gas, such as nitrogen, into the molten bath to be thoroughly mixed with and react with the slag layer. In addition, the inert gas can be used for meeting the requirement of gas quantity regulation, so that the slag layer and the reducing agent are fully stirred, and the reduction depth is controlled.
It is noted that in the reduction and depletion process, oxygen-enriched air is preferably blown into the molten pool through a side-blowing submerged lance, the smelting slag is reacted under the action of the first and/or second reducing agent and the oxygen-enriched air, and the oxygen-enriched air is added in the process, so that the first reducing agent can be incompletely combusted to reduce the slag and supplement the heat required by the reduction process.
In a preferred embodiment, the furnace body 10 is of a horizontal furnace type, the bath melting zone 11 and the reduction-depletion zone 12 are arranged along the length of the furnace body 10, and the length of the bath melting zone 11 is 2 to 5 times the length of the reduction-depletion zone 12. By this arrangement, the reaction time of the nickel sulfide concentrate in the bath smelting zone 11 is more matched with the depletion time of the smelting slag in the reduction depletion zone 12, so that the smelting of the nickel sulfide concentrate and the depletion of the smelting slag have better continuity and stability.
In a preferred embodiment, the hearth level of the settler zone 13 is lower than the hearth level of the bath smelting zone 11 and the reduction-depletion zone 12. The higher furnace height of the melting zone 11 and the reduction depletion zone 12 of the molten pool can reduce the adhesion of a charging opening, reduce the gas velocity of a gas phase zone and reduce the smoke dust rate. The hearth height of the settling zone 13 is short, so that the high speed of the heating electrode 30 can be reduced, and the heat dissipation is reduced.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
The structure of the one-step nickel smelting device is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the length of a melting zone of a melting pool is 10000mm, the width is 2500mm, the total height of a hearth is 5000mm, the height of the liquid level of high nickel matte is 1.1m, and the thickness of a slag layer is 600 mm; 2-3 first charging openings are arranged in a melting zone of the melting bath, and 1-2 high-nickel matte perforated discharge openings or siphon discharge openings are arranged; the side wall of the melting zone of the melting bath is provided with a plurality of straight-through air holes for reacting oxygen-enriched air, and each air output is 800-1200 Nm3H; the number of the wind eyes is related to the processing capacity and the redundancy number, and the redundancy number is 1.5-2 times of the number of the wind eyes required by normal wind supply.
The length of the reduction dilution zone is 2000-5000 mm, and reduction coal is added through a smoke outlet; the side wall of the slag reduction dilution zone is provided with 2-6 multi-channel wind holes, and each side is provided with 1-3 multi-channel wind holes; the reduction depletion area and the sedimentation area are separated by a partition wall, and the partition wall extends into the slag layer and is 100-300 mm below the slag layer;
the length of the settling zone is 5000 mm-15000 mm, the width is 2500mm, and the depth of the molten pool is 700 mm-1100 mm; calculating and adjusting according to the process requirement and the slag retention time; three or six settling zones
The graphite electrodes are arranged in a straight line shape or a triangular shape; the end wall of the settling zone is provided with 1 siphon slag discharge port and 1 accident discharge port; the settling area is provided with a single-leafAnd the flue gas is recycled as secondary air in a smelting area through a vertical smoke outlet.
The nickel sulfide concentrate is smelted by the one-step nickel smelting device, and the specific process flow is as follows:
(1) and (4) batching nickel sulfide concentrate. The nickel sulfide concentrate (containing Ni more than or equal to 6 percent), the quartz stone flux, the reducing agent (anthracite or coke) and the system return material are mixed by a constant feeder, transported to the top of the smelting furnace by a belt conveyor and added into the furnace by a movable feeding device (a movable belt conveyor or a movable constant feeder).
(2) After the materials are mixed, the bulk concentrate and the oxygen-enriched air blown into the molten pool are subjected to a series of chemical reactions such as decomposition, oxidation and the like in a smelting zone of a smelting furnace to generate high-nickel matte, smelting slag and flue gas. The generated high nickel matte contains 50-65% of Ni and 1-4% of Fe, and the operation temperature is 1150-1250 ℃. Fe/SiO smelting slag21.1-1.3 percent, the Ni content of the slag is 3-5 percent, and the temperature of the slag is 1250-1400 ℃ (the MgO content in the specific slag is related). The temperature of the smelting flue gas is 1200-1350 ℃, and the smelting flue gas is sent to a flue gas treatment system for treatment.
(3) The smelting slag enters a depletion region from a smelting region, a reducing agent (anthracite or coke, or reducing gas can be blown in through a spray gun) is added into the depletion region, a certain amount of oxygen-enriched air is blown in to be stirred, the kinetic condition of the reaction is improved, and depletion generates depleted slag and metallized nickel matte. The dilution zone is communicated with the smelting zone, and the generated metallized nickel matte sinks to the bottom of the smelting furnace and is mixed with the high nickel matte; the dilution zone and the electrode settling zone are provided with partition walls, and the dilution slag enters the electrode settling zone through the bottom of the partition walls to further precipitate and separate the metallized nickel matte and the dilution slag. The melt and flue gas temperatures in the dilution zone are the same as in the melting zone. The produced depleted slag contains 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Ni0.2 percent.
(4) The lean slag is further settled and separated in an electrode settling area, the lean slag is heated by an electrode, the temperature of the slag is 1300-1450 ℃ (the content of MgO in the specific slag is related), the Ni content of the waste slag after settling and separating is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, the Co content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and metallized nickel matte generated by settling flows back to a smelting area through the bottom and is mixed with high nickel matte.
(5) The temperature of the flue gas generated in the settling zone is 700-900 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 300-400 ℃ after temperature reduction and dust removal, and the flue gas is used as secondary air for recycling in a smelting zone or is sent to a subsequent flue gas treatment system together with the flue gas in the smelting zone for treatment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. The one-step nickel smelting device is characterized by being integrated equipment, and comprises a furnace body (10), wherein the furnace body (10) is sequentially provided with:
the smelting furnace comprises a molten pool smelting zone (11), wherein the molten pool smelting zone (11) is provided with a first feeding port (101) and a first blast port (102), the first feeding port (101) is used for feeding nickel sulfide concentrate, a fusing agent and a first reducing agent into the molten pool smelting zone (11), and the molten pool smelting zone (11) is used for carrying out molten pool smelting on the nickel sulfide concentrate to produce high nickel matte containing 35-65 wt% of nickel, smelting slag and flue gas; and
a reduction and depletion zone (12) communicated with the molten bath smelting zone (11), wherein the reduction and depletion zone (12) is provided with a second feeding port (103), a second blast port (104) and a smoke outlet (105), and the reduction and depletion zone (12) is used for enabling the smelting slag to undergo a depletion reaction to produce depleted slag and first metallized nickel matte.
2. A one-step nickel smelting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a settling zone (13) is further provided inside the furnace body (10), the settling zone (13) is communicated with the reduction depleted zone (12) and is located on the side of the reduction depleted zone (12) away from the bath smelting zone (11), and the settling zone (13) is used for settling the depleted slag to produce a second nickel matte metallization.
3. A single-stage nickel smelting plant according to claim 2, wherein the furnace body (10) has a bottom wall, and the portion of the bottom wall below the bath smelting zone (11) is designated as a first portion, the portion of the bottom wall below the reduction depletion zone (12) is designated as a second portion, and the portion of the bottom wall below the settler zone (13) is designated as a third portion, wherein the level of the bottom wall increases in the order of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion.
4. A single-step nickel smelting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the inner surface of the bottom wall is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is gradually inclined upward in the order of the first portion, the second portion, and the third portion.
5. A single-step nickel metallurgy apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the angle of inclination of the inclined surface is from 3 ° to 20 °.
6. A single-step nickel smelting plant according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the single-step nickel smelting plant further comprises a partition wall (20), the partition wall (20) is arranged in the furnace body (10) and is located between the reduction depleted zone (12) and the settling zone (13), a communication channel is arranged below the partition wall (20), and the reduction depleted zone (12) and the settling zone (13) are connected through the communication channel.
7. A single-step nickel smelting apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a heating electrode (30), wherein the heating electrode (30) extends through the furnace body (10) to the interior of the settling zone (13).
8. The single-step nickel smelting device according to claim 7, wherein the heating electrode is a graphite electrode or a self-baking electrode.
9. A single-step nickel smelting apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the furnace body (10) has a first end wall and a second end wall opposite to the first end wall, the first end wall being an end wall of the molten bath smelting zone (11) remote from the end of the settler zone (13), and the second end wall being an end wall of the settler zone (13) remote from the end of the molten bath smelting zone (11); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first end wall is provided with a high nickel matte discharge outlet (106);
the second end wall is provided with a slag discharge port (107).
10. The one-step nickel smelting device according to claim 9, characterized in that the high nickel matte discharge port (106) is a siphon discharge port or a perforated discharge port, and the slag discharge port (107) is an overflow slag discharge port or a perforated slag discharge port.
11. A one-step nickel smelting plant according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the settling zone (13) also has a second smoke outlet (108).
12. The single-stage nickel smelting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first tuyeres (102) are plural, and the plural first tuyeres (102) are distributed on different side walls of the molten bath melting zone (11); the second tuyeres (104) are plural, and a plurality of the second tuyeres (104) are distributed on different side walls of the reduction-depletion zone (12).
13. The single-stage nickel metallurgy apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first tuyere (102) and the second tuyere (104) are side-blown straight-through tuyeres.
14. A one-step nickel smelting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the furnace body (10) is of a horizontal furnace type, the bath smelting zone (11) and the reduction-depleted zone (12) are arranged along the length direction of the furnace body (10), and the length of the bath smelting zone (11) is 2-5 times the length of the reduction-depleted zone (12).
15. A single-stage nickel smelter according to claim 14, characterised in that the hearth level of the settler zone (13) is lower than the hearth levels of the bath smelting zone (11) and the reduction-depleted zone (12).
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| CN202020098687.8U CN211570748U (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-01-16 | One-step nickel smelting device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111074080A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting device |
| CN111926133A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral |
| CN112593093A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-04-02 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel smelting device and nickel smelting method |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111074080A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting device |
| CN111926133A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for smelting iron-based mineral |
| CN112593093A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-04-02 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel smelting device and nickel smelting method |
| CN112593093B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-22 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel smelting device and nickel smelting method |
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