CN211331777U - Friction stir welding equipment - Google Patents
Friction stir welding equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN211331777U CN211331777U CN201922014899.3U CN201922014899U CN211331777U CN 211331777 U CN211331777 U CN 211331777U CN 201922014899 U CN201922014899 U CN 201922014899U CN 211331777 U CN211331777 U CN 211331777U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a friction stir welding equipment is particularly useful for the welding of the aluminium or the aluminum alloy ex-trusions of car. Including welding robot, welding robot includes at least one arm, the churning tool head, hydraulic motor, the hydraulic pump passes through hydraulic pressure pipe and hydraulic motor intercommunication, hydraulic motor's output and churning tool head fixed connection to make hydraulic motor can drive the rotation of churning tool head, hydraulic motor's the other end relative with the output and at least one arm fixed connection. The utility model discloses a less hydraulic motor of overall dimension replaces high-speed motor, has reduced friction stir welding equipment head drive arrangement's overall dimension, can realize the welding reachability under complicated curved surface, the complicated fixture mechanism. The welding method is applied to welding of aluminum alloy sections of vehicles, can improve the fine level of the appearance of the whole vehicle, reduces the cost and realizes friction stir welding of three-dimensional complex welding seams of aluminum alloy sheets of automobile bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a friction stir welding equipment particularly, relates to friction stir welding equipment that aluminum alloy welding used.
Background
At present, lightweight automobile body is the development trend of new energy automobile, and aluminium and aluminum alloy structure are more and more used on automobile body, because the characteristics such as the melting point of aluminium is low, the thermal conductivity is high, the linear expansion coefficient is high, easy oxidation, its joint connection technology has very big degree of difficulty, and present wide application mainly has: resistance spot welding (plate lapping), metal-arc gas welding (MIG), SRP (plate lapping) and friction stir welding, FDS, TOX and other connecting processes are assisted. The friction stir welding has the advantages of small welding deformation, small residual stress, high joint mechanical property, safety, environmental protection, no consumption of welding wires and the like, and is very suitable for the joint connection of aluminum alloy car bodies.
The existing friction stir welding equipment is mainly applied to the fields of aviation, rail transit and new energy automobiles (battery shells) in the form of large machine tools, only has a stirring tool head integrated with a high-speed motor at present, has poor on-line welding accessibility due to the large appearance size of the high-speed motor, can only be selectively applied to joints without shielding in certain spaces on a vehicle body, and is difficult to widely popularize in various regions of the vehicle body. Therefore, a solution for reducing the external dimensions of friction stir welding equipment is needed to solve the above problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a friction stir welding equipment is particularly useful for the welding of aluminium or aluminum alloy ex-trusions. The utility model discloses a hydraulic motor that overall dimension is little replaces the big high-speed motor drive stirring tool head of overall dimension, solves the problem that the online welding of stirring tool head can be poor. Preferably, hydraulic motor drive stirring tool head combines with welding robot, solves current friction stir welding equipment processing flexibility not enough, is difficult to realize the welded problem of the complicated three-dimensional curve welding seam of automobile body.
Specifically; a friction stir welding device comprises a welding robot, a stirring tool head; the welding robot comprises at least one mechanical arm, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic pipeline and a hydraulic pump; the hydraulic pump is communicated with the hydraulic motor through a hydraulic pipeline;
the output end of the hydraulic motor is fixedly connected with the stirring tool head, so that the hydraulic motor can drive the stirring tool head to rotate;
the other end of the hydraulic motor, which is opposite to the output end, is fixedly connected with at least one mechanical arm.
Preferably, the welding robot further comprises a base, the at least one robotic arm being a plurality, the base providing rotational support to the plurality of robotic arms.
Preferably, the welding robot includes a plurality of robotic arms and a base providing rotational support to the plurality of robotic arms.
Preferably, the plurality of robot arms includes a first arm, a second arm, and a third arm, the third arm being rotatably supported on the base, one end of the second arm being rotatably connected to the third arm, and the other end of the second arm being rotatably connected to the first arm.
Preferably, the other end of the hydraulic motor is fixedly connected with the first arm of the body.
Preferably, the other end of the hydraulic motor is fixedly connected with the first arm through a switching disc.
Preferably, the friction stir welding device is used for welding of aluminium or aluminium alloy profiles.
Preferably, the aluminum or aluminum alloy profile is used for a body frame of an automobile.
Preferably, the size of the hydraulic motor: the length is less than or equal to 332mm and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 130 mm.
Preferably, the tool bit length is less than or equal to 85mm and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 50 mm.
Additionally the utility model provides a if the utility model discloses arbitrary friction welding equipment's welding method, through body control welding equipment's welding moving mode, through the rotational speed of hydraulic pump control stirring tool head.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out space vectorization SA on force position control parameters required by friction stir welding: the method comprises the steps of measuring all-directional external forces of a stirring tool head by using a three-dimensional force sensor, establishing a relation between the all-directional external forces of the stirring tool head and the space position and the speed of a mechanical arm of a robot, converting the space position of a friction stir welding track into the space position of the mechanical arm of the robot, and solving the relation between the position of the stirring tool head and the space speed of the mechanical arm of the robot.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: SB: acquiring mechanical arm position information of the robot, comparing and calculating an actual value | p | of the mechanical arm position with a set value | delta h | of the mechanical arm position, judging that the position is beyond expectation if the actual value is larger than the set value, performing over-value calculation at the moment, and executing mechanical arm returning after the over-value calculation is finished;
circularly executing the step SB until the step SB: and comparing the actual value | p | of the position of the mechanical arm with the set value | Δ h | of the position of the mechanical arm, and if the actual value is smaller than the set value, terminating the step SB.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: SC: and comparing the actual value t of the force of the stirring tool head at the position of the mechanical arm with the set force value delta F, if the actual value t is smaller than the theoretical value delta F, readjusting the position of the mechanical arm until the actual value is higher than the theoretical value, finishing positioning and entering a welding process.
Preferably, the actual value t of the force of the stirring tool head at the position of the mechanical arm is compared with the set force value Δ F, and if the actual value t is smaller than the theoretical value Δ F, PID control is performed to readjust the position of the mechanical arm.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: SD: the rotating speed of the stirring tool head is controlled by the hydraulic pump, and the oil supply amount of the hydraulic pump is adjusted by the adjusting valve, so that the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor is dynamically controlled.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and SE: the resistance of the stirring tool head of the robot is detected in real time, and when the resistance of the stirring tool head is too large, the working frequency of a hydraulic pump is increased, so that the working speed of a hydraulic motor is increased, and the resistance of the stirring tool head is balanced.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings. The drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings may be derived from those drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view at a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 the utility model discloses a friction stir welding equipment theory of operation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 the utility model discloses a friction stir welding equipment hydraulic pressure flow path schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a control method of the friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-welding robot, 11-first arm, 12-second arm, 13-third arm, 14-base, 2-hydraulic motor, 21-cylinder, 22-hydraulic pipe interface, 23-hydraulic pipeline, 24-hydraulic pump, 25-regulating valve, 3-stirring tool head, 4-switching disk, 5-workpiece, 6-controller.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts in the drawings, and thus, a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations, or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various structures, these structures should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one structure from another structure. Thus, a first structure discussed below may be termed a second structure without departing from the teachings of the disclosed concept. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic representations of exemplary embodiments, and that the blocks or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily required to practice the present disclosure and are, therefore, not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-5:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention relates to a (split type) friction stir welding apparatus, preferably for welding an aluminum alloy vehicle body, which is composed of a multi-axis welding robot 1 (which realizes multi-degree-of-freedom, flexible work), a hydraulic motor 2, a stirring tool head 3, and the like. The hydraulic motor 2 rotates at a high speed to drive the stirring tool head 3 to rotate at a high speed to do main motion, and the robot controls the motion track of the stirring tool head 3 to realize welding of the welding seam of the aluminum alloy sheet.
As shown in fig. 1, the friction stir welding device of the present invention is illustrated, comprising a body 1, a stirring tool head 3, and a hydraulic motor 2, wherein the hydraulic motor 2 comprises a cylinder 21 and a hydraulic pump 24, and the hydraulic pump 24 is communicated with the hydraulic motor 2 through a hydraulic pipeline 23;
the output end of the hydraulic motor 2 is fixedly connected with the stirring tool head 3, so that the hydraulic motor 2 can drive the stirring tool head 3 to rotate;
the other end of the hydraulic motor 2 opposite to the output end is fixedly connected with the welding robot 1.
The utility model discloses a steerable stirring tool head 3's of control hydraulic pump 24 rotational speed. The utility model discloses can choose for use the less hydraulic motor 2 of overall dimension. The driving speed of the hydraulic motor 2 may be preferred. The rotating speed range of the hydraulic motor 2 can be selected to realize stepless speed regulation within 0-1500 rpm.
The size of the stirring tool head 3 of the utility model can be optimized, and the size (diameter) can be selected from seven kinds of 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm.
The axial pressing force range of the stirring tool head 3 is 0-3 KN, and the axial pressing force can be provided by the welding robot 1.
The material of the stirring tool head 3 can adopt martensitic stainless steel (tool steel) with high temperature resistance, wear resistance and high cost performance.
As shown in fig. 2, the hydraulic motor 2 is further provided with a hydraulic pipe connection 22, and one end of a hydraulic line 23 is connected to the hydraulic pipe connection 22, and the other end is connected to a hydraulic pump 24.
Preferably, the welding robot 1 includes a plurality of robot arms and a base 14, and the base 14 provides rotational support to the plurality of robot arms.
Preferably, the plurality of robot arms includes a first arm 11, a second arm 12, and a third arm 13, the third arm 13 is rotatably supported on a base 14, one end of the second arm 12 is rotatably connected to the third arm 13, and the other end of the second arm 12 is rotatably connected to the first arm 11.
Preferably, the other end of the hydraulic motor 2 is fixedly connected to the first arm 11 of the body 1.
The utility model discloses a fixed connection can be for bolt, fixed modes such as screw.
Preferably, the other end of the hydraulic motor 2 is fixedly connected to the first arm 11 via the switching plate 4.
The switching disk serves as a switching disk, which is equivalent to a connecting disk, for the fixed connection between the first arm 11 and the hydraulic motor 2.
Preferably, the friction stir welding device is used for welding of aluminium or aluminium alloy profiles.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy profile is used for a body frame of an automobile.
Preferably, the size of the hydraulic motor 2: a length of less than or equal to 332mm and a maximum diameter of less than or equal to 130 mm; the length of the stirring tool head 3 is less than or equal to 85mm, and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 50 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, a welding method of the friction welding device according to any of the present invention is illustrated, wherein the workpiece 5 and the welding direction are illustrated, the welding moving mode of the welding device is controlled by the welding robot 1, and the rotating speed of the stirring tool head 3 is controlled by the hydraulic pump 24, so as to achieve friction welding.
The principles and processes of the present invention are further described below: the utility model discloses the first 3 materials of stirring tool mainly are W12Cr4V5Co5 tool steel, according to station welding condition, select stirring tool head 3 basic dimension and hydraulic motor 2 overall dimension.
The output end of the hydraulic motor 2 is fixedly connected with the stirring tool head 3, the output end of the hydraulic motor 2 is usually a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is a rotating shaft with a polygonal outer peripheral surface or a rotating shaft with a polygonal groove, and the joint of the stirring tool head 3 and the rotating shaft can be provided with the polygonal groove matched with the polygonal outer peripheral surface or the polygonal outer peripheral surface matched with the polygonal groove. Of course, other types of connection such as a spline fit may be used.
The other end of the hydraulic motor 2 opposite to the output end is fixedly connected with the welding robot 1, and the connection mode can adopt fixing modes such as bolts, pins and the like. Alternatively, the hydraulic motor 2 is connected to the welding robot 1 through the robot switching disk 4; switching dish 4 is middle connecting piece, and the one end of switching dish 4 is connected with welding robot 1, and the other end and the hydraulic motor 2 fixed connection of switching dish 4. The fixing mode can adopt common fixing connection modes such as bolts, pins and the like.
The hydraulic line 23 (high pressure tubing) may be a rubber tube with steel wires added inside, and may be in the form of a bolt-nut connection, one end of which is mounted on the hydraulic line connector 22 of the high speed hydraulic motor 2, passes through a robot line pack (not shown), and the other end of which is connected to the connector of the hydraulic pump 24. The welding robot 1 is fixed at a proper position of a vehicle body welding production line, and a robot pipeline packet (matched with the welding robot 1) is installed on the welding robot 1. The hydraulic pump 24 is installed near the base 14 of the welding robot 1.
The speed regulating device regulates the rotation speed of the output end of the hydraulic motor 2 by controlling the rotation speed of the hydraulic pump 24, thereby realizing the regulation of the rotation speed of the stirring tool head 3.
The welding robot 1 can control the motion track of the stirring tool head 3 through online teaching or programming in advance, for example, the movement of the stirring tool head 3 can be realized through the matching of a plurality of arms of the robot and the movement of the base 14.
The hydraulic motor 2, the outer dimensions of the tool head 3, the material of the tool head 3, the rotational speed of the tool head 3, the axial pressure and the feed speed in the welding direction can be set specifically according to the actual situation.
The material of the friction stir welding equipment head (stirring tool head 3) can be replaced by the material with better performance such as medium carbon steel, high carbon steel and the like. The high-speed hydraulic motor 2 can be rotated at a speed higher than 1500 rpm, and the smaller the outer dimension, the better the welding accessibility.
The utility model discloses 2 overall dimension of hydraulic motor who uses: the length is less than or equal to 332mm, and the maximum diameter length is less than or equal to 130 mm. The length of the stirring head is less than or equal to 85mm, and the length of the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 50mm, and the external dimension of the tool end is greatly reduced, so that the welding accessibility of all vehicle body welding seams can be realized.
The utility model discloses 2 drive stirring tool heads of hydraulic motor 3 combine with welding robot 1, can realize the friction stir welding of car body aluminum alloy sheet metal three-dimensional curve welding seam.
As shown in fig. 4, a hydraulic flow path diagram of a welding apparatus is illustrated, wherein the power source: to supply power to the entire system, the controller 6: controlling the robot 1 to act, receiving welding process parameters and providing feedback control according to a corresponding algorithm; hydraulic cylinder for oil storage, constant delivery pump (hydraulic pump 24): for supplying the hydraulic motor with oil, the flow regulating valve 25: balance oil circuit system pressure, welding robot 1: controlling the hydraulic motor 2 to operate, the hydraulic motor 2: providing working power for the stirring tool head 3; in the welding process, the workpiece is fixed on a positioning fixture, the robot 1 is started to enter a welding station after the controller 1 receives the workpiece positioning completion, the controller 6 detects the joint (mechanical arm) positioning of the robot 1 and the resistance of the friction welding stirring tool head 3 constantly, when the resistance is too large, the controller 6 increases the working frequency of the quantitative pump, the working speed of the hydraulic motor 2 is increased, and the resistance of the stirring tool head 3 is balanced.
As shown in fig. 5, illustrating the welding method of the present invention, the force position control parameter space vectorization required by friction stir welding is performed, and the three-dimensional force sensor is used to measure the forces in all directions, so as to establish the relation between the force of the welding tool head 3 (robot end) and the space velocity of the mechanical arm (joint); and converting the space position of the friction stir welding track into a joint space position, solving the relation between the tail end position of the robot 1 and the joint space speed, and establishing a force/position/rotating speed hybrid control system based on friction stir welding.
The position control principle is as follows: the welding system controller obtains the key arm information of the robot, compares an actual value | p | with a joint arm set value | delta h | through a system preset program to carry out comparison operation, judges that the position is beyond expectation if the actual value is larger than the set value, carries out exceeding value calculation at the moment, carries out joint arm return by the system after the exceeding value calculation is finished, records and stores the position information, and reads and confirms the joint arm information. And executing a force control detection process until the system detects that the actual value | p | of the articulated arm is smaller than the set value | delta h |.
Force control principle: the force solving process is basically consistent with the position control principle, namely the actual value t of the force when the articulated arm is in place is compared with the set force value delta F, if the actual value t is smaller than the theoretical value delta F, PID control is carried out, the position of the articulated arm is readjusted, and if the actual value is known to be higher than the theoretical value, the positioning is finished, and the welding process is started; and in the welding process, PID control is still carried out.
Principle of rotation speed control: the welding control system outputs a command to the regulating valve 25 (relief function) to regulate the amount of oil supplied to the constant delivery pump, thereby dynamically controlling the rotational speed of the motor.
The utility model discloses an above-mentioned welding control method, the control of realization power that can be convenient, the adjustment realizes good welding effect.
The utility model discloses hydraulic motor 2 drive stirring tool head 3 combines with welding robot 1, has miniaturized characteristics, combines the utility model discloses a control method can realize the friction stir welding of car body aluminum alloy sheet metal three-dimensional curve welding seam.
Has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has at least:
1. the hydraulic motor 2 with small overall dimension replaces a high-speed motor, the overall dimension of a driving device of the friction stir welding equipment is reduced, and welding accessibility under complex curved surfaces and complex clamp mechanisms can be realized.
2. By improving the welding accessibility of the friction stir welding, the friction stir welding is applied to important parts on the car body to replace the MIG welding/riveting process, the mechanical property of a welding joint is greatly improved, the welding deformation is reduced, and the refinement level of the appearance of the whole car is improved.
3. By widely applying friction stir welding, compared with arc welding, the manufacturing cost of the product is greatly reduced (no welding wire is added, no protective gas is used, no water is consumed, and no gas is consumed).
4. The friction stir welding process is combined with the welding robot 1 to realize the friction stir welding of the three-dimensional complex weld joint of the aluminum alloy sheet of the automobile body.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements, instrumentalities, or instrumentalities described herein; on the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A friction stir welding device comprises a welding robot (1), a stirring tool head (3); wherein, welding robot (1) includes at least one arm, its characterized in that: the hydraulic pump also comprises a hydraulic motor (2), a hydraulic pipeline (23) and a hydraulic pump (24); the hydraulic pump (24) is communicated with the hydraulic motor (21) through a hydraulic pipeline (23);
the output end of the hydraulic motor (21) is fixedly connected with the stirring tool head (3), so that the hydraulic motor (2) can drive the stirring tool head (3) to rotate;
the other end of the hydraulic motor (21) opposite to the output end is fixedly connected with at least one mechanical arm.
2. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein: the welding robot (1) further comprises a base (14), the at least one mechanical arm is multiple, and the base (14) provides rotary support for the multiple mechanical arms.
3. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein: the plurality of mechanical arms comprise a first arm (11), a second arm (12) and a third arm (13), the third arm (13) is rotatably supported on a base (14), one end of the second arm (12) is rotatably connected with the third arm (13), and the other end of the second arm (12) is rotatably connected with the first arm (11).
4. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein: the other end of the hydraulic motor (21) is fixedly connected with the first arm (11).
5. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein: the other end of the hydraulic motor (21) is fixedly connected with the first arm (11) through a switching disc (4).
6. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in any of claims 1-5 wherein: the friction stir welding equipment is used for welding aluminum or aluminum alloy profiles.
7. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein: the aluminum or aluminum alloy profile is used for a body frame of an automobile.
8. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1-5, 7 wherein: size of hydraulic motor (21): the length is less than or equal to 332mm and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 130 mm.
9. A friction stir welding apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1-5, 7 wherein: the length of the stirring tool head (3) is less than or equal to 85mm, and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 50 mm.
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| CN201922014899.3U CN211331777U (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Friction stir welding equipment |
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| CN201922014899.3U CN211331777U (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Friction stir welding equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110814510A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽必达新能源汽车产业研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding equipment and welding method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110814510A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽必达新能源汽车产业研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding equipment and welding method thereof |
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