CN211317567U - Absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor - Google Patents
Absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN211317567U CN211317567U CN202020009084.6U CN202020009084U CN211317567U CN 211317567 U CN211317567 U CN 211317567U CN 202020009084 U CN202020009084 U CN 202020009084U CN 211317567 U CN211317567 U CN 211317567U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an absolute formula ultrasonic wave magnetostriction temperature sensor. The sensor comprises the following components: the device comprises a measuring rod, a transmitter, a magnetostrictive waveguide wire, a detection coil, a circular permanent magnet, a waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve, a control sampling module, a pulse generating circuit and a cable; the upper part of the measuring rod is a cylindrical component bin, and the lower part of the measuring rod is a waveguide wire shell; the wave guide wire shell is a linear measuring rod, a planar measuring rod or a three-dimensional measuring rod; the utility model discloses based on the stronger original output signal of measuring stick, accessible connecting cable sets up the changer at the remote control end, further improves reliability and maintainability etc..
Description
Technical Field
The utility model discloses be applied to temperature sensor field with magnetostrictive Fe-Ga, Fe-Co material, mainly relate to absolute formula ultrasonic wave magnetostrictive temperature sensor based on Fe-Ga, Fe-Co material, can be applied to temperature and temperature gradient measurement on a large scale under complicated abominable operating mode such as high temperature, high pressure, closed environment and strong vibrations.
Background
Ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensors have the potential to provide reliable temperature measurements for many applications, including temperature monitoring and spatial temperature distribution display of real-time temperatures and the entire industrial process in places where temperature monitoring is critical, such as glass and low-melting metal melting, processing industries, nuclear power plants, and the like. Thermocouples, thermal resistors and radiation pyrometers commonly used in industry have many problems, such as: the thermocouple and the thermal resistance temperature sensor are often influenced by temperature drift in the long-term working process, the amplitude of the output signal voltage is small, the output signal voltage is easy to be interfered by electromagnetism and difficult to transmit in a long distance, and one sensor can only measure the temperature of one position; radiation pyrometers are designed and manufactured as a function of the radiation energy of an object over a range of wavelengths and its temperature, and require a line of sight between the surface being measured and the radiation thermometer, which is not generally feasible in closed industrial high temperature processes. However, in some industrial applications, the temperature of different positions must be monitored, for example, the temperature gradient measurement of high-temperature fluid at the positions of a booster, a reheater and the like in a nuclear pressurized water reactor, a diesel engine, a steam turbine and other engine cylinders in the energy field; measuring the temperature of multiple layers of hot working media (steam, water and the like) such as a boiler, a steam drum and the like, and measuring the temperature gradient in a single medium; important power equipment such as a transformer and the like judges the local overheating condition and carries out multipoint temperature measurement in a temperature rise test; in order to ensure that the conversion rate of feed gas or liquid reaches the requirement in large-scale equipment such as reactors in the fields of petroleum, chemical engineering and the like, multipoint temperature measurement on different heights of a catalyst bed layer and measurement of temperature gradient in synthesis and process monitoring of other materials and the like are carried out. Furthermore, failure of the connection point in the thermocouple is also of concern, particularly when used in high temperature and high vibration environments, and the required compensating wires also impose many limitations in use and increase costs.
Therefore, a need exists for a temperature sensor alternative that is multi-position sensing, more reliable, and adaptable to complex and harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, closed environments, and strong vibrations. New high curie temperature magnetostrictive materials and ultrasonic guided wave technology have the potential to address these limitations. The applicant works systematically on the development of magnetostrictive waveguide wires in the earlier stage, and prepares Fe-Ga and Fe-Co magnetostrictive alloy wires (phi is 0.5-0.8 mm) by optimizing alloy components and a processing technology, the Curie temperatures of the two alloy wires are above 650 ℃, the Weidman effect is obvious, and the requirement that a temperature sensor still has stable and reliable ferromagnetism when working in a high-temperature environment can be met.
The axisymmetric torsional mode is a detection mode commonly used in ultrasonic guided waves, in particular a T (0,1) mode excited in a waveguide lead screw model. The wave packet structure of the T (0,1) mode is simple, the incident signal can keep a signal waveform in the transmission process, and the signal is transmitted for a longer distance and is attenuated less; the propagation speed of the modal guided wave is basically not influenced by frequency change in a certain frequency range, namely the modal guided wave has good non-frequency dispersion characteristics; only circumferential vibration displacement is adopted, radial displacement is not adopted, energy leakage is less in the guided wave propagation process, and detection is easy. The ultrasonic wave velocity in the area can be obtained by using the waveguide wire to support multistage temperature measurement of the torsional wave T (0,1) in a high-temperature environment through an ultrasonic waveguide technology and measuring the time difference of flight of the ultrasonic wave in a permanent magnet interval with two fixed positions. The material properties (shear modulus G and density ρ) that determine the torsional wave velocity are known to change due to temperature changes. And according to the function of the sound velocity and the temperature of the waveguide wire measured by experiments, the temperature of the surrounding medium in the area between the two permanent magnets is determined by detecting the sound velocity of the waveguide wire between the two permanent magnets.
The magnetostrictive waveguide wire based temperature sensing method has many advantages over conventional thermal resistance thermocouples, including high reliability absolute measurement, no connecting junctions that may fail, large amplitude of the active measurement output signal voltage, and the ability to plan multiple measurement zones in one waveguide wire.
In recent years, the research of ultrasonic thermometry documents focuses on the pulse reflection method, the resonance method and the pulse penetration method according to principle division. The resonance method is high in measurement accuracy but long in measurement time, and the penetration method requires two ultrasonic probes and cannot achieve spontaneous emission and spontaneous collection. Therefore, the focus of the current research is mainly a pulse reflection method, the structure diagram of the guided wave temperature measurement principle of the method is shown in fig. 1, and the main structure comprises an ultrasonic transducer 1, an energy concentrator 2, a waveguide rod 3, a scratch node 4 and an end face 5. The energy concentrator 2 is also called an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and energy is concentrated on a smaller radiation surface by amplifying mechanical vibration displacement or speed. The waveguide rod 3 is made of non-magnetostrictive materials such as thorium tungsten alloy, tungsten rhenium alloy, sapphire, stainless steel and the like, and the traditional waveguide material is mainly selected by taking the following three aspects into consideration: (1) under the environment of a temperature-measured field, the physical properties and chemical properties of materials except the modulus and the density cannot change along with the increase or decrease of the temperature; (2) the heat conduction capability is good, and the measured temperature value can be quickly reached; (3) has good sound conductivity. The core component of the ultrasonic transducer 1 is a piezoelectric wafer, the working principle of the ultrasonic transducer is that a high-voltage narrow-pulse excitation signal acts on the piezoelectric wafer to generate an inverse piezoelectric effect, electric energy is converted into mechanical energy to generate elastic waves, and the elastic waves are amplified and coupled to a waveguide rod through an energy concentrator; when receiving ultrasonic signals, ultrasonic reflection waves act on the piezoelectric wafer through the energy concentrator to generate a piezoelectric effect, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and the ultrasonic transducer and the energy concentrator are coupled through an oil film. The carved node 4 is a notch groove with a certain depth, which is manufactured at a position on the waveguide rod 3, away from the end face 5 and can reflect guided waves.
The technical scheme of the pulse reflection method guided wave temperature measurement is that ultrasonic waves are transmitted in a waveguide rod 2 during high-temperature detection, part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected when the ultrasonic waves are transmitted to an incised node 4, the node reflected waves are called, and the rest part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected when the ultrasonic waves are transmitted to an end face 5 of the waveguide rod, the node reflected waves are called end face reflected waves. If the distance from the carved node 4 to the end surface 5 of the waveguide rod is Δ S, the delay difference between the end surface reflected wave and the node reflected wave reflected to the sensor is Δ t, and the sound velocity c is: c is 2 Δ S/Δ t.
When ultrasonic waves are transmitted in a cylindrical waveguide rod made of uniform materials, the ultrasonic waves are reflected for multiple times at the boundary of the waveguide rod, so that the phenomena of geometric dispersion and complex interference occur in the waveguide rod. The ultrasonic echo signal analysis difficulty is large, the signal is small and is easy to interfere, and the method has the defects in practical application, is unreliable in industrial application, is difficult to realize large-scale commercial production and is mainly reflected in that: (1) the temperature measuring equipment based on the ultrasonic principle has complex analysis and large calculation amount, has hysteresis, and cannot realize online monitoring and real-time display of the measured temperature; (2) the ultrasonic guided-wave temperature measurement system transmits data to a PC (personal computer) for data processing and result display after high-speed signal acquisition, so that temperature measurement equipment is clumsy and cannot be miniaturized and portable; (3) the data processing and result display equipment is complex and high in cost; (4) the hysteresis characteristic and the characteristic of being easily influenced by temperature of the ultrasonic transducer limit the measurement accuracy (5), good surface coupling assembly is needed between the ultrasonic transducer and a waveguide material to realize optimal measurement, a coupling point is easily interfered by high temperature, high pressure, vibration and the like, good coupling is difficult to achieve when the diameter of the waveguide material is smaller (6) and the diameter mentioned in the document is 1.2mm at the minimum) in a complex industrial measurement environment, the thermal inertia of the transducer can be reduced by the small diameter, ultrasonic echo signals are difficult to analyze, the signals are small and easy to interfere, and the measurement under special temperature field structures such as large-range spatial positions and strong vibration is difficult to achieve.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the purpose provides a temperature sensor based on novel high Curie temperature magnetostrictive material and supersound guided wave technique to the not enough of existence among the prior art. The sensor uses the annular permanent magnet and the detection coil to replace an incised wound node and an ultrasonic transducer as a generating and receiving device of ultrasonic waves, and the annular permanent magnet and the detection coil are not directly contacted with a waveguide wire, so that only the relative positions of the permanent magnet and the detection coil are fixed and are not changed, and the sensor is not influenced by vibration and has no easily damaged connection points; according to the requirements of measuring the temperatures of different space positions in use, the temperature measuring unit can be bent into any space curve shape with the curvature radius not less than 10 times of the diameter in the temperature measuring area, and the minimum distance between the detection coil and the permanent magnet in the temperature measuring unit and between the detection coil and the two permanent magnets in the same temperature measuring unit. The utility model discloses based on the stronger original output signal of measuring stick, accessible connecting cable sets up the changer at the remote control end, further improves reliability and maintainability etc..
The technical scheme of the utility model is that:
an absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor, comprising: the device comprises a measuring rod, a transmitter, a magnetostrictive waveguide wire, a detection coil, a circular permanent magnet, a waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve, a control sampling module, a pulse generating circuit and a cable;
a pulse generating circuit and a control sampling module are fixed in the transmitter, the upper part of the transmitter is connected with the measuring rod through a cable, and the lower part of the transmitter is provided with a 220V power line and a signal line which are led out;
the upper part of the measuring rod is a cylindrical component bin, and the lower part of the measuring rod is a waveguide wire shell;
the wave guide wire shell is a linear measuring rod, a planar measuring rod or a three-dimensional measuring rod;
the internal composition of the cylindrical element bin is one of the following two types:
first, when the waveguide wire shell is a linear measuring rod,
a detection coil and a constant-elasticity device are arranged in the cylindrical element bin;
the constant-elasticity device comprises a base, a simply supported beam elastic sheet and a damper (a first damper); the base is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical element bin and is of a vertical inverted L-shaped structure, and the top of the vertical plate of the base is a transverse plate protruding to the right side; a simply supported beam elastic sheet is erected on the lower wall on the right side of the vertical plate, a first damper is attached to the simply supported beam elastic sheet, the top end of a waveguide wire is fixed to the lower surface of a transverse plate of the base, the lower portion of the waveguide wire sequentially penetrates through the damper, the detection coil and the lower portion of the cylindrical element bin, and the tail end of the waveguide wire is fixed to the bottom end of a waveguide wire shell through another damper (second damper); the part of the waveguide wire, which penetrates through the first damping and detection coil, is in a vertical state, and an included angle of 15-25 degrees is formed between the top end of the waveguide wire and the part of the waveguide wire with the first damping and the vertical direction;
alternatively, the first, second,
a detection coil is arranged in the cylindrical element bin; the detection coil is arranged at the axis of the element bin, the upper end of the waveguide wire is fixed at the top end of the inner wall of the outer shell of the element bin in an insulating way, and the lower part of the waveguide wire sequentially penetrates through the damping coil, the detection coil and the lower part of the cylindrical element bin;
the part of the waveguide wire below the cylindrical element bin is sequentially sleeved with n interval temperature measuring units and a ring-shaped permanent magnet (tail end ring-shaped permanent magnet) from top to bottom, the tail end of the ring-shaped permanent magnet is provided with a second damper, and n is 1-50; each interval temperature measuring unit is sequentially provided with an annular permanent magnet (interval annular permanent magnet) and m guide wire insulating fixed sleeves from top to bottom, wherein m is 1-5; wherein, the diameters of the circular permanent magnet 6 and the waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve are the same; the distance between every two adjacent guide wire insulating fixing sleeves is 0.2-1.0 mm;
the top of the cylindrical element bin is connected with a transmitter through a cable led out by a cable connector; the center of the lower part of the screw is provided with a screw thread; the outer side of the bottom is also provided with a threaded flange;
all the annular permanent magnets are the same in length and are 2-5 mm; the lengths of the guide wire insulating fixing sleeves in the temperature measuring units in different intervals are the same or different, and the length range is 5-100 mm.
The shell of the waveguide wire of the linear measuring rod is a stainless steel straight pipe;
the shell of the stainless steel spiral tube with the wave guide wire shell of the planar measuring rod is in a spiral corrugated structure, and the shape of the shell is a planar vortex line;
the wave guide wire shell of the three-dimensional measuring rod is a stainless steel spiral pipe with a cylindrical spiral corrugated structure, and the shell is in a cylindrical spiral line shape;
the detection coil is a hollow cylinder wound by the enameled wire and is wound by 300-1500 turns.
Wherein the electrical connection is: two ends of a magnetostrictive waveguide wire in the measuring rod are respectively connected with a pulse generating circuit in the transmitter through cables, and two ends of a detection coil in the measuring rod are respectively connected with a control sampling module in the transmitter through cables; and a pulse generating circuit in the transmitter is connected with the control sampling module.
The magnetostrictive waveguide wire is made of filamentous Fe-Ga or Fe-Co materials.
The circular permanent magnet is made of samarium cobalt YX28, and the inner side of the circular permanent magnet is insulated.
The waveguide fiber insulating fixing sleeve is made of an alumina ceramic tube.
The damping is mesoporous silica aerogel.
The utility model discloses a substantive characteristics do:
when the temperature sensor works, the pulse generating circuit generates pulse voltage to be applied to two ends of the waveguide wire, the pulse can generate a circumferential magnetic field, and when the circumferential magnetic field is transmitted to the position of the movable magnetic ring, the circumferential magnetic field is superposed with an axial magnetic field generated by the magnetic ring to form a spiral magnetic field. Based on widemann effect, the waveguide filament is instantaneously deformed and generates torsional waves, and the torsional waves are transmitted to two ends of the waveguide filament at a certain speed. And respectively measuring the ultrasonic flight time from the positions of the two magnetic rings in the temperature measuring interval to the detection coil according to the time interval between the moment when the detection coil senses the torsion wave signal of the movable magnetic ring and the moment when the driving pulse is generated, and calculating the difference. The time-of-flight difference is used to determine the average temperature of the waveguide wire material, thereby sensing the temperature of the surrounding medium in the region between the two permanent magnets. The temperature sensor is a multi-position sensing, more reliable, and can adapt to complex and severe working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration and the like, and the temperature measuring interval can be reconfigured according to requirements.
The core part of the displacement sensor is a high Curie temperature magnetostrictive material waveguide wire, an annular permanent magnet, a detection coil, a constant elasticity device, a pulse circuit and a detection circuit. Its advantages are high measuring precision, high temp (up to 650 deg.C), no need of zero setting and calibration, and multi-point measurement.
The utility model has the advantages that:
at present, a thermocouple, a thermal resistor and a radiation pyrometer which are commonly used have many problems and cannot adapt to temperature measurement in environments such as vibration and sealing in the industry, and the design provides a temperature sensor based on a novel high-Curie-temperature magnetostrictive material and an ultrasonic guided wave technology.
The concrete expression is as follows:
1. the temperature detection scheme that this patent provided, structure and principle are different with traditional sensor: the closed structure is superior to a radiation pyrometer, can be used in a closed high-pressure environment and is not limited by visible light; the thermocouple is superior to a thermocouple because the thermocouple does not contain easily-damaged parts such as a connecting junction and the like, and has better use reliability in a strong vibration environment; the absolute measurement is superior to thermocouple and thermal resistor, the temperature is only related to the measurement wave speed, and the sensor is not affected by temperature drift in the long-term working process without compensating wires.
2. The measurement function of the sensor is enriched, a plurality of measurement areas are planned in one waveguide wire according to requirements, and temperature gradient data can be obtained through simultaneous multipoint measurement. The waveguide wire is not limited to a straight line shape, and can be bent to be an arbitrary space curve shape with the curvature radius not less than 10 times of the diameter in a temperature measuring area according to the requirements of measuring the temperatures of different space positions in use. The flexibility of measuring the temperature of a plurality of spatial positions on the waveguide wire is realized, only one set of detection system is needed for multi-position measurement, and the advantage of higher cost is provided for the traditional temperature sensor.
3. Ultrasonic waves are emitted by utilizing the Wednman effect of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga and Fe-Co filamentous materials, and the space temperature of a medium around the sensor is detected according to the ultrasonic sound velocity measured between the two permanent magnets. The waveguide wire is made of Fe-Ga or Fe-Co materials, is a magnetostrictive material with high Curie temperature, has the Curie temperature of not less than 650 ℃, has strong Weidman effect, outputs high signal voltage amplitude and is suitable for long-distance transmission. And the voltage amplitude is not used as a detection basis, so that a complex phase-locked detection circuit is avoided, and the accuracy is improved. Since there is no coupling problem due to the generation of the torsional wave, the diameter of the waveguide wire can be reduced to reduce the measurement lag due to thermal inertia.
4. In order to ensure that the waveguide wire is measured under constant tension at high temperature, a constant-elasticity device is arranged on the end face of one side of the waveguide wire detection coil. The reduction of output voltage caused by tensile stress is prevented, the measurement error caused by the relative displacement between the waveguide wire and other devices due to the thermal expansion rate is prevented, and the effect of replacing damping to inhibit echo noise is achieved.
5. Based on the improvement, the configuration of each part is optimized through a large number of experiments, the magnetostrictive temperature sensor is designed, 600 circles of detection coils are obtained through the experiments, excitation pulses are square pulse waves with the amplitude of 30V, the frequency of 1800Hz and the pulse width of 7 microseconds, the generated output voltage is the maximum, and a fitting curve T of the sound velocity and the temperature is measured to be 7595.65142-2.80157V which can be used as the basis for detecting the temperature.
6. Compared with a pulse reflection method guided wave temperature measuring device, the ultrasonic transducer applied with 500-50V pulse voltage (due to different types and coupling conditions of piezoelectric probes, the applied voltage has great difference) needs to obtain output of about 1V under 80dB gain (amplified by 10000 times). The design has stronger original output signals (without an amplifier) at the position of the measuring rod, can directly set a transmitter at a remote control end through a connecting cable, further improves the reliability and maintainability, and can be applied to complex and severe working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, closed environment, strong vibration and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the principle of guided wave temperature measurement by the current pulse reflection method;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a constant elasticity device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a linear measurement bar;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a planar measuring rod;
fig. 6(a) is a front view of a three-dimensional measuring stick, and fig. 6(b) is a perspective view of the three-dimensional measuring stick;
FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a temperature measuring section of the planar measuring rod and the three-dimensional measuring rod;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of detection of Fe-Ga wave-guide wire at different temperatures;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the wave velocity of a torsional wave fitted to the temperature;
FIG. 10 is a graph of measurement bar output voltage;
FIG. 11 shows the measured output temperature profile.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The present embodiment is merely a specific description of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection.
Absolute formula ultrasonic wave magnetostrictive temperature sensor's structure as shown in figure 2, include: the device comprises a measuring rod 1, a transmitter 2, a magnetostrictive waveguide wire 3, a detection coil 4, a circular permanent magnet 6, a waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve 7, a control sampling module 8, a pulse generating circuit 9 and a cable 12;
the upper part of the measuring rod shell 1 is a cylindrical element bin, the lower part of the measuring rod shell is a waveguide wire shell, and the measuring rod shell is made of non-ferromagnetic stainless steel and can resist temperature of 800 ℃;
the wave guide wire shell is a linear measuring rod, a planar measuring rod or a three-dimensional measuring rod;
the cylindrical element bin structure is one of the following two types:
first, when the waveguide wire shell is a linear measuring rod,
a detection coil 4 and a constant-elasticity device 5 are arranged in the cylindrical element bin; the top is connected with the transmitter 2 through a cable 12 led out from a cable connector 13; the center of the lower part is provided with threads for connecting the waveguide fiber shell; the outer side of the bottom is also provided with a threaded flange 11 for fixing the sensor on a device to be tested;
the size of the cylindrical element bin is phi 30mm plus 60 mm; the cable connector 13 meets the requirement of IP67 protection level in the inserted state;
the constant-elasticity device 5 is positioned in the cylindrical component bin of the measuring rod 1, and the supporting waveguide wire 3 is relatively parallel to the cylindrical pipe in the measuring rod 1. The structure is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a base 14, a simply supported beam spring 52 and a damper 51 (first damper); the base 14 is a vertical inverted L-shaped structure, and the top of a vertical plate is a transverse plate protruding to the right side; a simply supported beam elastic sheet 52 is erected on the lower wall on the right side of the vertical plate, a first damper is attached to the simply supported beam elastic sheet 52, the top end of the waveguide wire 3 is fixed on the lower surface of the transverse plate of the base 14, the lower part of the waveguide wire 3 penetrates through the damper 51 and the center of the detection coil 4, and the tail end of the waveguide wire 3 passes through another damper 51 (second damper) and is fixed at the bottom end of the waveguide wire shell; wherein, the part of the waveguide wire 3 passing through the first damping and detection coil 4 is in a vertical state, and the part from the top end of the waveguide wire 3 to the waveguide wire 3 of the first damping forms an included angle of 15-25 degrees with the vertical direction;
the waveguide wire 3 is sleeved with n interval temperature measuring units from top to bottom in sequence at the part below the cylindrical element bin, the tail end of the interval temperature measuring unit is provided with a circular permanent magnet 6(a tail end circular permanent magnet), and n is 1-10; each interval temperature measuring unit is sequentially provided with an annular permanent magnet 6 (interval annular permanent magnet) and m guide wire insulating fixed sleeves 7 from top to bottom, wherein m is 1-5; wherein, the diameters of the annular permanent magnet 6 and the waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve 7 are the same; the distance between the adjacent guide wire insulating fixing sleeves 7 is 0.2-1.0 mm (the gap can be filled and fixed by a high-temperature resistant inorganic nano composite binder-the utility model particularly uses ZS-1071 high-temperature resistant inorganic binder of Hebei Zhi Shengwei Huate paint Limited company, the part of the waveguide wire 3 below the cylindrical element bin is also sleeved with a waveguide wire shell by a thread flange 11;
in the sensor of the utility model, all the annular permanent magnets 6 have the same length, 2-5 mm, specifically 3mm in the embodiment; the lengths of the guide wire insulating fixing sleeves 7 in the temperature measuring units in different intervals are the same or different, and the length range is 5-100 mm.
One end of the waveguide wire 3 is fixed on the tail base 14 of the shell of the measuring rod 1, the other end of the waveguide wire is sleeved in the damper 51 and erected on the elastic sheet 52 of the simply supported beam, and the waveguide wire is fixed on the base 14 which is 10cm away from the simply supported beam by tensile stress of 1Mpa in the direction of an included angle of 20 degrees with the vertical direction after bypassing the beam sheet. The base 14 is in an inverted L shape and is fixed at the left end of the cylindrical element bin; the lower edge of the top protruding part is fixedly connected with the top end of the waveguide wire 3; ) The simply supported beam spring 52 is erected under the waveguide wire sleeved with the damping 51, and one end of the simply supported beam 52 is hinged with one end of the base 14 and is fixed. Due to the pretension of the waveguide wire 3, the simply supported beam elastic sheet 22 bears certain positive bending moment. The simple beam elastic sheet 52 made of the constant-elasticity alloy material is perpendicular to the waveguide wire to apply constant stress, and the elasticity of the simple beam elastic sheet 52 does not change along with the temperature when the temperature changes, so that the tension applied to the waveguide wire 3 is constant. The damper 51 is made of mesoporous silica aerogel and is embedded on the waveguide wire to block heat transfer and sound transmission and inhibit echo noise; the simply supported beam elastic sheet 52 is made of 3J53 constant elastic alloy, has the size of 50mm 30mm 1.5mm, and is erected below a waveguide wire sleeved with a damper 51; the support 14 is used as a part of the measuring rod 1, stainless steel with the material number of 430 is used, a slope angle of 10 degrees is formed between the stainless steel and the horizontal direction, and one end of the support simply supported beam is hinged with one end of the support and fixed. The device is suitable for adjusting stress and absorbing torsional wave signals reflected by the fixed end by using a simple beam structure in high-temperature environments with different temperatures.
Alternatively, the first, second,
a detection coil 4 is arranged in the cylindrical element bin; the detection coil 4 is installed at the axis of the element bin, the waveguide wire 3 vertically penetrates through the detection coil 4, the upper end of the waveguide wire is fixed at the top end of the inner wall of the shell of the element bin in an insulating mode (fixed in an insulating mode and electrically insulated from the shell), the lower end of the waveguide wire is not fixed and can extend freely, and the two ends of the waveguide wire are electrically connected with the first end of the waveguide wire.
In the second method, the two ends of the waveguide wire are not influenced by the tension force to transmit the ultrasonic torsional wave, and only the detection is interfered in the vibration working condition, the upper end is fixed to ensure that the waveguide wire does not move up and down in the shell, and the lower end passes through the damper 51 to ensure that the waveguide wire does not move left and right.
The waveguide wire shell is a linear measuring rod (figure 4), a planar measuring rod (figure 5) and a three-dimensional measuring rod (figure 6(a) and figure 6 (b)).
The magnetostrictive waveguide wire 3 is arranged in the waveguide wire shell, and is sleeved with a circular permanent magnet 6 and a waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve 7 at intervals, and the linear measuring rod (figure 4), the planar measuring rod (figure 5) and the three-dimensional measuring rod (figures 6(a) and 6(b)) have different shapes;
the shell of the waveguide wire of the linear measuring rod (figure 4) is a stainless steel straight pipe, the inner diameter is 10mm, the wall thickness is 2mm, and the length is 1000 mm; the upper part of the waveguide wire 3 passes through the detection coil 4 and is arranged in the cylindrical element bin, the top end of the waveguide wire is fixed on a constant-elasticity device 5 (fixed in an insulating way and electrically insulated from the shell) in the cylindrical element bin, and the tail end of the waveguide wire is fixed at the bottom of the tubular measuring rod (fixed in an insulating way and electrically insulated from the shell) through a damper 51;
the wave guide wire shell of the planar measuring rod (figure 5) is made of a stainless steel spiral pipe with a cylindrical spiral corrugated structure, the inner diameter of the stainless steel spiral pipe is 10mm, the wall thickness of the stainless steel spiral pipe is 3mm, the shell is in a planar vortex line shape, the radius of an inscribed circle is 100mm, the thread pitch is 50mm, and the number of turns is 3; the upper part of the waveguide wire 3 penetrates through the detection coil 4 and is arranged in the cylindrical element bin, the end parts of the two ends of the waveguide wire penetrate through the damper 51, then the two ends of the waveguide wire extend freely and are not fixed, and the constant-elasticity device 5 is not arranged;
the material of the wave guide wire shell of the three-dimensional measuring rod (figure 6(a) and figure 6(b)) is a stainless steel spiral pipe with a cylindrical spiral corrugated structure, the inner diameter is 10mm, the wall thickness is 3mm, the shape of the shell is a cylindrical spiral line, the spiral line radius is 100mm, the thread pitch is 50mm, and the number of turns is 3; the upper part of the waveguide wire 3 penetrates through the detection coil 4 and is arranged in the cylindrical element bin, the end parts of the two ends of the waveguide wire penetrate through the damper 51, then the two ends of the waveguide wire extend freely and are not fixed, and the constant-elasticity device 5 is not arranged;
the transmitter 2 is internally fixed with a pulse generating circuit 9 and a control sampling module 8, the upper part of the transmitter is connected with the measuring rod 1 through a cable 12, and the lower part of the transmitter is provided with a 220V power line 21 leading from the outside into the pulse generating circuit 9 and a signal line 22 leading from the control sampling module 8 to the outside for outputting a displacement signal;
the magnetostrictive waveguide wire 3 is arranged in the measuring rod 1 and is made of filamentous Fe-Ga or Fe-Co materials, and the diameter of the magnetostrictive waveguide wire is 0.5 mm. Two ends of a waveguide wire 3 in the linear measuring rod penetrate through the damper 51 and then are fixed in the tubular measuring rod 1, and the waveguide wire 3 is subjected to tangential stress of a constant-elasticity device 5 and is tensioned at two ends by tensile stress of 1 Mpa; the free extension of the two ends of the waveguide wire 3 in the ring-shaped and spiral-shaped measuring rod after passing through the damper 51 is not fixed, and the constant-elasticity device 5 is not arranged. The wave guide wire positioned in the bin part of the cylindrical element of the measuring rod 1 is sleeved in the detection coil 4 to be used as a receiver of torsional elastic waves.
The detecting coil 4 has a wire diameter of 0.2mm (nominal wire diameter of 0.2mm, and nominal wire cross-sectional area of 0.03142 mm)2Maximum outer diameter of 0.239mm) enameled wire, winding into a hollow cylinder, winding 600 turns, sleeving the finished product with inner diameter of 4mm, outer diameter of 8mm and length of 15mm into the upper end of the waveguide fiber 3, locating in the cylindrical component bin of the measuring rod 1, and internally receiving an elastic torsional wave signal. By controlling miningThe sampling module 8 calculates the time interval from the pulse generation to the reception of the torsional wave signal.
The annular permanent magnet 6 provides a bias magnetic field. The permanent magnet internal diameter is 5mm, and the external diameter is 8mm, and thickness is 3 mm's samarium cobalt YX28, and the curie temperature is 800 ℃, and insulation treatment (inorganic high temperature electricity insulating coating, the utility model discloses a be specifically for north Hebei flourishing weihua special kind coating limited's ZS-1071 inorganic adhesive that is high temperature resistant, the coating thickness is less than 0.1mm) is done to the inboard. The number and location of uses can be configured as desired: in the scheme of the embodiment, two permanent magnets are used as a measuring interval, the set measuring interval is about 50mm, two blind areas are arranged at the axial position of the waveguide wire 3, the distance between the detecting coil 4 and the annular permanent magnet 6 closest to the axial distance of the waveguide wire 3 is 40mm, and the minimum distance between the bottom end of the measuring rod 1 and the annular permanent magnet 6 closest to the axial distance of the waveguide wire 3 is 90 mm.
The waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve 7 is sleeved on the waveguide wire 3, is made of an alumina ceramic tube with the inner diameter of 5mm and the outer diameter of 8mm, and is provided with 5 sections with the length of 10mm (as shown in fig. 7) in the planar measuring rod and the three-dimensional measuring rod according to the fact that the temperature measuring interval is about 50mm, and the length of the waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve 7 in the linear measuring rod is 50 mm; the waveguide wire insulating fixing sleeve 7 and the annular permanent magnets 6 are coaxially and adjacently arranged and arranged between the two annular permanent magnets 6, the thermal expansion rate of the waveguide wire insulating fixing sleeve is small and negligible, the waveguide wire insulating fixing sleeve is used for fixing the relative positions of the two annular permanent magnets 6, the length of the waveguide wire insulating fixing sleeve is the length of a temperature measuring interval, the waveguide wire insulating fixing sleeve can be used as insulation between the waveguide wire 3 and the shell of the measuring rod 1, and the torsional friction between the waveguide wire insulating fixing sleeve and the shell is.
The damper 51 is mesoporous silica aerogel, is a solid cylinder with the diameter and the length of 5mm, is embedded at two ends of the waveguide wire, dampens torsional vibration of the waveguide wire, and is not fixed with the shell of the measuring rod 1.
The waveguide wire can be used for measuring the temperature requirements of different space positions in use, the shape is not limited to a linear shape, the waveguide wire can be bent into any space curve shape with the curvature radius not smaller than 10 times of the diameter after being close to the first permanent magnet of the detection coil, for example, a plane spiral shape and a space spiral shape, a nonlinear structure is used, two ends are not tensioned, a constant-elasticity device is not used, the shell of the measuring rod changes along with the shape of the waveguide wire, and the output signal is slightly reduced but does not influence signal detection; fig. 6(a) and 6(b) show a measuring rod in the shape of a cylindrical spiral tube, the inner diameter of which is 10 mm.
And the control sampling module 8 is arranged in the transmitter 2 and is connected with the detection coil 4 through a cable 12. The method adopts a TDC which is a core chip and based on an ASIC or an FPGA and a peripheral circuit thereof (in the design, a Cyclone IV series FPGA chip EP4CE22E22C8N of ALTERA company and a high-resolution time-to-digital conversion chip TDC-GP22 of Germany ACAM company are adopted), a signal output by a detection coil 4 is converted into a timing pulse signal through differential amplification and hysteresis comparison, a time interval is measured through a time-to-digital converter TDC, a result temperature T is 7595.65142-2.80157 s/T by a known position difference of a magnetic ring in a temperature measurement interval and a preset waveguide wire sound velocity v-temperature T curve (T is 7595.65142-2.80157 v), and the method is transmitted through a signal line 22 and supports conventional digital analog signal output, and comprises the following steps: RS485, RS232 and current of 4 mA-20 mA.
The pulse generating circuit 9 is arranged in the transmitter 2 and is connected with the two ends of the waveguide wire 3 through other wires in the cable 12; it provides the direct current power supply through the power supply of 220V power cord 21, by AC-DC switching power supply circuit (the utility model discloses use circuit topology to adopt single-ended flyback circuit, also can adopt switching power supply topologies such as full-bridge LLC), produce narrow pulse signal through FPGA, keep apart the back through chip 6N137, through the control of drive MOSFET chip IRF740 break-make, the excitation of output pulse. Square pulse waves with the amplitude of 30V, the frequency of 1800Hz and the pulse width of 7 microseconds are generated and are added at the two ends of the waveguide wire 3 to generate a circumferential magnetic field.
Wherein, the electrical connection is that two ends of a magnetostrictive waveguide wire 3 in a measuring rod 1 are connected with a pulse generating circuit 9 in a transmitter 2 through a cable 12, and two ends of a detection coil 4 in the measuring rod 1 are connected with a control sampling module 8 in the transmitter 2 through the cable 12; pulse generating circuitry 9 within transmitter 2 is connected to control sampling module 8 via a plurality of bus lines to supply DC5V and 12V power thereto and to receive control signals therefrom.
Because the waveguide wire is different from the physical quantity measured by the displacement sensor, the design provides the optimization aiming at temperature measurement, such as ' any space curve shape (the waveguide wire of the displacement sensor is arranged in a straight line) which is bent in a temperature measuring area to be close to a temperature measuring field to be not less than 10 times of the radius of curvature of the waveguide wire in the temperature measuring area ', ' the minimum distance between a detection coil and a permanent magnet in a temperature measuring unit and between the detection coil and two permanent magnets in the same temperature measuring unit is specified, and the position of the permanent magnet is fixed relative to a measuring rod and is arranged in the measuring rod (the permanent magnet of the displacement sensor is arranged outside the measuring rod and moves along.
Example 1: the experiment was performed using a Fe-Ga waveguide wire and a permanent magnet. The main purpose of the embodiment is to verify the reliability of the device signal at high temperature and calculate the sound velocity of the waveguide wire at different temperatures.
Building an experiment platform: the detection coil is 100mm away from the top end of the waveguide wire, and the magnetic ring is 600mm away from the detection coil. Samarium cobalt is used as a magnetic ring, the magnetic ring is placed in a high-temperature furnace for testing at the temperature of 25-500 ℃, and an oscilloscope observes the output waveform of the detection coil.
Experimental procedures and results: as shown in FIG. 8, the temperature of the sensor device is increased from 25 ℃ to 500 ℃, and the detected voltage signal is gradually reduced along with the temperature increase, wherein the maximum voltage signal is 129.3mV, the minimum voltage signal is 21.5mV, the white noise is obviously distinguished, and the circuit detection is easy. According to the distance from the detection coil to the permanent magnet and the measured time, a fitted curve of the wave speed of the torsional wave at different temperatures is calculated, as shown in fig. 9.
Example 2: the accuracy of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor was verified using the apparatus shown in fig. 2.
Building an experiment platform: the detection coil is 10cm away from the top end of the waveguide wire, and the distance difference between the two permanent magnets is 80 mm. The sensors were placed in a high temperature oven and tested at 25 ℃ to 500 ℃.
Experimental procedures and results: as shown in fig. 10, an output voltage curve of the detection coil of the measuring rod is obtained, the first peak is an induced excitation pulse generated by the pulse generating circuit, the second and third peaks are respectively torsional waves generated at two permanent magnet positions in a measuring interval, a time difference between the second and third peaks is obtained by controlling the sampling module to measure the time interval, and a measured temperature curve can be obtained as shown in fig. 11 because the distance difference between the two permanent magnets is known.
The protocol or software involved in the measurement of the utility model is the known technology.
It can be seen from the above embodiments that the utility model discloses a Fe-Ga, Fe-Co waveguide silk, widened the range of application of magnetostrictive material under high temperature to the non-dispersibility that torsional wave propagation speed is slower and T (0,1) mode has been found, thereby has improved the sensitivity of device measurement. The time of flight of the ultrasonic waves generated by the positions of the two permanent magnets is measured, and the time of flight difference is used for determining the average torsional acoustic velocity of the waveguide wire material, so that the temperature of the surrounding medium in the area between the two permanent magnets is sensed. The temperature sensor is multi-position sensing, is more reliable, can be applied to large-range temperature and temperature gradient measurement under complex and severe working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, closed environment, strong vibration and the like, and can reconfigure a temperature measuring interval according to requirements.
The mechanism of the device is as follows: based on the development of ultrasonic detection technology in recent years, the novel temperature measuring device and the novel temperature measuring method are combined with high-temperature magnetostrictive materials. The temperature is detected by utilizing the Weidman effect of the magnetostrictive materials Fe-Ga and Fe-Co to actively generate ultrasonic sound velocity at the position of the permanent magnet in the temperature measuring interval. Compare existing pulse reflection method temperature measurement structure, redesign sensor structure is in order to exert the strong advantage that easily detects the reliability height of novel high temperature magnetostrictive material output signal, proposes following improvement: the ring-shaped permanent magnet and the detection coil replace an incised node and an ultrasonic transducer to be used as a generating and receiving device of ultrasonic waves, the ring-shaped permanent magnet and the detection coil are not in direct contact with the waveguide wire, only the relative positions of the permanent magnet and the detection coil are fixed and do not change, and the ring-shaped permanent magnet and the detection coil are not influenced by vibration and have no easily damaged connection points.
In order to enrich the application scene of the design, the following improvements are provided: two annular permanent magnets are used as basic structural units of a temperature measuring interval, and the temperature measuring area can be flexibly configured by changing the relative positions of the permanent magnets according to requirements; the shape of the waveguide wire is not limited to a straight line shape, and the waveguide wire can be bent into any space curve shape with the curvature radius not less than 10 times of the diameter in a temperature measuring area according to the requirements of measuring the temperatures of different space positions in use; based on the stronger output signal of this design, accessible connecting cable sets up the changer at remote control end, further improves reliability and maintainability etc..
Example 3: when the test was carried out using a Fe — Ga waveguide wire and a permanent magnet, and the measuring rod was planar, n was 1 and m was 5. The main purpose of the embodiment is to verify the reliability of the device signal at high temperature and calculate the sound velocity of the waveguide wire at different temperatures.
Building an experiment platform: the other steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and an oscilloscope observes the output waveform of the detection coil.
Experimental procedures and results: the temperature of the sensor device is increased from 25 ℃ to 500 ℃, and the detected voltage signal is gradually reduced along with the temperature increase, wherein the maximum voltage signal is 90.6mV, and the minimum voltage signal is 13.1 mV.
Example 4: when the test was carried out using an Fe — Ga waveguide wire and a permanent magnet, and the shape of the measuring rod was three-dimensional, n was 1 and m was 5. The main purpose of the embodiment is to verify the reliability of the device signal at high temperature and calculate the sound velocity of the waveguide wire at different temperatures.
Building an experiment platform: the other steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and an oscilloscope observes the output waveform of the detection coil.
Experimental procedures and results: the temperature of the sensor device is increased from 25 ℃ to 500 ℃, and the detected voltage signal is gradually reduced along with the temperature increase, and the maximum voltage signal is 91.3mV and the minimum voltage signal is 13.9 mV.
The utility model is not the best known technology.
Claims (4)
1. An absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor, characterized in that it comprises: the device comprises a measuring rod, a transmitter, a magnetostrictive waveguide wire, a detection coil, a circular permanent magnet, a waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve, a control sampling module, a pulse generating circuit and a cable;
a pulse generating circuit and a control sampling module are fixed in the transmitter, the upper part of the transmitter is connected with the measuring rod through a cable, and the lower part of the transmitter is provided with a 220V power line and a signal line which are led out;
the upper part of the measuring rod is a cylindrical component bin, and the lower part of the measuring rod is a waveguide wire shell;
the wave guide wire shell is a linear measuring rod, a planar measuring rod or a three-dimensional measuring rod;
the internal composition of the cylindrical element bin is one of the following two types:
first, when the waveguide wire shell is a linear measuring rod,
a detection coil and a constant-elasticity device are arranged in the cylindrical element bin;
the constant-elasticity device comprises a base, a simply supported beam elastic sheet and a damper, namely a first damper; the base is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical element bin and is of a vertical inverted L-shaped structure, and the top of the vertical plate of the base is a transverse plate protruding to the right side; a simple beam elastic sheet is erected on the lower wall on the right side of the vertical plate, a first damper is attached to the simple beam elastic sheet, the top end of a waveguide wire is fixed on the lower surface of a transverse plate of the base, the lower portion of the waveguide wire sequentially penetrates through the damper, the detection coil and the lower portion of the cylindrical element bin, and the tail end of the waveguide wire is fixed to the bottom end of a waveguide wire shell through another damper, namely a second damper; the part of the waveguide wire, which penetrates through the first damping and detection coil, is in a vertical state, and an included angle of 15-25 degrees is formed between the top end of the waveguide wire and the part of the waveguide wire with the first damping and the vertical direction;
alternatively, the first, second,
a detection coil is arranged in the cylindrical element bin; the detection coil is arranged at the axis of the element bin, the upper end of the waveguide wire is fixed at the top end of the inner wall of the outer shell of the element bin in an insulating way, and the lower part of the waveguide wire sequentially penetrates through the damping coil, the detection coil and the lower part of the cylindrical element bin;
the part of the waveguide wire below the cylindrical element bin is sequentially sleeved with n interval temperature measuring units and a circular permanent magnet, namely a tail end circular permanent magnet, from top to bottom, wherein the tail end of the circular permanent magnet is provided with a second damper, and n is 1-10; each interval temperature measuring unit sequentially comprises an annular permanent magnet, namely an interval annular permanent magnet and m guide wire insulating fixed sleeves from top to bottom, wherein m is 1-5; the diameters of the circular permanent magnet and the waveguide wire insulating fixed sleeve are the same; the distance between every two adjacent guide wire insulating fixing sleeves is 0.2-1.0 mm;
the top of the cylindrical element bin is connected with a transmitter through a cable led out by a cable connector; the center of the lower part of the screw is provided with a screw thread; the outer side of the bottom is also provided with a threaded flange;
wherein the electrical connection is: two ends of a magnetostrictive waveguide wire in the measuring rod are respectively connected with a pulse generating circuit in the transmitter through cables, and two ends of a detection coil in the measuring rod are respectively connected with a control sampling module in the transmitter through cables; and a pulse generating circuit in the transmitter is connected with the control sampling module.
2. The absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein all the ring-shaped permanent magnets have the same length of 2 to 5 mm; the lengths of the guide wire insulating fixing sleeves in the temperature measuring units in different intervals are the same or different, and the length range is 5-100 mm.
3. The absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the wire sheath of the linear measuring rod is a straight stainless steel tube;
the shell of the stainless steel spiral tube with the wave guide wire shell of the planar measuring rod is in a spiral corrugated structure, and the shape of the shell is a planar vortex line;
the wave guide wire shell of the three-dimensional measuring rod is a stainless steel spiral tube with a cylindrical spiral corrugated structure, and the shell is in a cylindrical spiral line shape.
4. The absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting coil is a hollow cylinder wound by enameled wires and is wound for 300 to 1500 turns.
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| CN111089660B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2024-03-22 | 河北工业大学 | Absolute ultrasonic magnetostrictive temperature sensor |
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