CN211315584U - Special target device for measuring midpoint triangular elevation of total station - Google Patents
Special target device for measuring midpoint triangular elevation of total station Download PDFInfo
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- CN211315584U CN211315584U CN201922359198.3U CN201922359198U CN211315584U CN 211315584 U CN211315584 U CN 211315584U CN 201922359198 U CN201922359198 U CN 201922359198U CN 211315584 U CN211315584 U CN 211315584U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangular height of a total station, which comprises a target rod main body and three frame legs with different lengths, wherein the connecting part of each frame leg and the target rod main body is provided with a fixed locking buckle, the middle part of the target rod main body is provided with high-precision bubbles, and the slightly upper position of each frame leg is provided with a micro-stretching device; the top of the target rod body is provided with a fixed prism lens; the outer surface of the target rod body is provided with a slide way, and the fixed locking buckle can slide up and down along the slide way greatly. The utility model discloses a limit is surveyed the length of side, the angle of perpendicular angle on limit, uses this device and system, uses similar levelling's operation mode, adopts the total powerstation mid point triangle elevation measurement special target device to replace geometric leveling, and its precision can reach the requirement of leveling such as three, four, can effective control measurement accuracy, greatly reduces intensity of labour, reduces the activity duration.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a mine ground subsides and warp monitoring technical field, especially relates to a special target device of total powerstation midpoint triangle elevation measurement.
Background
According to the arrangement requirement of a national rock movement monitoring system, rock movement observation points of a mining area are basically established at the high position of a mountain top, and due to the fact that the ground fluctuation of a hilly area is large, if the traditional geometric leveling method is adopted, the number of measuring stations is large, the working strength is large, the speed is low, the error accumulation is large, the precision is not high, and the precision requirements of leveling of three, four and the like can be almost not met.
If the traditional total station instrument is directly adopted for triangulation elevation measurement, the requirements of national third and fourth leveling measurements cannot be met, and further the method cannot be applied to rock movement monitoring.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a special target device of total powerstation midpoint triangle elevation measurement.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model discloses a technical scheme specifically as follows:
a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangular elevation of a total station comprises a target rod main body and three frame legs with different lengths, wherein a fixed locking buckle is arranged at the connecting part of each frame leg and the target rod main body, high-precision bubbles are arranged in the middle of the target rod main body, and a micro-telescopic device is arranged slightly above each frame leg; the top of the target rod body is provided with a fixed prism lens; the outer surface of the target rod body is provided with a slide way, and the fixed locking buckle can slide up and down along the slide way greatly.
The fixed locking buckle is used for adjusting the rough and flat of the round bubble, so that the target tip is aligned to the measuring point.
The micro-telescopic device can adjust the length of the frame leg to be telescopic in a small range, so that high-precision bubbles are adjusted to be centered, and the target is guaranteed to be accurate and vertical.
Wherein the high-precision bubble ensures that the target rod is accurately vertical when centered.
Wherein the target rod body is fixed in length and is not retractable.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an outstanding effect lies in:
if the traditional total station instrument triangulation height measurement method is directly adopted to replace national third, fourth and other leveling measurements, although the method is simple and easy to implement, the measurement error is difficult to control, and the purpose of replacing national third, fourth and other leveling measurements cannot be achieved. The utility model discloses firstly, from the method limit to triangle elevation measurement error accumulation, secondly adopt purpose-made device and system to eliminate triangle elevation measurement error to reach the purpose of replacing third, fourth class leveling.
The utility model discloses a limit is surveyed the length of side, the angle of perpendicular angle on limit, uses this device and system, uses similar levelling's operation mode, adopts the total powerstation mid point triangle elevation measurement special target device to replace geometric leveling, and its precision can reach the requirement of leveling such as three, four, can effective control measurement accuracy, greatly reduces intensity of labour, reduces the activity duration.
The special target device for measuring the midpoint triangular elevation of the total station according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional triangulation elevation measurement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a target apparatus dedicated for point triangulation elevation measurement in a total station;
fig. 3 is a schematic measurement diagram of a special target device for point triangle elevation measurement in a total station.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of a total station comprises a target rod main body 2 and three frame legs 7 with different lengths, wherein a fixed locking buckle 5 is arranged at the connecting part of each frame leg 7 and the target rod main body 2, high-precision air bubbles 3 are arranged in the middle of the target rod main body 2, and a slightly upper position of each frame leg 7 is provided with a micro-telescopic device 6; the top of the target rod body 2 is provided with a fixed prism lens 1; the outer surface of the target rod body 2 is provided with a slide way 4, and the fixed locking buckle 5 can slide up and down along the slide way 4 greatly.
The fixed locking buckle 5 is used for adjusting the rough and flat round air bubble so that the tip of the target is aligned with the measuring point. The micro-telescopic device 6 can adjust the length of the frame leg to stretch in a small range, so that high-precision bubbles are adjusted to be centered, and the target is guaranteed to be accurate and vertical. The high-precision bubble 3 ensures that the target rod is accurately vertical when centered. The target rod body 2 is fixed in length and is not telescopic.
As shown in fig. 3, the working method of the target device special for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that a station is arranged between two points, the length of an observation sight line is required to be not more than 300 meters generally, the longest sight line is not more than 500 meters, a vertical angle is not more than 20 degrees, the difference between the lengths of the sight line before and after each station is less than 30 meters, the third sight line is less than 30 meters, the fourth sight line is less than 50 meters, and the difference of height measurement in a reciprocating mode is used for offsetting the influence of the spherical air difference by taking the arithmetic;
(1) arranging a total station on the measuring station, and measuring the height of the instrument (because the total station is observed by the midpoint, the total station can not be measured, theoretically, the influence of the total station on the height difference of two measuring points is the same when the total station is erected on the midpoint, and because the total station and the measuring point are subtracted to obtain the height difference between the two measuring points, the final result is mutual offset); a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is arranged on the target point, the special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is fixed in height, and the target heights on the two measuring points are the same and are fixed, so that the target elevation measuring error is eliminated;
(2) observing the vertical angle by a total station through a measuring-back method, and taking an average value as a final calculation value; measuring the horizontal distance or the slant distance between the two points; or the total station directly sets the spherical air difference change to correct the elevation difference, and the target elevation is also fixed, so that the elevation difference between two points can be directly measured after a fixed value is input;
(3) observing according to the steps by adopting reciprocating observation;
(4) b, B' the calculation formula of the height difference between two points is
hBB'＝hAB-hAB'＝(D*tanα+i－v)-(D'*tanβ+i－v')
Since the instrument is mounted at midpoint a and does not change, instrument height i is fixed and target height is the same, i.e., v ═ v', the final equation is hBB'＝D*tanα－D'*tanβ；
Elevation H of unknown pointB'＝HB+hBB'；
The formula shows that S is the slant distance between two points, i is the instrument height, v and v' are the target height, α and β are the inclination angles, and h isABA, B point height difference; h isAB'Height difference at point A, B'; d is the distance between the AMs; d' is the distance between AN; hB、HB'The elevations of the points B and B';
the height difference between two points is calculated by applying the above formula, and the elevation of an unknown point is calculated by the elevation of a known point.
The conclusion can be drawn from the above equation: by limiting the accumulated number of the front and rear sight distance differences not to exceed a certain value and the vertical angle not to exceed 20 degrees, and adopting the special target device and method for measuring the midpoint triangular elevation of the total station, the measurement errors of the instrument height and the target height are eliminated, so that the technical scheme of replacing three, four and other leveling measures is completely feasible.
Comparative example
Conventional triangulation is based on distance (slope) and vertical angle between two points to estimate the height difference between the two points.
The calculation formula is as follows: h isAB＝S*sinα+i－v
Expressed in the formula: s- - - -the skew distance between two points;
i-instrument height;
v- - -target height;
α - -inclination;
with the popularization of the total station in construction measurement, the height difference (elevation) measured by the total station is not calculated by a formula by measuring the vertical angle by using a photoelectric distance measuring instrument any more at present, but the height difference between two points is directly measured after the instrument height and the target height are input into the instrument.
As shown in FIG. 1, point A is known to be at an elevation HAB is a undetermined point and the height to be calculated is HBPositioning the total station at point A, aiming at target top M at point B, measuring vertical angle α, measuring instrument height i and target height v, if distance D' between AM and point A, B, measuring height difference hABComprises the following steps:
hAB＝D'*sinα+i－v
if the horizontal distance D of the point A, B is measured, the height difference hABComprises the following steps:
hAB＝D*tanα+i－v
then the elevation of point B is HB＝HA+hAB。
The above calculation formula is derived on the assumption that the earth surface is a horizontal plane (i.e., the horizon plane is a horizontal plane) and the observation line of sight is a straight line. When the distance between two points on the ground is less than 300m, these assumptions can be approximately considered to be true, and the above formula can also be applied directly. However, when the distance between two points exceeds 300m, curvature correction, called spherical aberration correction, is performed in consideration of the influence of the earth's curvature on the elevation, and the number of corrections is c. Meanwhile, the observation sight line is affected by atmospheric refraction and is called an upward convex arc line, and correction of the influence of atmospheric refraction, called gas difference correction, needs to be carried out, and the correction number is gamma. The two corrections are called spherical aberration correction, short for two-difference correction, and the correction number is f ═ c- γ.
The sum of the spherical aberration correction and the gas aberration correction can be expressed as
In the formula: f, correcting two errors for short. Since k is between about 0.08 and 0.14, f is constantly greater than zero. The vertical refractive index k of the atmosphere varies with the conditions of the region, the climate, the season, the ground cover and the height of the sight line beyond the ground, and the two difference corrections f are calculated by taking k as 0.14. In order to reduce the two-difference correction f, the side length should not be greater than 1 km.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention should fall into the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A special target device for point triangle elevation measurement in a total station is characterized in that: the novel target rod comprises a target rod main body (2) and three rack legs (7) with different lengths, wherein a fixed locking buckle (5) is arranged at the connecting part of each rack leg (7) and the target rod main body (2), a high-precision bubble (3) is arranged in the middle of the target rod main body (2), and a micro-telescopic device (6) is arranged slightly above each rack leg (7); the top of the target rod body (2) is provided with a fixed prism lens (1); the outer surface of the target rod body (2) is provided with a slide way (4), and the fixed locking buckle (5) can slide up and down along the slide way (4) to a large extent.
2. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixed locking buckle (5) is used for adjusting the rough and flat of the round bubble, so that the tip of the target is aligned with the measuring point.
3. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the micro-telescopic device (6) can adjust the length of the frame leg to be telescopic in a small range, so that high-precision bubbles are adjusted to be centered, and the target is guaranteed to be accurate and vertical.
4. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the high-precision bubble (3) ensures that the target rod is accurately vertical when being placed in the middle.
5. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the target rod body (2) is fixed in length and is not telescopic.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110906123A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-03-24 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Special target device and method for measuring midpoint triangle elevation of total station |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
| CN113654515A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 自然资源部第一大地测量队(自然资源部精密工程测量院、陕西省第一测绘工程院) | Peak top measuring target |
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2019
- 2019-12-24 CN CN201922359198.3U patent/CN211315584U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110906123A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-03-24 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Special target device and method for measuring midpoint triangle elevation of total station |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
| CN113654515A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 自然资源部第一大地测量队(自然资源部精密工程测量院、陕西省第一测绘工程院) | Peak top measuring target |
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