CN211311566U - Device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology - Google Patents
Device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN211311566U CN211311566U CN201922362158.4U CN201922362158U CN211311566U CN 211311566 U CN211311566 U CN 211311566U CN 201922362158 U CN201922362158 U CN 201922362158U CN 211311566 U CN211311566 U CN 211311566U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and synchronous compound technique of peening, include: a laser, a pneumatic shot blasting machine and a three-axis numerical control machine; a spray head of the pneumatic shot blasting machine is vertically fixed on a Z-direction guide rail of the three-axis numerical control machine tool, and the distance between the spray head and the surface of the matrix can be adjusted by the machine tool; the laser head of the laser is connected with the spray head of the pneumatic shot blasting machine through the customized clamp to form an included angle alpha, and the size of the included angle alpha can be manually adjusted so as to change the position of a light spot; utilize the utility model discloses the device is when laser gas nitrogenize, and the shot that adopts high-speed injection in step flows and strikes not yet complete refrigerated nitrided layer surface, makes the inside residual compressive stress that produces of nitrided layer to offset the hot tensile stress of the in-process owing to being heated inhomogeneous production, improve the stress state of nitrided layer inside, thereby avoid the nitrided layer fracture.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a titanium alloy surface modification technical field provides a device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and the synchronous compound technique of peening, is applicable to the problem that the nitrided layer is easy to split among the solution laser nitriding process to improve the nitrided layer quality.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of low density, corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility and the like. The method is widely applied to the national defense and civil high-tech fields of aerospace, ships, petroleum, medical instruments and the like. However, titanium alloys have low hardness, poor wear resistance and low service temperature. When the temperature reaches 500 ℃, the titanium metal can react with elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like in the atmosphere strongly and is subjected to brittle failure rapidly. These drawbacks greatly limit the application of titanium alloys. In order to make up for the defects of the titanium alloy, the preparation of the protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is an effective method. The coating can not only improve the surface hardness of the titanium alloy, but also effectively reduce the friction coefficient and improve the use temperature.
Titanium nitride coatings were prepared on titanium alloy surfaces by various lasers at home and abroad since the 80 s of the 20 th century. However, the laser nitridation process is complex, and has many influencing parameters, including laser process parameters, sample states, and the like, and the research on the nitridation process is still in the stages of structure and performance analysis, process optimization, and the like of the nitrided layer at present, and has a great distance from the real wide practical production application. The main defect faced by the laser nitriding process is that the nitride layer is easy to crack. There are two types of cracks on laser nitrided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces: macrocracks generated by mutagenesis of tensile stress accumulated during laser consolidation; microcracks associated with the inherent brittleness of TiN. Effective methods for suppressing or reducing cracks can be classified into the following three types according to the cause of the formation of cracks:
(1) the surface nitride layer with better quality can be obtained by adjusting the process parameters, and the cracking of the laser nitride layer can be reduced or eliminated by optimizing the laser process parameters.
(2) The use of high purity nitrogen for protection helps to increase surface hardness and prevent surface oxidation and contamination problems, but causes cracking and crazing of the coating. In view of this problem, it is necessary to dilute the nitrogen gas in order to produce a composite coating that combines well with the substrate and also has its properties.
(3) The corresponding pretreatment and post-treatment are carried out by continuously improving experimental equipment so as to reduce or reduce defects generated in the experiment.
The process method related in the utility model also embodies the three methods. On the basis of optimizing process parameters, nitrogen-argon mixed gas with a certain proportion is used, meanwhile, a test device is improved, and a laser nitriding technology and a traditional shot blasting technology are combined to prepare a crack-free nitrided layer.
Disclosure of Invention
To the not enough of existence among the prior art, the utility model provides a device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and the synchronous compound technique of peening. When the device is used for laser gas nitriding, shot flow which is sprayed at a high speed is synchronously adopted to knock the surface of a nitrided layer which is not completely cooled, so that residual compressive stress is generated inside the nitrided layer, thermal tensile stress generated due to uneven heating in the nitriding process is offset, the stress state inside the nitrided layer is improved, and the nitrided layer is prevented from cracking.
The technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
a special device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compound technology comprises: a laser, a pneumatic shot blasting machine and a three-axis numerical control machine; a spray head of the pneumatic shot blasting machine is vertically fixed on a Z-direction guide rail of the three-axis numerical control machine tool, and the distance between the spray head and the surface of the matrix can be adjusted by the machine tool; the laser head of the laser is connected with a spray head of the pneumatic shot blasting machine through a customized clamp to form an included angle alpha, the size of the included angle alpha can be manually adjusted so as to change the position of a light spot, and the included angle alpha ranges from 0 degree to 30 degrees;
the laser is a fiber laser, and the diameter of a light spot is 4 mm;
the shot blasting machine is a pneumatic shot blasting machine, and the diameter of a nozzle is 6 mm.
Utilize the utility model discloses the device carries out the titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and the synchronous complex technological method of peening, include:
clamping the pretreated titanium alloy sample plate on a workbench, adjusting the distance from the center of a laser spot to the center of a shot blasting area to be 10-30 mm before the start of processing, opening a shot blasting machine after checking that all parameters are set to be correct, starting laser scanning after the airflow on the surface of the sample plate is stable, performing laser nitriding and shot blasting reinforcement synchronously under the driving of a machine tool, and finally preparing a TiN coating on the surface of the titanium alloy (the principle is shown in figure 2);
the parameter setting ranges are as follows: the shot diameter is 200-600 mu m, the nozzle height is 50-120 mm, the laser power is 1000-2000 w, the scanning speed is 5-20 mm/s, the carrier gas of shot blasting is nitrogen-argon mixed gas, the volume fraction of nitrogen in the mixed gas is 30-100%, and the gas flow rate is 10-20 m3/min；
The titanium alloy is, for example, TC4 titanium alloy;
the method for pretreating the titanium alloy template comprises the following steps: polishing a titanium alloy sample plate by using a grinding wheel to remove an oxide layer and an oil stain layer on the surface, then corroding the polished sample plate by using corrosive liquid for 5-8 min, then washing the sample plate by using clear water for 2-3 min, wiping the sample plate dry, then washing the sample plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and air-drying the sample plate; the formula of the corrosive liquid is HNO3：HF：H2O is 2: 1: 17 (mass ratio), prepared using deionized water;
before processing begins, positioning adjustment needs to be carried out on a laser spot, because in the synchronous strengthening process, reaction gas required by laser nitriding is provided by shot blasting carrier gas, the position of the laser spot relative to a shot blasting strengthening area can directly influence the flowing state of gas on the surface of the nitriding area, and in order to enable the gas on the surface of a substrate to form laminar flow, the position of the laser spot needs to be positioned and adjusted, and the laser spot positioning is realized by adjusting an included angle alpha between a laser beam and a shot blasting direction (vertical) (the principle is shown in fig. 1);
the shot sprayed by the shot blasting machine is ceramic shot with the type of CZ30 and the diameter of 0.30 mm. And during shot peening strengthening, a stable gas laminar flow is formed on the surface of the sample by the carrier gas of the shot, which provides reaction gas for laser nitriding, and after the surface of the titanium alloy is subjected to laser nitriding treatment, the shot peening is followed by mechanically strengthening the nitrided layer, so that the TiN coating with large thickness and no crack is finally prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the outstanding advantages of:
(1) the utility model discloses on the basis of optimizing technological parameter, improve test device, combine together laser nitriding technique and traditional peening technique, effectively improved the inside stress state of laser nitriding in-process azotization layer, prepared crackless azotization layer.
(2) The utility model discloses the stable laminar flow of one deck that the carrier gas formed on the sample surface when utilizing the peening, required reaction gas when nitriding as laser gas, this makes whole intensification process go on under open environment, need not airtight device, and is with low costs, efficient, easily industrialization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus based on the titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology of the present invention;
the device comprises a 1-Z-direction guide rail, a 2-pneumatic shot blasting spray head, a 3-customized clamp, a 4-laser head, a 5-X-direction guide rail, a 6-Y-direction guide rail, a 7-guide rail bracket, an 8-machine tool base, a-high-pressure gas, a b-TiN coating and a c-titanium alloy matrix.
Fig. 2 is a process schematic diagram of the titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further described by means of specific embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto.
The utility model discloses device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and the synchronous compound technique of peening includes: a laser, a pneumatic shot blasting machine and a three-axis numerical control machine; a spray head 2 of the pneumatic shot blasting machine is vertically fixed on a Z-direction guide rail 1 of the three-axis numerical control machine tool, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the surface of the matrix can be adjusted by the machine tool; the laser head 4 of the laser is connected with the spray head 2 of the pneumatic shot blasting machine through the customized clamp 3 to form an included angle alpha, the size of the included angle alpha can be manually adjusted, so that the position of a light spot is changed, and the included angle alpha ranges from 0 degree to 30 degrees.
Example 1
(1) Sample pretreatment: the titanium alloy is processed into a sample plate with the thickness of 120mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10mm through linear cutting, an oxide layer and an oil stain layer on the surface of the sample plate are removed through grinding by a grinding wheel, a corrosive liquid is prepared to corrode the ground sample plate for 5min, the sample plate is washed by clean water for 2min at the moment, the sample plate is further cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol after being wiped dry, and the sample plate is dried by air.
(2) And (3) positioning a light spot: before the machining is started, the laser spot needs to be positioned and adjusted, and the distance from the center of the spot to the center of the shot blasting area is adjusted to be 10 mm.
(3) Synchronous strengthening: clamping the pretreated titanium alloy sample plate on a workbench, wherein various parameters are set as follows: the diameter of the pellet is 200 μm, the height of the nozzle is 50mm, the laser power is 1000w, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the volume fraction of nitrogen in the nitrogen-argon mixed gas is 30%, and the gas flow rate is 10m3And/min. And after all parameters are checked to be correct, opening the shot blasting machine, starting laser scanning after the airflow on the surface of the sample is stable, and synchronously carrying out laser nitriding and shot blasting reinforcement under the driving of a machine tool to finally prepare the TiN coating with large thickness and no cracks on the surface of the titanium alloy.
The cross section of the coating is observed by a metallographic microscope, and the fishbone TiN dendritic crystals are uniformly and compactly distributed in the coating, have uniform thickness of 1.2-1.5 mm, and have no obvious cracks. The surface hardness of the TiN coating obtained after treatment is improved by 2 times compared with that of the matrix through the detection of a microhardness instrument, and meanwhile, the hardness is improved by 100HV and the depth reaches 0.8-1.2 mm.
Example 2
(1) Sample pretreatment: the titanium alloy is processed into a sample plate with the thickness of 120mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10mm through linear cutting, an oxide layer and an oil stain layer on the surface of the sample plate are removed through grinding by a grinding wheel, a corrosive liquid is prepared to corrode the ground sample plate for 5min, the sample plate is washed by clean water for 2min at the moment, the sample plate is further cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol after being wiped dry, and the sample plate is dried by air.
(2) And (3) positioning a light spot: before machining begins, positioning adjustment needs to be carried out on a laser spot, and the distance from the center of the spot to the center of shot blasting is adjusted to be 20 mm.
(3) Synchronous strengthening: clamping the pretreated titanium alloy sample plate on a workbench, wherein various parameters are set as follows: the diameter of the pellet is 200 μm, the height of the nozzle is 50m, the laser power is 1500w, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the volume fraction of nitrogen in the nitrogen-argon mixed gas is 50%, and the gas flow rate is 15m3And/min. And after all parameters are checked to be correct, opening the shot blasting machine, starting laser scanning after the airflow on the surface of the sample is stable, and synchronously carrying out laser nitriding and shot blasting reinforcement under the driving of a machine tool to finally prepare the TiN coating with large thickness and no cracks on the surface of the titanium alloy.
The cross section of the coating is observed by a metallographic microscope, and the fishbone TiN dendritic crystals are uniformly and compactly distributed in the coating, have uniform thickness of 1.4-1.8 mm, and have no obvious cracks. The surface hardness of the TiN coating obtained after treatment is improved by 3 times compared with that of the matrix through the detection of a microhardness instrument, and the depth of the hardness improved by 100HV reaches 1.1-1.5 mm.
Example 3
(1) Sample pretreatment: the titanium alloy is processed into a sample plate with the thickness of 120mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 10mm through linear cutting, an oxide layer and an oil stain layer on the surface of the sample plate are removed through grinding by a grinding wheel, a corrosive liquid is prepared to corrode the ground sample plate for 5min, the sample plate is washed by clean water for 2min at the moment, the sample plate is further cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol after being wiped dry, and the sample plate is dried by air.
(2) And (3) positioning a light spot: before machining begins, positioning adjustment needs to be carried out on a laser spot, and the distance from the center of the spot to the center of shot blasting is adjusted to be 30 mm.
(3) Synchronous strengthening: clamping the pretreated titanium alloy sample plate on a workbench, wherein various parameters are set as follows: the diameter of the pellet is 200 μm, the height of the nozzle is 50m, the laser power is 2000w, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the volume fraction of nitrogen in the nitrogen-argon mixed gas is 80%, and the gas flow rate is20m3And/min. And after all parameters are checked to be correct, opening the shot blasting machine, starting laser scanning after the airflow on the surface of the sample is stable, and synchronously carrying out laser nitriding and shot blasting reinforcement under the driving of a machine tool to finally prepare the TiN coating with large thickness and no cracks on the surface of the titanium alloy.
The cross section of the coating is observed by a metallographic microscope, and the fishbone TiN dendritic crystals are uniformly and compactly distributed in the coating, have uniform thickness of 1.6-2.0 m and have no obvious cracks. The surface hardness of the TiN coating obtained after treatment is improved by 3.5 times compared with that of the matrix through the detection of a microhardness instrument, and meanwhile, the hardness is improved by 100HV and the depth reaches 1.4-1.8 mm.
The utility model discloses combine together traditional peening technique and laser gas nitriding technique, made the crackle-free TiN coating of large thickness on the titanium alloy surface, effectively eliminated the inside hot tensile stress that produces of nitrided layer, avoided the crackle to produce. The TiN coating obtained by the utility model is divided into a nitride layer, a nitrogen diffusion layer and a heat affected zone. The coating has good surface quality and no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like. And (3) detecting by a microhardness tester, wherein the surface hardness of the coating obtained after treatment is the highest and is improved by 2-3.5 times compared with that of the matrix, and the hardness is gradually reduced along with the increase of the depth. The degree of depth that hardness promoted 80 ~ 100HV simultaneously can reach 2mm, and is visible the utility model discloses well laser gas nitriding and the synchronous compound technique of peening can effectively improve titanium alloy surface coating's hardness and thickness.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A special device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compound technology is characterized by comprising: a laser, a pneumatic shot blasting machine and a three-axis numerical control machine; a spray head of the pneumatic shot blasting machine is vertically fixed on a Z-direction guide rail of the three-axis numerical control machine tool, and the distance between the spray head and the surface of the matrix can be adjusted by the machine tool; the laser head of the laser is connected with the spray head of the pneumatic shot blasting machine through the customized clamp to form an included angle alpha, and the size of the included angle alpha can be manually adjusted to change the position of a light spot.
2. The special apparatus based on the titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle α ranges from 0 ° to 30 °.
3. The special device based on the titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser is a fiber laser, and the spot diameter is 4 mm.
4. The special device based on the titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shot blasting machine is a pneumatic shot blasting machine, and the diameter of a nozzle is 6 mm.
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