CN211234376U

CN211234376U - Prism goniometer

Info

Publication number: CN211234376U
Application number: CN202020310283.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 单雪舟; 黄丽俐; 童远见; 虞谦
Original assignee: CHANGZHOU XINRUIDE INSTRUMENT CO LTD
Current assignee: CHANGZHOU XINRUIDE INSTRUMENT CO LTD
Priority date: 2020-01-19
Filing date: 2020-03-13
Publication date: 2020-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-13

Abstract

The utility model relates to a prism goniometer, reflector on being fixed in the reference surface of target still includes: the leveling base is arranged on the opposite side of the reflector and placed on a target, a shell is fixed at the upper end of the leveling base, a fixed shaft is vertically arranged on the bottom surface of the inner side of the shell, a rotating shaft sleeve capable of rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve is sleeved on the fixed shaft, the rotating shaft sleeve extends upwards out of the shell, a fixed part and a rotating part of the angle measuring device are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft and the rotating shaft sleeve, a photoelectric autocollimator is arranged at the top end of the rotating shaft sleeve and arranged outside the shell, a right-angle prism is arranged above the photoelectric autocollimator, the edge line of the right-angle prism is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve, and a leveling auxiliary device is arranged on any part capable of synchronously rotating along with; the angle gauge is simple and portable in structure, and can ensure that each 0 position determined by the angle gauge at different positions of the same target object is the same.

Description

Prism goniometer

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a measuring instrument field, concretely relates to prism goniometer.

Background

Before measuring the azimuth angle of a target object, a prism goniometer is leveled, and then the 0 position of the goniometer is adjusted and determined; setting a reference surface on the target object, wherein the reference surface is approximately vertical to the horizontal plane; the prism goniometer in the current market adopts a mechanical mode to adjust and determine the 0 position of the goniometer, and according to prism goniometers in different forms, the method for determining the 0 position by adopting the mechanical mode comprises the following two methods:

1) prism goniometer adopting magnetic attraction fixing mode

The magnetic attraction surface of the prism goniometer is attracted on the reference surface of a target object by virtue of magnetism, and when the prism goniometer is adjusted and the 0 position is determined, the surface perpendicular to the edge line of the right-angle prism is perpendicular to the magnetic attraction surface on the prism goniometer. At the moment, the prism goniometer is rotated around the normal of the reference surface, and the prism goniometer can be leveled in one direction; and a rotating shaft-foot spiral leveling mechanism is arranged in the other direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft-foot spiral leveling mechanism, and the prism goniometer can be leveled in the other direction by adjusting the foot spiral of the mechanism. The method for adjusting and determining the 0 position of the prism goniometer is simple and reliable, but has high requirement on the processing precision of the magnetic attraction surface, and needs extra attention for protection in use. In addition, the magnetic conductive material is heavy in mass and inconvenient to install. Both machining errors and the mechanical adjustment of the 0 bit result in cumulative errors in the repeated positioning.

2) Prism goniometer adopting pure mechanical positioning and leveling mode

A pair of rotating shaft-foot spiral leveling mechanisms arranged at an included angle of 90 degrees and a mechanical leaning surface are utilized to ensure the precision of repeated installation and positioning. Although the prism goniometer can be manufactured by using light materials, the structure of the prism goniometer is complicated and the requirement on the processing precision is high because a rotating shaft-pin spiral leveling mechanism in two directions is provided, and therefore, a locking mechanism needs to be additionally added on the instrument structure.

The two prism goniometers have the problems of complex structure, high machining precision requirement, long time for determining the 0 position or heavy weight, if relative displacement is generated between the goniometer and a reference after 0 adjustment, the 0 position needs to be re-leveled and determined, and a certain error exists between the re-determined 0 position and the determined 0 position before the displacement is generated.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to guarantee that the goniometer is the same in each 0 bit homogeneous phase confirmed on the different positions of same target object through a prism goniometer.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model provides a goniometer, reflector on the reference surface including being fixed in the target object still includes: the angle measuring device comprises a fixed part and a rotating part, wherein the fixed part and the rotating part are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft and the rotating shaft sleeve, the top end of the rotating shaft sleeve is provided with a photoelectric autocollimator, the photoelectric autocollimator is arranged outside the shell, a right-angle prism is arranged above the photoelectric autocollimator, the edge line of the right-angle prism is vertical to the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve, and any part capable of synchronously rotating along with the rotating shaft sleeve is provided with a leveling auxiliary device;

the photoelectric autocollimator can horizontally emit parallel light to the reflector, and the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator after being reflected by the reflector through rotating and adjusting the rotating shaft sleeve.

Further, the photoelectric autocollimator comprises a light source, a differentiation plate, a collimating lens group, a spectroscope and a photoelectric image processing sensor;

further, the angle measuring device is an absolute encoder or an incremental encoder.

Further, the leveling base is a total station base, and the leveling auxiliary device is a leveling bubble; the total station base is a universal standard component, is good in interchangeability and can achieve the purpose of manual leveling.

Furthermore, the leveling base is an electric leveling base, the leveling auxiliary device is an inclination sensor, and the inclination sensor is arranged on any component capable of synchronously rotating along with the rotating shaft sleeve; and an electric leveling base is matched with the inclination sensor to realize automatic calibration and leveling.

Furthermore, a servo rotating device is arranged between the rotating shaft sleeve and the shell; the servo rotating device replaces manual rotation to rotate the shaft sleeve.

Further, a communication module is arranged on the prism goniometer; the communication module realizes the communication between the goniometer and the upper computer, and the upper computer can remotely control the goniometer.

Further, the 0 position determining method of the prism goniometer comprises the following steps:

1) adjusting the leveling base by matching with a leveling auxiliary device to enable the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve to be vertical to the horizontal plane;

2) the photoelectric autocollimator horizontally emits parallel light to the reflector, the rotating shaft sleeve is adjusted through rotation, so that the parallel light on the reflector is reflected to the photoelectric autocollimator, and the reflected parallel light forms an image in the photoelectric autocollimator and can measure an angle value;

3) the angle value is fed back to the angle measuring device by the photoelectric autocollimator, and at the moment, the corresponding relation between the right-angle prism and the reflecting mirror is memorized as 0 bit by the angle measuring device.

The utility model has the advantages that: the angle gauge of the utility model has simple and portable structure, the reference of the angle gauge for determining the 0 position is a reflector, and the 0 position of the angle gauge is determined by adopting a photoelectric mode; the correspondence represented by the 0 bit is: and projecting the normal line of the reference surface of the target object to the horizontal plane to obtain a straight line on the horizontal plane, and calling the straight line as a 0-bit direction straight line. When the prism goniometer is leveled and the 0 position is determined, the intersection line between the surface vertical to the ridge line of the right-angle prism and the horizontal plane is approximately parallel to the 0-position direction straight line; if the relative position between the goniometer and the reference is changed and the 0 position of the goniometer is reset, the reset 0 position after leveling is the same as the 0 position determined in the original measurement.

Drawings

In order to clarify the explanation of the innovative principles of the invention and its advantages compared with the existing prism goniometer technology, a possible embodiment is explained below by way of non-limiting example applying said principles, with the aid of the accompanying drawings. In the figure:

fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prism goniometer of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the photoelectric autocollimator;

fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, the prism goniometer of the present embodiment includes a reflector 1 fixed on a reference surface of a target, an angle measuring device 6, and a leveling base 2 disposed on an opposite side of the reflector 1 and placed on the target, wherein a housing 3 is fixed at an upper end of the leveling base 2, a fixed shaft 4 is vertically disposed on a bottom surface of an inner side of the housing 3, a rotating shaft sleeve 5 capable of rotating around a central axis of the fixed shaft 4 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 4, the rotating shaft sleeve 5 includes an upper shaft sleeve S and a lower shaft sleeve X which are stacked, an axis of the upper shaft sleeve S coincides with an axis of the lower shaft sleeve X, the upper shaft sleeve S extends upward out of the housing 3, the angle measuring device 6 includes a fixed portion 25 and a rotating portion 26, the fixed portion 25 and the rotating portion 26 are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft 4 and the rotating shaft sleeve 5, a photoelectric autocollimator 7 is disposed at a top end of the upper shaft sleeve S, the, a right-angle prism 8 is arranged above the photoelectric autocollimator 7, the ridge line of the right-angle prism 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve 5, any component capable of synchronously rotating along with the rotating shaft sleeve 5 is provided with a leveling auxiliary device 9, and the right end face of the shell 3 is provided with a display screen P;

the photoelectric autocollimator 7 can horizontally emit parallel light to the reflector 1, and the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator 7 after being reflected by the reflector 1 by rotating and adjusting the rotating shaft sleeve 5.

The reflector 1 and the reference surface of the target object are fixed through a mechanical elastic buckle.

In the preferred embodiment, the fixed shaft 4 is fixed, and the rotating shaft sleeve 5 drives the upper part to rotate synchronously. The scheme can also be that: the rotating shaft sleeve 5 is fixed on the leveling base 2, a fixed shaft 4 capable of rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve 5 penetrates through the rotating shaft sleeve 5, and components such as the photoelectric autocollimator 7 and the like rotate along with the fixed shaft 4.

In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the angle measuring device 6 is an absolute encoder, the rotating part 26 of the absolute encoder is a code wheel, the code wheel is sleeved and fixed on the lower shaft sleeve X, the fixed part 25 of the absolute encoder is a reading system, and the reading system is fixed with the bottom of the fixed shaft 4; the absolute encoder may be fixed to the lower sleeve X with the reading system as the rotating portion 26 and the code wheel as the fixed portion 25 and fixed to the fixed shaft 4. The angle measuring device 6 can be replaced by an incremental encoder and the like, and the incremental encoder and the absolute encoder are both composed of a code disc and a reading system.

In the preferred embodiment, an annular gap is left between the fixed shaft 4 and the lower shaft sleeve X, an annular retainer C is arranged in the annular gap, a large number of balls are arranged on the side wall of the annular retainer C, and the lower shaft sleeve X can rotate with the fixed shaft 4 through a pair of plane bearings G; the lower shaft sleeve X can be rotated by directly matching the high-precision shaft hole between the lower shaft sleeve X and the fixed shaft 4. The lower shaft sleeve X can rotate between the lower shaft sleeve X and the fixed shaft 4 through components such as a sliding bearing and the like.

The photoelectric autocollimator 7 comprises a light source 10, a differentiation plate 11, a collimating lens group 12, a spectroscope 14 and a photoelectric image processing sensor 13.

In this embodiment, the leveling base 2 is preferably a total station base, and the leveling auxiliary device 9 is a leveling bubble.

The levelling base 2 can also be an electrical levelling base, while the levelling assistance device 9 is an inclination sensor.

The leveling auxiliary device 9 is arranged on any component which can synchronously rotate along with the rotating shaft sleeve 5, and the any component comprises a rotating part 26, the photoelectric autocollimator 7 or the rotor 22; the present embodiment is preferable: a dustproof cover is covered on the photoelectric autocollimator 7, when the leveling auxiliary device 9 is a leveling bubble, the leveling bubble is arranged on the top surface of the dustproof cover, so that a user can observe the leveling auxiliary device 9 outside the instrument, and if the leveling bubble is arranged on any part in the shell 3, a perspective window convenient for observation needs to be arranged on the surface of the shell 3; when the leveling aid 9 is an inclination sensor, the inclination sensor may also be provided on the inner wall of the upper boss S.

The rotating shaft sleeve 5 is sleeved with a servo rotating device 18, the preferred servo rotating device 18 in the embodiment is a brushless motor composed of a stator 20 and a rotor 22, an angle value can be fed back to the servo rotating device 18 by using the angle measuring device 6, the feedback function replaces the coding system function of a common servo motor, the stator 20 is fixed with a fixed part 25, and the rotor 22 is positioned between the stator 20 and the lower shaft sleeve X and sleeved on the lower shaft sleeve X. The servo rotating device 18 may also be composed of a servo motor and a speed reducing mechanism. The servo rotating device 18 may be replaced with an ultrasonic motor or the like.

And the prism goniometer is provided with a communication module.

Example 2

The 0 position determining method of the prism goniometer comprises the following steps:

1) the leveling base 2 is adjusted by matching with a leveling auxiliary device 9, so that the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve 5 is vertical to the horizontal plane;

2) the photoelectric autocollimator 7 horizontally emits parallel light to the reflector 1, the rotating shaft sleeve 5 is adjusted through rotation, so that the parallel light on the reflector 1 is reflected to the photoelectric autocollimator 7, the reflected parallel light forms an image in the photoelectric autocollimator 7 and can measure an angle value, and the angle value represents an included angle between an optical axis of the parallel light and a normal line of the reflector;

3) the angle value is fed back to the angle measuring device 6 by the photoelectric autocollimator 7, and at this time, the corresponding relation between the right-angle prism 8 and the reflector 1 is memorized as 0 bit by the angle measuring device 6.

The reference of the goniometer for determining the 0 position is the reflector 1, and the 0 position of the goniometer is determined by adopting a photoelectric mode; the correspondence represented by the 0 bit is: and projecting the normal line of the reference surface of the target object to the horizontal plane to obtain a straight line on the horizontal plane, and calling the straight line as a 0-bit direction straight line. When the prism goniometer is leveled and the 0 position is determined, the intersection line between the surface vertical to the 8 ridge line of the right-angle prism and the horizontal plane is approximately parallel to the 0 position direction straight line. If the relative position between the goniometer and the reference is changed and the 0 position of the goniometer is reset, the reset 0 position after leveling is the same as the 0 position determined in the original measurement.

The photoelectric autocollimator 7 used in the above embodiment is manufactured according to the schematic diagram shown in fig. 3; it can also be made into ELCOMAT-3000 produced by molle, Germany, TriAngle TA 300-38 produced by triptics, CSZ-1 produced by Jiujiang Jingda detection technology, or AIM-300-Pro produced by Xian optical weighing and electro-optical technology, Inc.

The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prism goniometer includes a mirror (1) fixed to a reference surface of a target, and is characterized by further including: the angle measuring device (6) is arranged on the opposite side of the reflector (1) and placed on a leveling base (2) on a target, a shell (3) is fixed at the upper end of the leveling base (2), a fixed shaft (4) is vertically arranged on the bottom surface of the inner side of the shell (3), a rotating shaft sleeve (5) capable of rotating around the axis of the fixed shaft (4) is sleeved on the fixed shaft (4), the rotating shaft sleeve (5) extends out of the shell (3) upwards, the angle measuring device (6) comprises a fixed part (25) and a rotating part (26), the fixed part (25) and the rotating part (26) are respectively sleeved on the fixed shaft (4) and the rotating shaft sleeve (5), a photoelectric autocollimator (7) is arranged at the top end of the rotating shaft sleeve (5), the photoelectric autocollimator (7) is arranged outside the shell (3), and a right-angle prism (8) is arranged above the photoelectric autocollimator, the edge line of the right-angle prism (8) is vertical to the axis of the rotating shaft sleeve (5), and any part which can synchronously rotate along with the rotating shaft sleeve (5) is provided with a leveling auxiliary device (9);

the photoelectric autocollimator (7) can horizontally emit parallel light to the reflector (1), and the parallel light can form an image in the photoelectric autocollimator (7) after being reflected by the reflector (1) through rotating the rotary shaft sleeve (5).

2. The prism goniometer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the photoelectric autocollimator (7) comprises a light source (10), a differentiation plate (11), a spectroscope (14), a collimating lens group (12) and a photoelectric image processing sensor (13).

3. The prism goniometer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the angle measuring device (6) is an absolute encoder or an incremental encoder.

4. The prism goniometer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the leveling base (2) is a total station base, and the leveling auxiliary device (9) is a leveling bubble.

5. The prism goniometer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the leveling base (2) is an electric leveling base, the leveling auxiliary device (9) is an inclination sensor, and the inclination sensor is arranged on any part capable of synchronously rotating along with the rotating shaft sleeve (5).

6. A prism goniometer as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the rotating shaft sleeve (5) is sleeved with a servo rotating device (18).

7. The prism goniometer as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: and the prism goniometer is provided with a communication module.