CN211151563U - Photovoltaic system storage battery charging controller - Google Patents
Photovoltaic system storage battery charging controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN211151563U CN211151563U CN201921470230.9U CN201921470230U CN211151563U CN 211151563 U CN211151563 U CN 211151563U CN 201921470230 U CN201921470230 U CN 201921470230U CN 211151563 U CN211151563 U CN 211151563U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a photovoltaic system battery charge controller, including output module, current sampling module, overvoltage control module, voltage sampling module, trickle output module and the display module of charging. The utility model discloses a three stage charging method's charging process be heavy current constant current charging, overvoltage constant voltage charging and overvoltage constant voltage float charging respectively. The three-stage charging method can solve the problems of constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging, reduce the charging time of the storage battery, fully charge the electric quantity of the storage battery, perform trickle charging while fully charging, charge the storage battery with low current, compensate self-discharge of the storage battery and keep the storage battery in the optimal state. Through the detection and the current closed loop structure of battery voltage, the switching of three kinds of modes of accurate control, temperature compensation function in addition simultaneously makes the battery charge under the temperature range of broad, reduces the loss to the battery when guaranteeing battery charging speed, prolongs its life.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a photovoltaic system battery charging technology field especially relates to a photovoltaic system battery charging controller.
Background
Solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy for use or storage by utilizing the photovoltaic effect. The trend in solar applications is to establish a standalone photovoltaic system. Independent photovoltaic system does not connect with the electric wire netting, so need store unnecessary electric quantity in the battery daytime, when night solar panel can't provide the electric energy, utilizes the battery to release the electric energy and provide equipment. The storage battery is a device which realizes the energy storage function by utilizing the mutual conversion of electric energy and chemical energy. And the storage battery is used as an important ring in the independent photovoltaic system, and the service life of the storage battery can be equal to that of the independent photovoltaic system. The storage battery is simple to use, but the charging control is relatively complex, because the quality of the charging control method directly determines the service life of the storage battery, and the improper charging control method causes loss to the storage battery.
The battery can not charge with solar panel lug connection because solar panel has the instability, and undulant voltage can bring the condition of overvoltage or undervoltage for the battery, causes the damage to the battery easily. Therefore, when the solar panel is used for charging the storage battery, a charging controller needs to be connected, and the storage battery in the photovoltaic system is subjected to continuous charging and discharging, so that the service life of the storage battery is determined to a great extent by the charging method.
The charging method of the storage battery at present comprises a constant current charging method and a constant voltage charging method besides a simplest direct charging method for directly connecting a solar panel and the storage battery. These two common charge control methods are described below.
(1) Constant current charging method: the method of charging the secondary battery with a constant current from the start to the end of the charging is called a constant current charging method, and the controller functions therein to control the charging current to be constant. The method generally utilizes small current to charge for a long time, and has the advantages that the storage battery can be quickly recovered in the early stage of charging, but the charging voltage is gradually increased along with the increase of the charging time, and the storage battery is easily damaged due to overlarge charging voltage in the later stage. The constant-current charging method has the defects of short early-stage charging time, long later-stage charging time, long integral charging time, high energy consumption, low efficiency and the like in the later stage, and is not suitable for charging the storage battery.
(2) Constant voltage charging method: the method of charging the secondary battery with a constant voltage from the start to the end of the charging is called a constant current charging method, and the controller plays a role therein to control the charging voltage to be constant. According to the constant voltage charging characteristics, the constant voltage charging has rapid charging speed in the early stage and the later stage, if the voltage is properly adjusted, the charging of the storage battery can be completed within 4-5 hours, and the advantages of short charging time and low energy consumption are achieved. However, the current is too large in the initial charging period, which tends to cause irreversible damage to the battery, and then gradually decreases as the charging progresses. However, the later charging current is too small to achieve the effect of full charging.
The mainstream schemes for charging the storage battery of the photovoltaic system at present are a constant-voltage current-limiting charger and a constant-current voltage-limiting charger. The constant-voltage current-limiting charger has the advantages of high charging speed and low energy consumption, but the initial charging voltage is too high, so that the storage battery is easily damaged, and the later charging current is low, so that the storage battery cannot be completely filled. The current voltage-limiting charger can quickly supplement the electric quantity of the storage battery in the initial charging stage, but the whole charging time is long, and the later charging current is too large, so that the storage battery is easily damaged.
Therefore, the existing photovoltaic system storage battery charger and the charging control method can not ensure the charging speed of the storage battery, reduce the loss of the storage battery and influence the service life of the storage battery.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses not enough to above-mentioned prior art and provide a photovoltaic system battery charge controller, solved and reduced the loss to the battery again when guaranteeing battery charging speed, the technical problem of the life of extension battery.
The utility model discloses a solve the technical scheme that above-mentioned problem adopted and do:
the utility model provides a photovoltaic system storage battery charge controller, the charge controller is connected with solar panel and battery, the charge controller includes charge output module, current sampling module, overvoltage control module, voltage sampling module, trickle output module and display module, the charge input end of charge output module is connected with solar panel, the charge output end of charge output module is connected with battery; the current sampling input end of the current sampling module is connected with the solar panel, the current limiting output end of the current sampling module is connected with the charging output module, the sampling current output end of the current sampling module is connected with the overvoltage control module, and the overvoltage control module is connected with the charging output module; the storage battery is connected with the voltage sampling input end of the voltage sampling module, the voltage sampling output end of the voltage sampling module is connected with the overvoltage control module and the trickle output module, the trickle output module is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with the display module.
Furthermore, the current sampling module comprises a current-limiting comparator and a current sampling comparator, wherein the non-inverting input end of the current-limiting comparator is connected with a current-limiting voltage end, the inverting input end of the current-limiting comparator is connected with the anode of a first power supply, and the cathode of the first power supply is connected with the output end of the solar panel after being connected with a first resistor in series; the output end of the solar panel is also connected with the non-inverting input end of the current sampling comparator, the inverting input end of the current sampling comparator is connected with the anode of a second power supply, and the cathode of the second power supply is connected with the output end of the solar panel after being connected with a first resistor in series; the output ends of the current limiting comparator and the current sampling comparator are respectively connected with the base electrodes of the first triode and the second triode, the emitting electrodes of the first triode and the second triode are grounded, the collecting electrode of the first triode is connected with the drive compensation end of the charging output module, and the collecting electrode of the second triode is connected with the overcharge termination end of the overvoltage control module.
Furthermore, the voltage sampling module comprises a voltage amplifier and a voltage sampling comparator, the output end of the voltage amplifier is connected with the driving compensation end of the charging output module, the inverting input end of the voltage amplifier is connected with the reference voltage end, the non-inverting input end of the voltage amplifier is connected with the voltage sampling output end, the voltage sampling output end is connected with the non-inverting input end of the voltage sampling comparator, the inverting input end of the voltage sampling output end is connected with the high-low reference voltage input end, the voltage sampling output end is connected with one end of a second resistor and one end of a third resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected with a storage battery after being connected with a fourth resistor in series, and the; and the voltage sampling output end is connected with a fifth resistor in series and then is connected with the state level control end of the overvoltage control.
Still further, the trickle output module comprises a charging enable comparator, the third resistor is connected in series between a control signal input pin of a non-inverting input end of the charging enable comparator and the voltage sampling output end, a reference voltage end is connected to a reverse input end of the charging enable comparator, a trickle bias control signal output end of the charging enable comparator is connected in series with a sixth resistor and then connected to a positive electrode end of a third diode, a negative electrode end of the third diode is connected to the storage battery, and a control signal output end of the charging enable comparator is connected to a switch control end of the overvoltage control module.
The utility model also provides a photovoltaic system battery charge control method for photovoltaic system battery charge controller, include: judging whether the voltage of the storage battery is greater than a charging threshold voltage or not through a voltage sampling module, if so, enabling the charger to enter a large-current constant-current charging mode, and if not, enabling the storage battery to enter a trickle charging mode;
when the voltage of the storage battery is greater than the charging threshold voltage after trickle charging, the storage battery is switched to enter a large-current constant-current charging mode;
when the voltage value of the storage battery reaches the overcharge conversion voltage after the large-current constant-current charging, the storage battery is converted to enter an overvoltage constant-voltage charging mode;
after voltage constant voltage charging, when the current of the storage battery is detected to be reduced to overvoltage termination current through the current acquisition module, the storage battery is switched to enter a floating charge mode;
when the voltage of the storage battery rises to the floating charge conversion voltage after the floating charge, the trickle charge mode is entered again.
The utility model provides a photovoltaic system battery charging controller and control method adopt be three stage charging method, and the charging process of three stage charging method specifically divide into three stage, is that heavy current constant current charges, overvoltage constant voltage charges and overvoltage constant voltage floats to charge respectively. The three-stage charging method can well solve the problems of constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging, reduce the charging time of the storage battery, fully charge the electric quantity of the storage battery, perform trickle charging while fully charging, charge the storage battery with low current, compensate self-discharge of the storage battery and keep the storage battery in the optimal state. Through the detection and the current closed loop structure of battery voltage, the switching of three kinds of modes of accurate control, temperature compensation function in addition simultaneously makes the battery charge under the temperature range of broad, reduces the loss to the battery when guaranteeing battery charging speed, prolongs its life.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging controller for a photovoltaic system storage battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a current sampling module in the photovoltaic system battery charge controller of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a voltage sampling module in the photovoltaic system battery charge controller of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the trickle output module in the photovoltaic system battery charge controller.
Fig. 5 is an overall circuit diagram of the photovoltaic system battery charge controller of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of the photovoltaic system storage battery charging control method of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a charging characteristic diagram of the photovoltaic system storage battery charging control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are specifically explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are used for reference and illustration only and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the storage battery charging controller of the photovoltaic system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is connected to a solar panel and a storage battery, and comprises a charging output module, a current sampling module, an overvoltage control module, a voltage sampling module, a trickle output module and a display module, wherein the charging input end of the charging output module is connected to the solar panel, and the charging output end of the charging output module is connected to the storage battery; the current sampling input end of the current sampling module is connected with the solar panel, the current limiting output end of the current sampling module is connected with the charging output module, the sampling current output end of the current sampling module is connected with the overvoltage control module, and the overvoltage control module is connected with the charging output module; the storage battery is connected with the voltage sampling input end of the voltage sampling module, the voltage sampling output end of the voltage sampling module is connected with the overvoltage control module and the trickle output module, the trickle output module is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with the display module.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the current sampling module includes a current-limiting comparator COM1 and a current-sampling comparator COM2, a non-inverting input terminal of the current-limiting comparator COM1 is connected to the current-limiting voltage terminal Vn, an inverting input terminal of the current-limiting comparator COM1 is connected to the anode of the first power supply U1, and the cathode of the first power supply U1 is connected to the solar panel output terminal Upo after being connected to the first resistor R1 in series; the solar panel output end Upo is further connected with a non-inverting input end of a current sampling comparator COM2, a reverse input end of the current sampling comparator COM2 is connected with the anode of a second power supply U2, and the cathode of the second power supply U2 is connected with the solar panel output end Upo after being connected with a first resistor R1 in series; the output ends of the current limiting comparator COM1 and the current sampling comparator COM2 are respectively connected with the bases of a first triode D1 and a second triode D2, the emitting electrodes of the first triode D1 and the second triode D2 are grounded, the collector electrode of the first triode D1 is connected with the driving compensation end Ud of the charging output module, and the collector electrode of the second triode D2 is connected with the overcharge termination end Uoc of the overvoltage control module.
The current sampling module measures the main circuit current by measuring the voltage drop across the detection resistor (first resistor) R1, comparing and obtaining the charging voltage drop thereof and combining the resistance of R1. The current limiting of the current sampling module is that when the charger is in an over-charging state, the current of the circuit is detected, when the current of the circuit is reduced to over-charging termination current Ioct, the current sampling output is cut off, and the charger enters a floating charging stage.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the voltage sampling module includes a voltage amplifier COM3 and a voltage sampling comparator COM4, an output end of the voltage amplifier COM3 is connected to the driving compensation end Ud of the charging output module, an inverting input end of the voltage amplifier COM3 is connected to the reference voltage end VREF, a non-inverting input end thereof is connected to the voltage sampling output end Uvs, the voltage sampling output end Uvs is connected to a non-inverting input end of the voltage sampling comparator COM4, a non-inverting input end thereof is connected to the high-low reference voltage input end VREFhl, the voltage sampling output end Uvs is connected to one ends of a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the battery ACC after being connected to a fourth resistor R4 in series, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the power; the voltage sampling output terminal Uvs is connected in series with a fifth resistor R5 and then connected to the state level control terminal Uslc of the overvoltage control.
In this embodiment, the voltage dividing resistor R2 cannot be directly grounded, so that the power of the battery is lost at all times, the power indicator Upl should be connected, and since the transistor is connected to the power indicator Upl7, when the solar panel is not input, the transistor is turned off, and the voltage dividing resistor R2 is in an open circuit, so that the power of the battery is not lost. When the solar panel has input, the transistor is turned on, and the voltage dividing resistor R2 operates normally to divide voltage.
The voltage sampling module can detect and compare the voltage of the storage battery and send signals to the charging logic circuit so as to control the charging mode. The voltage sampling module mainly has two time interval change charging modes, namely when the voltage of the battery is too small, trickle charging is started, and the voltage is improved by utilizing the trickle charging; and secondly, the conversion from a large-current charging state to an overvoltage charging state is realized, in the large-current charging state, the current is constant, the voltage of the storage battery continuously rises, when the voltage of the storage battery reaches 0.95VREF, the output of the voltage sampling comparator is changed into low level, and the charger enters the overcharge charging state.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the trickle output module includes a charge enable comparator COM5, the third resistor R3 is connected in series between the non-inverting input terminal control signal input pin Ucin of the charge enable comparator COM5 and the voltage sampling output terminal Uvs, the inverting input terminal of the charge enable comparator COM5 is connected to the reference voltage terminal VREF, the trickle bias control signal output terminal Utpco of the charge enable comparator COM5 is connected to the positive terminal of the third diode D3 after being connected in series to the sixth resistor R6, the negative terminal of the third diode D3 is connected to the storage battery VCC, and the control signal output terminal Uco of the charge enable comparator COM5 is connected to the switching control terminal Kc of the overvoltage control module.
As shown in fig. 5, since the battery and the charge controller are always connected, if the battery voltage is greater than the charger input voltage, the reverse charging phenomenon occurs, so the first diode D1 is added between the charger output terminal and the battery positive electrode to prevent the reverse flow.
When the power is switched on and charging is started, if the voltage of the storage battery is too low, if large current is used for charging at the beginning, the power consumption of the series regulating tube is too large. Therefore, the voltage sampling module reflects the size of the storage battery after the charging is started, and when the voltage is less than VTWhen the charging enable comparator COM5 trickle bias control signal output end Utpco is high level, the magnitude (25mA) of the trickle current is adjusted through R6.
The charging circuit of the photovoltaic system storage battery charging controller has several main basic parameters, including a floating charge voltage Vf, an overcharge voltage Voc, a reference voltage VREF, an overcharge conversion voltage V12, a floating charge conversion voltage V31, a maximum charging current Imax and an overcharge termination current Ioct.
R1 is a detection resistor, and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are voltage dividing resistors. Vf, Voc and VREF are proportional, VREF being the reference voltage. The charging parameters can be independently set, the values of Imax and Ioct are determined by an on-chip detection resistor R1 and a current limiting comparator and a current sampling comparator, and the values of Vf and Voc are determined by R1, R2, R3 and R4. Wherein VTIn order to drive the lowest input voltage of the charger driving stage, V is the minimum voltage of V in the present embodimentT＝4.5V。
The utility model discloses a photovoltaic system battery charge controller's charging process does: the three-stage output voltage and current of the storage battery charging controller are shown in fig. 7, after the device is connected, the voltage acquisition module reflects the voltage of the storage battery, and the voltage is compared by the comparatorJudging whether the voltage of the storage battery is greater than V or notT. If less than VTAt this time, the battery enters a trickle charge mode. In trickle charge, the charger charges the battery with a small current, the voltage of the battery gradually rises with the increase of the charging time, and when the voltage of the battery is more than VTAnd the charger enters a large-current constant-current charging state. At the moment, the charging current is constant, the voltage of the storage battery continuously rises, and when the voltage value of the storage battery reaches the overcharge conversion voltage V12And then the charging is converted into overvoltage constant voltage charging.
The charging voltage is constant as V in the overvoltage constant-voltage charging processOCAt this time, the charging current is continuously decreased. When the current acquisition module detects that the current of the storage battery is reduced to the overvoltage termination current Ioct, the overvoltage constant-voltage charging is finished, and the floating charging is started. During the floating charge, the charging voltage is kept at Vf. In the float state, the battery voltage continues to rise, and when the voltage rises to Vf, the charge controller enters the trickle charge state again.
As shown in fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic system battery charging control method, for a photovoltaic system battery charging controller, including:
judging whether the voltage of the storage battery is larger than a charging threshold voltage V or not through a voltage sampling moduleTIf it is greater than the charging threshold voltage VTThe charger enters a large-current constant-current charging mode, and if the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging threshold voltage VTThe storage battery enters a trickle charge mode;
when the voltage of the storage battery is greater than the charging threshold voltage V after trickle chargingTThen, the charging mode is switched to enter a large-current constant-current charging mode;
when the voltage value of the storage battery reaches the overcharge conversion voltage V after the high-current constant-current charging12Then, switching to an overvoltage constant voltage charging mode;
after voltage constant-voltage charging, when the current of the storage battery is detected to be reduced to overvoltage termination current Ioct through the current acquisition module, the storage battery is switched to enter a floating charging mode;
when the voltage of the storage battery rises to the floating charge conversion voltage V after the floating chargefWhen it is advanced againEntering into trickle charge mode.
The photovoltaic system storage battery charging control method provided by the embodiment adopts a three-stage charging method. The charging process of the three-stage charging method is divided into three stages, namely, heavy-current constant-current charging, overvoltage constant-voltage charging and overvoltage constant-voltage floating charging. The three-stage charging method can well solve the problems of constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging, reduce the charging time of the storage battery, fully charge the electric quantity of the storage battery, perform trickle charging while fully charging, charge the storage battery with low current, compensate self-discharge of the storage battery and keep the storage battery in the optimal state.
The voltage-current characteristics of the three-stage charging method are shown in fig. 7, and the specific charging process is to charge the storage battery in a constant-current charging mode at the initial charging stage, and to quickly recover energy by using a small current during charging. At this time, the defect of large initial current is avoided, and the storage battery is not damaged. When the electric quantity of the storage battery is recovered to a certain quantity, a constant voltage charging mode is adopted to accelerate the charging speed of the storage battery in the middle period. The voltage of the storage battery continues to rise, and when the electric quantity of the storage battery is fully charged, the storage battery is charged by floating charging. The charging voltage is lower than the voltage of constant voltage charging in the floating charging process, the current is not too low to cause slow charging, and the storage battery can realize complete charging more stably.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic system battery charge controller, charge controller connects solar panel and battery, its characterized in that: the charging controller comprises a charging output module, a current sampling module, an overvoltage control module, a voltage sampling module, a trickle output module and a display module, wherein the charging input end of the charging output module is connected with the solar panel, and the charging output end of the charging output module is connected with the storage battery; the current sampling input end of the current sampling module is connected with the solar panel, the current limiting output end of the current sampling module is connected with the charging output module, the sampling current output end of the current sampling module is connected with the overvoltage control module, and the overvoltage control module is connected with the charging output module; the storage battery is connected with the voltage sampling input end of the voltage sampling module, the voltage sampling output end of the voltage sampling module is connected with the overvoltage control module and the trickle output module, the trickle output module is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with the display module.
2. The photovoltaic system battery charge controller of claim 1, wherein:
the current sampling module comprises a current-limiting comparator and a current sampling comparator, wherein the non-inverting input end of the current-limiting comparator is connected with a current-limiting voltage end, the inverting input end of the current-limiting comparator is connected with the anode of a first power supply, and the cathode of the first power supply is connected with the output end of the solar panel after being connected with a first resistor in series; the output end of the solar panel is also connected with the non-inverting input end of the current sampling comparator, the inverting input end of the current sampling comparator is connected with the anode of a second power supply, and the cathode of the second power supply is connected with the output end of the solar panel after being connected with a first resistor in series; the output ends of the current limiting comparator and the current sampling comparator are respectively connected with the base electrodes of the first triode and the second triode, the emitting electrodes of the first triode and the second triode are grounded, the collecting electrode of the first triode is connected with the drive compensation end of the charging output module, and the collecting electrode of the second triode is connected with the overcharge termination end of the overvoltage control module.
3. The photovoltaic system battery charge controller of claim 2, wherein:
the voltage sampling module comprises a voltage amplifier and a voltage sampling comparator, the output end of the voltage amplifier is connected with the driving compensation end of the charging output module, the inverting input end of the voltage amplifier is connected with the reference voltage end, the non-inverting input end of the voltage amplifier is connected with the voltage sampling output end, the voltage sampling output end is connected with the non-inverting input end of the voltage sampling comparator, the inverting input end of the voltage sampling comparator is connected with the high-low reference voltage input end, the voltage sampling output end is connected with one ends of a second resistor and a third resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected with a storage battery after being connected with a fourth resistor in series, and the other end of; and the voltage sampling output end is connected with a fifth resistor in series and then is connected with the state level control end of the overvoltage control.
4. The photovoltaic system battery charge controller of claim 3, wherein:
the trickle output module comprises a charging enabling comparator, a third resistor is connected between a non-inverting input end control signal input pin of the charging enabling comparator and the voltage sampling output end in series, a reverse input end of the charging enabling comparator is connected with a reference voltage end, a trickle bias control signal output end of the charging enabling comparator is connected with a sixth resistor in series and then connected with a positive end of a third diode, a negative end of the third diode is connected with a storage battery, and a control signal output end of the charging enabling comparator is connected with a switch control end of the overvoltage control module.
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