CN211020163U

CN211020163U - Organic field-imitating cultivation equipment on roof of balcony

Info

Publication number: CN211020163U
Application number: CN201921438933.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘永
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-08-30
Filing date: 2019-08-30
Publication date: 2020-07-17
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-30

Abstract

The utility model discloses an organic imitative big field cultivation equipment in balcony roof, including the cultivation case that adopts insulation material, the top of cultivation case is equipped with the apron, is equipped with a plurality of cultivation holes on the apron, and cultivation bottom of the case portion is equipped with the storage water tank, is equipped with the perforated plate between storage water tank and the cultivation case, and the storage water tank is equipped with the liquid and flows back the device, and the soil is discharged after oozing water fully down. With the arrangement, the balcony roof is well ventilated, and even relatively sealed air can still enter the cultivation box from the gap around the stem of the plant. The evaporation rate of the water in the soil in the cultivation box is reduced, the temperature of the soil is relatively stable and is close to the average temperature, and therefore poor growth or death caused by high-temperature water shortage of plant roots in a high-temperature period is avoided; soil is easy to freeze and damage root systems in the low-temperature frost period; soil and fertilizer loss caused by heavy rain blocks a sewer; the ponding causes anaerobic respiration of the root system to generate toxic substances; the water is evaporated quickly, and the soil is easy to be salinized, hardened and watered due to too many watering times; the space for the growth of weeds is large. All experimental plant species grew well.

Description

Organic field-imitating cultivation equipment on roof of balcony

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a facility agricultural engineering technical field, more specifically say, relate to an organic imitative field cultivation equipment in balcony roof.

Background

China is rapidly urbanized, shed areas and urban villages are transformed, so that sunlight is sufficient, ventilation is good, and the number and area of balconies and roofs suitable for plant cultivation are increased. Reasonable cultivation facilities are utilized in the areas, the roof can be changed into a farm and an aerial garden, the balcony can be changed into a vegetable garden and a private garden, the urban ecological environment can be well improved, organic fruits and vegetables can be produced, and the spiritual life of people can be enriched. However, the conventional balcony roof cultivation facilities are simple and crude, and can not effectively deal with adverse conditions such as high-temperature drought and low-temperature freezing, high wind power and rapid water evaporation and the like in cultivation. The plant growing environment is much worse than the field cultivation, which results in poor growth and low crop yield.

The existing cultivation container is open, and the wall of the container has no heat preservation function. The containers can be cultivated on the ground, but have great use defects on the roof of a balcony: 1. the sun is sufficient in summer, which is suitable for most plants to grow, but the reinforced concrete on the top of the balcony building has low heat capacity, and the temperature can reach more than 60 ℃ at the highest after noon in the midsummer, if a small amount of cultivation is carried out by adopting a common cultivation pot or a cultivation groove, the moisture in the soil is extremely easy to evaporate in high temperature and strong wind, and the plants absorb the moisture transpiration vigorously, so that the soil is easy to lack of water, once the soil is lack of water, the temperature of the soil is quickly raised, and the general gardening management does not advocate watering in the noon in fine days, so that the adverse reaction of plants is caused because of large temperature difference, and the plants die when the temperature is; 2. soil is easy to freeze and damage root systems in the low-temperature frost period; 3. soil and fertilizer loss caused by heavy rain or heavy rain blocks a sewer, and the oxygen-free respiration of a root system is caused by water accumulation to generate toxic substances; 4. the water is evaporated quickly, and the soil is easy to be salinized, hardened and watered due to too many watering times; 5. the weed growth space is large, especially in the seedling stage of crops. 6. The small-sized rare flowers and plants lack field and space equipment for household seedling raising and cultivation.

Therefore, how to solve the problem that the water in the soil at the high temperature is easy to evaporate so that the plants lack water at the high temperature to cause poor growth or death of the plants; soil is easy to freeze and damage root systems in the low-temperature frost period; soil and fertilizer loss caused by heavy rain or heavy rain blocks a sewer, and the oxygen-free respiration of a root system is caused by water accumulation to generate toxic substances; the water is evaporated quickly, and the soil is easy to be salinized, hardened and watered due to too many watering times; the weed growth space is large; the problem that the small-sized rare flowers are cultivated in a household seedling way and lack of equipment is an important technical problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a balcony roof organic field-imitated cultivation device, which aims to solve the problem that the water in the soil in the high temperature period is easy to evaporate, so that the plants lack water at high temperature to cause poor growth or death of the plants; soil is easy to freeze and damage root systems in the low-temperature frost period; soil and fertilizer loss caused by heavy rain or heavy rain blocks a sewer, and the oxygen-free respiration of a root system is caused by water accumulation to generate toxic substances; the water is evaporated quickly, and the soil is easy to be salinized, hardened and watered due to too many watering times; the weed growth space is large; the problem that small-sized rare flowers are lack of field and equipment in family seedling and cultivation is solved.

The utility model aims at realizing through the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a balcony roof organic imitative field cultivation equipment, is including the cultivation case that is used for cultivating the plant, the material of cultivation case is insulation material, the bottom of cultivation case is equipped with the storage water tank, the storage water tank with be equipped with the perforated plate between the cultivation case so that unnecessary water sees through in the soil of cultivation case the perforated plate gets into the storage water tank, the storage water tank is equipped with the liquid full reflux unit who is used for the drainage, the top of cultivation case is equipped with the apron, be equipped with a plurality of cultivation holes on the apron, each the downthehole two semilunar humiture retaining plates that are equipped with respectively of cultivation, two the butt joint of semilunar humiture retaining plate, stretch out the hole with the plant that forms to supply the plant stem.

Preferably, the cultivation box further comprises a drip irrigation emitter, wherein the drip irrigation emitter is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation heads, and each drip irrigation head extends into the cultivation box and is uniformly distributed.

Preferably, the cultivation box further comprises a heat dissipation fan, and the heat dissipation fan is communicated with the cultivation box through a heat dissipation air inlet pipe.

Preferably, the drip irrigation system further comprises a soil humidity and temperature sensor, a controller which is in communication connection with the soil humidity and temperature sensor, an electromagnetic valve which is used for controlling the opening or closing of a drip irrigation channel, and an integrated box which is used for placing the cooling fan, the electromagnetic valve and the controller, wherein the cooling fan and the electromagnetic valve are respectively in communication connection with the controller, and when the soil humidity and temperature sensor detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened, and the drip irrigation channel is opened; when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to be closed, and the drip irrigation channel is closed; when the soil humidity and temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the soil in the cultivation box is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be started; when the soil humidity and temperature sensor detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be turned off.

Preferably, a heating electric heating wire is laid in the cultivation box.

Preferably, the three-dimensional cultivation device comprises a lower water pool positioned at the lower part, an upper water pool positioned at the top and a water pump for pumping the water in the lower water pool into the upper water pool, wherein an upper water pipe is arranged between the lower water pool and the upper water pool, the full-liquid backflow device is communicated with the lower water pool, and the upper water pool is communicated with the drip irrigation device through a lower water pipe.

Preferably, the upper water tank is communicated with a tap water pipe, a ball float valve is arranged between the tap water pipe and the upper water tank, and when the water level of the upper water tank is lower than a preset position, the ball float valve is opened, and a water inlet channel is opened; when the water level of the upper water tank is higher than the preset position, the ball float valve is closed, and the water inlet channel is closed.

Preferably, at least one cultivation frame for placing the cultivation box is arranged between the upper water pool and the lower water pool.

Preferably, the three-dimensional cultivation device is further provided with a deep-root plant cultivation box, and the depth of soil in the deep-root plant cultivation box is greater than the depth of soil in the cultivation box.

Preferably, the bottom end of the three-dimensional cultivation device is provided with a tool placing layer.

The utility model provides an among the technical scheme, an organic imitative big field cultivation equipment in balcony roof, including the cultivation case that is used for cultivating the plant, the bottom of cultivation case is equipped with the storage water tank, is equipped with the perforated plate between storage water tank and the cultivation case so that the water in the soil of cultivation case sees through the perforated plate and gets into the storage water tank, and the storage water tank is equipped with the liquid full reflux unit who is used for the drainage, and the top of cultivation case is equipped with the apron, is equipped with a plurality of cultivation holes on the apron. According to the arrangement, the balcony roof is well ventilated, even relatively sealed air can still enter the cultivation box from a gap around the stem of a plant, and experiments show that soil in the cultivation box shrinks along with the growth of the root system of the plant, gaps are formed in the inner wall of the cultivation box, aerial roots are generated on the surface of the soil, the requirement of the respiration of the root system can be met, the evaporation rate of moisture in the cultivation box is reduced, the temperature of the soil is relatively stable and is close to the average temperature, excess water enters the lower water storage tank, the water is drained to the external water storage device through the liquid full-return device after the water is full, the water storage tank has a heat preservation effect, the root system is prevented from being damaged by the easy freezing of the soil in the low-temperature frost period, the cover plate is arranged at the top of the cultivation box, the stem of the plant extends out of the cultivation hole to grow, the growth space of weeds; soil is easy to freeze and damage root systems in the low-temperature frost period; soil and fertilizer loss caused by heavy rain or heavy rain blocks a sewer, and the oxygen-free respiration of a root system is caused by water accumulation to generate toxic substances; the water is evaporated quickly, and the soil is easy to be salinized, hardened and watered due to too many watering times; the weed growth space is large; the problem that small-sized rare flowers are lack of field and equipment in family seedling and cultivation is solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cultivation box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the balcony roof organic field-imitated cultivation equipment in the embodiment of the utility model.

In FIGS. 1 to 2:

1-cultivation box, 2-water storage tank, 3-perforated plate, 4-three-dimensional cultivation device, 5-liquid full reflux device, 6-cultivation hole, 7-plant extension hole, 8-half moon-shaped temperature and humidity maintaining plate, 9-drip irrigation device, 10-soil humidity temperature sensor, 11-integrated box, 12-sewer pipe, 13-power supply circuit, 14-upper water tank, 15-lower water tank, 16-water pump, 17-upper water pipe, 18-ball float valve, 19-tool placing layer, 20-cultivation frame, 21-deep-root plant cultivation box, 22-water level controller, 23-balcony ceiling fixing device, 24-solar power supply device, 25-wifi remote camera, 26-balcony railing, 27-heat dissipation air inlet pipe, 28-heating electric heating wire.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The specific embodiment aims to provide the balcony roof organic field-imitated cultivation equipment, which solves the problem that the water in the soil in the high-temperature period is easy to evaporate, so that the plants lack water at high temperature to cause poor growth or death of the plants; soil is easy to freeze and damage root systems in the low-temperature frost period; soil and fertilizer loss caused by heavy rain or heavy rain blocks a sewer, and the oxygen-free respiration of a root system is caused by water accumulation to generate toxic substances; the water is evaporated quickly, and the soil is easy to be salinized, hardened and watered due to too many watering times; the weed growth space is large; the problem that small-sized rare flowers are lack of field and equipment in family seedling and cultivation is solved.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims. Further, the entire contents of the configurations shown in the following embodiments are not limited to those necessary as a solution of the invention described in the claims.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment provides an organic field-simulated cultivation device on a balcony roof, which includes a cultivation box 1 for cultivating plants, wherein the cultivation box 1 is made of a heat insulation material, preferably a polystyrene extruded sheet, the extruded sheet is not permeable to water easily, can keep a low heat conductivity coefficient for a long time, is moderate in price, can be made of polystyrene foam plastics, and can also be made of polyurethane foam materials. The surface of the cultivation box 1 can be a wood board or a thermoplastic plastic board, preferably a glass fiber reinforced plastic composite material, the surface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic cultivation box 1 coated with fluorocarbon paint is attractive in appearance, the outdoor service life can reach more than 20 years, and white pollution is avoided to a certain extent. Organic nutrient soil is adopted in the cultivation box 1, and the balcony roof fruit and vegetable planting can be realized by simulating the field environment conditions according to organic production regulations. The bottom of cultivation case 1 is equipped with storage water tank 2, and storage water tank 2 highly is about 50 millimeters, and storage water tank 2 passes through perforated plate 3 with the soil horizon of cultivation case 1 and keeps apart, and unnecessary water permeates through perforated plate 3 and gets into storage water tank 2 in the soil of cultivation case 1. The water storage tank 2 is provided with a liquid full reflux device 5 for draining water, the liquid full reflux device 5 is a siphon, and when the water level in the water storage tank 2 reaches a preset water level, the water is automatically drained. The siphon is the type of falling U, and outside flowing back pipeline is connected to one end, and 2 bottoms in the storage water tank are arranged in to one end, and the top of siphon is close to 3 lower parts of perforated plate, and along with the rising of the 2 interior surface of water of storage water tank, the water level in the siphon also rises, and water begins to flow out when the top that surpasss the siphon, at this moment the remaining air in top is driven by the flowing water, and the flowing water is negative pressure state along with water, can be like this continuously with 2 interior water aspirations of storage water tank to being close to.

The height in the cultivation box 1 is 300 mm, and the height in the deep-rooted plant cultivation box is more than 500 mm. The top of cultivation case 1 is equipped with the apron, and the material of apron is the same with the material of cultivation case 1, sets up a series of diameter 75 millimeters cultivation hole 6 on the apron, and hole interval 150 millimeters, establishes two semilunes humiture retaining plate 8 in the cultivation hole 6, and the top edge of two semilunes humiture retaining plate 8 is outstanding 1 millimeter, and its upper end diameter is 77 millimeters, and the lower extreme diameter is 74.5 millimeters, and two semilunes humiture retaining plate 8 insert in cultivating hole 6, guarantee can not fall down. Two semilunes humiture keeper 8 butt joints of the same size, and the plant that the centre formed stretches out hole 7, and the hole diameter is 30 millimeters, and plant stem portion stretches out the plant and stretches out hole 7 and grow, and the plant stretches out hole 7 still for in the cultivation case 1 with external gas exchange provide the passageway to ruderal growth space has been reduced. Two semilunar humiture retaining plates 8 are taken out during the cultivation operation and seedlings can be transplanted or harvested, the defect that the cover plate can not be taken out sometimes when a large plant is cultivated is overcome, and the humiture in the cultivation box 1 can be kept conveniently at ordinary times. The plant extraction hole 7 without cultivation is plugged with a sponge plug. In actual cultivation, the plant spacing and row spacing are determined by taking the distance of 150 mm as a unit according to the size of a plant, the plant spacing and row spacing of 150 mm can be adopted for leaf vegetables, 300 mm can be adopted for hot pepper, eggplant and the like, and the vegetable sponge, cucumber, bitter gourd and tomato are larger.

So set up, the balcony roof ventilates better, even if relative sealed air still can follow the plant stem space around and get into cultivation case 1 to the experiment shows that cultivation incasement soil can have the shrink along with plant root system growth, and cultivation incasement wall produces the space, and generates the aerial root on soil surface, can satisfy the root system and breathe needs.

In addition, the organic nutrient soil in the cultivation box 1 is made into a granular shape imitating a field, and the air permeability is good. The evaporation rate of water in the cultivation box 1 is reduced, the soil temperature is relatively stable and is close to the average temperature, high-temperature water shortage is avoided, the water evaporation is slow, the watering times are reduced, and the soil salinization and hardening are avoided. The cultivation box 1 has the heat preservation effect and can prevent the root system from being damaged by the frozen soil in the low-temperature frost period. The excess water enters the water storage tank 2 at the lower part of the cultivation box 1, and is discharged to an external water storage device through a siphon pipe after the water storage tank is full, so that water accumulation is prevented.

In addition, because the device has the functions of heat preservation, temperature reduction, heating and moisture preservation, the cover plate can be replaced by a shading net in summer, the cover plate can be replaced by a greenhouse film in winter, and the heating electric heating wire 28 can be laid in soil, so that a small greenhouse is formed, and the small rare flowers and the like can be germinated, grown and cultivated on the perforated plates in the greenhouse.

Two layers of wet towels can be spread on the porous plate 3 for germination acceleration, seeds are placed in the middle of the porous plate, the soil heating electric heating wire 28 and the soil humidity temperature sensor probe are placed in water in the water storage tank 2, and due to the convection characteristic of water, the germination acceleration temperature can be kept constant, so that the melon leaf vegetable seeds can be used for germination acceleration.

In the high-temperature seedling culture and rare flower cultivation, the cover plate can be removed, the shading net is covered on the cover plate to prevent direct sunlight, a thin layer of nutrient soil is directly paved on the perforated plate, the absorbent cotton strip is inserted downwards, a vegetable basin or a small commercially-sold flowerpot can be placed on the soil, seedlings and rare flowers are cultivated in the basin, and water can enter the upper soil layer from the lower water storage tank 2 through the capillary action to keep the soil moist. As the plain burning basin has good water absorption and is influenced by the air flow at the top of the balcony, water is easy to evaporate, the temperature in the cultivation box 1 is reduced after evaporation, the surrounding soil is the same, cold air sinks, and heat insulation materials are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the cultivation box 1, so that a moist and cool small environment is formed in the whole cultivation box 1. The small flowerpot sold in the market has almost the same effect due to the evaporation of soil water and pot soil water paved on the porous plate 3. In the low-temperature seedling culture and the cultivation of the cold-resistant rare flowers, the upper heat-insulating cover plate is replaced by a greenhouse film, and the operation is similar to the germination accelerating operation. The cultivation box 1 has the functions of heat preservation and heat dissipation, so that the requirements of family gardening can be met.

As optional implementation mode, in the embodiment of the utility model provides an in, still include drip irrigation emitter 9, drip irrigation emitter 9 is equipped with a plurality of driping irrigation heads, and each is driped irrigation the head and all stretches into cultivation case 1, and evenly distributed, and the head is driped irrigation and is watered to the soil in cultivation case 1.

In some embodiments, a heat dissipation fan is further included, the heat dissipation fan is communicated with the cultivation box 1 through a heat dissipation air inlet pipe 27, if the temperature in the cultivation box is high, air can be blown into the cultivation box 1 through the heat dissipation fan to dissipate heat, and the soil temperature is kept below 28 ℃.

In the preferred scheme of this embodiment, the drip irrigation system further comprises a soil humidity temperature sensor 10, a controller and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening or closing of the drip irrigation channel, wherein the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 and the electromagnetic valve are respectively communicably connected with the controller, and when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to open and the drip irrigation channel to open; when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to be closed, and the drip irrigation channel is closed; the cooling fan is connected with the controller in a communication mode, and when the soil humidity and temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box 1 is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be started; when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box 1 is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be turned off. By the arrangement, the soil humidity and temperature can be kept in a reasonable range all the time in the season of vigorous plant growth. The soil humidity temperature sensor can adopt a 4-20 mA (model VMS-3000-TR-I20) Wen Union brand soil humidity temperature transmitter, and the transmitter is provided with a soil humidity output line and a soil temperature output line. The two wires and the power ground end are respectively connected in series with a 100 ohm resistor in the electromagnetic valve, the cooling fan and the control circuit box 11, then the voltage change of 0.4-2.0V is corresponding to the current output of 4-20 mA at the side of the resistor close to the positive electrode, then the two resistors are respectively connected with an adjustable resistor at the side close to the positive electrode, and then an NPN type triode base (model 9013) is connected, the controller can be a relay, the side of the triode collector is respectively connected with the relay, the two relays are respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the small centrifugal cooling fan, when the soil humidity is too dry, the adjustable resistor is adjusted to be opened, the electromagnetic valve is opened, drip irrigation is carried out, and when the soil temperature is too.

The controller, the solenoid valve and the heat radiating fan are all disposed in the integration box 11 to prevent the exposure to the outside from being easily damaged. The controller, the electromagnetic valve and the cooling fan are all connected with the solar power supply device 24 through the power supply circuit 13.

The versatility of the apparatus is essential due to the narrow balcony area. As a preferred scheme, the equipment also has the functions of accelerating germination and raising seedlings in cold seasons. For example, many vegetable seeds such as bitter gourds and bottle gourds need to be heated for accelerating germination, and the seedlings need to be heated for raising seedlings after germination in early spring. The porous plate 3 is distributed with soil heating electric heating wires, only one NPN type triode is required to be additionally connected in the temperature control circuit, then the NPN type triode is connected with a relay, the normally closed end of the relay is connected with the soil heating electric heating wires, and the heating upper limit temperature is calibrated by rotating an adjustable resistor. When the heating temperature rises to the upper limit temperature, the relay acts, and the heating circuit is cut off; when the heating temperature is lower than the upper limit temperature, the relay power supply circuit is cut off, and the heating circuit is closed. A cooling and heating change-over switch is additionally arranged to prevent the malfunction of the cooling fan after heating, and the switch is changed to a cooling gear when cooling is needed in summer. The heating wire can be commercial power. Two layers of wet towels can be spread on the porous plate 3 for germination acceleration, seeds are placed in the middle of the porous plate, the soil heating electric heating wire 28 and the soil humidity temperature sensor probe are placed in water in the water storage tank 2, and due to the convection characteristic of water, the germination acceleration temperature can be kept constant, so that the melon leaf vegetable seeds can be used for germination acceleration.

In addition, the organic field-simulated cultivation equipment on the balcony roof also comprises a three-dimensional cultivation device 4, the area of the balcony is relatively narrow, a structure combining three-dimensional cultivation and planar cultivation is adopted, the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 comprises a lower water tank 15 positioned at the lower part, an upper water tank 14 positioned at the top and a water pump 16 used for pumping water in the lower water tank 15 into the upper water tank 14, an upper water pipe 17 is arranged between the lower water tank 15 and the upper water tank 14, and the upper water tank 14 is communicated with the drip irrigation emitter 9 through a lower water pipe 12. The water pump is characterized by further comprising a water level controller 22 electrically connected with the water pump, when the water level of the lower water tank 15 is higher than a first preset position, the water pump is controlled to be started by the water level controller 22, water in the lower water tank 15 is pumped into the upper water tank 14 through the water feeding pipe 17, and when the water level of the lower water tank 15 is lower than a second preset position, the water pump is controlled to be closed by the water level controller 22. The water level controller 22 is connected to the solar power supply device 24 through the power supply circuit 13. Further, the full liquid reflux device 5 is communicated with the lower water tank 15, so that the full liquid of the water storage tank 2 can automatically siphon and reflux into the lower water tank 15. If planar cultivation is used, the balcony guardrail 26 can be fixed on the inner side of the guardrail when it is of a metal structure, or can be directly placed on the ground or other shelves.

As an optional implementation manner, in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the upper water tank 14 is communicated with the tap water pipe, a ball float valve 18 is disposed between the tap water pipe and the upper water tank 14, when the water level of the upper water tank 14 is lower than a preset position, the ball float valve 18 is opened, and the water inlet channel is opened; when the water level of the upper water tank 14 is higher than the preset position, the ball float valve 18 is closed, and the water inlet passage is closed. So set up, make the automatic moisturizing of upper water pond 14, keep suitable water level.

Further, at least one cultivation shelf 20 for placing the cultivation box 1 is provided between the upper and

lower basins

14 and 15. The side of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4, which is positioned in the lower water pond 15, is also provided with a deep-root plant cultivation box 21, the structure of the deep-root plant cultivation box 21 is consistent with that of the cultivation box 1, and the depth of the soil layer of the deep-root plant cultivation box 21 is greater than that of the cultivation box 1. The water demand of large-scale melon and fruit plants such as pumpkin and wax gourd is large, and the large-scale melon and fruit plants are cultivated in the deep-root plant cultivation box 21, wherein the height of the cultivation box 1 is 300 mm, and the height of the deep-root plant cultivation box 21 is more than 500 mm. The bottom end of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 is provided with a tool placing layer 19 for placing the taken-down cover plate, cultivation hole accessories, plant protection tools and the like.

In order to keep the stability of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4, balcony ceiling fixing devices 23 are arranged at four corners of the top of a shelf of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4, each balcony ceiling fixing device 23 adopts an adjustable height increasing foot pad which adopts an internal and external thread sleeving structure, the outer side of an internal thread is inserted into a support pipe to be fixed, one end of an external thread is a foot pad, and the foot pad is screwed in to fix the internal thread and then is stretched and fixed with a balcony ceiling. In order to save energy and protect environment, the facility is completely powered by a solar photovoltaic power generation system, and a solar power supply device 24 is arranged at the top of the three-dimensional cultivation device 4. Still set up wifi remote camera 25 and remote control relay, but long-range cell-phone or computer real-time observation plant growth condition, equipment work such as long-range manual control water pump, solenoid valve. For better lighting, the whole device can be close to the balcony rails 26, and the water storage capacity and the number of the cultivation boxes 1 are determined according to the design bearing capacity.

The equipment can adopt a manual watering mode after the solar power supply is cut off in more seasons in rainy days. However, under the manual watering mode in the high-temperature period, the growth vigor of plants is not good in the automatic mode, the yield is not high in the automatic mode, and the labor intensity is high. In the manual watering mode, the hot period was experimented to be at least twice per box per day.

Compared with nutrient solution cultivation, the organic cultivation is simpler, the ordinary management is only needed to water after the nutrient soil and the fertilizer are filled, the pesticide allowed by organic production regulations is adopted, and the organic liquid fertilizer is applied in extra season during the vigorous growing season.

A series of experiments are carried out on some main vegetables, grapes and figs in the southeast of the 6 th building to the balcony and the roof according to organic production regulations, and the experiments prove that the effects can be achieved, and the types of the experiments are as follows: the formula comprises pepper, tomatoes, eggplants, cowpeas, kidney beans, loofah, cucumbers, wax gourds, pumpkins, balsam pears, watermelons, pakchoi, water spinach, sweet potatoes, scallion, agaric vegetables, grapes, figs, lettuce, amaranth and Chinese chives. All species generate aerial roots on the soil surface, no ponding exists even in the case of heavy rain on the roof, and the plants grow well. The growth vigor of the field crops is better than that of the field crops in the midsummer, because the field crops begin to lack water and the bottom layer shades more withered branches and patrinia leaves and more diseases and insect pests. On the basis, the shading net is additionally arranged on the cultivation frame in summer, and the film is additionally arranged around the cultivation frame in winter, so that the cultivation effect is better. This application has combined the advantage of balcony roof cultivation: the illumination is sufficient; the wind power is large and carbon dioxide is not lacked; the temperature difference between day and night is greatly beneficial to sugar accumulation; the pest and disease damage is relatively light, and the like; overcomes the defects of the prior balcony roof cultivation to a certain extent: the water is quickly lost, and the water is easily flooded in a rainy day in a sunny day; burning the seedlings at high temperature and freezing the seedlings at low temperature; less soil capacity, easy hardening and salinization, and the like. The advantages are mainly achieved by providing a relatively appropriate and stable root system growing environment which can meet organic production regulations through the balcony roof organic field-imitated cultivation equipment.

The field cultivation is suitable for root growth because of the deep soil layer, stable temperature, humidity, salinity, pH value and other physical and chemical properties. Balcony roof receives bearing capacity's restriction, can not take care of, and this application has solved this problem of root system growing environment unstability to a certain extent for the plant can grow with the environmental condition who is close the land for growing. Meanwhile, pure mountain soil, crop straw decomposed substances, mineral powder and the like are matched with organic nutrient soil, concentrated biogas slurry is used as top dressing, and heavy metal exceeding and pesticide residue are avoided. For balcony roof fruits and vegetables polluted by automobile tail gas in air proposed by some people, the plants are considered to have the same pollutant degrading function as the plants for growing flowers and purifying air, and trace carbon dioxide in the air is absorbed by pores of the plants, so that the gas exchange is weaker than the gas exchange of human respiration, and the balcony roof fruits and vegetables are worried about to be redundant when the tail gas pollutes the balcony roof fruits and vegetables. In addition, the ecological environment is greatly improved by the country, the urban ground greening is better, the vertical greening including balcony roof greening is also better, a plurality of pioneer plants help to purify air, and people can breathe fresher air and eat healthier and cleaner fruits and vegetables. The organic cultivation is green cultivation which can be continuously developed and is most in line with the requirements of plants.

It should be noted that, the device or the part of the different functions in each of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined, for example, the cultivation equipment for simulating the field in the balcony roof in this embodiment includes cultivation box 1 for cultivating the plant, the bottom of cultivation box 1 is equipped with storage water tank 2 of heat preservation material, be equipped with perforated plate 3 between storage water tank 2 and cultivation box 1, so that unnecessary water in the soil of cultivation box 1 passes through perforated plate 3 and gets into storage water tank 2, storage water tank 2 is equipped with the siphon that is used for the drainage, the top of cultivation box 1 is equipped with the apron, be equipped with a plurality of cultivation holes 6 on the apron, be equipped with two semilunar humiture retaining plates 8 in each cultivation hole 6 respectively, two semilunar humiture retaining plates 8 dock, in order to form the plant that supplies the plant stem to stretch. Still include drip irrigation emitter 9 and radiator fan, drip irrigation emitter 9 is equipped with a plurality of heads of driping irrigation, and each is driped irrigation the head and all stretches into cultivation case 1, and evenly distributed, and radiator fan communicates through heat dissipation air-supply line 27 with cultivation case 1. The drip irrigation system is characterized by further comprising a soil humidity and temperature sensor 10, a controller in communication connection with the soil humidity and temperature sensor 10 and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening or closing of a drip irrigation channel, wherein the heat dissipation fan and the electromagnetic valve are respectively in communication connection with the controller, and when the soil humidity and temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened, and the drip irrigation channel is opened; when the soil humidity temperature sensor 10 detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box 1 is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to be closed, and the drip irrigation channel is closed. Similarly, soil high temperature control is achieved by a controller controlling a cooling fan. And (3) soil low-temperature control: a heating electric heating wire 28 is laid in the cultivation box 1, the heating electric heating wire 28 is connected with commercial power, the on-off of the heating electric heating wire is controlled by a controller through a relay, and when a soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the temperature of soil in the cultivation box 1 is lower than a preset value, the controller is connected with a heating electric heating wire circuit; when the soil humidity temperature sensor detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box is higher than a preset value, the controller disconnects the heating electric heating wire circuit; the soil in the cultivation box 1 is cooled in summer and heated in winter and spring, and is selected through the change-over switch, so that misoperation of the cooling fan after heating is prevented, and the switch is switched to a cooling gear when the temperature needs to be reduced in summer.

The balcony roof organic simulated field cultivation equipment further comprises a three-dimensional cultivation device 4, the three-dimensional cultivation device 4 comprises a lower water pool 15, an upper water pool 14 and a water pump 16 used for pumping water in the lower water pool 15 into the upper water pool 14, an upper water pipe 17 is arranged between the lower water pool 15 and the upper water pool 14, the liquid full backflow device 5 is communicated with the lower water pool 15, and the upper water pool 14 is communicated with the drip irrigation emitter 9 through a lower water pipe 12. The upper water tank 14 is communicated with a tap water pipe, and a ball float valve 18 is arranged between the tap water pipe and the upper water tank 14. At least one cultivation shelf 20 for placing the cultivation box 1 is arranged between the upper water basin 14 and the lower water basin 15. The three-dimensional cultivation device 4 is further provided with a deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21, and the depth of soil in the deep-rooted plant cultivation box 21 is larger than that of soil in the cultivation box 1.

By the arrangement, the temperature of the root system is reduced in the high-temperature period to reach the average temperature of the local air temperature or lower to the local wet bulb temperature; preventing soil freezing in a low-temperature period; the rainwater is prevented from washing the soil, waterlogging caused by water accumulation is avoided, water-soluble fertilizer is not leached, and a sewer is not blocked due to slurry outflow; the watering amount is reduced, water is saved, soil hardening and salinization are avoided, and the defect of frequent watering is that salt in the soil is accumulated, a layer of salt frost is formed on the surface of the soil, and the plant growth is not favorable; weeds have no growth space and do not need to be weeded; the facility can create a moist and cool small environment for some small flowers and seedlings in a high-temperature period, and can form a small greenhouse in a low-temperature period; the evaporation of the water in the soil is reduced, the soil is kept in a proper wet state all the time, and in the experiment, almost all varieties generate aerial roots on the surface of the soil, and the aerial roots have a breathing function and can absorb the water in the air, thereby being more beneficial to the growth of plants. Can solve the problem that the small rare flowers and plants are lack of field and equipment in the family seedling raising and cultivation. And the device has multiple uses and can also be used for processing household food such as fermentation and the like.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An organic field-imitating cultivation device on the roof of a balcony, which is characterized by comprising a cultivation box (1) for cultivating plants, the cultivation box (1) is made of heat insulation materials, a water storage tank (2) is arranged at the bottom of the cultivation box (1), a porous plate (3) is arranged between the water storage tank (2) and the cultivation box (1) so as to lead the redundant water in the soil of the cultivation box (1) to enter the water storage tank (2) through the porous plate (3), the water storage tank (2) is provided with a full liquid reflux device (5) for draining water, the top of cultivation case (1) is equipped with the apron, be equipped with a plurality of cultivation holes (6) on the apron, each be equipped with two semilunes humiture retaining plate (8) in cultivation hole (6) respectively, two semilunes humiture retaining plate (8) butt joint, in order to form the plant that supplies the plant stem to stretch out and stretch out hole (7).

2. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a drip emitter (9), the drip emitter (9) being provided with a plurality of drip emitters, each of which projects into the cultivation tank (1) and is evenly distributed.

3. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a heat dissipation fan which communicates with the cultivation box (1) through a heat dissipation air inlet duct (27).

4. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a soil humidity temperature sensor (10), a controller communicably connected to the soil humidity temperature sensor (10), a solenoid valve for controlling opening or closing of a drip irrigation passage, and an integration box (11) for housing the radiator fan, the solenoid valve, and the controller, the radiator fan and the solenoid valve being communicably connected to the controller, respectively, the controller controlling the solenoid valve to open and the drip irrigation passage to open when the soil humidity temperature sensor (10) detects that the soil humidity inside the cultivation box (1) is lower than a preset value; when the soil humidity temperature sensor (10) detects that the soil humidity in the cultivation box (1) is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve to be closed, and the drip irrigation channel is closed; when the soil humidity and temperature sensor (10) detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box (1) is higher than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be started; when the soil humidity and temperature sensor (10) detects that the soil temperature in the cultivation box (1) is lower than a preset value, the controller controls the cooling fan to be turned off.

5. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a warming electric heating wire (28) is laid in the cultivation box (1).

6. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a three-dimensional cultivation device (4), wherein the three-dimensional cultivation device (4) comprises a lower water basin (15) located at the lower part, an upper water basin (14) located at the top part and a water pump (16) for pumping water from the lower water basin (15) into the upper water basin (14), an upper water pipe (17) is arranged between the lower water basin (15) and the upper water basin (14), the liquid full-flow return device (5) is communicated with the lower water basin (15), and the upper water basin (14) is communicated with the drip irrigation device (9) through a lower water pipe (12).

7. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the upper tank (14) is in communication with a tap water pipe, a ball float valve (18) is provided between the tap water pipe and the upper tank (14), and when the water level of the upper tank (14) is lower than a preset position, the ball float valve (18) is opened and a water inlet passage is opened; when the water level of the upper water tank (14) is higher than a preset position, the ball float valve (18) is closed, and the water inlet channel is closed.

8. The cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that at least one cultivation rack (20) for placing the cultivation boxes (1) is provided between the upper basin (14) and the lower basin (15).

9. A cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the spatial cultivation device (4) is further provided with a deep-rooted plant cultivation box (21), the depth of the soil in the deep-rooted plant cultivation box (21) being greater than the depth of the soil in the cultivation box (1).

10. A cultivation apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the bottom end of the spatial cultivation device (4) is provided with a tool placement layer (19).