CN210987461U

CN210987461U - System for preparing seedling substrate

Info

Publication number: CN210987461U
Application number: CN201921394790.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘峰
Original assignee: Hunan Noah Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Noah Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-26
Filing date: 2019-08-26
Publication date: 2020-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-26

Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for preparing matrix of growing seedlings, the system includes: the pretreatment device is provided with an agriculture and forestry biomass inlet and a biomass block outlet; the pyrolysis device is provided with a biomass block inlet, a biochar outlet and a high-temperature oil gas outlet; the oil-gas separation device is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and an oil-water mixture outlet; the oil-water separation device is provided with an oil-water mixture inlet, a biological oil outlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet; a purification device having a wood vinegar stock solution inlet and a wood vinegar solution outlet; the cooling and crushing device is provided with a biochar inlet and a cooled biochar powder outlet; the fermentation device is provided with a mushroom dreg inlet, a coconut shell powder inlet, an EM (effective microorganism) mushroom inlet and a fermentation material outlet; the drying device is provided with a fermented material inlet and a dried fermented material outlet; the cooling device is provided with a dried fermented material inlet and a cooled fermented material outlet; the mixing device is provided with a cooling fermentation material inlet, a premix inlet, a cooling charcoal powder inlet, a wood vinegar liquid inlet and a seedling substrate outlet.

Description

System for preparing seedling substrate

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the agricultural resourceization, concretely relates to system for preparing matrix of growing seedlings.

Background

With the development of the seedling raising industry in China, the traditional seedling raising mode gradually turns to an industrialized and intensive seedling raising mode represented by a plug seedling raising technology, and the seedling raising substrate also gradually develops towards a light substrate. At present, seedling culture substrates on the market are usually formed by combining turf, vermiculite, perlite and the like, wherein the turf is rich in organic matters and mineral substances and is widely applied to soilless culture and seedling culture, but the non-renewable characteristic of the turf restricts the development of the whole substrate and the seedling culture industry. In recent years, many scientific and technical personnel begin to research the application of agricultural and forestry wastes in seedling culture, and some progress is made. However, if the agricultural and forestry wastes are not thoroughly treated, special diseases and insect pests, chemical toxicity and the like are caused, and the seedling quality is poor.

Therefore, the existing technology for preparing the seedling substrate needs to be further improved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, an object of the utility model is to provide a system for preparing seedling substrate adopts this system can prepare the seedling substrate that can improve the useful microorganism of soil organic matter and soil simultaneously to can show improvement agricultural product output.

In one aspect of the present invention, the utility model provides a system for preparing a seedling substrate. According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, the system includes:

a pretreatment device having an agriculture and forestry biomass inlet and a biomass cake outlet;

the pyrolysis device is provided with a biomass block inlet, a biochar outlet and a high-temperature oil gas outlet, and the biomass block inlet is connected with the biomass block outlet;

the oil-gas separation device is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and an oil-water mixture outlet, and the high-temperature oil-gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature oil-gas outlet;

the oil-water separation device is provided with an oil-water mixture inlet, a biological oil outlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet, and the oil-water mixture inlet is connected with the oil-water mixture outlet;

the purification device is provided with a wood vinegar stock solution inlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet, and the wood vinegar stock solution inlet is connected with the wood vinegar stock solution outlet;

the cooling and crushing device is provided with a biochar inlet and a cooled biochar powder outlet, and the biochar inlet is connected with the biochar outlet;

the fermentation device is provided with a mushroom dreg inlet, a coconut shell powder inlet, an EM (effective microorganism) mushroom inlet and a fermentation material outlet;

the drying device is provided with a fermented material inlet and a dried fermented material outlet, and the fermented material inlet is connected with the fermented material outlet;

the cooling device is provided with a dried fermented material inlet and a cooled fermented material outlet, and the dried fermented material inlet is connected with the dried fermented material outlet;

the mixing device is provided with a cooling fermentation material inlet, a premix inlet, a cooling charcoal powder inlet, a wood vinegar liquid inlet and a seedling substrate outlet, the cooling fermentation material inlet is connected with the cooling fermentation material outlet, the cooling charcoal powder inlet is connected with the cooling charcoal powder outlet, and the wood vinegar liquid inlet is connected with the wood vinegar liquid outlet.

According to the utility model discloses system of matrix of growing seedlings is through supplying with agriculture and forestry living beings to pyrolysis device in carries out pyrolysis treatment, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains after oil-gas separation and water oil separation of high temperature oil gas that obtains continues purification treatment, the wood vinegar that obtains and the fermentation material mixture after the fermentation of the premix and fungus sediment and the coconut husk powder of pyrolysis in-process that obtains, inorganic nutrient and compound microorganism, wherein charcoal not only can increase soil organic matter content, play the nutrient slow-release effect, and to restoreing soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, charcoal in this application uses agriculture and forestry living beings to prepare as the raw materials simultaneously, not only realized the utilization of the resource of agriculture and forestry living beings, and showing the raw materials cost who has reduced the matrix, and wood vinegar contains multiple material such as mellow wine, the material cost of matrix, The mixture of phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof is applied to soil, the insecticidal and bactericidal effects can be achieved, the premix can make up the defect that the substrate lacks microbial activity, the fungus residues belong to waste, the fungus residues and fermentation materials obtained after fermentation of coconut shell powder are added to prepare the seedling substrate, the organic matter content and the air permeability of the seedling substrate can be improved, therefore, the biochar generated by pyrolysis and the premix as well as the fermentation materials obtained after fermentation of the fungus residues and the coconut shell powder are mixed together to produce the seedling substrate, the returning of agriculture and forestry biomass to fields is realized, soil organic matters are increased, the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, beneficial microbial floras are supplemented, the seedling quality is improved, and the functions of protecting seedling roots and cultivating soil fertility can be achieved after the substrate and seedlings are transplanted together. Seedling raising tests show that: compared with the traditional seedling raising substrate, the seedling emergence rate, the plant height, the stem thickness, the dry weight of the whole plant and the disease resistance are obviously improved, and the obvious difference exists.

In addition, the system for preparing a seedling substrate according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:

optionally, the pyrolysis device is a heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a heat accumulating type radiant tube in the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace. Therefore, the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass can be realized.

Optionally, the system further comprises: the bio-oil direct-fired boiler is provided with a fuel inlet and a steam outlet, the fuel inlet is connected with at least one of the pyrolysis gas outlet and the bio-oil outlet, and the steam outlet is connected with the drying device. Therefore, the production cost of the seedling substrate is reduced while the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing a seedling substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a system for preparing a seedling substrate according to still another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of preparing a growth substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a seedling substrate according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In one aspect of the present invention, the utility model provides a system for preparing a seedling substrate. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the system includes: a pretreatment device 100, a pyrolysis device 200, an oil-gas separation device 300, an oil-water separation device 400, a purification device 500, a cooling and crushing device 600, a fermentation device 700, a drying device 800, a cooling device 900, and a mixing device 1000.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, preprocessing device 100 has agriculture and forestry living beings entry 101 and biomass piece export 102, and is suitable for carrying out the preliminary treatment with agriculture and forestry living beings, obtains the biomass piece. Specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass in the application refers to wastes generated in the production and processing processes of agriculture and forestry, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice hulls, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, in the step, the pretreatment process can be a step in the prior art, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, namely the pretreatment device can comprise devices, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, which are sequentially connected, specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass is firstly crushed to about 1cm, and then the briquetting is in a 10cm cubic shape.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, pyrolysis device 200 has biomass piece entry 201, biochar export 202 and high temperature oil gas export 203, and biomass piece entry 201 links to each other with biomass piece export 102, and is suitable for the biomass piece that obtains above-mentioned to carry out the pyrolysis treatment, obtains biochar and high temperature oil gas. Specifically, the pyrolysis device is heat accumulation formula radiant tube revolving bed retort, and it provides the heat source of pyrolysis for heat supply in the heat accumulation formula radiant tube revolving bed retort with the form of heat radiation, and the temperature is 450 ~ 550 degrees centigrade in the pyrolysis treatment process, preferred 500 degrees centigrade, and the pyrolysis time is 45 ~ 55min, preferred 50min, and high temperature oil gas export 203 is established at the top of pyrolysis device 200 to set up double helix ejection of compact machine (not shown) in charcoal export 202 department.

Specifically, under the condition of oxygen deficiency or low oxygen, the stable substance rich in fixed carbon generated by high-temperature pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry biomass is biochar which mainly comprises elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and the like, wherein the carbon content is over 65 percent, the biochar is mainly composed of closely-stacked and highly-twisted aromatic ring sheets, the pore structure is developed, and the biochar has a larger specific surface area; the surface of the biochar is rich in functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl and the like, and the biochar has good adsorption performance; in addition, the biochar is rich in organic matters and medium and trace elements. Meanwhile, the biochar has very wide preparation raw materials, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice husks, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, is low in cost, is beneficial to realizing resource utilization of wastes, and can also produce a large amount of energy products such as bio-oil and combustible gas as byproducts in the production process of the biochar. Research shows that the biochar can improve the content of organic matters and mineral nutrients in soil after being applied to the soil, effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, passivate harmful pollutants in the soil, preserve water and fertilizer and have certain slow release effect, improve the utilization rate of soil nutrients, improve the supply of the available nutrients in the soil, improve the nutrient absorption capacity of crops, and further achieve the effects of losing weight, improving efficiency and continuously preserving the soil. In addition, the biochar can provide good environment and nutrition for the propagation and growth of microorganisms, improve the population structure of the microorganisms, improve the activity of soil microorganisms and improve the ground temperature.

According to the embodiment of the utility model, oil-gas separation device 300 has high temperature oil gas entry 301, pyrolysis gas export 302 and oil-water mixture export 303, high temperature oil gas entry 301 links to each other with high temperature oil gas export 203, and pyrolysis gas export 302 links to each other with the heat accumulation formula radiant tube on the pyrolysis device 200, and be suitable for the high temperature oil gas that obtains to the aforesaid and carry out oil-gas separation and handle, the separation obtains pyrolysis gas and oil-water mixture, and partly (40 ~ 50% of pyrolysis gas total amount) the heat accumulation formula radiant tube that supplies to the pyrolysis device of the pyrolysis gas that will produce uses as fuel. Specifically, cooling water and high-temperature oil gas are in reverse contact for heat exchange, separation of pyrolysis gas is achieved, and an oil-water mixture is obtained.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, oil water separator 400 has oil water mixture entry 401, biological oil export 402 and wood vinegar stoste export 403, and oil water mixture entry 401 links to each other with oil water mixture export 303, and is suitable for the oil water mixture who obtains above-mentioned to carry out oil water separation, and the separation obtains biological oil and wood vinegar stoste. Specifically, the oil-water separation device can be a standing device, namely, an oil-water mixture is subjected to standing treatment, and the separation of the bio-oil and the wood vinegar stock solution can be realized according to different densities of components in the oil-water mixture.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, purifier 500 has wood vinegar stoste entry 501 and wood vinegar export 502, and wood vinegar stoste entry 501 links to each other with wood vinegar stoste export 403, and is suitable for and carries out purification treatment with the wood vinegar stoste that the aforesaid obtained, obtains wood vinegar. Specifically, the wood vinegar stock solution prepared by pyrolyzing biomass contains tar. The purification device can be a distillation device, for example, a normal pressure distillation method is adopted, low boiling point component acids and water in the wood vinegar stock solution are distilled out in the distillation process, then high boiling point components such as phenols and the like are distilled out, tar colored harmful substances with relatively large molecular weight and complex structure in the vinegar solution are removed through repeated distillation of the distilled fraction, and the solution with the residual color changed from reddish brown to light yellow is the wood vinegar solution obtained after purification. The wood vinegar is a mixture mainly containing acid, and contains multiple substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and their derivatives, and has effects of killing parasite, sterilizing, disinfecting soil, and promoting plant growth.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, cooling reducing mechanism 600 has biochar entry 601 and the export 602 of cooling charcoal powder, and biochar entry 601 links to each other with biochar export 202, and is suitable for the biochar that obtains among the above-mentioned pyrolysis device to cool off shredding, obtains cooling charcoal powder. Specifically, the biochar is cooled, crushed and sieved to obtain 80-100 mesh biochar powder, and specific conditions for cooling and crushing the biochar are not particularly limited as long as 80-100 mesh biochar powder can be obtained.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, fermenting installation 700 has fungus sediment entry 701, coconut husk powder entry 702, EM fungus entry 703 and fermentation material export 704, and is suitable for and carries out mixed fermentation with fungus sediment, coconut husk powder and EM fungus, obtains the fermentation material. Specifically, the fungus residues are derived from a culture material after the edible fungi are cultured, the edible fungi are cultured in bag materials by using straw, wood chips and other raw materials, and the remainder of the culture medium after the edible fungi are harvested is the fungus residues which are a compound of components such as edible fungi mycelium residues and crude fibers; in the process, the mushroom dregs and the coconut husk powder are crushed to about 2mm, then the mushroom dregs, the coconut husk powder and EM bacteria are added into a fermentation tank, and then water is added to decompose and mature for about 12 days.

According to a specific embodiment of the utility model, fungus sediment, coconut husk powder and EM fungus mass ratio are (1 ~ 2): (2-3): (0.01-0.05). The inventor finds that the mushroom dregs belong to waste, and are mixed with coconut shell powder and EM bacteria for fermentation, so that the resource utilization of mushroom dregs waste can be realized, the mushroom dregs contain rich organic matters and mineral elements, the air permeability is good, the problem that the mushroom dregs are directly used to burn roots and seedlings is solved after fermentation, in addition, a large amount of harmful bacteria are usually bred in the mushroom dregs, crop diseases are easy to frequently occur, the mushroom dregs can be sterilized and bacteriostatic through fermentation, a large amount of beneficial microbial bacteria can be increased, and multiple purposes are achieved. And the addition of the coconut husk powder can further improve the air permeability of the matrix. The EM bacteria are used for treating the bacterial residues and the coconut shell powder material, so that the fermentation of the material can be accelerated, the decomposition and the conversion of organic substances of the material can be promoted, and the nutritional conditions of the fermented material can be effectively improved. Furthermore, by adopting the mixing proportion, the organic matter content and the air permeability of the seedling substrate can be improved, and the recycling of the mushroom dreg waste can be realized.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, drying device 800 has fermentation material entry 801 and dry fermentation material export 802, and fermentation material entry 801 links to each other with fermentation material export 704, and is suitable for the fermentation material that obtains above-mentioned and carries out the drying to obtain dry fermentation material. It should be noted that any heating method can be adopted in the drying process, and those skilled in the art can select the heating method according to actual needs, and preferably, the indirect heat exchange method is adopted. Specifically, the water content of the obtained dry fermentation material is 20-30% (mass percentage). .

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, cooling device 900 has dry fermented material entry 901 and cooling fermented material export 902, and dry fermented material entry 901 links to each other with dry fermented material export 802, and is suitable for the dry fermented material that obtains with the aforesaid and carries out cooling treatment, obtains cooling fermented material. It should be noted that any cooling method can be adopted in the cooling process, and a person skilled in the art can select the cooling method according to actual needs, and preferably, the cooling method adopts normal-temperature air for cooling for 20-30 min. Specifically, the temperature of the obtained cooled fermentation material is 30-40 ℃.

According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, mixing arrangement 1000 has cooling fermentation material entry 1001, premix entry 1002, cooling charcoal powder entry 1003, pyroligneous liquor entry 1004 and matrix of growing seedlings export 1005, cooling fermentation material entry 1001 links to each other with cooling fermentation material export 902, cooling charcoal powder entry 1003 links to each other with cooling charcoal powder export 602, pyroligneous liquor entry 1004 links to each other with pyroligneous liquor export 502, and be suitable for the cooling fermentation material that obtains above-mentioned, contain vermiculite, inorganic nutrient and compound microorganism's premix, cooling charcoal powder and pyroligneous liquor mix, obtain the matrix of growing seedlings. Specifically, the premix comprises vermiculite, inorganic nutrients and composite microorganisms, wherein the vermiculite is expanded vermiculite obtained by crushing raw vermiculite ore powder and roasting at the high temperature of 1000 ℃, the inorganic nutrients comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, the composite microorganisms are at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the organic matter content in the cooled charcoal powder is 40-80 wt%, and the pH value of wood vinegar liquid is 3.2-4.5. The inventor finds that the biochar not only can increase the organic matter content of soil and play a role in slowly releasing nutrients, but also has positive effects on repairing heavy metal pollution of soil and solving soil hardening, meanwhile, the biochar in the application is prepared by taking agriculture and forestry biomass as a raw material, so that the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized, the raw material cost of the substrate is obviously reduced, wood vinegar contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof, the wood vinegar can play a role in killing insects and bacteria when being applied to the soil, the premix can make up the defect that the substrate lacks microbial activity, the bacterial slag belongs to waste, the fermentation material obtained after the fermentation of the wood vinegar and coconut husk powder is added to prepare the seedling substrate, the organic matter content and the air permeability of the seedling substrate can be improved, and the biochar produced by pyrolysis and the premix and the fermentation material obtained after the fermentation of the bacterial slag and the coconut husk powder are mixed, not only is the agricultural and forestry biomass returned to the field increased with soil organic matters, but also the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, and beneficial microbial flora is supplemented, so that the seedling quality is improved, and simultaneously, the substrate and the seedlings are transplanted together to play the roles of protecting the root systems of the seedlings and cultivating soil fertility.

According to a specific embodiment of the utility model, the cooled fermentation material, vermiculite, inorganic nutrients, composite microorganisms, cooled charcoal powder and wood vinegar are (10-20) by mass: (0.5-1): (2-5): (2-5): (2-3): (0.1-0.3) mixing. The inventor finds that the fermentation materials and the inorganic nutrients play roles in nutrients and air permeability, the phenomenon of low emergence rate can be generated when the fermentation materials and the inorganic nutrients are excessive, and the condition of insufficient nutrients in the later period can be generated when the fermentation materials and the inorganic nutrients are small; the vermiculite mainly has the function of increasing the air permeability and the water retention of the matrix, and is proper; the compound microorganism is an active component in the matrix, mainly plays a role in activating nutrients and enhancing the resistance of seedlings, and is prepared in a proper amount; the biochar can increase the organic matter content of soil, has a nutrient slow-release effect, has a large amount of inhibition effect on the growth of seedlings, and has a small amount of reduced nutrient slow-release effect; the wood vinegar can change the pH value of the matrix, and the wood vinegar is acidic when being used in a large amount and has a weak insecticidal and bactericidal effect when being used in a small amount. Therefore, the content of organic matters and beneficial microorganisms in the seedling culture substrate can be simultaneously improved by adopting the mixing proportion, so that the quality of seedlings can be obviously improved.

According to the utility model discloses system of matrix of growing seedlings is through supplying with agriculture and forestry living beings to pyrolysis device in carries out pyrolysis treatment, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains after oil-gas separation and water oil separation of high temperature oil gas that obtains continues purification treatment, the wood vinegar that obtains and the fermentation material mixture after the fermentation of the premix and fungus sediment and the coconut husk powder of pyrolysis in-process that obtains, inorganic nutrient and compound microorganism, the charcoal wherein not only can increase soil organic matter content, play the nutrient slowly-releasing effect, and to restoreing soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, the charcoal in this application uses agriculture and forestry living beings to prepare as the raw materials simultaneously, not only realized the utilization of the resource of agriculture and forestry living beings, and showing the raw materials cost who has reduced the matrix, and contain multiple material such as mellow wine, the material is solid, The mixture of phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof is applied to soil, the insecticidal and bactericidal effects can be achieved, the premix can make up the defect that the substrate lacks microbial activity, the fungus residues belong to waste, the fungus residues and fermentation materials obtained after fermentation of coconut shell powder are added to prepare the seedling substrate, the organic matter content and the air permeability of the seedling substrate can be improved, therefore, the biochar generated by pyrolysis and the premix as well as the fermentation materials obtained after fermentation of the fungus residues and the coconut shell powder are mixed together to produce the seedling substrate, the returning of agriculture and forestry biomass to fields is realized, soil organic matters are increased, the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, beneficial microbial floras are supplemented, the seedling quality is improved, and the functions of protecting seedling roots and cultivating soil fertility can be achieved after the substrate and seedlings are transplanted together. Seedling raising tests show that: compared with the traditional seedling raising substrate, the seedling emergence rate, the plant height, the stem thickness, the dry weight of the whole plant and the disease resistance are obviously improved, and the obvious difference exists.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the system further includes: and the biological oil direct-fired boiler 1100 is provided with a fuel inlet 1101 and a steam outlet 1102, wherein the fuel inlet 1101 is connected with at least one of the pyrolysis gas outlet 302 and the biological oil outlet 402, the steam outlet 1102 is connected with the drying device 800, and the biological oil direct-fired boiler is suitable for feeding at least one of the other part of the pyrolysis gas obtained in the oil-gas separation device and the biological oil obtained in the oil-water separation device into the biological oil direct-fired boiler for combustion to obtain steam, and feeding the generated steam into the drying device for use as a drying medium. Therefore, the production cost of the seedling substrate can be reduced while the resource utilization of the agricultural and forestry waste is realized.

For ease of understanding, the method of preparing the growth substrate using the above system is described in detail below. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the method includes:

s100: supplying the agriculture and forestry biomass into a pretreatment device for pretreatment

In the step, the agriculture and forestry biomass is supplied to a pretreatment device for pretreatment, and a biomass block is obtained. Specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass in the application refers to wastes generated in the production and processing processes of agriculture and forestry, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice hulls, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, in the step, the pretreatment process can be a step in the prior art, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, namely the pretreatment device can comprise devices, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, which are sequentially connected, specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass is firstly crushed to about 1cm, and then the briquetting is in a 10cm cubic shape.

S200: feeding biomass blocks into a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment

In the step, the biomass blocks obtained are supplied to a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment, and biochar and high-temperature oil gas are obtained. Specifically, the pyrolysis device is a heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace, the heat radiation form is used for providing a pyrolysis heat source for heat supply in the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace, the temperature is 450-550 ℃, the preferred temperature is 500 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 45-55 min, and the preferred time is 50 min.

S300: supplying high-temperature oil gas into the oil-gas separation device for oil-gas separation treatment, and supplying part of pyrolysis gas to the step S200

In the step, the obtained high-temperature oil gas is supplied to an oil-gas separation device for oil-gas separation treatment, so that a pyrolysis gas and oil-water mixture is obtained, and a part (40-50% of the total amount of the pyrolysis gas) of the generated pyrolysis gas is supplied to a heat accumulating type radiant tube on the pyrolysis device in the step S200 to be used as a fuel. Specifically, cooling water and high-temperature oil gas are in reverse contact for heat exchange, separation of pyrolysis gas is achieved, and an oil-water mixture is obtained.

S400: feeding the oil-water mixture into an oil-water separator for separation

In the step, the obtained oil-water mixture is supplied to an oil-water separation device for separation treatment, so that bio-oil and wood vinegar stock solution are obtained. Specifically, the oil-water separation device can be a standing device, namely, an oil-water mixture is subjected to standing treatment, and the separation of the bio-oil and the wood vinegar stock solution can be realized according to different densities of components in the oil-water mixture.

S500: supplying wood vinegar stock solution to a purification device for purification treatment

In this step, the wood vinegar stock solution obtained above is supplied to a purification apparatus to be purified, thereby obtaining wood vinegar solution. Specifically, the wood vinegar stock solution prepared by pyrolyzing biomass contains tar. The purification device can be a distillation device, for example, a normal pressure distillation method is adopted, low boiling point component acids in the wood vinegar stock solution are distilled out together with water in the distillation process, then high boiling point components such as phenols and the like are distilled out, tar colored harmful substances with relatively large molecular weight and complex structure in the vinegar solution are removed through repeated distillation of the distilled fraction, the remaining color is changed from reddish brown to light yellow, namely the wood vinegar solution obtained after purification is a mixture which mainly contains acid and contains various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof, and the wood vinegar solution has the effects of killing insects, sterilizing, disinfecting soil, promoting plant growth and the like.

S600: supplying the biochar into a cooling and crushing device for treatment

In this step, the charcoal obtained in step S200 is supplied to a cooling and pulverizing apparatus and processed to obtain cooled charcoal powder. Specifically, the biochar is cooled, crushed and sieved to obtain 80-100 mesh biochar powder, and specific conditions for cooling and crushing the biochar are not particularly limited as long as 80-100 mesh biochar powder can be obtained.

S700: feeding the mushroom dregs, coconut shell powder and EM bacteria into a fermentation device for fermentation

In the step, the mushroom dregs, the coconut shell powder and the EM bacteria are supplied to a fermentation device for fermentation, and a fermentation material is obtained. Specifically, the fungus residues are derived from a culture material after the edible fungi are cultured, the edible fungi are cultured in bag materials by using straw, wood chips and other raw materials, and the remainder of the culture medium after the edible fungi are harvested is the fungus residues which are a compound of components such as edible fungi mycelium residues and crude fibers; in the process, the mushroom dregs and the coconut husk powder are crushed to about 2mm, then the mushroom dregs, the coconut husk powder and EM bacteria are added into a fermentation tank, and then water is added to decompose and mature for about 12 days.

S800: feeding the fermented material to a drying device for drying

In this step, the fermented material is supplied to a drying device to be dried, thereby obtaining a dried fermented material. It should be noted that any heating method can be adopted in the drying process, and those skilled in the art can select the heating method according to actual needs, and preferably, the indirect heat exchange method is adopted. Specifically, the water content of the obtained dry fermentation material is 20-30% (mass percentage).

S900: feeding the dry fermented material into a cooling device for cooling

In this step, the dried fermented material obtained above is supplied to the cooling device to be cooled, and a cooled fermented material is obtained. It should be noted that any cooling method can be adopted in the cooling process, and a person skilled in the art can select the cooling method according to actual needs, and preferably, the cooling method adopts normal-temperature air for cooling for 20-30 min. Specifically, the temperature of the obtained cooled fermentation material is 30-40 ℃.

S1000: and in the step of supplying the cooled fermented material, the premix, the cooled charcoal powder and the wood vinegar liquid into a mixing device for mixing, mixing the obtained cooled fermented material, the premix containing vermiculite, inorganic nutrients and composite microorganisms, the cooled charcoal powder and the wood vinegar liquid to obtain the seedling culture substrate. Specifically, the premix comprises vermiculite, inorganic nutrients and composite microorganisms, wherein the vermiculite is expanded vermiculite obtained by crushing raw vermiculite ore powder and roasting at the high temperature of 1000 ℃, the inorganic nutrients comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, the composite microorganisms are at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the organic matter content in the cooled charcoal powder is 40-80 wt%, and the pH value of wood vinegar liquid is 3.2-4.5. The inventor finds that the biochar not only can increase the organic matter content of soil and play a role in slowly releasing nutrients, but also has positive effects on repairing heavy metal pollution of soil and solving soil hardening, meanwhile, the biochar in the application is prepared by taking agriculture and forestry biomass as a raw material, so that the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized, the raw material cost of the substrate is obviously reduced, wood vinegar contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof, the wood vinegar can play a role in killing insects and bacteria when being applied to the soil, the premix can make up the defect that the substrate lacks microbial activity, the bacterial slag belongs to waste, the fermentation material obtained after the fermentation of the wood vinegar and coconut husk powder is added to prepare the seedling substrate, the organic matter content and the air permeability of the seedling substrate can be improved, and the biochar produced by pyrolysis and the premix and the fermentation material obtained after the fermentation of the bacterial slag and the coconut husk powder are mixed, not only is the agricultural and forestry biomass returned to the field increased with soil organic matters, but also the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, and beneficial microbial flora is supplemented, so that the seedling quality is improved, and simultaneously, the substrate and the seedlings are transplanted together to play the roles of protecting the root systems of the seedlings and cultivating soil fertility.

According to a specific embodiment of the utility model, the cooled fermentation material, vermiculite, inorganic nutrients, composite microorganisms, cooled charcoal powder and wood vinegar are (10-20) by mass: (0.5-1): (2-5): (2-5): (2-3): (0.1-0.3) mixing. The inventor finds that the fermentation materials and the inorganic nutrients play roles in nutrients and air permeability, the phenomenon of low emergence rate can be generated when the fermentation materials and the inorganic nutrients are excessive, and the condition of insufficient nutrients in the later period can be generated when the fermentation materials and the inorganic nutrients are small; the vermiculite mainly has the function of increasing the air permeability and the water retention of the matrix, and is proper; the compound microorganism is an active component in the matrix, mainly plays a role in activating nutrients and enhancing the resistance of seedlings, and is prepared in a proper amount; the biochar can increase the organic matter content of soil, has a nutrient slow-release effect, has a large amount of inhibition effect on the growth of seedlings, and has a small amount of reduced nutrient slow-release effect; the wood vinegar can change the pH value of the matrix, and the wood vinegar is acidic when being used in a large amount and has a weak insecticidal and bactericidal effect when being used in a small amount. Therefore, the content of organic matters in the seedling substrate and the content of beneficial microorganisms in soil can be simultaneously improved by adopting the mixing proportion, so that the quality of seedlings can be obviously improved.

According to the utility model discloses a method for preparing matrix of growing seedlings carries out pyrolysis treatment in supplying with agriculture and forestry living beings to pyrolysis device, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains after oil-gas separation and oil-water separation of high temperature oil gas that obtains continues purification treatment, the wood vinegar that obtains mixes with the biochar that obtains among the pyrolysis process and the fermentation material that contains vermiculite, inorganic nutrient and compound microorganism's premix and fungus sediment and coconut husk powder fermentation, wherein biochar not only can increase soil organic matter content, play the nutrient slow-release effect, and it has the positive effect to restoreing soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, biochar in this application uses agriculture and forestry living beings to prepare as the raw materials simultaneously, not only has realized the utilization of resources of agriculture and forestry living beings, and the raw materials cost of matrix has been showing to be reduced, and wood vinegar contains multiple material such as mellow wine, the material cost, the wood vinegar, The mixture of phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof is applied to soil, the insecticidal and bactericidal effects can be achieved, the premix can make up the defect that the substrate lacks microbial activity, the fungus residues belong to waste, the fungus residues and fermentation materials obtained after fermentation of coconut shell powder are added to prepare the seedling substrate, the organic matter content and the air permeability of the seedling substrate can be improved, therefore, the biochar generated by pyrolysis and the premix as well as the fermentation materials obtained after fermentation of the fungus residues and the coconut shell powder are mixed together to produce the seedling substrate, the returning of agriculture and forestry biomass to fields is realized, soil organic matters are increased, the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, beneficial microbial floras are supplemented, the seedling quality is improved, and the functions of protecting seedling roots and cultivating soil fertility can be achieved after the substrate and seedlings are transplanted together. Seedling raising tests show that: compared with the traditional seedling raising substrate, the seedling emergence rate, the plant height, the stem thickness, the dry weight of the whole plant and the disease resistance are obviously improved, and the obvious difference exists.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the method further includes:

s1100: at least one of the other part of the pyrolysis gas obtained in the step S300 and the bio-oil obtained in the step S400 is supplied to a bio-oil direct-fired boiler to be burned, and steam is supplied to the step S800

In this step, at least one of the other part of the pyrolysis gas obtained in the oil-gas separation device of step S300 and the bio-oil obtained in the oil-water separation device of step S400 is supplied to a bio-oil direct-combustion boiler to be combusted, thereby obtaining steam, and the generated steam is supplied to the drying device of step S800 to be used as a drying medium. Therefore, the production cost of the seedling substrate can be reduced while the resource utilization of the agricultural and forestry waste is realized.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for preparing a growth substrate, comprising:

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis apparatus is a regenerative radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to a regenerative radiant tube in the regenerative radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

the bio-oil direct-fired boiler is provided with a fuel inlet and a steam outlet, the fuel inlet is connected with at least one of the pyrolysis gas outlet and the bio-oil outlet, and the steam outlet is connected with the drying device.