CN210985963U - Mixed type friction nano generator - Google Patents
Mixed type friction nano generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN210985963U CN210985963U CN201921530888.4U CN201921530888U CN210985963U CN 210985963 U CN210985963 U CN 210985963U CN 201921530888 U CN201921530888 U CN 201921530888U CN 210985963 U CN210985963 U CN 210985963U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of nanometer power generation equipment is relevant, and a mixed type friction nanometer generator is disclosed, it includes insulating packaging layer, ground shield, insulating layer, first conductive element, with first conductive element lower surface contact place first frictional layer, second conductive element, with the second conductive element upper surface contact place the second frictional layer, be located the third frictional layer in the middle of first frictional layer and the second frictional layer. When the device works, the lower surface of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the second friction layer are respectively contacted and separated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the third friction layer under the action of external force to generate relative sliding friction, and meanwhile, the friction areas of the first friction layer and the second friction layer are changed according to the difference of the magnitude and the direction of the applied external force, and alternating current pulse electric signals are output to an external circuit through the conductive element. Through the utility model discloses, not only can effectively improve nanometer generator's generating efficiency and output capacity, can give better comprehensive properties of this nanometer electricity generation sensor moreover.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of nanometer power generation equipment is relevant, more specifically relates to a mixed type friction nanometer generator.
Background
Today, with the rapid development of microelectronics and materials technologies, a large number of novel multifunctional and highly integrated microelectronic devices are continuously developed, and show unprecedented application prospects in various fields in people's daily life. However, the power supply systems matched to these microelectronic devices have been relatively slow to develop. At present, various researches around development of new energy and recycling of renewable energy are actively conducted around the world, and therefore, it is very important to develop a technology capable of converting naturally occurring mechanical energy such as motion and vibration into electric energy.
In recent years, the nano generator based on the triboelectric effect is developed rapidly, and a very promising approach is provided for converting mechanical energy into electric energy to drive electronic devices by virtue of high-efficiency output, simple process and stable performance of the nano generator. According to retrieval, some technical schemes of the nano-generator based on the tribostatic effect have been proposed in the prior art. For example, CN201810714708.1 discloses a friction nano-generator, in which first to fourth friction layers are coaxially arranged, and through the contact of the first friction layer and the second friction layer and the contact of the third friction layer and the fourth friction layer, relative rotation generates friction, so that the generator starts to generate electricity. For another example, CN201510232639.7 discloses a rotary friction nano-generator, which comprises at least one set of first friction unit and second friction unit, and is in contact friction with each of the first and second friction units through a third component, so that triboelectric charges are generated on the two friction units respectively. Furthermore, some nanogenerator products are disclosed in the prior art that are not in the form of shafts but in the form of stacks.
However, further studies have shown that the above prior art still has the following drawbacks or disadvantages: firstly, no matter the friction power generation equipment adopts a laminated form or an axial form, the same friction layer of the friction power generation equipment only has one polarity, so that the number, the specific arrangement mode, the overall configuration and the like of the friction layers are greatly limited; secondly, there is a need for improvement in output efficiency and output performance, and it is necessary to increase compatibility with a working environment. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements that provide better coverage of the various complex needs in practical applications.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To prior art's above defect and improvement demand, the utility model aims to provide a mixed type friction nanometer generator, wherein design again through basic configuration and the theory of operation to this friction nanometer generator, can make a frictional layer material in single power generation device possess simultaneously just, two kinds of polarities of burden and change as required, compare with current equipment more sensitively will apply the mechanical energy on the friction nanometer generator and turn into the electric energy, still possess compact structure simultaneously, be convenient for control, can effectively improve advantages such as generating efficiency and the output capacity of nanometer generator.
According to the utility model discloses, provide a mixed type friction nanometer generator, its characterized in that, this friction nanometer generator wholly is range upon range of formula structure to include first insulation packaging layer, first ground connection shielding layer, first insulating layer, first conductive element, first frictional layer, third frictional layer, second conductive element, second insulating layer, second ground connection shielding layer and the insulating packaging layer of second in proper order along direction of height from the top down, wherein:
the lower surface of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the second friction layer are used for being respectively contacted and separated with the corresponding surface of the third friction layer, relative sliding friction is generated, the friction area is changed, surface charge transfer on the friction layers is caused, the surface charge transfer is conducted to the first conducting element and the second conducting element through the guiding circuit, a transient circuit is generated, and accordingly alternating current pulse electric signals are output to an external circuit through the conducting elements.
It is further preferable that the rubbing electrode orders of the first, second and third rubbing layers are different from each other, that is, different from each other in the degree of attraction to electric charges, and the rubbing electrode order of the third rubbing layer is between the first and second rubbing layers.
As a further preference, the lower surface of the first friction layer and/or the upper surface of the second friction layer and/or the upper and lower surfaces of the third friction layer are preferably distributed with micro-or sub-micro-scale microstructures; and these microstructures are preferably selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nano-grooves, micro-grooves, nano-cones, micro-cones, nano-spheres or micro-spheres.
As a further preference, the lower surface of the first friction layer and/or the upper surface of the second friction layer and/or the upper and lower surfaces of the third friction layer are preferably provided with a decoration or coating of nanomaterial.
It is further preferable that the lower surface of the first friction layer and/or the upper surface of the second friction layer and/or the upper and lower surfaces of the third friction layer are chemically modified so that a functional group which easily gains electrons, for example, a functional group such as an acyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, or a sulfonic acid group, is introduced into the material of the lower surface of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the third friction layer, and/or a functional group which easily loses electrons, for example, a functional group such as an amino group, a hydroxyl group, or an alkoxy group, is introduced into the material of the upper surface of the second friction layer and/or the material of the upper surface of the third friction layer.
As a further preference, the lower surface of the first friction layer and/or the upper surface of the second friction layer and/or the upper and lower surfaces of the third friction layer are chemically modified so that a negative charge is introduced at the lower surface material of the first friction layer and/or the lower surface of the third friction layer and/or a positive charge is introduced at the upper surface material of the second friction layer and/or the upper surface of the third friction layer. Furthermore, the chemical modification is achieved by means of chemical bonding to introduce charged groups.
As a further preference, the lower surface of the first friction layer and/or the upper surface of the second friction layer and/or the upper and lower surfaces of the third friction layer are preferably further provided with a plurality of friction units arranged in discrete arrays, and the arrangement pattern of the respective friction units on the oppositely disposed friction layers is kept in correspondence, and it is ensured that, in operation, each friction unit on the lower surface of the first friction layer is in partial contact with at least one friction unit on the upper surface of the third friction layer, and each friction unit on the upper surface of the second friction layer is in partial contact with at least one friction unit on the lower surface of the third friction layer.
As a further preference, the first and second conductive elements are films or sheets; the first friction layer, the second friction layer and the third friction layer are preferably films or sheets.
As a further preference, the first friction layer, the second friction layer, the third friction layer, the first conductive element, the second conductive element are hard or flexible.
Preferably, the cross section of the first friction layer, the first conductive element, the second conductive element and the second friction layer is preferably in a semi-elliptical ring shape or a semi-circular ring shape; the cross section of the third friction layer is preferably rectangular, circular or elliptical, and the cross sections of the insulating packaging layer and the grounding shielding layer are preferably elliptical or circular.
Preferably, when the hybrid friction nano-generator is in a non-operating state, the lower surface of the first friction layer is separated from the upper surface of the third friction layer, and the upper surface of the second friction layer is separated from the lower surface of the third friction layer; in the working state, the lower surface of the first friction layer is in contact with the upper surface of the third friction layer and generates relative friction, and the upper surface of the second friction layer is in contact with the lower surface of the third friction layer and generates relative friction.
As a further preference, the third friction layer is made of a conductive material, and the conductive material is preferably selected from indium tin oxide, graphene, silver nanowire film, metal, alloy, conductive oxide or conductive polymer; wherein the metal is gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, tin, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium; the alloy is an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, a beryllium alloy, a copper alloy, a zinc alloy, a manganese alloy, a nickel alloy, a lead alloy, a tin alloy, a cadmium alloy, a bismuth alloy, an indium alloy, a gallium alloy, a tungsten alloy, a molybdenum alloy, a niobium alloy, or a tantalum alloy.
As a further preference, the lower surface of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the second friction layer are preferably made of an insulating material or a semiconductor material, wherein the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon, wool and its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene terephthalate, Neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly (vinylidene chloride-CO-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol a carbonate, polychlorinated ether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly (2, 6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly diphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or parylene; and the semiconductor material is selected from the following undoped materials: silicon, germanium, group III and V compounds, group II and VI compounds, solid solutions consisting of group III-V compounds and group II-VI compounds, amorphous glass semiconductors and organic semiconductors, wherein the group III and V compounds are selected from gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide; the group II and VI compounds are selected from the group consisting of thiofides and zinc sulfides; the solid solution consisting of group III-V compounds and group II-VI compounds is selected from gallium aluminum arsenic and gallium arsenic phosphorus.
As a further preference, the material of the lower surface of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the second friction layer is preferably non-conductive oxide, semiconductor oxide or complex oxide, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxine-oxide, zinc oxide, BiO2And Y2O3。
As a further preference, the lower surface of the first friction layer and the lower surface of the third friction layer are preferably a friction electrode sequence material with negative polarity, selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly diphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene.
Preferably, the upper surfaces of the second and third friction layers are preferably positive friction electrode sequence materials selected from aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon, wool and its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, steel, and silicon.
That is, the triboelectric series material with the negative polarity on the lower surface of the third friction layer is a positive-polarity triboelectric series material with respect to the upper surface material of the second friction layer, and the triboelectric series material with the positive polarity on the upper surface of the third friction layer is a negative-polarity triboelectric series material with respect to the lower surface material of the first friction layer.
Generally, according to the utility model discloses a flexible touch sensor of paper base and manufacturing method compare with prior art, mainly possess following technical advantage:
1. new breakthrough in structure and principle. The utility model discloses a mixed type friction generator has three frictional layer, and wherein the third frictional layer can have two kinds of polarities of positive, burden simultaneously under operating condition to form alternating current pulse signal output between first conductive element and second conductive element, therefore different with traditional friction generator electricity generation principle, provide a brand-new friction generator design thinking.
2. The output performance is more excellent. The upper surface of the first friction layer and the lower surface of the second friction layer in the generator are physically or chemically modified, and a nanostructure pattern is introduced or a nanometer material is coated, so that the contact charge density generated when the three friction layers contact and slide relatively under the action of external force of the friction nanometer generator can be further improved, and the output capacity of the generator is improved.
3. The energy is utilized efficiently. The generator of the utility model does not need large-scale and high-intensity energy input, and only needs the input mechanical energy to drive the relative sliding among the first friction layer, the second friction layer and the third friction layer, so that the mechanical energy with various intensities generated in the nature and the daily life of people can be effectively collected and converted into electric energy, and the high-efficiency utilization of the energy is realized; moreover, the friction nano generator simultaneously comprises a plurality of generating elements, so that the output power can be greatly improved.
4. Simple structure, light weight, portability and high compatibility. The utility model discloses a generator need not parts such as magnet, coil, rotor, and simple structure, the volume is very little, and preparation is convenient, low cost, can install on various can make first frictional layer, second frictional layer and third frictional layer produce relative slip's device, need not special operational environment, consequently has very high compatibility.
5. Is less interfered by the outside. The utility model discloses a friction generator has added the ground connection shielding layer, and its ground connection of during operation is handled, can effectively shield the interference of external environment factor for device output performance is more excellent. When the generator is used as a sensor, the sensitivity is higher.
6. Has wide application. The generator of the utility model can not only be used as a small power source, but also be used for high-power generation; in addition, the friction nano generator of the utility model can provide direct current output through the bridge rectifier circuit, so as to be used by equipment requiring direct current; furthermore, the utility model discloses a generator also can be used as the sensor, for example apply to real-time supervision driver's driving state on the safety belt as pressure sensor or strain sensor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall construction of a hybrid friction nano-electricity generating sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view for specifically explaining the operation principle of the frictional nanogeneration sensor shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid triboelectric nano-power sensor in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the open circuit voltage output for the triboelectric nanogenerator shown in FIG. 1 at 2.5mm cyclic compression;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the open circuit voltage output of the triboelectric nanogenerator shown in FIG. 3 at cyclic compression and a pressure of 5N;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram for exemplarily displaying driving state monitoring on a safety belt after the friction nano-generator of the present invention is arrayed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The utility model provides a simple structure's friction nanometer generator of turning into electrical energy with the mechanical energy of natural existence such as motion, vibration can provide the power of matching or as the sensor for miniature electron device. The utility model discloses a friction nanometer generator has utilized the polarity in the friction electrode preface to produce the phenomenon that surface charge shifted when there is the material contact of difference, turns into the electric energy with the mechanical energy of external force.
The utility model discloses in "friction electrode preface", refer to the sequencing that according to the attraction degree of material to electric charge goes on it, two kinds of materials are in the twinkling of an eye of looks mutual friction, and the more negative material surface of polarity shifts to friction electrode preface from the more positive material surface of polarity in the friction electrode preface negative charge on the friction surface. To date, there is no unified theory that fully explains the mechanism of charge transfer, which is generally believed to be related to the surface work function of the material, by the transfer of electrons or ions at the interface. It should be noted that the rubbing electrode sequence is only an empirical statistical result, i.e. the farther the two materials are apart in the sequence, the greater the probability that the positive and negative charges generated after contact will correspond to the sequence, and the actual result will be influenced by various factors, such as the surface roughness of the materials, the ambient humidity, and whether there is relative friction. It is further noted that the transfer of charge does not require relative friction between the two materials, as long as there is mutual contact.
The term "contact charge" as used herein means the charge carried on the surface of the material having a difference in polarity between the two types of friction electrode sequences after contact friction and separation, and generally, the charge is distributed only on the surface of the material, and the maximum depth of the charge distribution is about 10 nm. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is the sign of the net charge, that is, there may be a region where negative charges are accumulated in a local area on the surface of the material having positive contact charge, but the sign of the net charge on the whole surface is positive.
For convenience of explanation, the principles of the present invention, the selection of components, and the range of materials will be described below with reference to the exemplary structure of fig. 1, but it should be apparent that these matters are not limited to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, but may be applied to all technical solutions disclosed in the present invention.
First exemplary embodiment:
fig. 1 is a typical structure of the hybrid friction nano-generator of the present invention, which includes: the package structure comprises an insulating packaging layer 10, a ground shield layer 20, an insulating layer 30, a first conductive element 401, a first friction layer 501 placed in contact with the lower surface of the first conductive element, a second conductive element 402, a second friction layer 502 placed in contact with the upper surface of the second conductive element, and a third friction layer 60 located between the first friction layer and the second friction layer. The third friction layer 60 is made of conductive material, so that an insulating layer 30 is added in the middle. When the lower surface of the first friction layer 501 and the upper surface of the third friction layer 60 rub against each other, the upper surface of the second friction layer 502 and the lower surface of the third friction layer 60 rub against each other, and the friction areas of the two friction layers change due to the external force, an electrical signal can be output to an external circuit through the first conductive element 401 and the second conductive element 402 due to the difference in the electrode sequence of friction among the material of the first friction layer 501, the material of the second friction layer 502, and the third friction layer 60.
The utility model discloses a friction nanometer generator's theory of operation, see figure 2. In fig. 2(a) to 2(d), when the lower surface of the first friction layer 501 and the upper surface of the third friction layer 60 are relatively slid and rubbed by the pressure applied to the insulating encapsulation layer 10, and the upper surface of the second friction layer 502 and the lower surface of the third friction layer 60 are relatively slid and rubbed, and the friction areas of the two friction layers are changed due to the difference in the magnitude and direction of the applied pressure, the friction process causes the surface charge transfer of the friction layers due to the difference in the friction electrode order among the material of the first friction layer 501, the material of the second friction layer 502, and the third friction layer 60.
Referring to fig. 2(b), in order to shield an electric field formed by surface charges generated by friction remaining in the first and second friction layers 501 and 502 due to the gradual increase of the contact area of the friction layer region, free electrons in the second conductive member 402 flow to the first conductive member 401 through an external circuit, generating a transient current.
Referring to fig. 2(d), when the external force is released or in the reverse direction, in order to shield an electric field formed by surface charges generated by friction remaining in the first and second friction layers 501 and 502 due to the gradual reduction of the contact area of the friction layer region, electrons in the first conductive member 401 flow back to the second conductive member 402, thereby giving a current in the reverse direction.
The first friction layer 501 and the second friction layer 502 are respectively made of materials with different triboelectric characteristics, which means that the two friction layers are at different positions in the friction electrode sequence, so that the two friction layers can generate contact charges on the surfaces during the friction process. Both conventional insulating materials and semiconductor materials have triboelectric properties, and can be used as materials for preparing the first friction layer 501 and the second friction layer 502 of the present invention.
The insulation may be selected from a number of commonly used organic polymeric and natural materials including aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon, wool and fabrics, silk and fabrics, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and fabrics, polyurethane elastomers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly (vinylidene chloride-CO-acrylonitrile), poly (ethylene-CO-butylene oxide), poly (ethylene-CO-butylene oxide), poly (ethylene, Poly bisphenol a carbonate, polychlorinated ether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly (2, 6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly diphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and parylene.
Commonly used semiconductor materials are selected from the following undoped materials: silicon, germanium, group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide, and the like; group II and VI compounds such as sulfuryl, zinc sulfide, etc.; solid solutions composed of group III-V compounds and group II-VI compounds, such as gallium aluminum arsenic and gallium arsenic phosphorus;in addition to the above crystalline semiconductor, an amorphous glass semiconductor, an organic semiconductor, or the like can be selected; non-conductive oxides, semiconductive oxides or complex oxides may also be used as the tribolayer material, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, BiO2And Y2O3。
The thickness of first frictional layer 501 and second frictional layer 502 is right the utility model discloses an implementation is not showing the influence, only needs factors such as frictional layer intensity and generating efficiency of comprehensive consideration at the in-process that sets up. The utility model discloses preferred frictional layer is the thin layer, and thickness is 50nm-2cm, preferred 100nm-lcm, more preferred 1um-5mm, more preferred 10um-2mm, and these thicknesses are right in the utility model discloses all technical scheme all are suitable for.
The third friction layer 60 is made of a conductive material, and its triboelectric series should be between that of the first friction layer 501 and the second friction layer 502, the conductive material includes: indium tin oxide, graphene, silver nanowire films, metals, alloys, conductive oxides, or conductive polymers; wherein the metal is gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, tin, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium; the alloy is an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, a beryllium alloy, a copper alloy, a zinc alloy, a manganese alloy, a nickel alloy, a lead alloy, a tin alloy, a cadmium alloy, a bismuth alloy, an indium alloy, a gallium alloy, a tungsten alloy, a molybdenum alloy, a niobium alloy, or a tantalum alloy.
The first conductive element 401, the second conductive element 402, and the ground shield 20 only need to have a conductive property, and may be selected from indium tin oxide, graphene, a silver nanowire film, a metal, an alloy, a conductive oxide, or a conductive polymer; wherein the metal is gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, tin, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium; the alloy is an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, a beryllium alloy, a copper alloy, a zinc alloy, a manganese alloy, a nickel alloy, a lead alloy, a tin alloy, a cadmium alloy, a bismuth alloy, an indium alloy, a gallium alloy, a tungsten alloy, a molybdenum alloy, a niobium alloy, or a tantalum alloy.
The conductive elements may be films, sheets or plates, preferably films and sheets.
The first conductive element 401 and the second conductive element 402 may be connected to an external circuit through a wire or a metal film.
The utility model discloses do not restrict first frictional layer 501 and second frictional layer 502 and must be hard material, also can select flexible material, because the hardness of material does not influence the sliding friction effect between the two, and the technical personnel in this field can select according to actual conditions. Moreover, the generator made of flexible material has the advantage that the soft and light friction layer is deformed by a slight external force, and the deformation causes the relative displacement of the two friction layers, thereby outputting an electrical signal outwards through sliding friction. The use of flexible materials makes the nano-generator of the present invention very widely applicable also in the fields of biology and medicine. During the use process, a high polymer material with ultrathin, soft, elastic and/or transparent properties can be used as a substrate for packaging so as to facilitate the use and improve the strength. Obviously, all the structures disclosed in the present invention can be made of corresponding super-soft and elastic materials, so as to form a flexible nano-generator, which is not described herein in detail, but various designs derived therefrom should be included in the protection scope of the present patent.
For reasons of space, it is not exhaustive that all possible materials may be mentioned, and it is clear that only a few specific materials are mentioned here, but that these specific materials are not limiting factors for the scope of the invention, since other similar materials can be easily selected by the skilled person in the art according to the triboelectric properties that these materials have in the light of the teaching of the present invention.
It has been found experimentally that the greater the difference in triboelectric properties between the friction layer contacting surface materials, the stronger the electrical signal output by the generator. Therefore, the friction layers contacting with each other can be prepared by selecting appropriate materials according to actual needs. A triboelectric electrode sequence material having a negative polarity, preferably selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly diphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and parylene; the material of the triboelectric electrode sequence with positive polarity is preferably selected from the group consisting of aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethylcellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabrics, silk and its fabrics, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabrics, polyurethane elastomers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester.
The surface of the first friction layer 501 and/or the second friction layer 502 which are in contact with each other may be chemically modified, so that the amount of charge transferred at the moment of contact can be further increased, and the contact charge density and the output power of the generator can be increased. Chemical modification is divided into two types:
one method is to introduce a functional group which is more prone to lose electrons (i.e. a strong electron-donating group) on the surface of a material with positive polarity or introduce a functional group which is more prone to obtain electrons (a strong electron-withdrawing group) on the surface of a material with negative polarity, for the surface materials of the first friction layer 501 and/or the second friction layer 502 which are in contact with each other, so that the transfer amount of charges during mutual sliding can be further increased, and the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator can be increased. Strong electron donating groups include: amino, alkynyl, alkoxy, and the like; strongly electron-withdrawing groups include: acyl, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic acid, and the like. The functional group can be introduced by a conventional method such as plasma surface modification. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen may be used to generate plasma at a certain power to introduce amino groups on the surface of the friction layer material.
Another method is to introduce positive charges on the surface of the rubbing layer material with positive polarity and negative charges on the surface of the rubbing layer material with negative polarity. In particular, the bonding can be achieved by means of chemical bonding. For example, the surface of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) friction layer may be modified with Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) by hydrolysis-condensation (sol-gel), so as to be negatively charged. Gold nanoparticles having cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the upper surface may be modified by gold-sulfur bonding on the metallic gold thin film layer, and the entire friction layer may be positively charged because cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a cation. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable modifying material to bond with the friction layer according to the electron properties and the types of surface chemical bonds of the friction layer material, so as to achieve the purpose of the present invention, and therefore such modifications are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Second exemplary embodiment:
fig. 3 is another exemplary structure of the hybrid friction nano-generator of the present invention, which includes: insulating encapsulation layers 101 and 102, ground shield layers 201 and 202, insulating layers 301 and 302, spacers 701 and 704, a first conductive element 401, a first friction layer 501 disposed in contact with a lower surface of the first conductive element, a second conductive element 402, a second friction layer 502 disposed in contact with an upper surface of the second conductive element, and a third friction layer 60 disposed between the first friction layer and the second friction layer. Wherein the third friction layer 60 is a non-conductive material. When pressure is applied to the insulating encapsulation layer, the lower surface of the first friction layer 501 and the upper surface of the third friction layer 60 rub against each other, the upper surface of the second friction layer 502 and the lower surface of the third friction layer 60 rub against each other, and the rubbing areas of the two rubbing against each other are changed, an electrical signal can be output to an external circuit through the first conductive element 401 and the second conductive element 402 due to the difference in the electrode sequence of rubbing among the material of the first friction layer 501, the material of the second friction layer 502, and the third friction layer 60.
This embodiment has the same general structure as the embodiment shown in fig. 1, except that the third friction layer 60 is a non-conductive material and does not need to be separated by an insulating layer in the middle; the upper and lower insulating packaging layers, the grounding shielding layer and the insulating layer are separated and not integrated; in order to ensure the friction layers are separated from each other in the initial state (without external force), a gasket 701-704 is added between each friction layer. The power generation principle of the friction generator with the configuration is basically the same as that shown in fig. 2. In addition, the cross-sectional view of the entire device is changed from an oval shape to a rectangular shape.
The material of the spacers 701 and 704 is preferably selected from conventional insulating materials and semiconductor materials.
The insulation may be selected from a number of commonly used organic polymeric and natural materials including aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabrics, silk and its fabrics, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabrics, polyurethane elastomers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly (vinylidene chloride-CO-acrylonitrile), poly (ethylene-CO-butylene phthalate), poly (ethylene-CO-styrene), poly (ethylene-butylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene, Poly bisphenol a carbonate, polychlorinated ether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly (2, 6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly diphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and parylene;
commonly used semiconductor materials are selected from the following undoped materials: silicon, germanium, group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide, and the like; group II and VI compounds such as sulfuryl, zinc sulfide, etc.; solid solutions composed of group III-V compounds and group II-VI compounds, such as gallium aluminum arsenic and gallium arsenic phosphorus; in addition to the above crystalline semiconductor, an amorphous glass semiconductor, an organic semiconductor, or the like can be selected; non-conductive oxides, semiconductive oxides or complex oxides may also be used as the tribolayer material, including silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, BiO2And Y2O3；
The thickness of the spacers 701 and 704 is selected to isolate the friction layer according to the structure and size of the device. The utility model discloses preferred thickness is 0.5mm-2cm, preferred 1mm-5mm, and these thicknesses are right in the utility model discloses in all technical scheme all be suitable for.
The width of the spacers 701 and 704 should be smaller than the width of each friction layer to ensure that some areas of each friction layer contact each other and generate friction when an external force is applied.
In the process of continuously contacting and separating the first friction layer 501, the second friction layer 502 and the third friction layer 60 by the applied external force, the first conductive element 401 and the second conductive element 402 connected with the external circuit output alternating current pulse electrical signals with alternating directions to the external circuit, so that the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy is realized.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, the configuration of the friction nanogenerator shown in fig. 1 is selected, the insulating encapsulation layer 10 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with a thickness of 3um and a size of 13mm × 26mm, the ground shielding layer 20 is a copper film with a thickness of 5um and a size of 13mm × 26mm, the insulating layer 30 is a Polyimide (PI) film with a thickness of 3um and a size of 13mm × 26mm, the first conductive element 401 is a copper film with a thickness of 5um and a size of 12.5mm × 12.5.5 mm, the first friction layer 501 is a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with a thickness of 1um and a size of 12mm × 12mm, the second conductive element is a copper film with a thickness of 5um and a size of 12.5mm × 12.5.5 mm, the second friction layer 502 is a copper film with a thickness of 2um and a size of 12mm × 12mm, the third friction layer 60 is a PTFE film with a thickness of 1um and a size of 10mm × 10mm, the first friction layer is a PTFE layer, the third friction layer is a conductive layer, and the third friction layer is formed by etching of a conductive film with a gap between the first conductive layer and the second friction layer, wherein the second friction layer is a conductive layer, and the third friction layer is formed by an ICP array of paper, and the ICP array is formed by etching process, and the ICP.
After the metal copper foils of the first conductive element and the second conductive element are led out with the leads, the linear motor is used for controlling the acrylic sheet to compress the PET of the device insulation packaging layer in a reciprocating mode, when the maximum compression amount of the whole device is 2.5mm, the lower surface of the PTFE of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the aluminum foil of the third friction layer are subjected to relative friction, the upper surface of the paper of the second friction layer and the lower surface of the aluminum foil of the third friction layer are subjected to relative friction, the friction area is periodically changed, the friction nano-generator is driven to work, and the generated open-circuit voltage output graph is shown in figure 4.
Example 2:
the friction nano-generator configuration shown in FIG. 3 is selected in this embodiment, the material types and thicknesses of the layers are substantially the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the second friction layer 502 is a Polyamide (PA) film with a thickness of 2um, the third friction layer 60 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with a thickness of 3um, the size of the gasket 701-704 is 1cm × 1cm × 6mm, and the distance between the first friction layer PTFE and the second friction layer PA and the third friction layer is 6mm in an initial state (without external force) in which the length and width of the remaining layers are both 1cm × 1 cm..
After the metal copper foils of the first conductive element and the second conductive element are led out with wires, the linear motor is used for controlling the acrylic sheet to compress the device insulating packaging layer in a reciprocating mode, when the maximum pressure borne by the whole device is 5N, the lower surface of the PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the PET (polyethylene terephthalate) of the third friction layer are subjected to relative friction, the upper surface of the polyamide film of the second friction layer and the lower surface of the PET of the third friction layer are subjected to relative friction, the friction area is periodically changed, the friction nano-generator is accordingly promoted to work, and the generated open-circuit voltage output graph is shown in figure 5.
The utility model discloses a friction nanometer generator can utilize translation kinetic energy to make the generator produce the electric energy, for small-size electrical apparatus provides the power, and does not need mains operated such as battery, is a convenient to use's generator. In addition, because the motion that exists in nature and human life can both form the friction, consequently the utility model provides a power generation method and nanometer generator and generating set based on independent frictional layer can be used for collecting the mechanical energy in a lot of living environment, like the walking of people, the marcing of vehicle etc.. The friction nano generator of the utility model has simple and convenient preparation method and low preparation cost, and is a friction nano generator with wide application range.
The friction nanometer generator of the utility model can be used as a sensor, for example, for measuring the quality of an object, measuring stress, strain and the like, and can also be used for monitoring the driving posture of a driver, the friction generator in the example 1 is arrayed and placed on a safety belt, the specific placement position is shown in figure 6, in the driving process, due to the difference of the actions and postures of the driver, the safety belt is intermittently contacted with the shoulder and the waist of a human body, the contact area is changed, the lower surface of PTFE of a first friction layer and the upper surface of aluminum foil of a third friction layer have relative friction, the upper surface of paper of the second friction layer and the lower surface of the aluminum foil of the third friction layer have relative friction, the first conductive element and the second conductive element are connected through electrode leads, thereby forming a passage, generating voltage and current, and drawing the voltage distribution diagram of the sensor in the driving process, the driving action of the driver can be judged according to the difference of the voltage and the frequency, so that the non-standard driving state of the driver is evaluated.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A hybrid friction nanogenerator, wherein the friction nanogenerator has a stacked structure as a whole and sequentially comprises a first insulating packaging layer, a first ground shielding layer, a first insulating layer, a first conductive element, a first friction layer, a third friction layer, a second conductive element, a second insulating layer, a second ground shielding layer and a second insulating packaging layer from top to bottom along a height direction, wherein:
the lower surface of the first friction layer and the upper surface of the second friction layer are used for being respectively contacted and separated with the corresponding surface of the third friction layer, relative sliding friction is generated, the friction area is changed, surface charge transfer on the friction layers is caused, the surface charge transfer is conducted to the first conducting element and the second conducting element through the guiding circuit, a transient circuit is generated, and accordingly alternating current pulse electric signals are output to an external circuit through the conducting elements.
2. A hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the triboelectric orders of the first, second and third friction layers are different from each other, i.e. different from each other in the degree of attraction to electric charges, and the triboelectric order of the third friction layer is between the first and second friction layers.
3. A hybrid friction nanogenerator according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the surface of the first friction layer and the second friction layer is further distributed with micro-or sub-micro-scale micro-structures selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nano-grooves, micro-grooves, nano-cones, micro-cones, nano-spheres and micro-sphere structures.
4. A hybrid friction nanogenerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the first friction layer and the second friction layer is further provided with a plurality of friction units which are discretely arranged in an array, and the arrangement patterns of the friction units on the first friction layer and the second friction layer which are oppositely arranged are kept in correspondence.
5. A hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 4, wherein the cross-section of the first friction layer, the first conductive element, the second friction layer is semi-elliptical ring-shaped or semi-circular ring-shaped; the cross section of the third friction layer is rectangular, circular or elliptical, and the cross sections of the insulating packaging layer and the grounding shielding layer are elliptical or circular.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112134485A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 清华大学 | Contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing deformation of friction material |
| CN113815707A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-21 | 同济大学 | Method and system for monitoring holding posture of steering wheel of driver |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112134485A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 清华大学 | Contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing deformation of friction material |
| CN113815707A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-21 | 同济大学 | Method and system for monitoring holding posture of steering wheel of driver |
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