CN210867626U - Current-limiting protection circuit of switching tube - Google Patents
Current-limiting protection circuit of switching tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN210867626U CN210867626U CN201922343206.5U CN201922343206U CN210867626U CN 210867626 U CN210867626 U CN 210867626U CN 201922343206 U CN201922343206 U CN 201922343206U CN 210867626 U CN210867626 U CN 210867626U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit, include: the reference voltage generating module is connected with the input end of the switching tube and used for setting the current-limiting reference voltage; the sampling module is connected with the output end of the switching tube to obtain sampling voltage; the comparison module compares the reference voltage with the sampling voltage and outputs a comparison result; and the driving module controls the switch tube to be switched on and off based on the comparison result so as to realize current limiting. The utility model has simple circuit and accurate current limiting point; the reaction is rapid, and the response time is short; the stability is high; the circuit is simple and reliable, and the grid-source voltage of the switch can be controlled to be constant; the power consumption is low; the self-recovery circuit has a self-recovery function, and a delay starting circuit is additionally arranged to prevent the output from oscillating due to repeated starting in too short time.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a microelectronics integrated circuit technical field especially relates to a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit.
Background
MOSFETs are widely used as switches in laptop computers, cellular phones, and similar various applications. Many such products have internal circuit components that are very sensitive to overcurrent conditions. If one element in a circuit is shorted, the resulting increase in current flowing through the circuit will damage or destroy the remaining elements in the circuit. For example, in a computer Universal Serial Bus (USB) application, if a user shorts out the USB port, there is a risk that the short will propagate back to the computer and damage other systems within the computer. It is therefore desirable to provide a protection circuit that limits the maximum current of a MOSFET, which detects an overcurrent condition and turns off the switch sufficiently so that the current does not reach a level that would damage the product.
Generally, a MOSFET should have a very low on-resistance. By presetting the maximum current at a safe level, the overcurrent condition can be responded to very quickly. Response time is very important because the longer the circuit goes into an overcurrent condition, the greater the likelihood of damage. The system to be protected must be designed to a certain degree beyond the safety standards in order to withstand the current pulses that occur before the current-limiting protection circuit is protected, which leads to additional costs. The current-limiting protection circuit with quick response can effectively reduce the total amount required by the design of the over-safety standard.
In many current limiting protection circuits, a sampling circuit is usually connected in parallel with a MOSFET, and the current flowing through the sampling circuit is detected. Fig. 1 shows a conventional current limiting protection circuit, with MOSFET 82 having a set percentage of the current flowing through MOSFET 80. The output of the amplifier 88 controls the MOSFET90 so that the positive (+) and negative (-) phase inputs of the amplifier 88 are approximately equal (dashed short). V of MOSFET80 and MOSFET 82DSEqual, the current flowing through both is approximately the same as the width and length of the MOSFETs 80 and 82And (4) proportion distribution. When there is no load current Iout, amplifier 88 biases MOSFET90 off, with no current through resistor RSET 84. When the load current Iout increases, the current flowing through the resistor RSET84 increases, causing the voltage SET to increase and be sent to the non-inverting input (+) of the current limiting amplifier 86. When the voltage SET exceeds the internal voltage Vref, the output of the current limiting amplifier 86 controls the gates of the MOSFETs 80 and 82, reducing their current. Because this loop contains two amplifiers, its response to over-current and short-circuit conditions is relatively slow. Also, when VOUT is below Vref, the circuit does not limit current because the voltage SET is limited below VOUT by MOSFET90, and current continues to increase without changing the output of current limiting amplifier 86. The over-current condition may continue all the time, causing damage to the system.
In addition, the sampling circuit has a disadvantage that another parallel MOSFET 82 is required, the proportion of the two MOSFETs is very different, and the current flowing through the two MOSFETs is not strictly proportioned under the same VDS voltage due to the characteristics of the MOSFETs or the defects of the manufacturing process, which causes the phenomenon of premature protection or delayed protection at the critical limit point. Also, when the MOSFET80 is an external MOS, the circuit is not applicable. The MOSFET 82 with the same technology as the MOSFET80 cannot be found inside the integrated circuit, and the voltage-current characteristic curves of the two are completely different, so that the sampling significance is completely lost.
Therefore, how to provide a current-limiting protection circuit with simple structure, short response time, simple process and easy implementation has become one of the problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above shortcomings in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a switching tube current-limiting protection circuit for solving the problems of complex structure, long response time, complex process, difficulty in implementation, etc. of the switching tube current-limiting protection circuit in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a switching tube current-limiting protection circuit, which at least comprises:
the device comprises a reference voltage generating module, a sampling module, a comparing module and a driving module;
the reference voltage generation module is connected with the input end of the switching tube and sets current-limiting reference voltage based on the input voltage of the switching tube;
the sampling module is connected with the output end of the switch tube and is used for sampling the output voltage of the switch tube to obtain a sampling voltage;
the input end of the comparison module is respectively connected with the output ends of the reference voltage generation module and the sampling module, compares the reference voltage with the sampling voltage and outputs a comparison result;
the driving module is connected between the output end of the comparison module and the control end of the switch tube, and controls the switch tube to be switched on and off based on the comparison result so as to realize current limiting.
Optionally, the reference voltage generating module includes a current limiting setting unit and a sampling unit; the current limiting setting unit is connected with the input end of the switch tube; the sampling unit is connected with the current limiting setting unit and outputs the reference voltage.
More optionally, the current-limiting setting unit includes a current setting resistor and a current reference; one end of the current setting resistor is connected with the input end of the switching tube, and the other end of the current setting resistor is grounded through the current reference; and the connection node of the current setting resistor and the current reference is used as an output end.
More optionally, the sampling unit includes a first resistor and a second resistor; one end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the current-limiting setting unit, and the other end of the first resistor is grounded through the second resistor; and the connection node of the first resistor and the second resistor outputs the reference voltage.
More optionally, the sampling module includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor; one end of the third resistor is connected with the output end of the switch tube, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded through the fourth resistor; and the connection node of the third resistor and the fourth resistor outputs the sampling voltage.
More optionally, each resistance satisfies the following relationship:
wherein R is1Is the resistance value, R, of the first resistor2Is the resistance value, R, of the second resistorsSetting the resistance of a resistor, R, for the current3Is the resistance value, R, of the third resistor4Is the resistance value of the fourth resistor.
More optionally, the resistance values of the first and second resistors are at least two orders of magnitude greater than the current setting resistor.
More optionally, the resistance of the current setting resistor is kilo-ohm, and the resistances of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor are mega-ohm.
More optionally, the driving module comprises a charge pump circuit.
More optionally, the driving module further includes a delay starting unit, and the delay starting unit is connected to the output end of the charge pump unit.
More optionally, the switch tube is an NMOS tube, a drain of the NMOS tube is an input end, a source of the NMOS tube is an output end, and a gate of the NMOS tube is a control end.
More optionally, the switch tube is a PMOS tube, a source of the PMOS tube is an input end, a drain of the PMOS tube is an output end, and a gate of the PMOS tube is a control end.
As described above, the utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit has following beneficial effect:
1. the utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit need not parallelly connected sampling MOSFET, and the circuit is simple, and the current-limiting point is accurate.
2. The utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit only has a comparator, and the reaction is rapid, and response time is short.
3. The utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit is irrelevant with transmission voltage, only sets up resistance and switch tube internal resistance with current benchmark, electric current and is relevant, and stability is high.
4. The utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit can choose different electric currents for use to set up resistance according to the switch tube of difference to reach the same limiting current, the controllability is high.
5. The utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit's drive module adopts the charge pump, and the circuit is simple reliable to can control switch's grid source voltage invariant.
6. The utility model discloses a resistance ratio that switch tube current-limiting protection circuit chose for use is great, adopts the resistance of megaohm level, and whole circuit only needs dozens of uA just can work, the low power dissipation.
7. The utility model discloses a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit has self-resuming function, and after overcurrent state relieved, the switch tube switched on. In practical application, a delay starting circuit is also added in the driving module to prevent repeated starting in too short time, which results in oscillation of output.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current limiting protection circuit in the prior art.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the current-limiting protection circuit of the switching tube of the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
1 switching tube current-limiting protection circuit
11 reference voltage generating module
111 current limiting setting unit
112 sampling unit
12 sampling module
13 comparison module
14 drive module
80 MOSFET
82 MOSFET
84 resistor
86 current limiting amplifier
88 amplifier
90 MOSFET
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in the present specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 2. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the invention in a schematic manner, and only the components related to the invention are shown in the drawings rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed at will, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment provides a switching tube current-limiting protection circuit 1, where the switching tube current-limiting protection circuit 1 at least includes: the device comprises a reference voltage generating module 11, a sampling module 12, a comparing module 13 and a driving module 14.
As shown in fig. 2, the reference voltage generating module 11 is connected to the input terminal of the switching tube M0, and sets the current-limiting reference voltage based on the input voltage of the switching tube M0.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the switch transistor M0 is an NMOS transistor, a drain of the NMOS transistor is an input terminal, a source of the NMOS transistor is an output terminal, and a gate of the NMOS transistor is a control terminal. The switch tube M0 may also be a PMOS tube, where the source of the PMOS tube is an input end, the drain is an output end, and the gate is a control end. In practical applications, the switching tube may be any type of transistor or device that can be used for switching control, and the input, output and control terminals may be adaptively defined based on the specific device, which is not limited to this embodiment. The switching tube M0 may be an external MOS or an internal MOS of the integrated circuit.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the reference voltage generating module 11 includes a current limiting setting unit 111 and a sampling unit 112. The current limiting setting unit 111 is connected with the input end of the switching tube M0; the sampling unit 112 is connected to the current limiting setting unit 111, and outputs the reference voltage.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, the current limit setting unit 111 includes a current setting resistor Rs and a current reference Is. One end of the current setting resistor Rs Is connected with the input end of the switching tube M0, and the other end of the current setting resistor Rs Is grounded through the current reference Is; and the connection node of the current setting resistor Rs and the current reference Is used as an output end. The current limiting value can be set by setting the resistance value of the current setting resistor Rs and the current of the current reference Is.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, the sampling unit 112 includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2. One end of the first resistor R1 Is connected to the output end of the current limiting setting unit 111 (i.e. the connection node between the current setting resistor Rs and the current reference Is), and the other end Is grounded via the second resistor R2; the connection node of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 outputs the reference voltage. The sampling unit 112 may also include a voltage dividing structure with a plurality of series and parallel resistors, which is not limited in this embodiment.
It should be noted that the specific structure of the reference voltage generating module 11 includes, but is not limited to, that illustrated in this embodiment, and any circuit capable of generating a reference voltage related to current limiting is suitable for this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the sampling module 12 is connected to the output end of the switching tube M0, and samples the output voltage of the switching tube M0 to obtain a sampled voltage.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the sampling module 12 includes a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4. One end of the third resistor R3 is connected with the output end of the switch tube M0, and the other end is grounded through the fourth resistor R4; the connection node of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 outputs the sampled voltage. The sampling module 12 may also include a voltage dividing structure with a plurality of resistors connected in series and in parallel, which is not limited in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the input end of the comparing module 13 is connected to the output ends of the reference voltage generating module 11 and the sampling module 12, respectively, compares the reference voltage with the sampling voltage, and outputs a comparison result.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the inverting input terminal of the comparing module 13 is connected to the reference voltage, the non-inverting input terminal of the comparing module is connected to the sampling voltage, and the output terminal of the comparing module is connected to the input terminal of the driving module 14. In practical use, the polarities of the input signal and the input terminal of the comparing module 13 can be interchanged, and the same logic can be implemented by adding an inverter, which is not limited to this embodiment. In this embodiment, the comparing module 13 is implemented by a comparator, and any circuit structure capable of implementing a comparing function is suitable in practical use.
As shown in fig. 2, the driving module 14 is connected between the output terminal of the comparing module 13 and the control terminal of the switching tube M0, and controls the switching tube M0 to be turned on and off based on the comparison result, so as to implement current limiting.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the circuit structure of the driving module 14 includes a charge pump unit, and any charge pump structure is all suitable for the utility model discloses, it is not repeated here that one is different. As another implementation of the present invention, the driving module further includes a delay starting unit, the delay starting unit is connected to the output end of the charge pump unit to prevent repeated starting in a short time, resulting in oscillation in output.
The utility model discloses a switching tube current-limiting protection circuit's theory of operation as follows:
in the reference voltage generation module 11, the current reference Is approximate to an ideal current source and does not follow the voltage V at the input endINMay vary. The current flowing through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can have the following equation:
and the current of the current setting resistor Rs Is the current reference Is and flows throughCurrent I of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2R1R2Is a sum of
Wherein Vs is an output voltage of the current limit setting unit 111.
Combining the above two current formulas:
multiplying Rs on both sides and shifting terms to obtain:
voltage V at output terminalOUTDue to the existence of the internal resistance of the switch tube, the voltage of the switch tube is higher than the voltage V of the input endINSmall, one can calculate:
VOUT＝VIN-IOUT·RON，
wherein, IOUTTo output a current, RONIs the internal resistance of the switch tube.
The voltage at the non-inverting input (+) of the comparison module 13 is:
namely, it is
The voltage at the inverting input (-) of the comparator module 13 is:
in the present embodiment, the resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 are megaohm resistors, and RSUsually using resistors of the kilo-ohm orderSo that RS<<R1+ R2 (in practical use, the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are at least two orders of magnitude larger than the current setting resistor Rs, which is not limited in this embodiment). In the circuit design, the proportion of R3 and R4 and the proportion of R1+ Rs and R2 are set to be the same, namely:
when no load current exists and Iout is 0, V + is greater than V-, so that the output of the comparison module 13 is at a high level, the driving module 14 outputs normally, and the switch tube M0 is turned on.
When the load current Iout increases gradually, the voltage drop across the switch tube M0 increases gradually, VOUTAnd gradually decreases. When the voltage drops to a value that V + is lower than V-, the output of the comparison module 13 is inverted to become low level, and the driving module 14 is controlled to close the switch tube M0. When this is reached V+＝V-Thus, there are:
IOUT·RON＝IS·RS，
since Is and Rs can be determined by circuit design, RONAt VGSAnd the determined internal resistance under the determined condition can be obtained by inquiring the characteristic curve of the MOSFET. So at this time IOUTThe value of (1) is the maximum current I of the current limiting of the switching tubeSET。
Assuming Is 10uA, Rs 10K, Ron 50m Ω, ISET＝2A。
To sum up, the utility model provides a switch tube current-limiting protection circuit, include: the device comprises a reference voltage generating module, a sampling module, a comparing module and a driving module; the reference voltage generation module is connected with the input end of the switching tube and sets current-limiting reference voltage based on the input voltage of the switching tube; the sampling module is connected with the output end of the switch tube and is used for sampling the output voltage of the switch tube to obtain a sampling voltage; the input end of the comparison module is respectively connected with the output ends of the reference voltage generation module and the sampling module, compares the reference voltage with the sampling voltage and outputs a comparison result; the driving module is connected between the output end of the comparison module and the control end of the switch tube, and controls the switch tube to be switched on and off based on the comparison result so as to realize current limiting. The switch tube current-limiting protection circuit of the utility model does not need a parallel sampling MOSFET, the circuit is simple, and the current-limiting point is accurate; only one comparator is arranged, so that the response is rapid and the response time is short; the switch tube is irrelevant to transmission voltage, is only relevant to current reference, current setting resistance and resistance in the switch tube, and is high in stability; different currents can be selected to set the resistors according to different switching tubes so as to achieve the same current limiting, and the controllability is high; the driving module adopts a charge pump, the circuit is simple and reliable, and the grid-source voltage of the switch can be controlled to be constant; the selected resistor is large, a megaohm-level resistor is adopted, the whole circuit can work only by dozens of uA, and the power consumption is low; the self-recovery function is realized, and when the overcurrent state is relieved, the switching tube is conducted; a delay starting circuit can be added to prevent the output from oscillating caused by repeated starting in too short time. Therefore, the utility model effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The switch tube current-limiting protection circuit is characterized by at least comprising:
the device comprises a reference voltage generating module, a sampling module, a comparing module and a driving module;
the reference voltage generation module is connected with the input end of the switching tube and sets current-limiting reference voltage based on the input voltage of the switching tube;
the sampling module is connected with the output end of the switch tube and is used for sampling the output voltage of the switch tube to obtain a sampling voltage;
the input end of the comparison module is respectively connected with the output ends of the reference voltage generation module and the sampling module, compares the reference voltage with the sampling voltage and outputs a comparison result;
the driving module is connected between the output end of the comparison module and the control end of the switch tube, and controls the switch tube to be switched on and off based on the comparison result so as to realize current limiting.
2. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the reference voltage generating module comprises a current limiting setting unit and a sampling unit; the current limiting setting unit is connected with the input end of the switch tube; the sampling unit is connected with the current limiting setting unit and outputs the reference voltage.
3. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 2, wherein: the current limiting setting unit comprises a current setting resistor and a current reference; one end of the current setting resistor is connected with the input end of the switching tube, and the other end of the current setting resistor is grounded through the current reference; and the connection node of the current setting resistor and the current reference is used as an output end.
4. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 3, wherein: the sampling unit comprises a first resistor and a second resistor; one end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the current-limiting setting unit, and the other end of the first resistor is grounded through the second resistor; and the connection node of the first resistor and the second resistor outputs the reference voltage.
5. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 4, wherein: the sampling module comprises a third resistor and a fourth resistor; one end of the third resistor is connected with the output end of the switch tube, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded through the fourth resistor; and the connection node of the third resistor and the fourth resistor outputs the sampling voltage.
6. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 5, wherein: the resistances satisfy the following relationship:
wherein R is1Is the resistance value, R, of the first resistor2Is the resistance value, R, of the second resistorsSetting the resistance of a resistor, R, for the current3Is the resistance value, R, of the third resistor4Is the resistance value of the fourth resistor.
7. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 5, wherein: the resistance values of the first resistor and the second resistor are at least two orders of magnitude greater than the current setting resistor.
8. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 5, wherein: the resistance value of the current setting resistor is kilo-ohm, and the resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor and the fourth resistor are megaohm.
9. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the driving module includes a charge pump unit.
10. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit of claim 9, wherein: the driving module further comprises a delay starting unit, and the delay starting unit is connected to the output end of the charge pump unit.
11. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the switch tube is an NMOS tube, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is an input end, the source electrode of the NMOS tube is an output end, and the grid electrode of the NMOS tube is a control end.
12. The switching tube current-limiting protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the switch tube is a PMOS tube, a source electrode of the PMOS tube is an input end, a drain electrode of the PMOS tube is an output end, and a grid electrode of the PMOS tube is a control end.
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| CN201922343206.5U CN210867626U (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Current-limiting protection circuit of switching tube |
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| CN201922343206.5U CN210867626U (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Current-limiting protection circuit of switching tube |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112886955A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳麦格米特电气股份有限公司 | Reference setting method and device of comparator, switching power supply and household appliance |
| CN113630111A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-11-09 | 广东赛微微电子股份有限公司 | Switch circuit and connector |
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2019
- 2019-12-20 CN CN201922343206.5U patent/CN210867626U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112886955A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳麦格米特电气股份有限公司 | Reference setting method and device of comparator, switching power supply and household appliance |
| CN113630111A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-11-09 | 广东赛微微电子股份有限公司 | Switch circuit and connector |
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