CN210780559U - Single-stage double-cut type wide input range power supply conversion circuit - Google Patents
Single-stage double-cut type wide input range power supply conversion circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN210780559U CN210780559U CN201922016264.7U CN201922016264U CN210780559U CN 210780559 U CN210780559 U CN 210780559U CN 201922016264 U CN201922016264 U CN 201922016264U CN 210780559 U CN210780559 U CN 210780559U
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Abstract
A single-order double-cutting type wide-input-range power conversion circuit comprises a power input end, a switching node, a transformer, two electronic switches, a pulse width modulation circuit and an output circuit, wherein the input side of the transformer comprises a first winding and a second winding which are connected with the switching node, the output side of the transformer comprises an output winding, the turn ratio of the first winding to the output winding is different from that of the second winding to the output winding, the two electronic switches are respectively connected with the first winding and the second winding in series and respectively provided with a control end, the detection end of the pulse width modulation circuit is connected with the power input end, two signal output ends of the pulse width modulation circuit are respectively connected with the control ends of the two electronic switches, and the output circuit is connected with the output winding of the transformer; the utility model discloses utilize two kinds of turns ratio to supply the operation at extremely wide input voltage scope.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power conversion circuit, and more particularly to a single-stage double-switch wide-input-range power conversion circuit.
Background
Referring to fig. 4, the conventional wide input range power conversion circuit includes a power input terminal 60, a buck circuit 61, a transformer 62, an output circuit 63, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller 64, a feedback circuit 65 and an electronic switch Q.
The power input terminal 60 is configured to receive an input voltage VIN, the voltage-reducing circuit 61 is connected between the power input terminal 60 and an input-side (primary-side) coil winding of the transformer 62, the output circuit 63 is connected between an output-side (secondary-side) coil winding of the transformer 62 and a power output terminal 630, the electronic switch Q is connected in series to the input-side coil winding of the transformer 62 and has a control terminal, and an output terminal of the PWM controller 64 is connected to the control terminal of the electronic switch Q to output a PWM signal to drive the electronic switch Q. Generally, the PWM controller 64 can perform pulse width modulation according to the current of the input side coil winding of the transformer 62 and/or the output voltage Vo of the power output terminal 630, and in the example shown in fig. 4, the feedback circuit 65 is connected between the power output terminal 630 and the input terminal of the PWM controller 64, so as to provide the PWM controller 64 with the magnitude of the output voltage Vo.
However, the wide input range power conversion circuit in the prior art includes the following disadvantages:
1. the voltage reducing circuit 61 is used as a first-order voltage stabilizing circuit, and the transformer 62 is used as a second-order isolation circuit, so that the power conversion circuit in the prior art is in a two-order mode (two-stage), and therefore, two times of power conversion are required, and the power conversion efficiency cannot be effectively improved.
2. The turns ratio of the input side coil winding to the output side coil winding of the transformer 62 is single and fixed, so that the duty cycle (duty cycle) performance of the transformer 62 is limited. For example, when an extremely wide input voltage range (e.g., 9 v to 160 v) is applied to the conventional wide input range power conversion circuit, the transformer 62 performs poorly for the lower input voltage and the higher input voltage, i.e., energy cannot be effectively transmitted from the power input terminal VIN to the power output terminal 630, so that the efficiency of the wide input voltage range cannot achieve a desirable performance in the application of the wide input voltage range.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The main objective of the present invention is to provide a single-stage double-switch wide input range power conversion circuit, which can not effectively improve the power conversion efficiency of the wide input range power conversion circuit in the prior art, and can solve the technical problem of poor performance of the lower input voltage and the higher input voltage in the extremely wide input voltage range.
The utility model discloses wide input range power supply converting circuit of single order double-phase cutting formula contains:
a power input terminal;
a switching node connected to the power input terminal;
a transformer having an input side and an output side, the input side including a first winding and a second winding connected to the switching node, the output side including an output winding, wherein a turns ratio of the first winding to the output winding is different from a turns ratio of the second winding to the output winding;
a first electronic switch connected in series with the first winding and having a control end;
a second electronic switch connected in series with the second winding and having a control end;
a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit, comprising a comparison unit and a PWM controller, wherein the comparison unit is provided with a detection end, a voltage switching point setting end, a PWM input end, a first signal output end and a second signal output end, the detection end is connected with the power input end, the first signal output end is connected with the control end of the second electronic switch, and the second signal output end is connected with the control end of the first electronic switch; a PWM output end of the PWM controller is connected with the PWM input end of the comparison unit; and
and the output circuit is connected with the output winding of the transformer and comprises a power supply output end.
Compare with power conversion circuit among the prior art, the utility model discloses an efficiency as follows:
1. the utility model discloses an input side of this transformer connects this power input end through switching the node to do not have the first order steady voltage like power conversion circuit among the prior art, so the utility model discloses a circuit framework of single-order double-cut (one-stage two-switch), its power conversion efficiency can promote.
2. The transformer that is different from power conversion circuit among the prior art only has single, fixed turn ratio, the utility model discloses this transformer input side contains first winding and second winding, and the turn ratio of first winding and output winding is different in the turn ratio of second winding and output winding. It can be seen that, by using two different turn ratios, the present invention can be operated in a very wide input voltage range, for example, the turn ratio of the first winding to the output winding can be applied in a lower input voltage range, and the turn ratio of the second winding to the output winding can be applied in a higher input voltage range. On the whole, the lower input voltage range and the higher input voltage range are combined into the extremely wide input voltage range, so the utility model discloses can operate at extremely wide input voltage range to can maintain ideal power conversion efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a PWM circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the signal timing sequence of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power conversion circuit with a wide input range in the prior art.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the single-stage double-switch wide-input-range power conversion circuit of the present invention includes a power input terminal 10, a switching node 20, a transformer T1, a first electronic switch Q1, a second electronic switch Q2, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit 30, and an output circuit 40. The circuit architecture of the embodiment of the present invention is, but not limited to, a Forward (Forward) circuit, and may also be applied to a Flyback (Flyback) circuit or a Push-Pull (Push-Pull) circuit, for example.
The power input terminal 10 is connected to a previous stage circuit for receiving a dc input voltage (+ VIN), for example, the voltage range of the input voltage (+ VIN) can reach an extremely wide input voltage range of 9 volts to 160 volts. This power input 10 is connected to this switching node 20, in the embodiment of the present invention, this switching node 20 can directly connect this power input 10.
The transformer T1 includes an input side (primary side) including a first winding Np1 and a second winding Np2 connected to the switching node 20 and an output side (secondary side) including an output winding Ns, wherein the number of coils of the first winding Np1 and the second winding Np2 is different, so that the turn ratio of the first winding Np1 to the output winding Ns is different from the turn ratio of the second winding Np2 to the output winding Ns. The input terminal of the output circuit 40 is connected to the output winding Ns, and the output circuit 40 includes a power supply output terminal 41. As shown in fig. 1, one end of the first winding Np1 is directly connected to the switching node 20, and one end of the second winding Np2 is connected to the switching node 20 through a reverse flow preventing element D1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the reverse flow preventing element D1 is a diode, an anode of the diode is connected to the switching node 20, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the second winding Np 2.
The first electronic switch Q1 is connected in series with the first winding Np 1. in the embodiment of the present invention, the first electronic switch Q1 has a first end, a second end and a control end, and the first end is connected to the other end of the first winding Np 1. For example, the first electronic switch Q1 can be an N-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (N-MOSFET), the first terminal is a Drain (Drain), the second terminal is a Source (Source), and the control terminal is a Gate (Gate).
The second electronic switch Q2 is connected in series with the second winding Np 2. in the embodiment of the present invention, the second electronic switch Q2 has a first end, a second end and a control end, and the first end is connected to the other end of the second winding Np 2. For example, the second electronic switch Q2 can be an N-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (N-MOSFET), the first terminal is a Drain (Drain), the second terminal is a Source (Source), and the control terminal is a Gate (Gate). As shown in fig. 1, the second terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q2 to form a connection node 21, and the connection node 21 is connected to a current detection circuit 50.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the PWM circuit 30 may be an Integrated Circuit (IC) device, which includes a comparing unit 31 and a PWM controller 32, where the comparing unit 31 has a detecting terminal DET, a voltage switching point setting terminal Vset, a PWM input terminal 310, a first signal output terminal OUT1 and a second signal output terminal OUT 2. The detection terminal DET is connected to the power input terminal 10 to detect the magnitude of the input voltage, in an embodiment of the present invention, the detection terminal DET is connected to the power input terminal 10 through a voltage dividing circuit 33; the first signal output terminal OUT1 is connected to the control terminal of the second electronic switch Q2; the second signal output terminal OUT2 is connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switch Q1; in the embodiment of the present invention, the PWM controller 32 can be a current mode PWM controller, which has a PWM output end 320, the PWM output end 320 is connected to the PWM input end 310 of the comparing unit 31, an input end CS of the PWM controller 32 is connected to the current detecting circuit 50, and another input end COMP of the PWM controller 32 is connected to the power output end 41 of the output circuit 40 through a feedback circuit 51; therefore, the PWM controller 32 modulates the pulse width according to the current and voltage detection results of the current detection circuit 50 and the feedback circuit 51, and outputs a PWM signal at the PWM output terminal 320, and the comparison unit 31 receives the PWM signal.
Referring to fig. 2, the comparing unit 31 includes a comparator 34, an inverter 35, a first driver 36 and a second driver 37. The comparator 34 has a positive input terminal (+), a negative input terminal (-) and an output terminal VC1, and a resistor R8 is connected between the positive input terminal (+) and the output terminal VC1 to provide a hysteresis function, wherein the positive input terminal (+) is the detection terminal DET and the negative input terminal (-) is the voltage switching point setting terminal Vset; the input terminal of the inverter 35 is connected to the output terminal VC1 of the comparator 34; the first driver 36 has an enable terminal EN1, an input terminal S and the first signal output terminal OUT1, the enable terminal EN1 of the first driver 36 is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 35; the second driver 37 has an enable terminal EN2, an input terminal S and the second signal output terminal OUT2, the enable terminal EN2 of the second driver 37 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 35, the input terminal S of the second driver 37 is connected to the input terminal of the first driver 36, and the input terminal S of the first driver 36 or the second driver 37 can be used as the PWM input terminal 310 for connecting to the PWM output terminal 320 of the PWM controller 32.
In the first driver 36, when the enable terminal EN1 is at a high level, the PWM signal inputted to the input terminal S can pass through the first signal output terminal OUT1 to form a control signal (PWM-H) to drive the second electronic switch Q2; on the other hand, when the enable terminal EN1 is at a low level, the control signal (PWM-H) is turned off (turn off), so that the second electronic switch Q2 is turned on. Similarly, in the second driver 37, when the enable terminal EN2 is at a high level, the PWM signal inputted to the input terminal S can form a control signal (PWM-L) through the second signal output terminal OUT2 to drive the first electronic switch Q1; when the enable terminal EN2 is at a low voltage level, the control signal (PWM-L) is an OFF signal, which opens the first electronic switch Q1.
The operation of the circuit is illustrated by the timing diagram of fig. 3, for example, the voltage received by the power input terminal 10 can be a very wide input voltage range of 9 v to 160 v, and 47 v can be set as the switching voltage, so that the value obtained by multiplying the resistance ratio of the voltage divider circuit 33 by 47 can be used as the voltage of the voltage switching point setting terminal Vset. When the input voltage (+ VIN) of the power input terminal 10 is lower than 47 volts, the voltage at the detection terminal DET of the comparator 34 is lower than the voltage at the voltage switching point setting terminal Vset, so the output terminal VC1 of the comparator 34 outputs a low potential; at this time, the enable terminal EN1 of the first driver 36 receives a low voltage, so the control signal (PWM _ H) outputted by the first signal output terminal OUT1 is an off signal, and the second electronic switch Q2 is opened; meanwhile, the enable terminal EN2 of the second driver 37 receives a high voltage through the inverter 35, so the control signal (PWM _ L) outputted by the second signal output terminal OUT2 is a PWM signal for the first electronic switch Q1 to operate. Therefore, the output winding Ns and the first winding Np1 perform electromagnetic induction to generate a first inductive power, and the first inductive power is output to the next stage circuit or load through the output circuit 40 at the power output terminal 41.
When the input voltage (+ VIN) of the power input terminal 10 is higher than 47 volts, the voltage at the detection terminal DET of the comparator 34 is higher than the voltage at the voltage switching point setting terminal Vset, so that the output terminal VC1 of the comparator 34 outputs a high level; at this time, the enable terminal EN1 of the first driver 36 receives a high voltage, so the control signal (PWM _ H) outputted by the first signal output terminal OUT1 is a PWM signal, which is provided for the second electronic switch Q2 to operate; the enable terminal EN2 of the second driver 37 receives a low voltage through the inverter 35, so that the control signal (PWM _ L) outputted from the second signal output terminal OUT2 is an off signal, and the first electronic switch Q1 is opened. Therefore, the output winding Ns and the second winding Np2 perform electromagnetic induction to generate a second inductive power, and the second inductive power is output to the next stage circuit or load through the output circuit 40 at the power output terminal 41.
As can be seen from the foregoing, in the state that the input voltage (+ VIN) is lower than the switching voltage, the first electronic switch Q1 is driven by the control signal (PWM _ L) and the second electronic switch Q2 is open, the reverse-flow prevention element D1 can interrupt the voltage and current path coupled out of the second winding Np2, thereby preventing the current of the second winding Np2 from directly entering the first winding Np1 and the first electronic switch Q1 to cause an abnormality when the first electronic switch Q1 is turned on; in a state where the input voltage (+ VIN) is higher than the switching voltage, the second electronic switch Q2 is driven by the control signal (PWM _ H) and the first electronic switch Q1 is open, wherein a higher input voltage (+ VIN) means a lower input current to the input side of the transformer T1, and the loss of the anti-backflow element D1 can be minimized when the anti-backflow element D1 is passed by a lower input current. Moreover, although the input side of the transformer T1 has two windings Np1 and Np2, because the current detection circuit 50 is connected in series between the connection node 21 of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 and the ground, the present invention only needs one current detection circuit 50 to detect the current value of the first winding Np1 or the second winding Np2, so as to reduce the current detection cost to the minimum. On the other hand, the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 can select suitable transistor elements, for example, the first electronic switch Q1 can select a low voltage switch element, and the second electronic switch Q2 can select a high voltage switch element, so that the electronic switches Q1 and Q2 can be operated in a voltage range meeting the specification respectively, thereby achieving the optimization of the power conversion efficiency.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first winding Np1 is compared with the second winding Np2, because the second winding Np2 corresponds to a higher input voltage (+ VIN), the first winding Np1 corresponds to a lower input voltage (+ VIN), so the number of coils of the second winding Np2 is greater than the number of coils of the first winding Np1, and the number of coils of the other first winding Np1 may be equal to the number of coils of the output winding Ns. For example, if the input voltage (+ VIN) is in the range of 9 volts to 160 volts and the output voltage of the output circuit 40 is 5 volts, the input voltage Np1: Np2: Ns is 2:8:2, but not limited thereto.
To sum up, the present invention compares whether the input voltage (+ VIN) is greater than the switching voltage by the comparing unit 31, and drives one of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 according to the comparison result. When the first electronic switch Q1 is driven and the second electronic switch Q2 is open, no current passes through the second winding Np2, and the duty cycle of the transformer T1 is determined according to the turn ratio of the first winding Np1 to the output winding Ns; on the other hand, when the second electronic switch Q2 is driven and the first electronic switch Q1 is open, no current flows through the first winding Np1, and the duty cycle of the transformer T1 is determined according to the turn ratio of the second winding Np2 to the output winding Ns. According to the present invention, the single-step double-cut circuit architecture allows the transformer T1 to have two turns ratios for alternative operation by setting the two windings Np1, Np2 and the two electronic switches Q1, Q2, the first winding Np1 and the output winding Ns have a turn ratio corresponding to a lower input voltage range (e.g., 9 v to 47 v), and the second winding Np2 and the output winding Ns have a turn ratio corresponding to a higher input voltage range (e.g., 47 v to 160 v); in general, the lower input voltage range is combined with the higher input voltage range to form an extremely wide input voltage range (e.g., 9 v to 160 v), so the present invention can operate in the extremely wide input voltage range and maintain the ideal power conversion efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. A single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit is characterized by comprising:
a power input terminal;
a switching node connected to the power input terminal;
a transformer having an input side and an output side, the input side including a first winding and a second winding connected to the switching node, the output side including an output winding, wherein a turns ratio of the first winding to the output winding is different from a turns ratio of the second winding to the output winding;
a first electronic switch connected in series with the first winding and having a control terminal;
the second electronic switch is connected with the second winding in series and is provided with a control end;
a pulse width modulation circuit, comprising a comparison unit and a PWM controller, wherein the comparison unit has a detection end, a voltage switching point setting end, a PWM input end, a first signal output end and a second signal output end, the detection end is connected to the power input end, the first signal output end is connected to the control end of the second electronic switch, and the second signal output end is connected to the control end of the first electronic switch; a PWM output end of the PWM controller is connected with the PWM input end of the comparison unit; and
and the output circuit is connected with the output winding of the transformer and comprises a power supply output end.
2. The single-stage double-cut wide input range power conversion circuit of claim 1, wherein said switching node is directly connected to said power input.
3. The single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first winding is directly connected to the switching node, and the second winding is connected to the switching node through a reverse-flow prevention element.
4. The single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the comparison unit comprises:
a comparator having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, wherein a resistor is connected between the positive input terminal and the output terminal, the positive input terminal is the detection terminal, and the negative input terminal is the voltage switching point setting terminal;
the input end of the inverter is connected with the output end of the comparator;
the first driver is provided with an enabling end, an input end and the first signal output end, and the enabling end of the first driver is connected with the input end of the inverter;
and the second driver is provided with an enabling end, an input end and the second signal output end, the enabling end of the second driver is connected with the output end of the inverter, the input end of the second driver is connected with the input end of the first driver, and the input end of the first driver or the second driver is used as the PWM input end.
5. The single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit of claim 3, wherein the comparison unit comprises:
a comparator having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, wherein a resistor is connected between the positive input terminal and the output terminal, the positive input terminal is the detection terminal, and the negative input terminal is the voltage switching point setting terminal;
the input end of the inverter is connected with the output end of the comparator;
the first driver is provided with an enabling end, an input end and the first signal output end, and the enabling end of the first driver is connected with the input end of the inverter;
and the second driver is provided with an enabling end, an input end and the second signal output end, the enabling end of the second driver is connected with the output end of the inverter, the input end of the second driver is connected with the input end of the first driver, and the input end of the first driver or the second driver is used as the PWM input end.
6. The single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit according to claim 5, wherein the reverse-current prevention element is a diode, an anode terminal of the diode is connected to the switching node, and a cathode terminal of the diode is connected to the second winding.
7. The single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first electronic switch is connected to the second electronic switch to form a connection node, and the connection node is connected to a current detection circuit;
and one input end of the PWM controller is connected with the current detection circuit.
8. The single-stage double-cut wide-input-range power conversion circuit of claim 3, wherein the first electronic switch is connected to the second electronic switch to form a connection node, and the connection node is connected to a current detection circuit;
and one input end of the PWM controller is connected with the current detection circuit.
9. The single-stage double-cut wide input range power conversion circuit of claim 4, wherein the number of coils of said second winding is greater than the number of coils of said first winding.
10. The single-stage double-cut wide input range power conversion circuit of claim 5, wherein the number of coils of said second winding is greater than the number of coils of said first winding.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922016264.7U CN210780559U (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Single-stage double-cut type wide input range power supply conversion circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922016264.7U CN210780559U (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Single-stage double-cut type wide input range power supply conversion circuit |
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| CN210780559U true CN210780559U (en) | 2020-06-16 |
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| CN201922016264.7U Active CN210780559U (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Single-stage double-cut type wide input range power supply conversion circuit |
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