CN210775662U - Capacitive equipment and monitoring device for insulation parameters of capacitive equipment - Google Patents
Capacitive equipment and monitoring device for insulation parameters of capacitive equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN210775662U CN210775662U CN201921234251.0U CN201921234251U CN210775662U CN 210775662 U CN210775662 U CN 210775662U CN 201921234251 U CN201921234251 U CN 201921234251U CN 210775662 U CN210775662 U CN 210775662U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a capacitive equipment and capacitive equipment insulation parameter's monitoring devices, capacitive equipment it is including setting up main insulating capacitor C1 in capacitive equipment, electric capacity C2, reference voltage electric capacity C3 and electric capacity C4, the both ends after main insulating capacitor C1 and electric capacity C2 establish ties are connected between capacitive equipment's high-voltage terminal and earthing terminal, the both ends after reference voltage electric capacity C3 and electric capacity C4 establish ties are connected between capacitive equipment's high-voltage terminal and earthing terminal, the one end that electric capacity C2 and main insulating capacitor C1 link to each other is current signal output, and the one end that electric capacity C4 and reference voltage electric capacity C3 link to each other is voltage signal output, has improved capacitive equipment insulation parameter measurement's accuracy, need not to increase extra current transformer, need not to adopt the signal cable to be connected to voltage transformer to obtain voltage signal; the monitoring device of the insulation parameter of the capacitive equipment is used for monitoring the capacitive equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-voltage electric appliances, in particular to capacitive equipment and a monitoring device for insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment.
Background
In an electric power system, capacitive equipment refers to equipment with certain insulation structures which can be regarded as a group of capacitors connected in series, and a transformer substation of the capacitive equipment has a large proportion and comprises a sleeve, a lightning arrester, a Current Transformer (CT), a voltage transformer (PT), a cable terminal, a cable middle head and the like. In the operation process of the capacitive equipment, the insulation medium of the capacitive equipment is subjected to the action of various factors such as heat, electricity, chemistry, machinery and the like, the insulation of the equipment is inevitably degraded, and the loss of the insulation function can be caused in serious conditions, so that the equipment failure is caused, and even the power grid accident is caused.
The insulation state of a capacitive device can be determined by detecting the dielectric loss and capacitance change of the device. Insulation tests for capacitive devices can be classified into off-line and on-line.
The off-line test is performed by using a dielectric loss instrument, the test equipment has high measurement accuracy and is the most common test method, but a test loop is not suitable for detecting the insulation state of the capacitive equipment in the operation process of the equipment.
In an online monitoring mode, a high-sensitivity current transformer is adopted to couple the grounding current of capacitive equipment, and the voltage applied to the equipment is obtained from the secondary side of a voltage transformer (PT), so that the capacitance and the dielectric loss of the tested capacitive equipment are calculated. Adopt PT to obtain the voltage, need adopt signal cable connection PT to export to equipment fixing position, the signal cable is generally longer, and the on-the-spot wiring that needs just introduces the interference easily. Meanwhile, the stability of the current transformer and the PT can influence the accuracy of the dielectric loss measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a capacitive device which can output a current signal and a voltage signal for monitoring the insulation parameter of the capacitive device respectively through a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C4 and has good signal accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a capacitive device comprises a main insulation capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 which are arranged in the capacitive device, wherein two ends of the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 which are connected in series are connected between a high-voltage end and a ground end of the capacitive device, two ends of the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 which are connected in series are connected between the high-voltage end and the ground end of the capacitive device, one end of the capacitor C2, which is connected with the main insulation capacitor C1, is a current signal output end, and one end of the capacitor C4, which is connected with the reference voltage capacitor C3, is a voltage signal output end.
Preferably, the capacitor comprises an insulating core body, a plurality of capacitor screens alternately arranged with the insulating layer are embedded in the insulating core body, and the main insulating capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are all embedded in the insulating core body and are all formed by the plurality of capacitor screens embedded in the insulating core body.
Preferably, a current signal interface and a voltage signal interface are arranged on the capacitive equipment; a current signal output end between the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 is connected with a current signal interface; the voltage signal output terminal between the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface.
Preferably, the main insulated capacitor C1 is composed of a plurality of coaxial capacitor screens with gradually increasing diameters and arranged alternately with the insulating layer, and the capacitor C2 is composed of a group of capacitor screens arranged outside the outermost capacitor screen of the main insulated capacitor C1; the reference voltage capacitor C3 is formed by a group of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens wound or laid outside the capacitor screen of the corresponding main insulated capacitor C1 from the high-voltage end of the capacitive device to the ground end along the axial direction, and the capacitor C4 is formed by a group of capacitor screens wound outside the outermost capacitor screen of the reference capacitor C3.
Preferably, the capacitive device is a bushing, a lightning arrester, a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a cable terminal or a cable middle head.
Preferably, the insulating core is formed by taking glass filaments soaked in epoxy resin as an insulating layer and a semi-conducting belt or a metal belt as a capacitive screen and winding the insulating layer and the capacitive screen alternately.
Preferably, the capacitive equipment is a sleeve, the sleeve comprises a conductor, the insulating core is arranged outside the conductor, an upper flange and a lower flange are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating core, and a mounting flange is sleeved outside the middle of the insulating core; the main insulating capacitor C1 is composed of a plurality of coaxial capacitor screens which are gradually increased in diameter and gradually shortened in length and are alternately arranged with insulating layers, and the capacitor C2 is composed of a group of capacitor screens arranged outside the outermost capacitor screen of the main insulating capacitor C1; the reference voltage capacitor C3 is composed of a group of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens arranged outside the capacitor screen of the corresponding main insulated capacitor C1 from one end of the upper flange to the grounding end of the mounting flange along the axial direction, and the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitor screens wound outside the capacitor screen at the outermost side of the reference capacitor C3.
Preferably, a current signal interface and a voltage signal interface are arranged on the mounting flange of the sleeve; the first capacitance screen at the innermost side of the main insulation capacitor C1 is electrically connected with a conductor to have equal potential, a current signal output end between the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 is connected with a current signal interface, and the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the capacitor C2 is connected with a grounding end; the first capacitance screen at the innermost side of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the conductor 1, the voltage signal output end between the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 is connected with a voltage signal interface, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the ground terminal.
Preferably, the capacitive equipment is a lightning arrester, and the lightning arrester comprises a plurality of valve plates and an insulating core body sleeved outside the valve plates; the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are composed of a plurality of valve plates of the lightning arrester, the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are arranged in the insulating core body, and the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are composed of a plurality of capacitor screens which are alternately arranged with the insulating layers in the insulating core body.
Preferably, the main insulation capacitor C1 is formed by stacking a plurality of valve plates in sequence, and the capacitor C2 is formed by stacking at least one valve plate below the plurality of valve plates of the main insulation capacitor C1.
Preferably, the reference voltage capacitor C3 is composed of a string of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitive screens arranged from one end to the other end of the insulating core body; the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitive screens arranged outside the outermost capacitive screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3.
Preferably, both ends of the insulating core body are provided with an arrester incoming terminal and an arrester base, the arrester base is grounded, and the arrester base is provided with a current signal interface and a voltage signal interface; the lightning arrester wire inlet terminal is connected with a valve plate at the upper end of a main insulating capacitor C1, the upper end surface of the valve plate of a capacitor C2 is connected with a current signal interface, and the valve plate of the capacitor C2 is grounded through a lightning arrester base; the capacitance screen at the innermost side of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the lightning arrester incoming line terminal to have equal potential, one end of the reference voltage capacitor C3 connected with the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface, and the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the capacitor C4 is grounded through the lightning arrester base.
The device for monitoring the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment is accurate in measurement result and suitable for off-line monitoring and on-line monitoring of the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment.
The invention discloses a device for monitoring insulation parameters of capacitive equipment, which is used for monitoring the capacitive equipment and comprises a current sampling unit, a voltage sampling unit and capacitive equipment insulation parameter measuring equipment; the current sampling unit is connected with the current signal output end of the capacitive equipment, the voltage sampling unit is connected with the voltage signal output end of the capacitive equipment, and the output end of the current sampling unit and the output end of the voltage sampling unit are respectively connected with the insulation parameter measuring equipment of the capacitive equipment.
Preferably, the dielectric loss, and/or capacitance, and/or total current, and/or capacitive current and/or resistive current of the capacitive device are monitored by signals of the capacitive device collected by the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit.
Preferably, the output end of the current sampling unit and the output end of the voltage sampling unit are integrated in the insulation parameter measuring device of the capacitive device.
Preferably, the current sampling unit is a resistive element and has an input impedance smaller than that of the capacitor C2, the voltage sampling unit is a capacitive element and has an input impedance larger than that of the capacitor C4.
Preferably, after receiving the output signals of the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit, the capacitive device insulation parameter measuring device performs the following operations:
the output signal of the current sampling unit is: u0;
I＝U0/Z1；
the phase offset parameter between the output signal U0 of the current sampling unit and the leakage current I is: Δ θ 0 ═ θ U0- θ i;
wherein, U0 is the output signal of the current sampling unit, and I is the leakage current generated on the main insulation capacitor C1; z1 is the input impedance of the current sampling unit; θ U0 is the initial phase of the output signal of the current sampling unit; θ I is the initial phase of I;
the output signal of the voltage sampling unit is: u1;
U＝U1/K；
the phase deviation parameter between the output signal of the voltage sampling unit and the bus voltage is as follows:
Δθ1＝θU-θU1；
wherein, U1 is the output signal of the voltage signal output terminal, U is the bus voltage; k is the impedance voltage conversion coefficient of the voltage sampling unit; theta U is the initial phase of the bus voltage; θ U1 is the initial phase of the output signal of the voltage sampling unit;
the phase difference between the leakage current I and the bus voltage U is as follows:
ΔθiU＝θi-θU＝θi-θU1-Δθ0-Δθ1；
the dielectric loss of the capacitive device is: tan δ ═ tan (90- Δ θ iU);
the capacitance of the main insulating capacitor C1 of the capacitive device is:
the resistive current of the capacitive device is: ir ═ I × sin (90- Δ θ iU);
the capacitive current of the capacitive device is: ic ═ I cos (90- Δ θ iU);
wherein f is the frequency of the bus voltage;
the full current is the detected leakage current I.
The capacitive equipment of the invention forms at least 4 capacitors in the capacitive equipment, namely a main insulating capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, wherein one end of the capacitor C2 connected with a main insulating capacitor C1 is a current signal output end, one end of the capacitor C4 connected with a reference voltage capacitor C3 is a voltage signal output end, so that current signals and voltage signals of the capacitive equipment are collected in the capacitive equipment, the consistency is good, no additional current transformer is needed to be added, no voltage signal is needed to be obtained from the voltage transformer, compared with the prior art that current signals and voltage signals are collected by using coupling elements (such as the current transformer and the voltage transformer), the current signals and voltage signals output by the capacitive equipment of the invention are more accurate, and are not influenced by external environment (or are less influenced by the external environment), and the influence of self-error and stability of the coupling elements on measurement results is avoided, meanwhile, the field installation of the equipment is simplified, the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment can be more accurately monitored, and the reliable and stable operation of the capacitive equipment is ensured. The capacitive equipment can be a sleeve, a lightning arrester, a Current Transformer (CT), a voltage transformer (PT), a cable terminal, a cable middle head and the like, and is equipment with a capacitance voltage-dividing insulation structure. In addition, the capacitive device of the present invention is used for acquiring 4 capacitors of current signals and voltage signals, and the capacitors of the existing capacitive device are utilized, for example, when the capacitive device is a bushing, the main insulation capacitor C1 is the main insulation capacitor C1 which is possessed by the bushing itself and is used for insulation voltage division, and simultaneously takes the effect of signal acquisition of insulation voltage division, and the reference voltage capacitor C3 is the shielding capacitor which is used for shielding external interference signals, and simultaneously takes the effects of shielding the interference signals and acquiring the signals. For example, when the capacitive equipment is an arrester, the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 both adopt valve plates of the arrester.
Compared with the existing method for measuring the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment by signal coupling, the device for monitoring the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment can improve the measurement accuracy of the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment on the premise of not changing the operation mode of the capacitive equipment, does not need to add an additional current transformer, does not need to adopt a signal cable to be connected to a voltage transformer to obtain a voltage signal, effectively avoids the influence of the errors and the performances of the signal coupling current transformer and the voltage transformer in the prior art on the measurement result, and is suitable for the off-line monitoring and the on-line monitoring of the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment; and the current signal that the current sampling unit gathered, the voltage signal that voltage sampling unit gathered all come from the capacitive device inside, avoid or show the external disturbance that reduces, the uniformity is high, is favorable to further improving the accuracy of monitoring result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the bushing of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the bushing of the present invention, which at least shows the connection relationship between the main insulation capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the reference voltage capacitor C3, and the capacitor C4 and the current signal interface, the ground signal interface, and the voltage signal interface, respectively;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 3 according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the arrester of the present invention, showing at least the external structure of the arrester;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the arrester according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of portion B of FIG. 6 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit configuration of the device for monitoring insulation parameters of a capacitive apparatus according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the capacitive device of the present invention are further described below with reference to the examples shown in fig. 1-7. The capacitive device of the present invention is not limited to the description of the following embodiments.
The capacitive device comprises a main insulating capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 which are arranged in the capacitive device, wherein two ends of the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 which are connected in series are connected between a high-voltage end and a ground end of the capacitive device, two ends of the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 which are connected in series are connected between the high-voltage end and the ground end of the capacitive device, namely two ends of the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 which are connected in series are connected in parallel with two ends of the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 which are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C2 connected with the main insulating capacitor C1 is a current signal output end, one end of the capacitor C4 connected with the reference voltage capacitor C3 is a voltage signal output end, and signals output by the current signal output end and the voltage signal output end can be used for monitoring the capacitive device, so that dielectric loss, capacitance, and (4) online monitoring of the resistive current.
The capacitive equipment of the invention forms at least 4 capacitors in the capacitive equipment, namely a main insulating capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, wherein one end of the capacitor C2 connected with a main insulating capacitor C1 is a current signal output end, one end of the capacitor C4 connected with a reference voltage capacitor C3 is a voltage signal output end, so that current signals and voltage signals of the capacitive equipment are collected in the capacitive equipment, the consistency is good, no coil is required to be sleeved outside the capacitive equipment, or an additional current transformer is required to be arranged, no signal cable is required to be connected to obtain voltage signals from the voltage transformer, compared with the prior art that a coupling element (such as the current transformer and the voltage transformer) is used for collecting the current signals and the voltage signals, the current signals and the voltage signals output by the capacitive equipment of the invention are more accurate, and cannot be influenced by (or are less influenced by) the external environment, the influence of the self error and the stability of the coupling element on the measurement result is avoided, the field installation of the device is simplified, the capacitive device can be monitored more accurately, and the reliable and stable operation of the capacitive device is ensured.
Specifically, a main insulating capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2 are connected in series to form a current signal sampling capacitor bank, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 are connected in series to form a voltage signal sampling capacitor bank, the current signal sampling capacitor bank and the voltage signal sampling capacitor bank are connected in parallel between a high-voltage end (bus voltage U) and a ground end (ground GND) of the capacitive device, one end of the capacitor C2 connected with the main insulating capacitor C1 is a current signal output end, one end of the capacitor C4 connected with the reference voltage capacitor C3 is a voltage signal output end, usually, the capacitance of the capacitor C2 is far larger than that of the main insulating capacitor C1, and the capacitance of the capacitor C4 is far larger than that of the reference voltage capacitor C3.
Preferably, the capacitive device is provided with a wiring terminal connected with the high-voltage terminal, a ground terminal, a current signal interface 210 and a voltage signal interface 230; the current signal sampling capacitor bank and the voltage signal sampling capacitor bank are connected in parallel between the high-voltage wiring terminal and the grounding terminal. The current signal output end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the current signal interface 210, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the ground end; the voltage signal output end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface 230, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the ground end. The ground terminal may be provided with a separate ground signal interface 220, or may be directly connected to a mounting flange of the capacitive device or a metal housing as the ground terminal without providing the ground signal interface 220. The current signal interface 210 and the voltage signal interface 230 are typically mounted to a mounting flange of the capacitive device, and a separate ground interface line 220 may be provided to the mounting flange. Of course, the current signal interface 210 and the voltage signal interface 230 may be disposed in an insulating housing or other locations for convenient wiring as desired. The capacitive device of the present invention, including the current signal interface 210, the ground signal interface 220, and the voltage signal interface 230, is advantageous for simplifying the wiring operation of the capacitive device.
The capacitive equipment can be a sleeve, a lightning arrester, a Current Transformer (CT), a voltage transformer (PT), a cable terminal, a cable middle head and the like, and is equipment with a capacitance voltage-dividing insulation structure. Preferably, the capacitive device comprises an insulating core body, a plurality of capacitive screens alternately arranged with the insulating layer are embedded in the insulating core body, and the main insulating capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are all embedded in the insulating core body and are all formed by the plurality of capacitive screens embedded in the insulating core body. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating core is formed by winding an epoxy-impregnated glass filament as an insulating layer, a semi-conductive tape or metal tape as a capacitive screen, and the insulating layer and the capacitive screen alternately to form a sleeve-shaped insulating core.
Preferably, the main insulating capacitor C1 is composed of a plurality of coaxial capacitor screens with gradually increasing diameters and alternately arranged with insulating layers, and plays a role in insulating and voltage division; the capacitor C2 is formed by a group of capacitor screens arranged outside the outermost capacitor screen of the main insulated capacitor C1, or; the reference voltage capacitor C3 is formed by a group of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens which are wound or laid outside the capacitor screen of the corresponding main insulated capacitor C1 from the wiring terminal of the high-voltage end to the grounding end along the axial direction, and plays a role in shielding interference signals; the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitive screens wound outside the outermost capacitive screen of the reference capacitor C3. Of course, the capacitor C2 may also be a capacitor tap of the main insulating capacitor C1, that is, a capacitor tap connected to the 2 nd from the last screen of the main insulating capacitor C1, and the last two capacitor screens (or several screens from the last) of the main insulating capacitor C1 form a capacitor C2; similarly, the capacitor C4 may also be a capacitor tap of the reference voltage capacitor C3.
The capacitive device of the present invention will be further described below with reference to fig. 1-3, taking a bushing as an example.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the capacitive device is a bushing, the bushing includes a conductor 1 and an insulating core body wrapped outside the conductor 1, a main insulating capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 are disposed in the insulating core body, and an insulating outer sheath is disposed outside the insulating core body. The main insulating capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are all arranged in the insulating core body and are composed of a plurality of capacitor screens alternately arranged with the insulating layers in the insulating core body.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the bushing further includes an inlet terminal 10, an outlet terminal 11, an upper flange 12, a lower flange 13, and a mounting flange 15; the insulating core sets up outside conductor 1, and the insulating core both ends are equipped with flange 12 and lower flange 13 respectively, and insulating core middle part overcoat is equipped with mounting flange 15, and the insulating core is located the upside of mounting flange 15 and still overlaps the insulating oversheath that is equipped with inseparable crimping, incoming line terminal 10 is connected with wire 1 and is set up in flange 12 one end, and leading-out terminal 11 is connected with wire 1 and sets up in flange 13 one end down. Preferably, the insulating outer sheath is a silicon rubber umbrella skirt 14, the upper flange 12 is a Jiangjun seat, and the lower flange 13 is a pressure-equalizing ball.
As shown in fig. 1, the main insulating capacitor C1 is composed of a plurality of coaxial capacitor screens alternately arranged with insulating layers, the diameter of which is gradually increased and the length of which is gradually shortened, and the main insulating capacitor C1 plays a core role of voltage division insulation; the capacitor C2 is composed of a group of capacitor screens wound outside the outermost capacitor screen of the main insulating capacitor C1, and the capacitance of the capacitor C2 is far larger than that of the main insulating capacitor C1. The main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are arranged in the insulation core body to extract monitoring signals, which belongs to the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
The improvement point of the invention is that a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 are additionally arranged in the insulating core. Preferably, the reference voltage capacitor C3 is formed by a series of mutually insulated and mutually nested capacitor screens wound or laid from one end of the upper flange to the ground end of the mounting flange 15 along the axial direction while the main insulating capacitor C1 is manufactured, the capacitor screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is wound or laid outside the capacitor screen of the corresponding main insulating capacitor C1, and is continuously shifted and mutually nested from the terminal of the high-voltage end along the axial direction; the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitor screens wound outside the outermost capacitor screen of the reference capacitor C3, the reference capacitor C3 plays a role in shielding interference signals, and the capacitance of the capacitor C4 is far larger than that of the reference capacitor C3. Of course, the reference capacitor C3 may also be provided by other winding methods, i.e. winding methods that may not achieve shielding effect, such as a group of coaxial capacitor screens wound outside the main insulating capacitor C1, and still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the capacitive screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is wound or laid outside the main insulating capacitor C1 from the upper end to the lower end of the insulating core alternately with the insulating layer, adjacent capacitive screens are insulated from each other and are nested with each other, and a plurality of capacitive screens of the reference voltage capacitor C3 sequentially shift downward along the axial direction of the conductor 1 from top to bottom, that is, in two adjacent capacitive screens, the lower end of the capacitive screen located above is located in the capacitive screen below, and the lower end of the capacitive screen located above is nested with the upper end of the capacitive screen located below.
Preferably, the capacitor C2 is a capacitor tap of the main insulated capacitor C1, that is, a capacitor tap connected to the 2 nd from the last (or several screens) of the main insulated capacitor C1, and the last two capacitor screens (or several screens) of the main insulated capacitor C1 form a capacitor C2; or the capacitor C2 is an independent capacitor connected with the main insulating capacitor C1 in series and is formed by connecting a plurality of capacitor screens independently wound outside the main insulating capacitor C1 in parallel. The capacitor C4 is a capacitor tap of the reference voltage capacitor C3, that is, a capacitor tap connected to the 2 nd screen (or several screens) from the last of the reference voltage capacitor C3, and the capacitor C4 is formed by the last two capacitor screens (or several screens from the last) of the reference voltage capacitor C3, or the capacitor C4 is an independent capacitor connected in series with the reference voltage capacitor C3, and the capacitor C4 is formed by connecting a plurality of capacitor screens separately wound outside the reference voltage capacitor C3 in parallel. The capacitor C2 is a capacitor tap of the main insulating capacitor C1, and the capacitor C4 is a capacitor tap of the reference voltage capacitor C3, so that the production process and operation of the capacitive equipment are simplified, and the production efficiency is improved. The capacitor C2 or the capacitor C4 adopts an independent winding capacitor structure, so that the output current signal and the output voltage signal can be conveniently adjusted according to the requirement.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a current signal interface 210, a ground signal interface 220 and a voltage signal interface 230 are arranged on the mounting flange 15 of the bushing; the capacitor C2 is formed by connecting a plurality of capacitors formed by alternately winding a main insulating capacitor C1 and insulating layers in parallel, and the capacitor C4 is formed by connecting a reference voltage capacitor C3 in parallel with a plurality of capacitors formed by alternately winding insulating layers; the first capacitance screen at the innermost side of the main insulation capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the conductor 1 to have equal potential, one end of the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the main insulation capacitor C1 and one end of the capacitance C2 are connected with the current signal interface 210 through the current signal wire 21, and the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the capacitance C2 is connected with the grounding signal interface 220 through the grounding wire 22. Because the capacitor C2 is formed by connecting a plurality of capacitors in parallel, during actual connection, the plurality of capacitors of the capacitor C2 are sequentially and alternately connected with the current signal line 21 and the ground line 22 to realize parallel connection (that is, in the capacitor C2, the capacitor connected to the current signal line 21 is a first capacitor, the capacitor connected to the ground line 22 is a second capacitor, and the first capacitor and the second capacitor are sequentially and alternately arranged).
The first innermost capacitive screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the conductor 1, one end of the outermost capacitive screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3 and one end of the capacitor C4 are connected to the voltage signal interface 230 through the voltage signal line 23, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the ground signal interface 220 through the ground line 22. In actual connection, a plurality of capacitive screens of the capacitor C4 are sequentially and alternately connected with the voltage signal line 23 and the ground line 22 to realize parallel connection (that is, in the capacitor C4, the capacitive screen connected with the voltage signal line is a third capacitive screen, the capacitive screen connected with the ground line 22 is a fourth capacitive screen, and the third capacitive screen and the fourth capacitive screen are sequentially and alternately arranged).
Preferably, the insulating core of the bushing is formed by winding an epoxy-impregnated glass filament as an insulating layer and a semi-conductive tape or a metal tape as a capacitive screen alternately around the conductor 1. Of course, the glass fiber and the capacitive screen can be embedded in a mold and then epoxy resin is poured to form the capacitive screen.
The capacitive equipment can be a sleeve, a lightning arrester, a Current Transformer (CT), a voltage transformer (PT), a cable terminal, a cable middle head and the like, and is equipment with an insulating core body of a capacitance voltage-dividing insulating structure. Of course, the layout of the capacitive screen of the main insulating capacitor C1 may be different for different capacitive devices.
The capacitive device of the present invention will be further described below with reference to fig. 4-6, taking the lightning arrester as an example.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the capacitive device is an arrester, the arrester includes a plurality of valve plates and an insulating core body sleeved outside the valve plates, an arrester incoming line terminal 10a and an arrester base 11a are disposed at two ends of the insulating core body, the arrester incoming line terminal 10a is a high-voltage end, the arrester base 11a is grounded and is a ground end, and a silicon rubber umbrella skirt sheath 14a is sleeved on the insulating core body. A main insulating capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 are arranged in an insulating core body of the lightning arrester. In one embodiment, similar to the bushing of the first embodiment, the main insulating capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are all disposed inside the insulating core body, and are composed of a plurality of capacitive screens alternately disposed with the insulating layers inside the insulating core body.
As shown in fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are formed by a plurality of valve plates of the lightning arrester, and the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are disposed inside the insulating core and are formed by a plurality of capacitor screens alternately disposed with the insulating layer inside the insulating core.
The main insulation capacitor C1 is formed by sequentially stacking a plurality of valve plates, and the main insulation capacitor C1 is a valve plate capacitor; the capacitor C2 is composed of at least one valve plate stacked under a plurality of valve plates of a main insulation capacitor C1, and the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series. In fig. 5, the capacitor C2 is composed of a valve plate disposed between the main insulating capacitor C1 and the arrester base 11a, the valve plate of the capacitor C2 is connected to the current signal interface 210 through the current signal line 21, the valve plate of the capacitor C2 is used as the current signal output end, the valve plates prevent the high transient overvoltage from being damaged, and simultaneously, the current sampling function is achieved, and the capacitance of the capacitor C2 is much larger than that of the reference voltage capacitor C1.
The reference voltage capacitor C3 is composed of a string of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens wound or laid from one end of the lightning arrester incoming line terminal 10a close to the high-voltage end of the insulating core body to the grounding end of the other end, the capacitor screens of the reference voltage capacitor C3 continuously shift from the lightning arrester incoming line terminal 10a to the lightning arrester base 11a along the axial direction of the main insulating capacitor C1 and are mutually overlapped, the reference voltage capacitor C3 is a voltage dividing valve plate capacitor and is connected with the main insulating capacitor C1 in parallel and plays a role in improving the performance of the lightning arrester; the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitor screens arranged outside the outermost capacitor screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3, and the capacitance of the capacitor C4 is far larger than that of the reference voltage capacitor C3. Of course, the reference voltage capacitor C3 may be wound in other structures, and the reference voltage capacitor C4 may also use a capacitor tap connected to the penultimate screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3 by a wire as the current signal interface 210.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the arrester incoming line terminal 10a and the arrester base 11a are respectively disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the insulating core, the arrester base 11a is grounded, and the arrester base 11a is provided with a current signal interface 210 and a voltage signal interface 230; the lightning arrester inlet terminal 10a is connected with a valve plate at the upper end of a main insulating capacitor C1, the upper end surface of the valve plate of a capacitor C2 is connected with a current signal interface 210 through a current wire number 21, and the valve plate of a capacitor C2 is grounded through a lightning arrester base 11 a.
The capacitive screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3 sequentially shifts downwards from the upper end to the lower end of the insulating core body along the axial direction of the insulating core body, and is mutually overlapped and insulated; the capacitor C2 is arranged between the main insulating capacitor C1 and the lightning arrester base 11 a; the capacitor C4 is wound outside the lower end of the reference voltage capacitor C3 and above the capacitor C2. The capacitance screen at the innermost side of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the lightning arrester incoming line terminal 10a to have the same potential, one end of the reference voltage capacitor C3 connected with the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface 230 through the voltage signal line 23, and the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the capacitor C4 is grounded through the lightning arrester base 11 a.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the arrester further includes a voltage-sharing cover 12a and a pressing spring 16a, the voltage-sharing cover 12a is disposed between the arrester incoming line terminal 10a and the insulating core, a silicone rubber shed sheath 14a is tightly sleeved outside the insulating core, one end of the voltage-sharing cover 12a is connected to the arrester incoming line terminal 10a, the other end is connected to the silicone rubber shed sheath 14a, and the pressing spring 16a is disposed between the voltage-sharing cover 12a and a valve plate of the main insulating capacitor C1, and presses the valve plate of the main insulating capacitor C1 to the arrester base 11 a.
Preferably, the insulating core of the lightning arrester is formed by winding the insulating layer and the capacitive screen alternately by taking the glass fiber soaked with epoxy resin as the insulating layer and taking the semi-conductive belt or the metal belt as the capacitive screen.
The invention also discloses a device for monitoring the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment, which is used for monitoring the capacitive equipment.
As shown in fig. 7, the apparatus for monitoring insulation parameter of capacitive device of the present invention comprises a current sampling unit 3, a voltage sampling unit 4 and a capacitive device insulation parameter measuring device 5; the current sampling unit 3 is connected with the current signal output end of the capacitive equipment, the voltage sampling unit 4 is connected with the voltage signal output end of the capacitive equipment, and the output end of the current sampling unit 3 and the output end of the voltage sampling unit 4 are respectively connected with the capacitive equipment insulation parameter measuring equipment 5. In a further preferred embodiment, the output of the current sampling unit 3 and the output of the voltage sampling unit 4 are integrated in the insulation parameter measuring device 5 of the capacitive device and connected to the capacitive device through wires.
Compared with the existing method for measuring the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment by signal coupling, the device for monitoring the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment can improve the measurement accuracy of the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment on the premise of not changing the operation mode of the capacitive equipment, does not need to add an additional current transformer, does not need to adopt a signal cable to be connected to a voltage transformer of a transformer substation to obtain a voltage signal, effectively avoids the influence of the errors and the performance of the signal coupling current transformer and the voltage transformer on the measurement result in the prior art, and is suitable for the online monitoring of the insulation parameters of the capacitive equipment; and the current signal that the current sampling unit gathered, the voltage signal that voltage sampling unit gathered all come from the capacitive device inside, avoid or show the external disturbance that reduces, the uniformity is high, is favorable to further improving the accuracy of monitoring result.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the device for monitoring insulation parameters of capacitive equipment of the present invention can be used for on-line monitoring of capacitive equipment, when in use, a high voltage end of the capacitive equipment is connected to a high voltage bus, the voltage of the high voltage bus is a bus voltage U, and a ground end of the high voltage bus is grounded GND. The capacitive device comprises a main insulation capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, wherein the main insulation capacitor C1 and the reference voltage capacitor C3 are connected between a bus voltage U and a ground GND in parallel, the capacitor C2 is connected between the main insulation capacitor C1 and the ground GND in series, leakage current I is generated by applying the bus voltage U to the main insulation capacitor C1 and flows into the ground GND through C2, and the capacitor C4 is connected between the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the ground GND in series; one input end of the current sampling unit 3 is connected with a current signal output end between the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2, and the other input end is connected with a grounding end; one input end of the voltage sampling unit 4 is connected with a voltage signal output end between the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4, the other input end is connected with a grounding end, the grounding end can be directly connected to a flange of the capacitive device to be grounded or grounded through the current sampling unit and the voltage sampling unit, namely, two ends of the capacitor C2 are respectively connected with the input end of the current sampling unit 3, and two ends of the capacitor C4 are respectively connected with the input end of the voltage sampling unit 4. The output end of the current sampling unit 3 and the output end of the voltage sampling unit 4 are respectively connected with the capacitive equipment insulation parameter measuring equipment 5. The insulation parameter measuring equipment 5 of the capacitive equipment is connected with the insulation parameter measuring equipment of the capacitive equipment through a signal cable, and the dielectric loss, and/or capacitance, and/or total current, and/or capacitive current, and/or resistive current of the capacitive equipment are calculated based on the current sampling signal and the voltage sampling signal.
Preferably, the current sampling unit 3 is a resistive element and the input impedance of the current sampling unit 3 is much smaller than the impedance of the capacitor C2, for example, the current sampling unit 3 includes a sampling resistor, the voltage sampling unit 4 is a capacitive element and the input impedance of the voltage sampling unit 4 is much larger than the impedance of the capacitor C4, for example, the voltage sampling unit 4 includes a sampling capacitor. Further, the input impedance of the current sampling unit 3 is much smaller than the impedance of the capacitor C2; the input impedance of the voltage sampling unit 4 is much larger than the impedance of the capacitor C4. Further preferably, the input impedance of the current sampling unit 3 is 0.5% -1.5%, preferably 1%, of the impedance of the capacitor C2; the input impedance of the voltage sampling unit 4 is 50-150 times, preferably 100 times, the impedance of the capacitor C4. The output signal of the current sampling unit 3 has no phase shift with the leakage current I of the main insulation capacitor C1, or has stable phase shift parameters; the output signal of the voltage sampling unit 4 has no phase shift with the bus voltage U or has a stable phase shift parameter.
Preferably, after receiving the output signals of the current sampling unit 3 and the voltage sampling unit 4, the capacitive device insulation parameter measuring device 5 performs the following operations, that is, the dielectric loss, the sum or capacitance, the sum or total current, the sum or capacitive current and or resistive current can be calculated:
the output signal of the current sampling unit is: u0;
I＝U0/Z1；
the phase offset parameter between the output signal of the current sampling unit and the leakage current I of the main insulation capacitor C1 is as follows: Δ θ 0 ═ θ U0- θ i;
wherein, U0 is the output signal of the current sampling unit, I is the leakage current generated by applying the bus voltage U on the main insulation capacitor C1; z1 is the input impedance of the current sampling unit and is a known value; θ U0 is the initial phase of the output signal of the current sampling unit; θ I is the initial phase of I;
the output signal of the voltage sampling unit is: u1;
U＝U1/K；
the phase deviation parameter between the output signal of the voltage sampling unit and the bus voltage is as follows:
Δθ1＝θU-θU1；
wherein, U1 is the output signal of the voltage signal output terminal of the capacitive device, U is the bus voltage; k is the impedance voltage conversion coefficient of the voltage sampling unit and is a known value; theta U is the initial phase of the bus voltage; θ U1 is the initial phase of the output signal of the voltage sampling unit;
the phase difference between the leakage current I of the main insulating capacitor C1 and the bus voltage U is as follows:
ΔθiU＝θi-θU＝θi-θU1-Δθ0-Δθ1；
the dielectric loss of the capacitive device is: tan δ ═ tan (90- Δ θ iU);
the capacitance of the main insulating capacitor C1 of the capacitive device is:
the resistive current of the capacitive device is: ir ═ I × sin (90- Δ θ iU);
the capacitive current of the capacitive device is: ic ═ I cos (90- Δ θ iU);
wherein f is the frequency of the power supply signal, namely the frequency of the bus voltage;
the full current is the detected leakage current I.
Preferably, the capacitive device insulation parameter measuring device 5 includes a signal processing unit, a data analysis unit, a data storage unit and an output transmission unit, wherein the signal processing unit, the data analysis unit and the data storage unit are respectively connected with the current sampling unit 3 and the voltage sampling unit 4, and the output transmission unit is used for transmitting the capacitive device insulation parameters to a client. Furthermore, the data analysis unit can be realized by software method by adopting the existing control chip, the control chip is a microprocessor or a singlechip, or the data analysis unit is realized by a hardware circuit.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. The capacitive equipment is characterized by comprising a main insulating capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a reference voltage capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 which are arranged in the capacitive equipment, wherein two ends of the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 which are connected in series are connected between a high-voltage end and a ground end of the capacitive equipment, two ends of the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 which are connected in series are connected between the high-voltage end and the ground end of the capacitive equipment, one end, connected with the main insulating capacitor C1, of the capacitor C2 is a current signal output end, and one end, connected with the reference voltage capacitor C3, of the capacitor C4 is a voltage signal output end.
2. The capacitive device of claim 1, characterized in that: including the insulating core body, the embedded a plurality of electric capacity screens that are equipped with and insulating layer set up in turn of insulating core body, main insulating capacitor C1, electric capacity C2, reference voltage electric capacity C3 and electric capacity C4 all inlay and establish in the insulating core body, constitute by a plurality of electric capacity screens of inlaying in the insulating core body.
3. The capacitive device of claim 1, characterized in that: the capacitive equipment is provided with a current signal interface (210) and a voltage signal interface (230); a current signal output end between the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 is connected with a current signal interface (210); the voltage signal output terminal between the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface (230).
4. The capacitive device of claim 2, characterized in that: the main insulated capacitor C1 is composed of a plurality of coaxial capacitor screens with gradually increasing diameters and alternately arranged with insulating layers, and the capacitor C2 is composed of a group of capacitor screens arranged outside the outermost capacitor screen of the main insulated capacitor C1; the reference voltage capacitor C3 is formed by a group of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens wound or laid outside the capacitor screen of the corresponding main insulated capacitor C1 from the high-voltage end of the capacitive device to the ground end along the axial direction, and the capacitor C4 is formed by a group of capacitor screens wound outside the outermost capacitor screen of the reference capacitor C3.
5. Capacitive device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the capacitive equipment is a sleeve, a lightning arrester, a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a cable terminal or a cable middle head.
6. The capacitive device of claim 2, characterized in that: the insulating core body is formed by taking glass filaments soaked in epoxy resin as an insulating layer and a semi-conducting belt or a metal belt as a capacitive screen and winding the insulating layer and the capacitive screen alternately.
7. The capacitive device of claim 2, characterized in that: the capacitive equipment is a sleeve, the sleeve comprises a conductor (1), the insulating core is arranged outside the conductor (1), an upper flange (12) and a lower flange (13) are respectively arranged at two ends of the insulating core, and a mounting flange (15) is sleeved outside the middle of the insulating core; the main insulating capacitor C1 is composed of a plurality of coaxial capacitor screens which are gradually increased in diameter and gradually shortened in length and are alternately arranged with insulating layers, and the capacitor C2 is composed of a group of capacitor screens arranged outside the outermost capacitor screen of the main insulating capacitor C1; the reference voltage capacitor C3 is composed of a group of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens arranged outside the capacitor screen of the corresponding main insulated capacitor C1 from one end of the upper flange (12) to the grounding end of the mounting flange (15) along the axial direction, and the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitor screens wound outside the capacitor screen at the outermost side of the reference capacitor C3.
8. The capacitive device of claim 7, characterized in that: a current signal interface (210) and a voltage signal interface (230) are arranged on the mounting flange (15) of the sleeve; the first capacitance screen at the innermost side of the main insulation capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the conductor (1) to have the same potential, the current signal output end between the main insulation capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 is connected with the current signal interface (210), and the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the capacitor C2 is connected with the grounding end; the first capacitance screen at the innermost side of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the conductor (1), the voltage signal output end between the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface (230), and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the ground terminal.
9. The capacitive device of claim 1, characterized in that: the capacitive equipment is a lightning arrester, and the lightning arrester comprises a plurality of valve plates and an insulating core body sleeved outside the valve plates; the main insulating capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are composed of a plurality of valve plates of the lightning arrester, the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are arranged in the insulating core body, and the reference voltage capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are composed of a plurality of capacitor screens which are alternately arranged with the insulating layers in the insulating core body.
10. The capacitive device of claim 9, wherein: the main insulation capacitor C1 is formed by stacking a plurality of valve plates in sequence, and the capacitor C2 is formed by at least one valve plate stacked below the valve plates of the main insulation capacitor C1.
11. The capacitive device of claim 10, wherein: the reference voltage capacitor C3 is composed of a string of mutually insulated and mutually overlapped capacitor screens arranged from one end to the other end of the insulating core body; the capacitor C4 is composed of a group of capacitive screens arranged outside the outermost capacitive screen of the reference voltage capacitor C3.
12. The capacitive device of claim 11, wherein: the lightning arrester is characterized in that a lightning arrester incoming terminal (10a) and a lightning arrester base (11a) are arranged at two ends of the insulating core body, the lightning arrester base (11a) is grounded, and a current signal interface (210) and a voltage signal interface (230) are arranged on the lightning arrester base (11 a); an arrester incoming terminal (10a) is connected with a valve plate at the upper end of a main insulating capacitor C1, the upper end face of the valve plate of a capacitor C2 is connected with a current signal interface (210), and the valve plate of a capacitor C2 is grounded through an arrester base (11 a); the capacitance screen at the innermost side of the reference voltage capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the lightning arrester incoming line terminal (10a) to have equal potential, one end of the reference voltage capacitor C3 connected with the capacitor C4 is connected with the voltage signal interface (230), and the capacitance screen at the outermost side of the capacitor C4 is grounded through the lightning arrester base (11 a).
13. A device for monitoring insulation parameters of capacitive equipment, characterized in that it is used for monitoring the capacitive equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and comprises a current sampling unit (3), a voltage sampling unit (4) and a capacitive equipment insulation parameter measuring device (5); the current sampling unit (3) is connected with the current signal output end of the capacitive equipment, the voltage sampling unit (4) is connected with the voltage signal output end of the capacitive equipment, and the output end of the current sampling unit (3) and the output end of the voltage sampling unit (4) are respectively connected with the capacitive equipment insulation parameter measuring equipment (5).
14. The apparatus for monitoring an insulation parameter of a capacitive device of claim 13, wherein: the output end of the current sampling unit (3) and the output end of the voltage sampling unit (4) are integrated in the capacitive equipment insulation parameter measuring equipment (5).
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