CN210674778U - Biological treatment device for purifying formaldehyde in air - Google Patents
Biological treatment device for purifying formaldehyde in air Download PDFInfo
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- CN210674778U CN210674778U CN201920349878.4U CN201920349878U CN210674778U CN 210674778 U CN210674778 U CN 210674778U CN 201920349878 U CN201920349878 U CN 201920349878U CN 210674778 U CN210674778 U CN 210674778U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a biological treatment device of formaldehyde in can air-purifying passes through the pipe connection by circulation gas-liquid exchange system and biodegradable reaction room and constitutes, accomplishes the purification treatment to formaldehyde through the degradation of the microorganism that uses formaldehyde as only carbon source. The device has good safety and low operation cost, can purify particles in the air while effectively purifying formaldehyde, has the humidifying function, is a biological treatment device for effectively purifying formaldehyde in the air, and has important significance for the product development in the field of biological purification.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a biological purification field specifically is a biological treatment device of formaldehyde in air-purifying.
Background
The formaldehyde can denature protein, has carcinogenic, teratogenic and disabling effects, and can influence human health when the formaldehyde in the air exceeds standard, and the formaldehyde in the indoor air cannot be effectively treated at present.
Currently, there are 2 mainstream processing methods, the first one is: an adsorption method. The adsorption method is divided into natural adsorption and forced adsorption, wherein the natural adsorption method is to arrange an adsorption medium in a room and contact the adsorption medium through natural flow of air to realize limited-efficiency adsorption. The method has no effect on over-standard formaldehyde or the effect can be ignored, and the main reasons are that the air flow is limited, the contact amount of the adsorption medium to the air is small, the contact area is small, and the contact probability of the formaldehyde and the activated carbon is very small. The shallow contact may be repelled by the saturated layer on the surface of the activated carbon, and the adsorption reaction may not be sufficiently performed. Therefore, the formaldehyde removal effect of the natural adsorption method is very limited. The passive adsorption means that formaldehyde in the air enters an adsorption medium chamber filled with activated carbon in a forced ventilation mode, the air can be in relatively complete contact with the activated carbon, and the adsorption medium filters the air and adsorbs organic molecules such as formaldehyde in the air. The method has the defects that the adsorption effect of the adsorption medium is saturated, the saturated adsorption medium cannot continuously adsorb formaldehyde, formaldehyde is released into the air to form a pollution source, secondary pollution is caused, and the adsorption medium needs to be replaced regularly, so that the demand on the adsorption medium is great, the cost is increased, and great resource waste is caused.
And the second method comprises the following steps: and (3) an oxidation removal method. The basic principle of the method is an oxidation method, and the method mainly comprises methods such as catalytic oxidation, plasma oxidation, high-temperature combustion oxidation, ozone oxidation and the like. High-temperature combustion oxidation method: all gas components are heated to over 800 ℃ indiscriminately by utilizing electric energy or combustion heat generation to cause oxygen in the air and formaldehyde to generate oxidation-reduction reaction,generation of H2O and CO2. However, this method is high in energy consumption and high in equipment cost, has an influence on the indoor air temperature, and is basically not suitable for practical application. Plasma oxidation method: utilizing the principle of high-voltage gas discharge to plasmatize all air components without difference, and the plasmatized formaldehyde and oxygen undergo redox reaction to produce H2O and CO2. The method also needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, has high-voltage potential safety hazard, and is not suitable for practical application because the method needs large floor area and heavy equipment volume for non-specific removal of formaldehyde; catalytic oxidation removal, such as photocatalytic oxidation, requires UV irradiation of TiO2The coating has limited reaction area, low oxidation efficiency, ultraviolet pollution and low practical value; the ozone oxidation method is characterized in that the ozone generated by an ozone generator is used for oxidizing formaldehyde gas molecules, the ozone generator has certain potential safety hazard due to the fact that extreme conditions such as high voltage electricity or ultraviolet rays are needed, and then redundant harmful gas O can be generated3Secondary pollution is generated, and the method has almost no practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing an overcome prior art not enough, provide a biological treatment device of formaldehyde among the air-purifying.
The utility model provides a biological treatment device of formaldehyde in air-purifying passes through the pipe connection by circulation gas-liquid exchange system and biodegradable reaction chamber and constitutes, and concrete content is as follows:
the circulating gas-liquid exchange system is a gas-liquid exchange chamber, a gas inlet and a gas outlet are arranged on the gas-liquid exchange chamber, a gas pump is arranged on the outer pipeline of the gas inlet, air containing formaldehyde is extruded into the gas-liquid exchange chamber through the gas pump from the gas inlet, the air is fully contacted with circulating electrolyte in the gas-liquid exchange chamber, the formaldehyde in the air is dissolved in the electrolyte, and the residual gas is discharged through the gas outlet; the gas-liquid exchange room still is provided with water inlet and liquid outlet, and the electrolyte in the exchange room passes through the water pump and realizes the circulation flow in this device, and electrolyte passes through the water pump extrusion and flows into the gas-liquid exchange room from the water inlet, becomes formaldehyde solution after accomplishing formaldehyde exchange with the air abundant contact, discharges from the liquid outlet.
The biodegradation reaction chamber is provided with a liquid inlet and a water outlet which are respectively connected with the liquid outlet and the water inlet through pipelines. The interior of the biodegradation reaction chamber is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a semipermeable membrane with the aperture of 1-4 microns, the upper layer is a formaldehyde-containing solution which flows circularly, and small molecules such as electrolyte, water, formaldehyde and the like in the solution continuously permeate the semipermeable membrane with the aperture of 1-4 microns to be dissolved and exchanged with the lower layer. The lower compartment is provided with a microbial inoculum which grows by taking formaldehyde as a unique C source.
Preferably, a circulating water spraying exchanger is arranged in a gas-liquid exchange chamber in the biological treatment device for purifying the formaldehyde in the air. The water pump is used as power output equipment to apply pressure to the electrolyte, and the pressure enables the electrolyte to be sprayed into the gas-liquid exchange chamber through the spray head. Meanwhile, the indoor air flows into the gas-liquid exchange chamber through the forced draft device. In the gas-liquid exchange chamber, the semi-gaseous electrolyte sprayed is fully contacted with air, formaldehyde, particles and the like in the air are absorbed and transferred into the electrolyte to form formaldehyde solution, and the mass transfer process of formaldehyde from gas to liquid is completed.
Preferably, a temperature controller is arranged in the biodegradation reaction chamber, and the temperature of the electrolyte is kept at 22-35 ℃ through the temperature controller.
The utility model discloses in the microbial inoculum that uses among the biological treatment device of formaldehyde among the air-purifying can degrade formaldehyde, assimilates the formaldehyde in the solution of high concentration and absorbs, as "food" (substrate) of microorganism formaldehyde, when changing the original chemical structure of formaldehyde, becomes partly of thallus self with its conversion to make formaldehyde obtain degrading and getting rid of. This biological treatment device passes through electrolyte and the abundant contact that contains formaldehyde air, preliminary desorption formaldehyde in the air earlier, utilizes the microbial strain who uses formaldehyde as the only C source to realize the high-efficient degradation to the formaldehyde that dissolves in the electrolyte again. The micron-sized semipermeable membrane has two functions: firstly, space isolation is provided for the microbial inoculum, so that the microbial inoculum is fixed in a lower layer space and is not taken away by circulating electrolyte. And secondly, providing exchange pores for formaldehyde and electrolyte in the electrolyte, purifying the formaldehyde-containing solution and removing the formaldehyde. The clean formaldehyde-free electrolyte after the microbial degradation is continuously exchanged with the electrolyte containing formaldehyde on the upper layer in cycles, and the electrolyte after the formaldehyde is removed is pumped into the next electrolyte circulation by the pump body. Therefore, indoor air is continuously in contact exchange with the electrolyte in the device, formaldehyde in the circulating electrolyte is continuously removed, and formaldehyde in the air is continuously removed.
The utility model provides an inside circulating electrolyte that adopts of biological treatment device of formaldehyde in air-purifying can effectively improve the solubility of aldehyde firstly, increases the absorption efficiency to formaldehyde, and secondly wherein electrolyte provides the nutrient and maintains the function of osmotic pressure for the growth and the cultivation of microorganism on next step to guarantee the vitality and the viable count of bacterial, thereby further improve the formaldehyde desorption rate and practice thrift the cost. The temperature control system in the biodegradation reaction chamber is also set for ensuring the viability of the strains and maintaining the formaldehyde degradation rate of the strains, the temperature range is 22-35 ℃, and the temperature control system can be started only when the room temperature is lower than the range, so that the biodegradation reaction chamber is safe and energy-saving.
The utility model provides a biological treatment device of formaldehyde does not need high temperature high pressure device among the air-purifying, therefore the device security is very good. The running state of the equipment is normal temperature and normal pressure, so the running cost is very low. The biomass microbial inoculum can have long-term bioactivity in the electrolyte environment at normal temperature and normal pressure, is effective for a long time, and is stored for a long time, so that special consumables and special maintenance are not needed. The device utilizes the exchange process of electrolyte and air, and can absorb and dissolve some particulate matters in the air while realizing the absorption of formaldehyde, thereby forming better air purification effect. And the air-liquid exchange is carried out, and simultaneously, the escape of part of air with high water content is formed, so that the air humidification effect is formed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1.
In the figure, 1 is a biological reaction chamber, 2 is a gas-liquid exchange chamber, 3 is an air inlet, 4 is an air outlet, 5 is an air pump, 6 is a water inlet, 7 is a liquid outlet, 8 is a liquid inlet, 9 is a water outlet, 10 is a semipermeable membrane, 11 is a water pump, 12 is a pipeline, 13 is a temperature controller, and 14 is a spray exchanger.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are presented to assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
The strains used in the examples below were bacteria of the genus MethylobacteriumMethylobacterium podariumJQ-1 (hereinafter referred to as JQ-1), the preservation number of JQ-1 strain in China general microbiological culture Collection center is CGMCC number 17229.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The media used in the following examples are as follows:
formaldehyde culture medium: formaldehyde 50mg/L, NH4Cl 0.5g/L、Na2HPO43.0g/L、KH2PO41.5g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1g/L、1M CaCl20.1g/L。
The preparation method of the microbial inoculum used in the following examples is as follows: JQ-1 is inoculated into a formaldehyde culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 3-5%, and is cultured by aeration at 30 ℃ or shaking table at 200r/min, when the thallus concentration reaches about 1.5 OD600 value, the fermentation is finished, and the fermentation liquid is a liquid microbial inoculum.
The electrolyte formulations used in the following examples were as follows: na (Na)2PO4·7H2O 6 g/L，KH2PO43.0 g/L，Nacl0.5 g/L，NH4Cl 1.0 g/L，MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L，CaCl20.1g/L。
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a biological treatment device for purifying formaldehyde in air. The device is formed by connecting a circulating gas-liquid exchange system and a biodegradation reaction chamber 1 through a pipeline 12, and comprises the following specific contents:
the circulating gas-liquid exchange system is a gas-liquid exchange chamber 2, a gas inlet 3 and a gas outlet 4 are arranged on the gas-liquid exchange chamber 2, a gas pump 5 is arranged on a pipeline 12 outside the gas inlet 3, air containing formaldehyde is extruded into the gas-liquid exchange chamber 2 from the gas inlet 3 through the gas pump 5, the gas-liquid exchange chamber 2 is also provided with a water inlet 6 and a liquid outlet 7, electrolyte is arranged in the gas-liquid exchange chamber 2, the electrolyte realizes circulating flow through a water pump 11 and enters a circulating water spraying exchanger 14 through the water pump 11, the electrolyte is sprayed into the gas-liquid exchange chamber 2 through a spray head, the electrolyte is sprayed into a semi-gaseous state to be fully contacted with the air, the formaldehyde, particles and the like in the air are absorbed and transferred into the electrolyte to form formaldehyde solution; the formaldehyde solution is discharged from the liquid outlet 7.
The biodegradation reaction chamber 1 is provided with a liquid inlet 8 and a water outlet 9 which are respectively connected with the liquid outlet 7 and the water inlet 6 through pipelines 12. The interior of the biodegradation reaction chamber 1 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a semipermeable membrane 10 with the aperture of 1-4 microns, the upper layer is a formaldehyde-containing solution which flows circularly, and small molecules such as electrolyte, water, formaldehyde and the like in the solution continuously permeate the semipermeable membrane 10 with the aperture of 1-4 microns to exchange with the lower layer solution. The lower compartment is provided with a methylobacterium JQ-1 microbial inoculum and a temperature controller 13, and the temperature in the device can be kept at 22-35 ℃.
Example 2
The biological treatment apparatus described in example 1 was used as a purification apparatus to examine the effect of removing formaldehyde from the air. The closed space is a sterile laboratory which is just constructed at the institute of biological research of science institute of Gansu province and has a room area of 10m2The room is 3m high and the volume is about 30m3The interior of the room in the sterile room is made of a resin material, the window body is a double-layer heat-insulation closed window body, and the air tightness of a door gap is tight. All doors and windows and any pipelines communicated with the outside are sealed 24 hours before the experiment is started.
The indoor gas was sampled after the experiment was started. The sampling method adopts a method of national standard GBT 18883-. The sterile room is close to a cube shape, and sampling points are arranged at the position 1m away from the wall and 1.2m in height in the room for sampling. The model of the gas sampling machine is as follows: NTC-805. The sampling flow rate is set as: 333.3ml/min, the sampling time is: and (3) 30 min. The sampling volume is: 10L.
The original room air was sampled first and recorded as a 0h sample. Then, the room air was purified by the biological treatment apparatus for purifying formaldehyde in air described in example 1. In the treatment process, the room temperature is 25 ℃, and the machine is started for preheating 30min before the experiment is carried out. The circulating water flow rate was 30ml/min, and the air flow rate was set at 100L/min. The sampling time points in the purification treatment process are 0.5h, 1h and 2 h. A total of 4 air samples, which were sequentially labeled: 0h-a, 0.5h-a, 1h-a and 2 h-a. The air sample is collected every time, and simultaneously, the circulating water in the biodegradation chamber in the device is sampled, and the volume is 10 ml. The sampling numbers are sequentially noted as: 0h-w, 0.5h-w, 1h-w and 2 h-w.
And (3) measuring and calculating the concentration of formaldehyde for 8 samples of 0h-a, 0.5h-a, 1h-a, 2h-a, 0h-w, 0.5h-w, 1h-w and 2 h-w. The formaldehyde concentration of the liquid sample is measured by adopting a method of acetylacetone spectrophotometry GB/T15516-1995 for measuring formaldehyde in air quality. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 results of indoor air Formaldehyde treatment
| Point in time | 0h | 0.5h | 1h | 2h |
| Air sample (mg/m)3) | 0.129 | 0.083 | 0.075 | 0.045 |
| Circulating water sample (mg/L) | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.24 |
According to the table data, the utility model provides a formaldehyde in the air-purifying rawThe object processing device can exceed the standard of indoor formaldehyde by 0.1 mg/m3Air (30 m)3) The formaldehyde absorption agent reaches the international indoor air quality standard within 0.5h, and due to the strong degradation effect of the microbial inoculum, the formaldehyde content in the formaldehyde absorption liquid is kept to be operated at an extremely low concentration level, so that the formaldehyde which is dissolved and leached is prevented from escaping again.
Example 3
In the same purification treatment mode and experiment site as in example 4, PM2.5 detection was performed on the central part of the laboratory at 0h, 0.5h, 1h, and 2h while the purification treatment was performed, using a laser PM2.5 detector, and the experimental results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 results of indoor air PM2.5 treatment
| Point in time | 0h | 0.5h | 1h | 2h |
| pm2.5 | 30 | 14 | 8 | 7 |
According to the table data, the method can lead the indoor air (30 m)3) The pm2.5 value 30 drops to 14 within 0.5 h. And with time, the value further goes to 7 at 2 h. Proves that the device has good leaching effect on pm2.5 in the air.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a biological treatment device of formaldehyde in air-purifying which characterized in that this device is connected through pipeline (12) by circulation gas-liquid exchange system and biodegradable reaction chamber (1) and constitutes, wherein:
a, the circulating gas-liquid exchange system is a gas-liquid exchange chamber (2), a gas inlet (3) and a gas outlet (4) are arranged on the gas-liquid exchange chamber (2), a gas pump (5) is arranged on a pipeline (12) outside the gas inlet (3), the gas-liquid exchange chamber (2) is also provided with a water inlet (6) and a liquid outlet (7), and electrolyte in the gas-liquid exchange chamber (2) circularly flows in the device through an external water pump (11);
b, a liquid inlet (8) and a water outlet (9) are arranged on the biodegradation reaction chamber (1) and are respectively connected with the liquid outlet (7) and the water inlet (6) through pipelines (12).
2. The biological treatment device for purifying formaldehyde in the air according to claim 1, characterized in that the interior of the biodegradation reaction chamber (1) is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a semipermeable membrane (10) with the aperture of 1-4 microns, the upper layer is a circularly flowing formaldehyde-containing solution, and a microbial inoculum growing by taking formaldehyde as a unique C source is placed in a lower layer of compartment.
3. The biological treatment device for purifying formaldehyde in air according to claim 1, wherein a spray exchanger (14) is disposed in the gas-liquid exchange chamber (2).
4. The biological treatment device for purifying formaldehyde in air according to claim 1, wherein a temperature controller (13) is arranged in the biodegradation reaction chamber (1).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109893992A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-18 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of biological treatment device purifying formaldehyde in air |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109893992A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-18 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of biological treatment device purifying formaldehyde in air |
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