CN210560289U - Fluidized bed gasification furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fluidized bed gasification furnace, it includes the stove outer covering, and the stove outer wall of rare phase disengagement zone is equipped with inclosed hollow jacket, is equipped with cooling coil in the hollow jacket, and the stove outer wall of rare phase disengagement zone bottom is equipped with the cooling water entry with cooling coil intercommunication, and the stove outer wall at rare phase disengagement zone top is equipped with the steam outlet with cooling coil intercommunication. The advantages are that: the utility model arranges the hollow jacket on the outer wall of the furnace shell corresponding to the dilute phase separation zone and the cooling coil pipe in the hollow jacket, controls the temperature in the dilute phase separation zone at 500-650 ℃ by introducing desalted water for cooling into the cooling coil pipe, effectively avoids the cracking of light tar generated by the dilute phase separation zone, obtains the light tar with high yield, and improves the overall economic benefit; meanwhile, the temperature of the crude gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is greatly reduced, the heat load of a subsequent purification and separation system is reduced, the investment cost of heat exchange equipment is reduced, and the stable operation of the equipment is ensured.

Description

Fluidized bed gasification furnace

The technical field is as follows:

the utility model relates to a coal gasification technical field, in particular to fluidized bed gasification furnace.

Background art:

the coal gasification technology is an important mode for clean and efficient utilization of coal, and the fluidized bed gasification furnace is widely applied to the coal gasification technology due to the reasons of uniform temperature in the furnace, uniform gas-solid mixing, good contact, high gasification efficiency and the like; the fluidized bed gasification furnace takes fine-grained coal as a raw material, and the fine-grained coal and a gasification agent blown into the gasification furnace are subjected to gasification reaction at a certain temperature under the action of a catalyst to generate crude gas; specifically, in the reaction process, after entering from a dilute phase separation zone at the upper part of the gasification furnace, raw material coal contacts with crude gas generated by lower gasification reaction in the descending process to generate pyrolysis reaction, methane-rich pyrolysis gas, gas-phase light tar and semi-tar are generated, the methane-rich pyrolysis gas and the gas-phase light tar are discharged from the top of the gasification furnace along with the crude gas, and the semi-tar continuously falls to a dense phase bed zone at the lower part of the gasification furnace to generate gasification reaction with a gasification agent.

The byproduct light tar produced in the reaction process belongs to a chemical raw material with higher added value, and can improve the economic benefit of enterprises; however, because the lower dense-phase bed region has strong heat storage capacity, the generated high-temperature crude gas can carry more heat to enter the dilute-phase separation region, the temperature difference between the upper dilute-phase separation region and the lower dense-phase bed region of the existing gasification furnace is smaller, and after the raw material coal enters the dilute-phase separation region, the released light tar is subjected to cracking reaction due to higher temperature, so that the content of the light tar carried in the crude gas discharged from the gasification furnace is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is reduced; in addition, the higher temperature of the crude gas increases the heat load of the subsequent purification and separation unit, influences the normal operation of the subsequent equipment, and increases the investment cost of the heat exchange equipment in order to reduce the temperature of the crude gas.

The utility model has the following contents:

an object of the utility model is to provide an effectively avoid light tar schizolysis in order to guarantee its output, and then improve economic benefits's fluidized bed gasifier.

The utility model discloses by following technical scheme implement: the gasification furnace comprises a furnace shell and a furnace chamber in the furnace shell, wherein the furnace chamber is sequentially provided with a dense-phase bed region and a dilute-phase separation region from bottom to top; a coal inlet is arranged on the furnace shell at the bottom of the dilute phase separation zone, and a crude gas outlet is arranged on the furnace shell at the top end of the dilute phase separation zone; the bottom end of the furnace shell is provided with a deslagging hole, the bottom of the dense-phase bed region is provided with an inverted-cone-shaped gas distribution pore plate, the edge of an open end of the gas distribution pore plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the furnace shell, a necking end of the gas distribution pore plate is fixed with the upper edge of the deslagging hole, the gas distribution pore plate and the corresponding furnace shell form a closed gas chamber, and the furnace shell corresponding to the gas chamber is provided with a gasification agent inlet; the outer wall of the furnace shell of the dilute phase separation zone is provided with a closed hollow jacket, a cooling coil is arranged in the hollow jacket, the outer wall of the furnace shell at the bottom of the dilute phase separation zone is provided with a cooling water inlet communicated with the cooling coil, and the outer wall of the furnace shell at the top of the dilute phase separation zone is provided with a steam outlet communicated with the cooling coil.

Further, the furnace shell corresponding to the dilute phase separation zone comprises a dilute phase diameter-changing section, a dilute phase straight cylinder section and a dilute phase neck section which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the coal inlet and the cooling water inlet are formed in the dilute phase reducer section.

Furthermore, a central jet pipe coaxially penetrates through the slag discharge hole, an outlet of the central jet pipe is arranged above the slag discharge hole, and an annular slag discharge channel is formed by the outer wall of the central jet pipe and the inner wall of the slag discharge hole.

Furthermore, the inner wall of the slag discharge hole is provided with a wear-resistant pouring layer.

Furthermore, the furnace shell corresponding to the dense-phase bed zone sequentially comprises a metal outer wall, a refractory castable layer and a refractory brick layer from outside to inside.

The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model arranges the hollow jacket on the outer wall of the furnace shell corresponding to the dilute phase separation zone and the cooling coil pipe in the hollow jacket, controls the temperature in the dilute phase separation zone at 500-650 ℃ by introducing desalted water for cooling or steam for cooling into the cooling coil pipe, effectively avoids the cracking of light tar generated by the dilute phase separation zone, obtains the light tar with high yield, and improves the overall economic benefit; meanwhile, the temperature of the crude gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is greatly reduced, the heat load of a subsequent purification and separation system is reduced, the investment cost of heat exchange equipment is reduced, and the stable operation of the equipment is ensured.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view a of fig. 1.

The parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: the device comprises a furnace shell 1, a coal inlet 1.1, a crude gas outlet 1.2, a slag discharge hole 1.3, a dilute phase reducer section 1.4, a dilute phase straight cylinder section 1.5, a dilute phase necking section 1.6, a metal outer wall 1.7, a refractory castable layer 1.8, a refractory brick layer 1.9, a furnace chamber 2, a dense phase bed layer region 2.1, a dilute phase separation region 2.2, a gas distribution pore plate 3, a gas chamber 4, a gasification agent inlet 5, a hollow jacket 6, a cooling coil 7, a cooling water inlet 8, a steam outlet 9, a central jet pipe 10, a slag discharge channel 11 and a wear-resistant castable layer 12.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fluidized bed gasification furnace includes a furnace shell 1 and a furnace chamber 2 in the furnace shell 1, wherein the furnace chamber 2 is provided with a dense phase bed region 2.1 and a dilute phase separation region 2.2 in sequence from bottom to top; a coarse coal gas outlet 1.2 is arranged on the furnace shell 1 at the top end of the dilute phase separation zone 2.2, a coal inlet 1.1 is arranged on the dilute phase diameter-changing section 1.4, and a slag discharge hole 1.3 is arranged at the bottom end of the furnace shell 1; the furnace shell 1 corresponding to the dilute phase separation zone 2.2 comprises a dilute phase diameter-changing section 1.4, a dilute phase straight cylinder section 1.5 and a dilute phase neck section 1.6 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the inner diameter of the dilute phase straight cylinder section 1.5 is larger than the inner diameter of the furnace shell 1 of the dense phase bed region 2.1, which is beneficial to reducing the airflow speed of the crude gas which rises from the dense phase bed region 2.1 to the dilute phase straight cylinder section 1.5, separating out small particles carried in the crude gas and settling the small particles to fall into the lower dense phase bed region 2.1 to continue gasification reaction; the inclined dilute phase diameter-changing section 1.4 is beneficial to the smooth falling of the semi-tar generated after the pyrolysis of the raw coal to the dense phase bed region 2.1, so that the material accumulation phenomenon is avoided; the dilute phase necking section 1.6 positioned at the top of the furnace shell 1 is beneficial to improving the speed of discharging the crude gas and increasing the production efficiency.

The bottom of the dense-phase bed region 2.1 is provided with a gas distribution pore plate 3 in a reverse taper shape, the edge of the open end of the gas distribution pore plate 3 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the furnace shell 1, the necking end of the gas distribution pore plate 3 is fixed with the upper edge of the slag discharge hole 1.3, the gas distribution pore plate 3 and the corresponding furnace shell 1 form a closed gas chamber 4, and the furnace shell 1 corresponding to the gas chamber 4 is provided with a gasifying agent inlet 5; raw material coal enters a dilute phase separation zone 2.2 of the gasification furnace through a coal inlet 1.1 to carry out pyrolysis reaction, and pyrolysis gas mainly containing methane, gas phase light tar and semi-tar are generated; the semi-tar falls into a dense phase bed region 2.1, the gasifying agent introduced from a gasifying agent inlet 5 diffuses into the gasifier through a gas distribution pore plate 3, is fully contacted and mixed with the semi-tar in the gasifier to generate gasification reaction, high temperature crude gas is generated, the high temperature crude gas can carry part of finer particle bed materials to enter an upper dilute phase separation region 2.2, small particles carried by the crude gas are separated out and settled to fall into a lower dense phase bed region 2.1 due to the reduction of speed in a dilute phase straight barrel region 1.5, the gasification reaction is continuously generated, and the methane-rich crude gas, pyrolysis gas and gas phase light tar ascend in the low temperature dilute phase separation region 2.2, are discharged out of the gasifier through a crude gas outlet 1.2 and enter a subsequent purification and separation system.

The outer wall of the furnace shell 1 of the dilute phase separation zone 2.2 is provided with a closed hollow jacket 6, a cooling coil 7 is arranged in the hollow jacket 6, a cooling water inlet 8 communicated with the cooling coil 7 is arranged on the dilute phase reducer section 1.4, and a steam outlet 9 communicated with the cooling coil 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace shell 1 at the top of the dilute phase separation zone 2.2; introducing cooling desalted water or saturated steam into the cooling coil 7 from a cooling water inlet 8, generating high-temperature water, saturated steam or superheated steam after heat exchange, and discharging the high-temperature water, saturated steam or superheated steam from a steam outlet 9, wherein the steam can be directly sent into a steam pipe network or can be used as a gasifying agent at the bottom of a gasification furnace, and meanwhile, the temperature of the dilute phase separation zone 2.2 is controlled to be 500-650 ℃ through cooling, so that the generated light tar is prevented from being further cracked in the ascending process along with the crude gas, the high-yield light tar is obtained, and the overall economic benefit is improved; meanwhile, the temperature of the crude gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is greatly reduced, the heat load of a subsequent purification and separation system is reduced, the investment cost of heat exchange equipment is reduced, and the stable operation of the equipment is ensured.

A central jet pipe 10 coaxially penetrates through the slag discharge hole 1.3, and an outlet of the central jet pipe 10 is arranged above the slag discharge hole 1.3 and is used for introducing a gasifying agent from the bottom of the gasification furnace, further strengthening the gas fixation and back mixing effect in the central area of the gasification furnace and strengthening the fluidization and gasification reaction degree; the outer wall of the central jet pipe 10 and the inner wall of the slag discharge hole 1.3 form an annular slag discharge channel 11; gasified ash obtained after the gasification of the raw materials in the gasification furnace is discharged to a lower slag discharge system through a slag discharge channel 11, and a gasification agent can be introduced into the slag discharge channel 11 and used for regulating and controlling the discharge amount of the ash.

The inner wall of the slag discharging hole 1.3 is provided with a wear-resistant pouring layer 12, so that the metal outer wall 1.7 of the slag discharging hole 1.3 is effectively prevented from being overheated, and ash particles are prevented from wearing the slag discharging hole 1.3; the furnace shell 1 corresponding to the dense phase bed zone 2.1 is sequentially provided with a metal outer wall 1.7, a refractory castable layer 1.8 and a refractory brick layer 1.9 from outside to inside; the refractory brick layer 1.9 has good overall compactness, high hardness, good pressure resistance and wear resistance, and effectively resists the abrasion of materials; after the fire clay that firebrick layer 1.9 gap was filled is damaged, can further resist the wearing and tearing of lime-ash to the gasifier inner wall through fire-resistant pouring material layer 1.8, fire-resistant pouring material layer 1.8 plays good thermal-insulated effect simultaneously, prevents that the heat conduction that high temperature bed material carried from leading to its overtemperature damage to metal outer wall 1.7.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The fluidized bed gasification furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace shell and a furnace chamber in the furnace shell, wherein a dense-phase bed region and a dilute-phase separation region are sequentially arranged in the furnace chamber from bottom to top; a coal inlet is arranged on the furnace shell at the bottom of the dilute phase separation zone, and a crude gas outlet is arranged on the furnace shell at the top end of the dilute phase separation zone; the bottom end of the furnace shell is provided with a deslagging hole, the bottom of the dense-phase bed region is provided with an inverted-cone-shaped gas distribution pore plate, the edge of an open end of the gas distribution pore plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the furnace shell, a necking end of the gas distribution pore plate is fixed with the upper edge of the deslagging hole, the gas distribution pore plate and the corresponding furnace shell form a closed gas chamber, and the furnace shell corresponding to the gas chamber is provided with a gasification agent inlet; the outer wall of the furnace shell of the dilute phase separation zone is provided with a closed hollow jacket, a cooling coil is arranged in the hollow jacket, the outer wall of the furnace shell at the bottom of the dilute phase separation zone is provided with a cooling water inlet communicated with the cooling coil, and the outer wall of the furnace shell at the top of the dilute phase separation zone is provided with a steam outlet communicated with the cooling coil.

2. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the furnace shell corresponding to the dilute-phase separation zone comprises a dilute-phase reducer section, a dilute-phase straight cylinder section and a dilute-phase necking section which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the coal inlet and the cooling water inlet are formed in the dilute phase reducer section.

3. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a central jet pipe is coaxially inserted into the slag discharge hole, an outlet of the central jet pipe is disposed above the slag discharge hole, and an annular slag discharge passage is formed by an outer wall of the central jet pipe and an inner wall of the slag discharge hole.

4. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner wall of the slag discharge hole is provided with a wear-resistant casting layer.

5. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein the furnace shell corresponding to the dense bed region is a metal outer wall, a refractory castable layer and a refractory brick layer in sequence from outside to inside.

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