CN210438803U - Zinc crude recovery system for zinc-containing dust mud electric furnace method in steel plant - Google Patents
Zinc crude recovery system for zinc-containing dust mud electric furnace method in steel plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a zinc-containing dust and mud electric furnace method crude zinc recovery system for steel plants, which comprises a dust and mud proportioning machine, a ball making machine, a drying machine, an electric furnace proportioning machine and a totally-enclosed buried arc reduction electric furnace which are sequentially arranged and mutually connected; the furnace is characterized by further comprising a slag water crushing pool, a zinc rain condenser, a coal gas purifier, a coal gas container, a crude zinc casting machine, a crude lead casting machine and a pig iron casting machine, wherein the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is provided with a steam outlet, an iron outlet, a slag outlet and a lead outlet, the steam outlet is connected with the zinc rain condenser, the zinc rain condenser is provided with a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, the coal gas purifier and the coal gas container are sequentially connected to the gas outlet of the zinc rain condenser, the liquid outlet of the zinc rain condenser is connected with the crude zinc casting machine, the slag outlet is connected with the slag water crushing pool, the iron outlet is connected with the pig iron casting machine, and the lead outlet is connected with the crude lead casting machine.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of resource integrated utilization and environmental control technique and specifically relates to a zinciferous dirt mud electric furnace method of steel plant retrieves crude zinc system.
Background
The dust and mud of iron and steel works are mainly from dust removing links of pig iron blast furnace (gas dust), steelmaking converter, steelmaking electric furnace, sintering machine, shaft furnace pellets and other processes. The iron content TFe of the dust and mud is generally between 25 and 70 percent, wherein the dust and mud generated by a blast furnace, a converter and a steelmaking electric furnace contains iron, and also contains higher harmful elements such as zinc, lead and alkali metal which need to be controlled in the iron-making and steelmaking production.
The dust and mud generation amount of the steel plant is about 8-12% of crude steel yield, calculated by 9.28 hundred million tons/a crude steel yield in 2018 according to 10%, the annual dust and mud generation amount is about 9280 ten thousand tons, wherein the dust and mud containing zinc and lead accounts for about 4%, about 3700 ten thousand tons, the amount is very large, and the brought environmental pressure is very large.
Dust and mud generated in the sintering and pelletizing links of steel plants can be directly burned and reused due to high iron content and low content of harmful impurities such as Zn, pb and the like, and dust and mud generated in blast furnaces, electric furnaces and converters are difficult to effectively remove the impurities due to zinc-containing sintering because of heavy metal impurities such as zinc, lead and the like, and zinc-containing sinter ore can influence the normal smelting operation of the blast furnaces and the service life of furnace linings. Therefore, for the treatment of the metallurgical dust and mud, firstly, heavy metal elements in the dust and mud need to be recovered or removed, and secondly, valuable elements such as iron, carbon and the like need to be recovered, so that the environmental management and the effective utilization of secondary resources of the dust and mud can be realized.
At present, the treatment process of zinc and lead-containing dust mud in steel plants at home and abroad mainly comprises three process methods, namely a physical method, a wet method and a fire method.
The main disadvantage of the physical process is the low enrichment rate of zinc, therefore, the physical process is generally only used as a pretreatment process of the wet or fire process.
The wet process mainly utilizes the characteristics of zinc oxide amphoteric oxide in the dust and mud, adopts acid leaching or alkaline leaching to enrich zinc, is only suitable for treating the dust and mud containing more than or equal to 10 percent of zinc, and has the advantages of high operation cost, low single-machine productivity, high environmental management difficulty and great waste of iron and carbon elements in the dust and mud. Therefore, the dust and mud of the steel plant are not treated by a wet method.
The pyrometallurgical process is characterized in that under the condition of high-temperature reduction, zinc oxide is reduced to realize solid phase separation from iron and the like, the recovery rate of zinc is high, valuable elements such as iron, carbon and the like can be recycled, the investment and operation cost is low, and the pyrometallurgical process is suitable for treating dust and mud in steel plants.
At present, the typical processes for treating zinc-containing and lead-containing dust mud in steel plants mainly comprise the following two processes.
Rotary kiln process
The process of recovering zinc oxide from zinc-containing waste by using rotary kiln technology is a traditional mature production process, zinc oxide in the zinc-containing dust mud is reduced into zinc steam by carbon and carbon monoxide at the high temperature of 1300 ℃ of the rotary kiln, the zinc steam enters a gas phase to obtain enrichment recovery, the iron-containing dust mud is cooled and then subjected to magnetic separation or gravity concentration for recycling after removing zinc, the slag metallization rate is low, about 40%, and the additional value is low. Therefore, the rotary kiln method recovers zinc element in dust mud, the zinc content of the zinc element is less than 10%, the cost is low, and the method is only suitable for treating high-zinc dust mud.
(II) a rotary hearth furnace method,
The rotary hearth furnace process is a direct reduced iron process newly developed in the last 30 years, is suitable for treating dust and mud containing zinc and iron, can realize the zinc removal of the dust and mud, has higher iron metallization rate in the dust and mud than a rotary kiln, can reach about 70 percent, but lead in the dust and mud can only enter smoke dust for recovery, and has lower utilization rate. Although the two typical production processes can remove zinc and lead elements in dust mud, the metallization rate of the ore balls after reduction is only 40-80%, the overall resource utilization efficiency is still low, and the economic benefit is poor.
In order to obtain higher resource utilization efficiency, Beijing university of science and technology provides a process method for treating zinc-containing and lead-containing dust in steel works by using a closed cupola in a utility model patent publication No. CN 1034889618. The method is characterized in that zinc-containing and lead dust mud in a steel plant is used as a main raw material, a certain amount of coke is added as a reducing agent, the mixture is used for preparing balls, ore balls are preheated at the top of the furnace, the balls are sent into a closed cupola for smelting, zinc steam at the top of the cupola is condensed by a lead-rain condenser to recover crude zinc, molten iron, crude lead and furnace slag are periodically discharged from a furnace hearth, the molten iron and the crude lead are cast and molded to obtain pig iron and crude lead products, and the furnace slag is crushed by water and used as a building material. Compared with the rotary kiln method and the rotary hearth furnace method, the method has the biggest characteristics that dust and mud resources are effectively utilized, the added value of the produced product is higher, and the recovery rate of metal elements is higher. However, this method has disadvantages in that:
1. high carbon emission and high energy consumption. Because the cupola smelting is composed of three basic processes of bottom coke combustion, heat exchange and metallurgical reaction, the high-temperature reduction condition is completely provided by coke combustion and air temperature of a hot blast stove, the energy consumption and carbon emission are high, the production cost is high, and the environmental management difficulty is high;
2. the single furnace has low yield, and the large-scale industrial production is difficult to realize. The cupola furnace belongs to casting smelting equipment in the casting industry, and large-scale production cannot be realized;
3. the capital construction floor space is large, and the cupola furnace needs to be constructed with a hot air system besides the furnace body, so the capital construction floor space is large.
Disclosure of Invention
To the condition of prior art, the utility model aims to provide an environmental protection, single-furnace productivity are high, low in production cost, and can realize resource reutilization and can industrialize mass production's the zinc-containing dirt mud electric furnace method of steel plant and retrieve the crude zinc system.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
the system for recovering the crude zinc by the zinc-containing dust mud electric furnace method in the steel plant comprises a totally-enclosed buried arc reduction electric furnace, a slag water crushing pool, a zinc rain condenser, a coal gas purifier, a coal gas container, a crude zinc casting machine, a crude lead casting machine and a pig iron casting machine, the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is provided with a steam outlet, an iron outlet, a slag outlet and a lead outlet, wherein, the projections of the steam outlet, the slag outlet, the tap hole and the lead outlet in the horizontal direction are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the steam outlet is connected with a zinc rain condenser, the zinc rain condenser is provided with a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, the coal gas purifier and the coal gas reservoir are sequentially connected to the gas outlet of the zinc rain condenser, the liquid outlet of the zinc rain condenser is connected with a crude zinc casting machine, the slag outlet is connected with a slag water crushing tank, the tapping hole is connected with a pig iron casting machine, and the lead tapping hole is connected with a crude lead casting machine.
As one of implementation, it still includes the dirt proportioning machine, ball machine, drying-machine, the electric furnace proportioning machine that set up and interconnect according to the preface, the discharge gate and the totally closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of electric furnace proportioning machine are connected.
Namely, the utility model discloses the material that the scheme was sent into totally closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace can be semi-manufactured goods material, also can be directly the raw materials carries out according to the preface processing back, sends into totally closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
Wherein, dirt mud proportioning machine, ball making machine, drying-machine, electric furnace proportioning machine, pig iron casting machine, crude zinc casting machine, crude lead casting machine be conventional metallurgical equipment, it can carry out the design lectotype according to the production scale, and the retrench is repeated for one's brevity, the cold doubtful ware of zinc rain is for the special non-standard equipment of saying the quick cold suspicion of zinc steam for liquid zinc, and the cold doubtful equipment of optional rotor is cold to be suspected, and one of the cold doubtful equipment of lead rain or other non-standard cold suspicious equipment, the cold doubtful equipment of cold is according to electric furnace capacity and dirt mud content design lectotype.
Further, still be equipped with a connection branch road and be connected with the refining modulation electric stove on this connection branch road between taphole and the pig iron casting machine, the system refining modulation electric stove is supporting with submerged arc reduction electric stove for pig iron molten iron dephosphorization, desulfurization, ingredient modulation and hot-water mixing heat preservation use of molten iron.
Furthermore, a bag-type dust collector is connected between the gas purifier and the gas reservoir.
Further, a furnace top preheater for preheating materials is connected between the electric furnace proportioning machine and the fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace, the furnace top preheater is used for preheating before dust mud ore balls are put into the fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace, and a heat source is provided by coal gas recovered by the electric furnace.
Preferably, the gas storage device is provided with a gas outlet which is respectively connected with the dryer and the furnace top preheater pipeline and provides combustible gas required by heating.
Further, the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is a direct current totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or an alternating current totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
In addition, the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is nonstandard equipment specially used for dust and mud smelting, and various process parameters of the equipment are designed and manufactured according to dust and mud component structures, annual treatment capacity and dust and mud metallurgical performance.
Particularly, the smelting process of the fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is submerged arc operation, and the difference from an open arc electric furnace heated by high-temperature electric arc is that a high-temperature heat source is from electric arc and resistance heat of furnace burden and furnace slag, so that the reduction temperature of the electric furnace is low, the reduction reaction of the furnace burden is sufficient, the recovery rate of metal elements is high, and lead metal elements in dust and mud can be recovered from the furnace bottom to obtain crude lead.
Further, the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace comprises:
the furnace comprises a furnace body, a steam outlet is arranged at one side of the upper part of the furnace chamber, a slag hole and a tap hole are arranged at the side surface of the lower part of the furnace chamber, wherein the projections of the slag hole and the tap hole in the horizontal direction are that the slag hole is arranged above and the tap hole is arranged below, in addition, a lead collecting groove is arranged below the furnace chamber, and the lead collecting groove horizontally extends out of the furnace body and forms a lead outlet; a carbon brick layer is arranged between the lead collecting groove and the lower part of the furnace chamber;
a furnace cover which is arranged on the furnace chamber and seals the furnace chamber;
one end of the self-baking electrode penetrates into the middle part of the furnace chamber from the furnace cover;
the output end of the discharging pipe is connected with the furnace cover in a penetrating way and is communicated with the furnace chamber.
Preferably, the furnace body is built by refractory bricks, and an isolation layer is arranged at the position of the horizontal extension part of the lead collecting groove corresponding to the slag hole or the tapping hole.
The system of the scheme can be used for recovering crude zinc and chromium-containing pig iron from the stainless steel zinc-containing dust sludge.
The operation method of the crude zinc recovery system by the zinc-containing dust and mud electric furnace method in the steel plant comprises the following steps:
(1) more than one of gas dust, converter dust, electric furnace dust, pulverized coal or coke powder in the dust and mud are matched in proportion by a dust and mud proportioning machine, and are mixed uniformly by being matched with a binder accounting for 3-8% of the mass of the dust and mud, and then the mixture is conveyed to a ball making machine;
(2) preparing the materials output by the dust and mud proportioning machine into ore balls through a ball making machine, and then inputting the ore balls into a dryer;
(3) carrying out drying and pre-reduction treatment on the ore balls input by the ball making machine through a dryer, and inputting the treated materials into an electric furnace proportioning machine;
(4) mixing a slagging agent, a reducing agent and the treated ore balls by an electric furnace proportioning machine, inputting the mixture into a fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or preheating the mixture by a furnace top preheater, and then inputting the mixture into the fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace;
(5) smelting the input materials by a fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace;
(6) discharging the slag generated by smelting through a slag outlet;
(7) discharging molten iron generated by smelting through a taphole;
(8) outputting zinc steam and coal gas generated by smelting through a steam outlet, condensing and separating, and outputting crude zinc and coal gas by branches;
(9) discharging crude lead through a lead outlet.
Further, the dust and mud in the step (1) can be one or a mixture of more of blast furnace gas ash, converter ash or electric furnace ash; the fixed carbon of the pulverized coal or the coke powder is more than or equal to 75 percent, the ash content is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the optimization is as follows: the dust and mud components meet the conditions that TFe is more than or equal to 45 percent, Zn is more than or equal to 4 percent, and C/O is more than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.3.
Further, step (b)In the step (4), the slag former is required to be added according to the basicity R of the slag, namely CaO/sio, according to the chemical components of the dust mud ore balls21-1.2, the slag former can be silica or limestone (dolomite), the reducing agent can be coke, the carbon is added according to the carbon and oxygen content of the dust mud ore ball, and the carbon/oxygen<When the content is 1%, coke is added, and the carbon/oxygen content is adjusted within the range of 1.1-1.4.
Further, in the step (5), the electric furnace reduction smelting time is 2.5-4 hours per furnace, the smelting temperature is 1200-1450 ℃, and the following steps are preferred: the ore ball enters the top of the electric furnace and is preheated to about 400 ℃ by the gas combustion of the preheater, and then enters the hearth of the electric furnace for smelting.
Further, the gas supply of the furnace top preheater is provided by a gas recovery device of the reducing electric furnace.
Further, if the capacity of the reduction electric furnace is designed to process dust mud ore balls more than 100 tons/d per day, a slag outlet and a tapping hole are designed to be separated, the slag tapping operation is firstly carried out after the smelting time of the electric furnace is finished (according to the number of furnaces), the tapping operation is carried out after the slag tapping operation is finished, if the daily processing ore ball amount is less than or equal to 100t/d, the slag tapping and the tapping are taken as an outlet, and the step (6) and the step (7) are operated together.
And (7) further detecting the generated molten iron, refining, hot-blending or forming the molten iron meeting the preset requirements to form a casting, and pouring the molten iron not meeting the preset requirements to form pig iron.
Further, for the step (7) such as the composition of pig iron and molten iron not complying with the relevant standards or not complying with the customer's requirements, the refining operation may be carried out. It should be further noted that if the pig iron liquid is used for direct hot blending to a steel plant, the refining electric furnace can also be used for storing and preserving the pig iron liquid, and if the cast pig iron liquid is produced, the casting can be directly poured by preparing and preserving heat through the refining furnace.
Further, the crude zinc recovery operation in the step (8) is performed once every 8-24 hours, and the recovery operation time is determined according to the zinc content of the dust mud. Particularly, the lead eye is opened for 2-5 days during the crude lead recovery operation, and the lead content of the dust mud is determined.
Adopt foretell technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the utility model, its beneficial effect who has is:
1. the recovery rate of zinc, lead and iron metal elements by adopting the system and the scheme is high, and the recovery rate is more than or equal to 95 percent;
2. the system of the utility model uses the pig iron and crude zinc and crude lead produced by the dust mud to have high added value, and the dust mud resource is utilized efficiently;
3. the pig iron and the molten iron produced by the system of the utility model can be controlled according to the relevant standards and the specific requirements of customers;
4. the steel mill applying the system of the utility model can realize hot metal hot mixing by self-processing dust and mud;
5. the utility model has the advantages that the coal gas generated by the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of the system is recycled, thereby achieving the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction;
6. the utility model discloses system low in production cost, economic benefits is good.
Drawings
The scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and the specific implementation mode of the specification:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention showing the connection of the devices and the direction of material transport;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the smelting principle and the simple structure of the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of the system of the utility model;
fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the system of the utility model comprises a dust and mud proportioning machine, a ball making machine, a drying machine, an electric furnace proportioning machine and a totally-enclosed buried arc reduction electric furnace which are arranged in sequence and connected with each other; it still includes broken pond of slag water, zinc rain condenser, gas purifier, coal gas container ware, crude zinc casting machine, crude lead casting machine and pig iron casting machine, totally closed submerged arc reduction electric stove steam outlet, tap hole, slag notch and lead outlet have, wherein, steam outlet, slag notch, tap hole and the projection of lead outlet on the horizontal direction are for setting up according to the preface from top to bottom, steam outlet be connected with zinc rain condenser, zinc rain condenser has gas outlet and liquid outlet, gas purifier and gas container connect on the gas outlet of zinc rain condenser in proper order, the liquid outlet and the crude zinc casting machine of zinc rain condenser are connected, the slag notch be connected with the broken pond of slag water, the tap hole be connected with pig iron casting machine, the lead outlet be connected with crude lead casting machine.
Wherein, dirt mud proportioning machine, ball making machine, drying-machine, electric furnace proportioning machine, pig iron casting machine, crude zinc casting machine, crude lead casting machine be conventional metallurgical equipment, it can carry out the design lectotype according to the production scale, and the retrench is repeated for one's sake unnecessary, the cold doubtful ware of zinc rain is for the special nonstandard equipment of saying that zinc steam is quick cold to be liquid zinc, and the cold doubtful equipment of selectable zinc rain rotor is cold to be suspected, and lead rain is cold to be suspected or one of other nonstandard cold doubtful equipment, and the cold doubtful equipment is according to electric furnace capacity and dirt mud content design lectotype.
In addition, a bag-type dust collector is connected between the gas purifier and the gas reservoir; a connecting branch is also arranged between the tap hole and the pig iron casting machine, and a refining and modulating electric furnace is connected on the connecting branch, and the system refining and modulating electric furnace is matched with a submerged arc reduction electric furnace and is used for dephosphorization and desulfurization of pig iron molten iron, component modulation and heat exchange and heat preservation of molten iron; a furnace top preheater for preheating materials is also connected between the electric furnace proportioning machine and the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace, the furnace top preheater is used for preheating before dust mud ore balls are put into the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace, and a heat source is provided by coal gas recovered by the electric furnace; preferably, the gas storage device is provided with a gas outlet which is respectively connected with the dryer and the furnace top preheater pipeline and provides combustible gas required by heating; further, the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace can be a direct current totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or an alternating current totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
Furthermore, the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is nonstandard equipment specially used for dust and mud smelting, and various process parameters of the equipment are designed and manufactured according to dust and mud component structures, annual treatment capacity and dust and mud metallurgical performance.
Particularly, the smelting process of the fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is submerged arc operation, and the difference from an open arc electric furnace heated by high-temperature electric arc is that a high-temperature heat source is from electric arc and resistance heat of furnace burden and furnace slag, so that the reduction temperature of the electric furnace is low, the reduction reaction of the furnace burden is sufficient, the recovery rate of metal elements is high, and lead metal elements in dust and mud can be recovered from the furnace bottom to obtain crude lead.
Referring to fig. 2, the utility model discloses a totally closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of system include:
the furnace comprises a furnace body 1, wherein the upper end of the furnace body 1 is provided with a furnace chamber 11 with a concave structure, one side of the upper part of the furnace chamber 11 is provided with a steam outlet 12, the side surface of the lower part of the furnace chamber 11 is provided with a slag outlet 13 and an iron outlet 14, the projections of the slag outlet 13 and the iron outlet 14 in the horizontal direction are that the slag outlet 13 is arranged above the iron outlet 14, in addition, a lead collecting groove 151 is arranged below the furnace chamber 11, and the lead collecting groove 151 horizontally extends out of the furnace body 1 and forms a lead outlet 15; a carbon brick layer 2 is arranged between the lead collecting groove 151 and the lower part of the furnace chamber 11;
a lid 16 which covers and seals the cavity 11;
one end of the self-baking electrode 4 penetrates into the middle part of the furnace chamber 11 through the furnace cover 16;
the output end of the discharging pipe 5 is connected with the furnace cover 16 in a penetrating way and is communicated with the furnace chamber 11.
Preferably, the furnace body 1 is made of refractory bricks, and the horizontally extending part of the lead collecting groove 151 is provided with an isolation layer 21 at a position corresponding to the slag outlet 13 or the tap hole 14.
Meanwhile, the steam outlet 12 is connected with the zinc rain condenser 3, and the zinc rain condenser 3 is provided with a gas outlet 31 and a liquid outlet 32 which are respectively used for outputting coal gas and condensed liquid zinc.
During smelting in the furnace chamber 11 of the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction circuit, different smelting zones are correspondingly formed, namely an ① molten iron zone, a ② slag zone, a ③ high-temperature reduction reaction zone (the temperature is approximately 1350-1650 ℃), a ④ furnace charge prereduction reaction and melting zone (the temperature is approximately 1200-1350 ℃), a ⑤ slag crust and sintering zone (the temperature is approximately 900-1200 ℃), a ⑥ furnace charge preheating zone (the temperature is approximately 600-900 ℃), and a ⑦ furnace charge zone (the temperature is approximately 400-600 ℃).
The system of the scheme can be used for recovering crude zinc and chromium-containing pig iron from the stainless steel zinc-containing dust sludge.
Adopt the above-mentioned system scheme who implements the structure, the utility model discloses an operation scheme as follows:
referring to fig. 3, the operation method of the zinc-containing dust and sludge electric furnace crude zinc recovery system in the steel plant comprises the following steps:
(1) more than one of gas dust, converter dust, electric furnace dust, pulverized coal or coke powder in the dust and mud are matched in proportion by a dust and mud proportioning machine, and are mixed uniformly by being matched with a binder accounting for 3-8% of the mass of the dust and mud, and then the mixture is conveyed to a ball making machine; wherein, the dust and mud can also be one or more of blast furnace gas ash, converter ash or electric furnace ash; the fixed carbon of the pulverized coal or the coke powder is more than or equal to 75 percent, the ash content is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the optimization is as follows: the dust and mud components meet the conditions that TFe is more than or equal to 45 percent, Zn is more than or equal to 4 percent, and C/O is more than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.3;
(2) preparing the materials output by the dust and mud proportioning machine into ore balls through a ball making machine, and then inputting the ore balls into a dryer;
(3) carrying out drying and pre-reduction treatment on the ore balls input by the ball making machine through a dryer, and inputting the treated materials into an electric furnace proportioning machine;
(4) mixing a slagging agent, a reducing agent and the treated ore balls by an electric furnace proportioning machine, inputting the mixture into a fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or preheating the mixture by a furnace top preheater, and then inputting the mixture into the fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace; wherein, the slag former is based on the chemical components of the dust mud ore ball and the basicity of the slag R is CaO/sio21-1.2, the slag former can be silica or limestone (dolomite), the reducing agent can be coke, the carbon is added according to the carbon and oxygen content of the dust mud ore ball, and the carbon/oxygen<When the content of the carbon is 1 percent, adding coke, adjusting the carbon/oxygen ratio to be 1.1-1.4, and supplying coal gas of a furnace top preheater by a coal gas recovery device of a reducing electric furnace;
(5) smelting the input materials by a fully-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace; wherein the reduction smelting time of the electric furnace is 2.5-4 hours per furnace, the smelting temperature is 1200-1450 ℃, and the following is preferable: the ore balls enter the top of the electric furnace and are preheated to about 400 ℃ by gas combustion of a preheater and then enter the hearth of the electric furnace for smelting;
(6) outputting the smelting generated material slag through a slag outlet;
(7) molten iron produced by smelting is discharged through a tap hole, wherein, if the composition of the pig iron and the molten iron does not meet relevant standards or customer requirements, refining operation can be carried out. It is further noted that if the pig iron liquid is used for directly hot blending to a steel plant, the refining electric furnace can also be used for storing and preserving heat of the pig iron liquid, and if the cast pig iron liquid is produced, the casting can be directly poured by preparing and preserving heat through the refining furnace;
(8) outputting zinc steam and coal gas generated by smelting through a steam outlet, condensing and separating, and outputting crude zinc and coal gas by branches, wherein the crude zinc is recovered every 8-24 hours, and the recovery operation time is determined according to the zinc content of dust mud. Particularly, the lead eye is opened for 2-5 days during the crude lead recovery operation, and the lead content of the dust mud is determined;
(9) and discharging crude lead through a lead outlet.
Further, if the capacity of the reduction electric furnace is designed to process dust mud ore balls more than 100 tons/d per day, a slag outlet and a tapping hole are designed to be separated, the slag tapping operation is firstly carried out after the smelting time of the electric furnace is finished (according to the number of furnaces), the tapping operation is carried out after the slag tapping operation is finished, if the daily processing ore ball amount is less than or equal to 100t/d, the slag tapping and the tapping are taken as an outlet, and the step (6) and the step (7) are operated together.
The main chemical components of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant mentioned by the scheme of the utility model are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition table of zinc-containing dust and mud of iron and steel works
The scheme of the utility model is further expressed visually by combining with concrete operation examples.
Example 1
In this example 1, the dust and mud in table 1 are used together, the electric furnace is a totally-enclosed buried arc reduction electric furnace after the electric furnace equipment is used, the processing capacity of the electric furnace is 60000 tons/a (calculated as 300 days/a), and the processing quantity is 10000 tons.
According to the chemical components of each dust and mud in table 1, in the embodiment, 40% of blast furnace gas ash, 30% of converter dust and mud and 30% of electric furnace dust and mud are selected and mixed uniformly to prepare balls, and the number and the chemical components of the mixed ore balls are calculated by weighted average as shown in table 2 below:
table 2 table unit of main components of the dust and mud mixing ball: is based on
The mixed pellets in Table 2 were dried in a dryer (H) according to the process flow chart shown in FIG. 320 ═ O), then 5% of coke (semi coke) by weight of the ore-blending pellet is used as reducing agent, 2% of silica by weight of the ore-blending pellet is used as slag-forming agent, in which the reducing agent C is 82%, ash is 14.5%, silica SiO is used as slag-forming agent297.5%, each batch of the mixed balls weighed 500kg, and were batched by a PLC electric furnace batcher, as shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 electric furnace ingredient table
The slag basicity R of the mixture is calculated as Ca + mg/SiO2＝1.24。
The mixture that will above-mentioned batching list is joined in marriage is sent to the furnace roof heater by electric stove autoloader and preheats about the mixture to 500 ℃, sends to totally closed buried solitary reduction electric stove through unloading pipe again and smelts, wherein: controlling the smelting temperature to be 1350-1700 ℃, controlling the smelting time to be 3.5 hours per furnace (wherein, 2.5 hours of the smelting time are used for discharging slag once from a slag outlet, and 3.5 hours of the smelting time is used for tapping iron), casting and molding crude zinc after being quenched by a cold quenching device, recycling crude lead once every 8 hours, recycling crude lead through a lead discharge outlet of an electric furnace, recycling crude lead once every 3 days, and crushing the smelting furnace slag by water in a water crushing tank to be used as a building material.
The smelting area and the general principle of the electric reduction furnace refer to fig. 2 and 3;
the crude zinc and pig iron, lead bullion products recovered from the treatment of dust sludge of this example are shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 statistical table of product and raw material consumption
| Name (R) | Mixing ball | Coke cubes | Silica | Pig iron | Crude zinc | Lead bullion |
| Quantity (t) | 10000 | 500 | 200 | 4718 | 340 | 70 |
| Recovery of metals | 95％ | 92％ | 94％ |
Note: the Zn content of the crude zinc is more than or equal to 97 percent, and the Pb content of the crude lead is more than or equal to 96 percent
Analysis of beneficial effects:
first, the product value produced by the embodiment is calculated
1. 4718t × 2655 pig iron is 1252.62 ten thousand yuan (no tax);
2. crude zinc: 340 x 16500 is less than or equal to 561 ten thousand yuan (no tax);
3. crude lead: 74t × 1469.7 ═ 108.76 ten thousand dollars (no tax);
totaling: no tax product value Σ 108.76+561+1252.63 is 1922.39 ten thousand dollars.
Second, the cost calculation of the production and processing in the embodiment 1
The ton dust mud processing cost is calculated as shown in the following table 5:
table 5 dust and mud processing cost calculation table unit: ton of
| Serial number | Name (R) | Number of | Unit of | Unit price of | Amount (Yuan) | Remarks for |
| 1 | Electric charge | 1200 | Degree of rotation | 0.50 | 600 | (No tax) |
| 2 | Coke cubes | 0.05 | Ton of | 1400 | 70 | (No tax) |
| 3 | Electrode paste | 0.03 | Ton of | 3500 | 105 | (No tax) |
| 4 | Steel material | 0.007 | Ton of | 3500 | 24.50 | (No tax) |
| 5 | Silica | 0.02 | Ton of | 300 | 6 | (No tax) |
| 6 | Labour protection, low-grade and easy product | 17.6 | ||||
| 7 | Maintenance of equipment | 17.6 | ||||
| 8 | Crude zinc cost | 20 | (recovery cost) | |||
| 9 | Payroll | 60 | ||||
| 10 | Management fee | 10 | ||||
| 11 | Depreciation | 50 | Annual treatment capacity of 6 ten thousand |
|||
| 12 | Financial cost | 20 | ||||
| 13 | Tax fee | 25 | (value added tax and surcharges) | |||
| 14 | Total up to | 1025.70 |
10000 tons of dust and mud are co-processed in the embodiment, and the cost for payment is as follows: Σ 10000 × 1025.70 yuan is 1025.7 ten thousand yuan.
Thirdly, calculating economic benefits
1. Product, non-tax income (calculated according to table 4 and market price)
Totaling: 1922.39 Wanyuan
2. The hair income is 1922.39 ten thousand yuan-1025.7 ten thousand yuan 896.69 ten thousand yuan.
3. The tax due to payment is: 896.69 × 25% ═ 224.17 ten thousand yuan.
4. 896.69-224.17-672.59-ten thousand yuan
Therefore, the economic benefit generated by the system of the utility model is obvious.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the dust and sludge in table 1 of example 1 is still used, the implementation amount is still 10000 tons, and the rest process operation steps are the same as those in example 1, except that 50% of blast furnace gas ash and 50% of electric furnace ash are selected in this embodiment, and the following table 6 shows the components of the dust and sludge mixed balls:
table 6 main ingredient table of dust and mud mixing ball
The electric furnace recipe of this example is shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 electric furnace dosage sheet
R＝Cao+Mgo/R＝1.25
In this example, dolomite was used as a slag forming agent, and the reducing agent was the same as in example 1.
The operation of electric furnace reduction smelting and crude zinc and crude lead recovery in this example was the same as in example 1
The products and raw material consumption produced in this example are shown in table 8 below:
TABLE 8 statistical table of product and raw material consumption
| Name (R) | Mixing ball | Coke cubes | Dolomite | Pig iron | Crude zinc | Lead bullion |
| Quantity (t) | 10000 | 800 | 200 | 4219 | 447 | 126 |
| Recovery of metals | 95％ | 92％ | 94％ |
Has the advantages that:
product income (without tax)
1. Pig iron: 4219 × 2655 is 1120 ten thousand yuan;
2. crude zinc: 447 × 16500 ═ 737.55 ten thousand yuan;
3. crude lead: 126 ton × 14697 ═ 185.18 ten thousand yuan;
the total revenue is 110+737.55+185.18 is 2042.73 ten thousand yuan.
Second, cost aspect
In this embodiment, the coke consumption is increased by 300 tons, the cost is increased by 300 tons × 1400 yuan/ton to 42 ten thousand yuan, the other costs are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the total cost is 1025.7 ten thousand yuan +42 ten thousand yuan to 1067.7 ten thousand yuan.
Third, benefit comparison
The profit of the embodiment is as follows:
maoli 2042.73-1067.7 975.03 ten thousand yuan, 975.03 × 0.25 244 ten thousand yuan
Pure 731.27 ten thousand yuan.
Example 3
In this example, a blast furnace gas ash was selected, and the process steps were the same as in example 1, but the product yield and cost were different due to the different chemical components of the dust.
Table 9 table of main components of the ball of this example
As shown in table 10, the formulation of the fire for this example is as follows:
TABLE 10 electric furnace dosage sheet
Wherein, the gas ash carbon is excessive and does not need to be prepared.
The products produced and consumption in this example are shown in statistical Table 11
TABLE 11
| Name (R) | Gas ash | Coke cubes | Dolomite | Pig iron | Crude zinc | Lead bullion |
| Quantity (t) | 10000 | / | 1000 | 3530 | 640 | 90 |
| Recovery of metals | 93％ | 94％ | 92％ |
Has the advantages that:
product income (without tax)
1. Pig iron: 3530.25 × 2655 is 937.2 ten thousand yuan;
2. crude zinc: 640 × 16500 ═ 1056 ten thousand yuan;
3. crude lead: 90 × 14697 ═ 132.27 ten thousand yuan;
the total income is 2125.47 ten thousand yuan.
Second, cost aspect
1. Saving 500T × 1400 (compared with example 1) 70 ten thousand yuan, saving 200T × 300 (6 ten thousand yuan) of silica;
2. the dosage of dolomite is increased to 1000 tons multiplied by 200 which is 20 ten thousand yuan;
after the two items are balanced, the cost can be saved: 76 ten thousand yuan to 20 ten thousand yuan is 50 ten thousand yuan;
the cost of the embodiment is 1025.70 ten thousand yuan to 50 ten thousand yuan 975.7 ten thousand yuan.
Third, calculating benefits
1. Moli 2125.47-975.7-1149.77 ten thousand yuan;
2. the tax obtained is 1149.77 × 0.25 is 287.44 ten thousand yuan;
3. pure profit is 862.33 ten thousand yuan;
in summary, in the above three embodiments, as the amount of zinc mixed with the dust and mud increases, the profit tax increases, if calculated according to the average value: example 1 and example 2, mean net profit 755 ten thousand yuan.
Average tax (224.17+244+287.44)/3 251.87+30 ten thousand yuan (value added tax) 281.87 ten thousand yuan.
The annual waste volume of more than three kinds of dust and mud of steel plants in the whole country is 3700 ten thousand tons, the utility model discloses a technology is adopted, the annual profit is 755 is 3700 ten thousand is 279.35 hundred million yuan;
annual tax fee 281.87 × 3700 ten thousand yuan (115.07 billion yuan);
and the pollution of dust and mud can be thoroughly solved, and waste materials are changed into valuable materials.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that various changes and modifications can be made to this embodiment by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The zinc-containing dust mud electric furnace method of steel plant retrieves crude zinc system, its characterized in that: it includes totally closed arc reduction electric furnace, slag water shredding pond, zinc rain condenser, gas purifier, coal gas container ware, crude zinc casting machine, crude lead casting machine and pig iron casting machine of burying, totally closed arc reduction electric furnace that buries have steam outlet, tap hole, slag notch and lead outlet, wherein, steam outlet, slag notch, tap hole and the projection of lead outlet on the horizontal direction are for setting up according to the preface from top to bottom, steam outlet and zinc rain condenser be connected, zinc rain condenser has gas outlet and liquid outlet, gas purifier and gas container ware connect in proper order on the gas outlet of zinc rain condenser, the liquid outlet and the crude zinc casting machine of zinc rain condenser are connected, the slag hole be connected with slag water shredding pond, the tap hole be connected with the pig iron casting machine, the lead outlet be connected with the crude lead casting machine.
2. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: it still includes the dirt mud proportioning machine, system ball machine, drying-machine, the electric furnace proportioning machine that set up according to the preface and interconnect, the discharge gate and the totally closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of electric furnace proportioning machine are connected.
3. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a connecting branch is also arranged between the tap hole and the pig iron casting machine, and a refining and modulating electric furnace is connected on the connecting branch.
4. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and a bag-type dust collector is also connected between the gas purifier and the gas reservoir.
5. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and a furnace top preheater for preheating materials is also connected between the electric furnace dosing machine and the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
6. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 5, wherein: the gas container is provided with a gas outlet which is respectively connected with the dryer and the furnace top preheater pipeline and provides combustible gas required by heating.
7. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the totally-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace comprises:
the furnace comprises a furnace body, a steam outlet is arranged at one side of the upper part of the furnace chamber, a slag hole and a tap hole are arranged at the side surface of the lower part of the furnace chamber, wherein the projections of the slag hole and the tap hole in the horizontal direction are that the slag hole is arranged above and the tap hole is arranged below, in addition, a lead collecting groove is arranged below the furnace chamber, and the lead collecting groove horizontally extends out of the furnace body and forms a lead outlet; a carbon brick layer is arranged between the lead collecting groove and the lower part of the furnace chamber;
a furnace cover which is arranged on the furnace chamber and seals the furnace chamber;
one end of the self-baking electrode penetrates into the middle part of the furnace chamber from the furnace cover;
the output end of the discharging pipe is connected with the furnace cover in a penetrating way and is communicated with the furnace chamber.
8. The system for recovering the crude zinc by the electric furnace method of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the furnace body is built by refractory bricks, and the horizontal extension part of the lead collecting groove is provided with an isolating layer corresponding to the slag hole or the tap hole.
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| CN110453082A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-15 | 龙岩山青冶金科技有限公司 | Steel plant's Zinc-Bearing Wastes electric furnace process recycles crude zinc system and method |
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| CN110453082A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-15 | 龙岩山青冶金科技有限公司 | Steel plant's Zinc-Bearing Wastes electric furnace process recycles crude zinc system and method |
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