CN210427195U - Material performance test system under supergravity environment suspension type multi-field coupling effect - Google Patents
Material performance test system under supergravity environment suspension type multi-field coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN210427195U CN210427195U CN201920934872.3U CN201920934872U CN210427195U CN 210427195 U CN210427195 U CN 210427195U CN 201920934872 U CN201920934872 U CN 201920934872U CN 210427195 U CN210427195 U CN 210427195U
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 57
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 16
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a material capability test system under hypergravity environment suspension type multi-field coupling effect. The device comprises a hoisting sealed cabin, a bearing frame, a high-temperature furnace, a mechanical testing device and a buffering device; the bearing frame and the high-temperature furnace are fixedly installed inside the hoisting sealed cabin, the bearing frame covers the outside of the high-temperature furnace, the buffer device is installed at the bottom inside the high-temperature furnace, the upper end and the lower end of the mechanical testing device are connected to the top of the bearing frame and the bottom of the high-temperature furnace, and the sample is connected and installed at the tail end of the mechanical testing device. The utility model provides a volume power-face power-temperature coupling effect under the high-speed rotation state difficult problem of material dynamic behavior test down, device simple structure, convenient operation and safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a material performance test technical field especially relates to a material performance test system and method under suspension type volume power-face power-temperature coupling effect under hypergravity environment.
Background
With the increase of the thrust-weight ratio and the reduction of the turbine number, the inlet temperature of the turbine front gas is developed from 1400-1500K in the 70 th century to 1600-1750K in the early century, and the inlet temperature of the turbine front gas of the engine with the thrust-weight ratio of 12-15 is up to 2000-2200K, which puts higher performance requirements on the hot end part of the engine core. The high-pressure turbine working blade is used as one of key components of a hot end part and works under the coupling loading conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high rotating speed, alternating load and the like for a long service period.
When in service, the turbine working blade rotates at a high speed around the axis of the engine and has the function of converting potential energy and heat energy of gas into mechanical work of a rotor by utilizing expansion work of the gas, so that the turbine working blade mainly bears the coupling action of centrifugal load, thermal load, pneumatic load and vibration load in the service process. Centrifugal stress generated by centrifugal load belongs to volume force, and the bending-twisting structure blade which enables the stacking line and the radial line not to be completely overlapped generates radial tensile stress, torsional stress and bending stress. Thermal stress generated by thermal load is closely related to geometric constraint, the more the geometric constraint is, the larger the thermal stress is, and particularly, stress concentration at the air film hole can obviously reduce the fatigue life of the blade. The aerodynamic force generated by the aerodynamic load is surface distribution pressure, belongs to area force, acts on each surface of the blade, and is unevenly distributed along the blade height and the blade width direction. Therefore, the turbine blade undergoes shear deformation, tensile deformation and torsional deformation simultaneously under the coupling action of radial tensile stress, torsional stress, bending stress and thermal stress, which is obviously different from the deformation behavior under the uniaxial stress state of a laboratory.
The atomic solid phase diffusion is the root cause of the microstructure evolution in the service process of the material, and the volume force-surface force-temperature dynamic coupling generated by the high-speed rotation of the blade obviously increases the diffusion rate of atoms at the defects of interfaces, dislocations, cavities and the like, so that the microstructure evolution of the blade is different from the axial surface force action. Meanwhile, under the action of supergravity, the precipitated phases with different densities generate complicated and incompatible plastic deformation among the precipitated phases due to different elastic modulus, thermal expansion and the like, so that the driving force of relative motion among substances with different densities is further increased, and then huge internal stress is generated in the material, so that the damage mechanism of the material is obviously different from that of the material under the action of surface force.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the difficult problem of material dynamic behavior test under the volume power-face power-temperature coupling effect under the above-mentioned high-speed rotation state, the utility model discloses the initiative provides an assembly is simple, convenient to use, factor of safety are high, and can be used to the material performance test system of hypergravity operating mode, and the device is fit for under 1g-2500g hypergravity environment, and the temperature is from room temperature-1600 ℃, and the biggest face power that provides is 300 kN.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
the utility model comprises a hoisting sealed cabin, a bearing frame, a high temperature furnace, a mechanical testing device and a buffering device; the bearing frame and the high-temperature furnace are fixedly installed inside the hoisting sealed cabin, the bearing frame covers the outside of the high-temperature furnace, the buffer device is installed at the bottom inside the high-temperature furnace, the upper end and the lower end of the mechanical testing device are connected to the top of the bearing frame and the bottom of the high-temperature furnace, and the sample is connected and installed at the tail end of the mechanical testing device.
The lifting sealed cabin comprises an upper sealed dome and a lifting sealed cavity, the cavity is arranged in the lifting sealed cavity, the upper end of the cavity is open, the side walls of two sides of the lifting sealed cavity are outwards connected with cabin lifting lugs 13, the cabin lifting lugs on the two sides are hinged and connected to a hanging basket rotating arm of the supergravity centrifugal machine, and the upper sealed dome is installed and connected to the end surface of the cavity opening of the lifting sealed cavity through bolts and is in sealed connection; the upper sealing dome is provided with a host interface which is used for connecting an air extraction interface of a vacuum system, a pressure gauge interface for monitoring the pressure in the furnace, a safety valve interface for controlling the pressure in the furnace, a heating electrode interface flange of a heating system, a temperature measuring system and a vacuum connecting cable socket for deformation measurement.
The bearing frame comprises a pull rod fixing dome, fixing rings and stand columns, wherein the two fixing rings are respectively arranged in parallel and oppositely up and down, the two fixing rings are fixedly connected through a plurality of stand columns to form a cylindrical shell, the pull rod fixing dome is fixedly installed on the fixing ring on the upper portion of the fixing ring, the pull rod fixing dome is of an arc boss structure, the fixing ring on the lower portion of the fixing ring is fixed on the inner bottom surface of a cavity of the hoisting sealing cavity through bolts, the pull rod fixing dome and the stand columns are fixed through the two fixing rings to prevent stress deformation, and the pull rod; the top end of the mechanical testing device is arranged on the pull rod fixing dome, and the lower end of the mechanical testing device is connected to a sample after penetrating through the high-temperature furnace.
The high-temperature furnace is fixed in the supergravity test chamber and comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a heat insulation layer, a high-strength furnace tube, a heating body and a furnace body bearing body which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover, an upper furnace body shell, an upper furnace body middle shell, an upper furnace body heat insulation layer and an upper furnace body lower fixing cover, wherein the upper furnace body shell, the upper furnace body middle shell and the upper furnace body heat insulation layer are respectively installed from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure; the middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulation cover, a middle cavity shell, a middle cavity middle shell, a middle cavity heat insulation layer and a middle cavity lower fixing cover, wherein the middle cavity shell, the middle cavity middle shell and the middle cavity heat insulation layer are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure; the upper cavity lower fixing cover of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulation cover of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover, a lower cavity outer shell, a lower cavity middle shell, a lower cavity heat insulation layer and a lower cavity lower fixing cover, wherein the lower cavity outer shell, the lower cavity middle shell and the lower cavity heat insulation layer are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure; the lower fixed cover of the middle cavity of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover of the lower furnace body; the furnace body supporting body is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body, the high-strength furnace tube is arranged on the furnace body supporting body, and heat insulation layers are respectively filled outside the high-strength furnace tube and between the upper cavity heat insulation layer of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat insulation layer of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body; the spiral groove is machined in the high-strength furnace tube, the spiral groove is provided with the spiral heating body, the spiral groove is provided with a heat dissipation channel on one side facing the inner wall of the high-strength furnace tube, and heat generated by the heating body is uniformly radiated to the center of the high-strength furnace tube through the heat dissipation channel.
The mechanical testing device comprises a high-temperature pull rod, a chuck, a test sample, a locking nut and a surface force loading block; the upper end of the high-temperature pull rod is fixed on the top of the bearing frame through a screw hole and a bolt, the lower end of the high-temperature pull rod is fixed with the upper end of a chuck, the lower end of the chuck clamps the upper end of a sample, and the lower end of the sample is fixedly connected with a surface force loading block through a locking nut; the lower part of the high-temperature pull rod and the sample are arranged in a high-strength furnace tube of the high-temperature furnace, and the surface force loading block penetrates through the high-strength furnace tube of the high-temperature furnace and extends into the buffer device.
The heating body generates heat in the working process, the high-strength furnace tube is heated through radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the high-strength furnace tube, the pitch of the spiral grooves at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating bodies at different height positions on the high-strength furnace tube is further changed, the heating temperature at different height positions is adjusted, and therefore an even temperature area or an uneven temperature gradient area can be formed.
When the high-temperature furnace is installed and used, the lower cavity lower fixing cover is fixed at the bottom of the hoisting sealing cabin through a bolt, the furnace body bearing body is installed on the lower cavity lower fixing cover, the lower cavity shell, the lower cavity middle shell and the lower cavity heat insulation layer are connected with the lower cavity lower fixing cover through bolts, the lower heat insulation cover is connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover through bolts, the middle cavity middle shell, the middle cavity heat insulation layer and the middle cavity lower fixing cover are connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover through bolts, and the upper cavity lower fixing cover and the middle cavity heat insulation cover are connected through bolts.
The mullite heat insulation layer is directly placed between the ceramic high-strength furnace tube and the lower cavity heat insulation layer, the middle cavity heat insulation layer and the upper cavity heat insulation layer, so that the mullite heat insulation layer can play a role in buffering and can insulate heat.
The test process of sample material performance under the coupling effect of suspension type volume power-face power-temperature under the hypergravity environment is accomplished under requirements such as anti high temperature condition, special atmosphere environment, hypergravity, considers the operational environment of this device, the utility model discloses a testing arrangement has solved the technical influence that hypergravity brought, accords with the theory of the light quality of high strength, and the design of structure modularization, experiment preparation cycle is short, test process safe and reliable.
The volume force-surface force-temperature coupling effect is shown in FIG. 10, and in the experimental process, under the rotation of the supergravity centrifugal machine, the sample 6 generates centrifugal force F by self weight1And FShear stressThe surface force loading block 4-5 applies a constant radial tensile stress F to the sample 6 under the action of centrifugal force2I.e. area force. Changing the rotational speed of the hypergravity centrifuge and the volume force F1And FBending stress(ii) a Changing the weight of the surface force loading block 4-5 and the area force F2。
The mechanical testing device 4 is placed in the high-temperature furnace 3, and temperature load is applied to the sample, so that a volume force-surface force-temperature coupling effect material performance testing environment is formed, and the working principle is shown in fig. 10.
The technical characteristics and the effect advantage of the utility model:
the utility model discloses have the ability of high-speed rotary device service environment such as simulation aeroengine, space flight engine, gas turbine, simulate high-speed rotatory in-process sample promptly except bearing engine start, parking circulation high temperature gas scouring and temperature alternation, still will bear centrifugal stress and the axial dynamic load that high-speed rotation produced.
Wherein the centrifugal stress generated by the sample dead weight under high-speed rotation
(ρ is density, ω is rotational speed, r is rotational radius, rtip is blade tip radius of curvature) is zero at the specimen tip section, increases gradually along the specimen pumping direction, and the centrifugal tensile stress is maximum at the specimen root section, thereby generating an extremely high centrifugal stress gradient inside the specimen. If the shape of the sample is complex, the connecting line of the gravity centers of all the sections of the sample is not completely superposed with the rotating shaft, and the sample bears the centrifugal force and the huge centrifugal force bending moment during rotation. Therefore, the utility model discloses can simulate the true stress state of high-speed rotary part in-service process, the stress state under the multiple stress dynamic coupling environment such as the shear stress that the sample dead weight produced, thermal stress, vibration stress, moment of torsion produced promptly to possess the ability of material performance under the complicated stress state of test. The utility model is characterized in that:
(1) the device can work under the environment of 1g-2500g of supergravity.
(2) The experimental temperature of the high temperature furnace is from room temperature to 1600 ℃.
(3) The maximum surface force provided by the device is 300 kN.
(4) In the process of testing the mechanical property of the material, the centrifugal host rotates the sample to generate centrifugal force through dead weight. The surface force loading block applies a constant radial tensile stress, namely an area force to the sample under the action of a centrifugal force. Changing the rotating speed of the centrifugal main machine and changing the volume force; by changing the weight of the surface force loading block, the area force applied to the sample can be changed.
(5) According to the type of the furnace wire of the high-temperature furnace, a high-temperature test environment at room temperature to 1600 ℃ can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the material property testing system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an overall sectional view of the hoisting sealed cabin 1 of the suspension type experiment cabin;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the upper sealing dome 11;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the tie rod fixing dome 2-1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bracket formed by the fixing ring 3-2 and the pillar 3-3;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the high temperature heating apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the high strength furnace tube 317 and a partial enlarged view thereof;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a heat-generating body;
fig. 9 is a front view of the mechanical testing device 4;
fig. 10 is a force application schematic diagram under the supergravity material performance test system of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a hoisting sealed cabin 1, a bearing frame 2, a high-temperature furnace 3, a mechanical testing device 4, a buffering device 5, a sample 6, an upper sealed dome 11, a hoisting sealed cavity 12, a cabin body lifting lug 13 and a host machine interface 11-1; an upper heat insulation cover 31, an upper cavity outer shell 32, an upper cavity middle shell 33, an upper cavity heat insulation layer 34, an upper cavity lower fixing cover 35, a middle heat insulation cover 36, a middle cavity outer shell 37, a middle cavity middle shell 38, a middle cavity heat insulation layer 39, a middle cavity lower fixing cover 310, a lower heat insulation cover 311, a lower cavity outer shell 312, a lower cavity middle shell 313, a lower cavity heat insulation layer 314, a lower cavity lower fixing cover 315, a heat insulation layer 316, a high-strength furnace tube 317, a heating body 318 and a furnace body supporting body 319; the tension rod 41, the wire fixing structure 42, the clamping head 43, the thermocouple 44, the tightening nut 46 and the surface force loading block 47; 42-1, fixing the screw hole; 43-1. a first retaining ring; 43-2 second retaining ring; 43-3 fixing the porcelain seat; 43-4 porcelain seat protection.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a hoisting sealed cabin 1, a bearing frame 2, a high-temperature furnace 3, a mechanical testing device 4 and a buffering device 5; the bearing frame 2 and the high-temperature furnace 3 are fixedly installed inside the hoisting sealed cabin 1, the bearing frame 2 covers the outside of the high-temperature furnace 3, the buffer device 5 is installed at the bottom inside the high-temperature furnace 3, the upper end and the lower end of the mechanical testing device 4 are connected to the top of the bearing frame 2 and the bottom of the high-temperature furnace 3, and the sample 6 is connected and installed at the tail end of the mechanical testing device 4.
The specific implementation system specifically comprises:
as shown in fig. 2, the hoisting sealed cabin 1 comprises an upper sealed dome 11 and a hoisting sealed cavity 12, a cavity is arranged inside the hoisting sealed cavity 12, the upper end of the cavity is open, two side walls of the hoisting sealed cavity 12 are outwards connected with cabin lifting lugs 13, the cabin lifting lugs on two sides are hinged to a hanging basket rotating arm of a supergravity centrifuge, the upper sealed dome 11 is connected to the end surface of the opening of the cavity of the hoisting sealed cavity 12 through bolts in a mounting manner and is in sealing connection, and the hoisting sealed cavity 12 and the upper sealed dome 11 are sealed by adopting double-layer fluororubber to improve the sealing performance.
The hoisting sealed cabin 1 provides a sealed carrier for a volume force-surface force-temperature coupling action environment. The hoisting sealed cabin 1 is connected with the supergravity centrifugal machine through the cabin body lifting lug, and the stable operation of the internal structure is ensured in the experimental process. According to the standard design of a pressure container under a high G value, in order to meet the strength requirement under the supergravity, the hoisting seal cavity 12 is made of a light high-strength material, the light high-strength material is specifically TC4 titanium alloy, and the surface of the cavity is subjected to electropolishing treatment.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper sealed dome 11 is provided with a host interface 11-1, and the host interface 11-1 is used for connecting an air extraction interface of a vacuum system, a pressure gauge interface for monitoring pressure in the furnace, a safety valve interface for controlling pressure in the furnace, a heating electrode interface flange of a heating system, a temperature measuring system, and a vacuum connecting cable socket for deformation measurement.
The bearing frame 2 has the main functions of supporting a stretching force and fixing an inner cable, is arranged in the hoisting sealed cabin 1 and covers the high-temperature furnace 3.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the force-bearing frame 2 comprises a pull rod fixing dome 2-1, fixing rings 2-2 and upright columns 2-3, the two fixing rings 2-2 are respectively arranged in parallel and opposite up and down, the two fixing rings 2-2 are fixedly connected through a plurality of upright columns 2-3 to form a cylindrical shell to prevent deformation under force, the pull rod fixing dome 2-1 is fixedly installed on the fixing ring 2-2 on the upper portion, the pull rod fixing dome 2-1 is of an arc boss structure, the fixing ring 2-2 on the lower portion is fixed on the inner bottom surface of a cavity of the hoisting sealing cavity 12 through bolts, the pull rod fixing dome 2-1 and the upright columns 2-3 are fixed through the two fixing rings 2-2 to prevent deformation under force, and the pull rod fixing dome 2-1 adopts an arc design to; the top end of the mechanical testing device 4 is arranged on the pull rod fixing dome 2-1, and the lower end of the mechanical testing device is connected to the sample 6 after penetrating through the high-temperature furnace 3.
The high-temperature furnace 3 mainly has the function of providing a thermal environment required by a test sample, is arranged in the hoisting sealed cabin 1 and covers the lower part of the bearing frame 2.
As shown in fig. 6, the high-temperature furnace 3 is fixed in the supergravity test chamber, and the high-temperature furnace 3 includes an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a heat insulation layer 316, a high-strength furnace tube 317, a heating body 318, and a furnace body carrier 319 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the upper heat insulation cover 31, the upper cavity outer shell 32, the upper cavity middle shell 33, the upper cavity heat insulation layer 34, the upper cavity lower fixing cover 35, the middle heat insulation cover 36, the middle cavity outer shell 37, the middle cavity middle shell 38, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 39, the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310, the lower heat insulation cover 311, the lower cavity outer shell 312, the lower cavity middle shell 313, the lower cavity heat insulation layer 314 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 315 form a shell of the cylindrical high-temperature furnace 3 formed by three furnace bodies, and the shell is mainly used for fixing the high-temperature furnace 3 in a supergravity environment, plays a role in protecting the furnace bodies in the supergravity environment and forms a high-temperature furnace as a whole.
The upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover 31, an upper furnace body shell 32, an upper furnace body middle shell 33, an upper furnace body heat insulation layer 34 and an upper furnace body lower fixing cover 35, wherein the upper furnace body shell 32, the upper furnace body middle shell 33 and the upper furnace body heat insulation layer 34 are respectively installed from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure, the upper heat insulation cover 31 and the upper furnace body lower fixing cover 35 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the upper furnace three-layer structure to enable the upper furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and the upper heat insulation cover 31 is used for fixing the upper furnace three-layer structure of the upper furnace body and; gaps are arranged between the upper cavity outer shell 32 and the upper cavity middle shell 33 and between the upper cavity middle shell 33 and the upper cavity heat insulation layer 34 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat in the furnace from being dissipated.
The middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulation cover 36, a middle cavity outer shell 37, a middle cavity middle shell 38, a middle cavity heat insulation layer 39 and a middle cavity lower fixing cover 310, wherein the middle cavity outer shell 37, the middle cavity middle shell 38 and the middle cavity heat insulation layer 39 are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle heat insulation cover 36 and the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the middle furnace three-layer structure to enable the middle furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and the middle heat insulation cover 36 is used for fixing the middle furnace three-layer structure of the middle furnace body and plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation; the middle heat insulation cover 36 has the functions of heat insulation and heat preservation, and heat is prevented from being conducted downwards under the action of supergravity; gaps are arranged between the middle cavity outer shell 37 and the middle cavity middle shell 38 and between the middle cavity middle shell 38 and the middle cavity heat-insulating layer 39 to serve as air heat-insulating layers which play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat in the furnace from dissipating; the upper furnace body lower fixing cover 35 and the middle heat insulation cover 36 of the middle furnace body are fixedly connected through bolts, and the upper furnace body lower fixing cover 35 and the middle heat insulation cover 36 are connected to connect the upper furnace body and the middle furnace body.
The lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover 311, a lower cavity outer shell 312, a lower cavity middle shell 313, a lower cavity heat insulation layer 314 and a lower cavity lower fixing cover 315, wherein the lower cavity outer shell 312, the lower cavity middle shell 313 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 314 are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure, the lower heat insulation cover 311 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 315 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the lower furnace three-layer structure to enable the lower furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and the lower heat insulation cover 311 is used for fixing the lower furnace three-layer structure of the lower furnace body and plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation; the lower heat insulation cover 311 has the functions of heat insulation and heat preservation, and prevents heat from being conducted downwards under the action of supergravity, and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 315 is used for fixing the high-temperature furnace 3 at the bottom of the hoisting sealed cabin 1. Gaps are arranged between the lower cavity outer shell 312 and the lower cavity middle shell 313 and between the lower cavity middle shell 313 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 314 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat in the furnace from being dissipated; the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover 311 of the lower furnace body through bolts, and the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 and the lower heat insulation cover 311 are connected to be used for connecting the middle furnace body with the lower furnace body.
The whole furnace body is reinforced through four places, namely an upper heat insulation cover 31, an upper cavity lower fixing cover 35, a middle heat insulation cover 36, a middle cavity lower fixing cover 310, a lower heat insulation cover 311 and a lower cavity lower fixing cover 315, so that the rigidity and the strength of the whole furnace body in a supergravity environment are improved, and the deformation and the damage of the furnace body in the operation process are prevented. The upper cavity lower fixing cover 35, the middle heat insulation cover 36, the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 and the lower heat insulation cover 311 are connected through high-strength bolts, and therefore installation and maintenance are convenient.
Furnace body supporting body 319 arranges the lower cavity insulating layer 314 bottom of furnace body down in, and on furnace body supporting body 319 was arranged in to high strength boiler tube 317, furnace body supporting body 319 arranged in on the hypergravity test chamber bottom surface, furnace body supporting body 319 was used for supporting whole furnace body weight to and the compressive stress that produces under the hypergravity effect, it is thermal-insulated simultaneously, prevent that the heat from passing through heat-conduction to the bottom of hoist and mount sealed cabin 1 under hypergravity. A heat insulation layer 316 is respectively filled outside the high-strength furnace tube 317 and between the upper cavity heat insulation layer 34 of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 39 of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 314 of the lower furnace body; the high-strength furnace tube 317 is internally processed with a spiral groove 318-1, as shown in fig. 7, the spiral groove 318-1 is provided with a spiral heating element 318, as shown in fig. 8, one side of the spiral groove 318-1 facing the inner wall of the high-strength furnace tube 317 is provided with a heat dissipation channel 318-2, and heat generated by the heating element 318 is uniformly radiated to the center of the high-strength furnace tube 317 through the heat dissipation channel 318-2.
In the working process, the heating body 318 generates heat, the high-strength furnace tube 317 is heated through radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the high-strength furnace tube 317, the pitch of the spiral groove 318-1 at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating body 318 at different height positions in the high-strength furnace tube 317 is further changed, the heating temperature at different height positions is adjusted, and therefore a uniform temperature area or a non-uniform temperature gradient area can be formed.
The utility model discloses a structural design of high strength boiler tube 317 and heat-generating body 318 can prevent that the heat-generating body from droing under the hypergravity environment by heat-generating body 318 like this to can also adjust the heating effect through the pitch of the different positions department of adjustment heliciform recess.
In specific implementation, the furnace shells 32, 33, 36, 37, 312 and 313 are made of aerospace light high-strength materials, 2 layers of heat shields and one layer of heat insulation layer are arranged, heat radiation is prevented by using a vacuum environment, and high-temperature conduction is effectively prevented.
The heat insulating layer 316 is made of a low thermal conductivity material and made of mullite to prevent heat from being transferred out of the furnace through conduction.
The high-strength furnace tube 317 is made of high-strength and low-thermal conductivity ceramic.
Helical groove pitch processed by the high-strength furnace tube 317: the heating element 318 is easily pulled up and deformed or even broken under the condition of supergravity. Besides the layout design of the heating element 318, a series of changing influences caused by the heating element 318 should be considered, for example, the heating element 318 is prevented from deforming and moving (breaking when it is serious) under the condition of supergravity, so that the overall operation of the device is influenced.
Selection of the heating element 318: the maximum allowable temperatures of the different heat generators 318 and the requirements for the use environment are different, and the type of the heat generator 318 is determined in accordance with the specific use conditions (maximum operating temperature, vacuum environment, and high gravity environment) of the apparatus. Such as iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy wires, platinum wires and the like.
In order to prevent the deformation of the high-strength furnace tube 317 caused by self weight under the hypergravity, the furnace body of the high-temperature furnace 3 is designed into a three-layer split type, and each layer of the heat-insulating layer is reinforced independently.
The furnace body bearing body 319 supports the weight of the whole high-strength furnace tube 317 and the heat insulation layer, and the supergravity generated in the sample process, and the furnace body bearing body 319 is fixed at the bottom of the hoisting sealed cabin 1 through a high-strength bolt.
When the high-temperature furnace 3 is installed and used, the lower cavity lower fixing cover 315 is fixed at the bottom of the hoisting sealed cabin (1) through bolts, the furnace body bearing body 319 is installed on the lower cavity lower fixing cover 315, the lower cavity outer shell 312, the lower cavity middle shell 313 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 314 are connected with the lower cavity lower fixing cover 315 through bolts, the lower heat insulation cover 311 is connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 through bolts, the middle cavity middle shell 38, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 39 and the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 are connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover 310 through bolts, and then the upper cavity lower fixing cover 35 and the middle cavity heat insulation cover 36 are connected through bolts.
The mullite heat insulation layer 316 is directly placed between the ceramic high-strength furnace tube 317 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 314, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 39 and the upper cavity heat insulation layer 34. The mullite heat insulating layer 316 can play a role in buffering and insulating heat.
The high-temperature furnace 3 can be repeatedly used, and only needs to meet different experimental requirements by replacing the proper heating body 318 and the high-strength furnace tube 317, so that the high-temperature furnace has the advantages of simple structure and high safety factor.
The mechanical testing device 4 mainly functions to provide a mechanical environment required for testing a sample and fix the sample.
As shown in fig. 9, the mechanical testing device 4 comprises a high-temperature pull rod 4-1, a chuck 4-2, a test sample 6, a lock nut 4-4 and a surface force loading block 4-5; the upper end of a high-temperature pull rod 4-1 is fixed on the top of a bearing frame 2 through a screw hole 4-6 and a bolt, the lower end of the high-temperature pull rod 4-1 is fixed with the upper end of a chuck 4-2, the lower end of the chuck 4-2 clamps the upper end of a sample 6, the lower end of the sample 6 is fixedly connected with a surface force loading block 4-5 through a locking nut 4-4, the sample 6 is connected with the high-temperature pull rod 4-1 through the chuck 4-2 and is connected with the surface force loading block 4-5 through the locking nut 4-4; the lower part of the high-temperature pull rod 4-1 and the sample 6 are arranged in a high-strength furnace tube 317 of the high-temperature furnace 3, and the surface force loading block 4-5 penetrates through the high-strength furnace tube 317 of the high-temperature furnace 3 and extends into an upper support body of the buffer device 5.
The high-temperature pull rod 4-1 and the chuck 4-2 are made of high-temperature alloy materials, and can provide different thread sizes to meet different sample requirements and realize
Can be replaced conveniently. The material of the chuck 4-2 is high-temperature alloy.
In specific implementation, the buffer device 5 adopts the technical scheme of the content of the utility model in the Chinese patent with the application date of 2019.4.10, the application number of 2019102853393 and the name of the utility model of buffer device for capturing high-temperature flying-breaking samples under the super-gravity environment. The buffer device 5 is arranged inside the furnace body bearing body 319 of the high-temperature furnace 3 or replaces the furnace body bearing body 319, the port of the upper support body 3 faces upwards/towards the mechanical testing device 4, and is used for bearing a sample broken from the mechanical testing device 4 and placing the sample to damage the bottom of the hoisting sealed cabin 1.
The embodied specimens may be standard endurance, tensile, creep and fatigue specimens, as is common.
The utility model discloses the device uses and the operation process:
the following description will be given by taking a creep sample as an experimental object and an experimental scenario as an example.
Before the experiment, the heating temperature of the high-temperature furnace 3, the rotating speed of the centrifugal main machine and the mass of the surface force loading block 47 are determined according to the experiment temperature, the volume force and the surface force. The use and operation of the utility model is described in detail below:
the first step is as follows: according to experimental conditions, the heating temperature of the high-temperature furnace 3, the rotating speed of the centrifugal main machine and the mass of the surface force loading block 47 are determined.
The second step is that: the collet 43 and locknut are sized according to the size of the test specimen 6.
The third step: the test specimen 6 is first connected to the tension rod 41 by the clamping head 43 and then to the surface force loading block 47 by the locking nut.
The fourth step: sequentially welding three strain gages on the sample 6 for testing the strain of the sample 6 in the experimental process; and welding a thermocouple for measuring and controlling the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 3.
The fifth step: the mechanical testing device 4 is arranged on the force bearing frame 2 through a nut.
The seventh step: the hoisting sealed cabin 1 is hinged with a rotating arm of the supergravity centrifuge through a cabin body lifting lug 11-3.
Eighth step: three strain gauges welded on the sample 6 and a thermocouple extension lead are connected with the cabin body interface 1-1 along the pull rod 41 and then connected with a ground test system through an electric slip ring connection on the main machine shaft.
The ninth step: starting a vacuum system to ensure that the vacuum degree in the hoisting sealed cabin 1 reaches 10-2Pa。
The tenth step: when the vacuum degree in the hoisting sealed cabin 1 reaches 10-2After Pa, heating of the high temperature furnace 3 is started.
The eleventh step: and when the temperature of the high-temperature furnace 3 reaches the experiment set temperature, starting the centrifugal main machine.
The twelfth step: when the rotating speed of the centrifugal main machine reaches the experimentally set rotating speed, a mechanical property testing environment with the coupling effect of volume force-surface force-temperature is formed in the high-temperature furnace 3.
The thirteenth step: in the experimental process, the temperature and strain signals are transmitted to the signal collector in real time, the signal collector converts the obtained analog signals into digital signals, the digital signals are connected with the signal slip ring through the wiring frame, and finally the digital signals are connected with the ground measurement and control center, so that the stress-strain curve of the sample 6 in the experimental process is obtained.
The utility model discloses the mechanical properties test working process of device as follows:
the first step is as follows: connecting the sample 6 to the lower end of the pull rod 41 by using a clamping head 43, and welding a thermocouple 44 and a strain gauge on the sample 6;
the second step is that: then placing the supergravity experiment chamber in a hanging basket of a centrifuge, placing a high-temperature furnace in the supergravity experiment chamber, placing a buffer device 5 at the bottom of an inner cavity of the high-temperature furnace, placing a bearing frame 2 at the top of an inner cavity of a high-temperature furnace 3, placing a mechanical testing device 4 between the bearing frame and the buffer device in the inner cavity of the high-temperature furnace, and installing a sample 6 to be heated;
the third step: connecting a lead of a thermocouple welded on the surface of the sample 6 for measuring temperature with a signal collector, wherein the signal collector receives analog signals of temperature and strain and converts the analog signals into digital signals;
the fourth step: the three heavy current independent loops on the ground are respectively connected to the upper heating zone, the middle heating zone and the lower heating zone of the high-strength furnace tube 317 of the high-temperature furnace 3, so that the upper heating zone, the middle heating zone and the lower heating zone of the high-strength furnace tube 317 of the high-temperature furnace 3 are respectively and independently heated, and different heating temperatures are set in different heating zones;
the temperature control is specifically as follows: a sample to be tested for mechanical properties is arranged in a high-strength furnace tube 317 of the high-temperature furnace 3, and is provided with a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is connected with a signal collector, and a lead output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through a wiring frame and then connected with a ground measurement and control center; the high-temperature furnace 3 is provided with three strong current independent loops which control and heat heating bodies 318 at different height positions in the high-temperature furnace for high-temperature heating, and the three strong current independent loops on the ground are connected into a wiring frame of the hypergravity experiment chamber through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring; the centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring is connected with the power supply cabinet. Namely, the first strong current independent loop is connected with the upper heating area of the high-temperature furnace 3, the second strong current independent loop is connected with the heating area of the high-temperature furnace, and the third strong current independent loop is connected with the lower heating area of the high-temperature furnace through the wiring frame.
In specific implementation, three independent temperature control extension wires for controlling the high-temperature furnace 3 are connected to a signal collector, and the signal collector converts received temperature signals from analog signals into digital signals; the digital signal is connected with the signal slip ring through the wiring frame and then is connected with the ground measurement and control center.
The high-strength furnace tube 317 serves as a furnace tube, and the high-strength furnace tube 317 is heated by heat conduction by generating heat using a heater wire. The temperature gradient and the uniform temperature zone required by the high-strength furnace tube 317 are realized by the arrangement of heating wires, a uniform temperature field is formed in the hearth, and meanwhile, the pressure generated by the high-strength furnace tube 317 in the hypergravity process is borne and the thermal influence of heat conduction on peripheral parts is avoided. The furnace temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor fixed or welded on a sample to be measured through a temperature controller and a measurement and control system.
The fifth step: installing a tachometer on a centrifuge rotating shaft, connecting a tachometer signal wire installed on the centrifuge rotating shaft with a weak signal guide centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring, controlling the real-time temperature and the heating rate of a high-temperature furnace by using three thermocouples on a heating device, controlling the rotating speed of the centrifuge by using the tachometer, and calculating the stress F applied to a sample 6 by using the following formula:
F＝m·a＝m·R(2πN/60)2
wherein m is the mass of sample 6; a is centrifugal acceleration, and R is the effective distance from the sample 6 to the axis of the rotating shaft of the centrifugal machine; and N is the rotating speed of the centrifuge.
The utility model discloses in the sample test process, the sample stress state is: and simultaneously, the centrifugal stress generated by the temperature and the dead weight and the surface force generated by the surface force loading block are applied to further draw and obtain a stress-strain curve of the sample in a stressed state in real time.
The utility model discloses can realize samming heating or gradient heating through the temperature in the three different regions of thermocouple ability independent control high temperature furnace 3, and then can adjust the distribution that sets up the temperature.
The mechanical testing device 4 is used for testing and has the following working modes:
(1) through the strain gauge welded on the working section of the sample, the stress-strain curve of the sample in a stressed state can be obtained in real time, and then the dynamic stress-strain curve of the material under the centrifugal force-high temperature coupling effect can be obtained through testing, and the mechanical property result of the material can be obtained;
(2) in the experimental process, the centrifugal force can be dynamically changed by controlling the rotating speed, so that the surface force applied to the sample can be further exerted;
(3) changing the surface force applied on the sample by changing the weight of the surface force loading block;
(4) the temperature of three different zones of the heating device can be independently controlled by the thermocouple, uniform temperature heating or gradient heating is realized, and then the temperature distribution of the sample 6 can be set as required.
Claims (6)
1. A material performance test system under hypergravity environment suspension type multi-field coupling action is characterized in that: the device comprises a hoisting sealed cabin (1), a bearing frame (2), a high-temperature furnace (3), a mechanical testing device (4) and a buffering device (5); a bearing frame (2) and a high-temperature furnace (3) are fixedly installed inside the hoisting sealed cabin (1), the bearing frame (2) covers the outside of the high-temperature furnace (3), a buffer device (5) is installed at the bottom inside the high-temperature furnace (3), the upper end and the lower end of a mechanical testing device (4) are connected to the top of the bearing frame (2) and the bottom inside the high-temperature furnace (3), and a sample (6) is connected and installed at the tail end of the mechanical testing device (4);
the high-temperature furnace (3) is fixed in the supergravity test chamber, and the high-temperature furnace (3) comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a heat insulation layer (316), a high-strength furnace tube (317), a heating body (318) and a furnace body bearing body (319) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover (31), an upper furnace body shell (32), an upper furnace body middle shell (33), an upper furnace body heat insulation layer (34) and an upper furnace body lower fixing cover (35), wherein the upper furnace body shell (32), the upper furnace body middle shell (33) and the upper furnace body heat insulation layer (34) are respectively installed from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure, the upper heat insulation cover (31) and the upper furnace body lower fixing cover (35) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the upper furnace three-layer structure to enable the upper furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and gaps are respectively reserved between the upper furnace body shell (32) and the upper furnace body middle shell (33) and between the upper furnace body middle shell (33) and the upper furnace body heat; the middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle cavity heat cover (36), a middle cavity outer shell (37), a middle cavity middle shell (38), a middle cavity heat-insulating layer (39) and a middle cavity lower fixing cover (310), wherein the middle cavity outer shell (37), the middle cavity middle shell (38) and the middle cavity heat-insulating layer (39) are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle cavity heat cover (36) and the middle cavity lower fixing cover (310) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the middle furnace three-layer structure to fixedly connect the middle furnace three-layer structure, gaps are respectively reserved between the middle cavity outer shell (37) and the middle cavity middle shell (38) and between the middle cavity middle shell (38) and the middle cavity heat-insulating layer (39) to serve as air heat-insulating layers; the upper cavity lower fixed cover (35) of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulation cover (36) of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover (311), a lower cavity outer shell (312), a lower cavity middle shell (313), a lower cavity heat insulation layer (314) and a lower cavity lower fixing cover (315), wherein the lower cavity outer shell (312), the lower cavity middle shell (313) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (314) are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure, the lower heat insulation cover (311) and the lower cavity lower fixing cover (315) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the lower furnace three-layer structure to enable the lower furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and gaps are formed between the lower cavity outer shell (312) and the lower cavity middle shell (313) and between the lower cavity middle shell (313) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (314) to serve as air heat insulation layers; the lower fixed cover (310) of the middle cavity of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover (311) of the lower furnace body; the furnace body bearing body (319) is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity heat-insulating layer (314) of the lower furnace body, the high-strength furnace tube (317) is arranged on the furnace body bearing body (319), and a heat-insulating layer (316) is filled between the high-strength furnace tube (317) and the upper cavity heat-insulating layer (34) of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat-insulating layer (39) of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat-insulating layer (314) of the lower furnace body respectively; a spiral groove (318-1) is processed in the high-strength furnace tube (317), the spiral groove (318-1) is provided with a spiral heating body (318), a heat dissipation channel (318-2) is arranged on one side of the spiral groove (318-1) facing the inner wall of the high-strength furnace tube (317), and heat generated by the heating body (318) is uniformly radiated to the center of the high-strength furnace tube (317) through the heat dissipation channel (318-2);
the mechanical testing device (4) comprises a high-temperature pull rod (4-1), a chuck (4-2), a test sample (6), a locking nut (4-4) and a surface force loading block (4-5); the upper end of a high-temperature pull rod (4-1) is fixed on the top of a bearing frame (2) through a screw hole (4-6) and a bolt, the lower end of the high-temperature pull rod (4-1) is fixed with the upper end of a chuck (4-2), the lower end of the chuck (4-2) clamps the upper end of a sample (6), and the lower end of the sample (6) is fixedly connected with a surface force loading block (4-5) through a locking nut (4-4); the lower part of the high-temperature pull rod (4-1) and the sample (6) are arranged in a high-strength furnace tube (317) of the high-temperature furnace (3), and the surface force loading block (4-5) penetrates through the high-strength furnace tube (317) of the high-temperature furnace (3) and extends into the buffer device (5).
2. The system for testing the performance of the material under the effect of the suspended multi-field coupling in the hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein: the hoisting sealed cabin (1) comprises an upper sealed dome (11) and a hoisting sealed cavity (12), a cavity is arranged in the hoisting sealed cavity (12), the upper end of the cavity is open, cabin lifting lugs 13 are outwards connected to the side walls of the two sides of the hoisting sealed cavity (12), the cabin lifting lugs on the two sides are hinged to a hanging basket rotating arm of the supergravity centrifugal machine, and the upper sealed dome (11) is connected to the end surface of the cavity opening of the hoisting sealed cavity (12) through bolts in a mounting and sealing manner; the upper sealed dome (11) is provided with a host interface (11-1), and the host interface (11-1) is used for connecting an air extraction interface of a vacuum system, a pressure gauge interface for monitoring the pressure in the furnace, a safety valve interface for controlling the pressure in the furnace, a heating electrode interface flange of a heating system, a temperature measuring system and a vacuum connecting cable socket for deformation measurement.
3. The system for testing the performance of the material under the effect of the suspended multi-field coupling in the hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein: the bearing frame (2) comprises a pull rod fixing dome (2-1), the lifting sealing device comprises fixing rings (2-2) and upright columns (2-3), wherein the two fixing rings (2-2) are respectively arranged in parallel and oppositely from top to bottom, the two fixing rings (2-2) are fixedly connected through the upright columns (2-3) to form a cylindrical shell, a pull rod fixing dome (2-1) is fixedly installed on the fixing ring (2-2) at the upper part, the pull rod fixing dome (2-1) is of an arc boss structure, the fixing ring (2-2) at the lower part is fixed on the inner bottom surface of a cavity of a lifting sealing cavity (12) through bolts, the pull rod fixing dome (2-1) and the upright columns (2-3) are fixed through the two fixing rings (2-2) to prevent stress deformation, and the pull rod fixing dome (2-1); the top end of the mechanical testing device (4) is arranged on the pull rod fixing dome (2-1), and the lower end of the mechanical testing device penetrates through the high-temperature furnace (3) and then is connected to the sample (6).
4. The system for testing the performance of the material under the effect of the suspended multi-field coupling in the hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein: the heating body (318) generates heat in the working process, the high-strength furnace tube (317) is heated through radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the high-strength furnace tube (317), the pitch of the spiral grooves (318-1) at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating body (318) at different height positions and the high-strength furnace tube (317) is further changed, the heating temperature at different height positions is adjusted, and therefore a uniform temperature area or a non-uniform temperature gradient area can be formed.
5. The system for testing the performance of the material under the effect of the suspended multi-field coupling in the hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein: when the high-temperature furnace (3) is installed and used, a lower cavity lower fixing cover (315) is fixed at the bottom of the hoisting sealed cabin (1) through bolts, a furnace body bearing body (319) is installed on the lower cavity lower fixing cover (315), a lower cavity outer shell (312), a lower cavity middle shell (313), a lower cavity heat-insulating layer (314) is connected with the lower cavity lower fixing cover (315) through bolts, a lower heat-insulating cover (311) is connected with a middle cavity lower fixing cover (310) through bolts, a middle cavity middle shell (38), a middle cavity heat-insulating layer (39), the middle cavity lower fixing cover (310) is connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover (310) through bolts, and then is connected with an upper cavity lower fixing cover (35) and a middle heat-insulating cover (36) through bolts.
6. The system for testing the performance of the material under the effect of the suspended multi-field coupling in the hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein: the mullite heat insulation layer (316) is directly placed between the ceramic high-strength furnace tube (317) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (314), the middle cavity heat insulation layer (39) and the upper cavity heat insulation layer (34), so that the cushioning effect and the heat insulation effect can be achieved.
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