CN210402878U - Hemangioma training model - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a hemangioma training model, skull including the inside skull that is equipped with the skull chamber, the skull intracavity is equipped with intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel, be equipped with at least one hemangioma model on the intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel, the hemangioma model is including carrying the tumor blood vessel and locating carry the hemangioma main part on the tumor blood vessel, the hemangioma model passes through carry the tumor blood vessel with the connection can be dismantled to intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel, be equipped with on the skull and supply carry out lockhole approach analogue operation to corresponding the hemangioma model the bone window or with the circulation skull piece of connection can be dismantled to the skull. The utility model discloses a model and the angle of pressing from both sides of suitable approach mode, hemangioma clamp are selected to simulation hemangioma size, form, different positions and directional combination, can improve the operating skill and the experience accumulation of doctor to hemangioma clamp closure art, and the hemangioma probability of breaking when reducing hemangioma operation real operation reduces the risk of patient's complication.

Description

Hemangioma training model

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a biomedical technical field, more specifically relates to a hemangioma training model.

Background

The weak part of the vessel wall forms swelling (spherical bulge), forms a change of a tumor sac shape, is filled with blood, and forms aneurysm. According to the different appearance parts of the aneurysm, the aneurysm can be classified into intracranial aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection aneurysm, visceral aneurysm and the like. Intracranial aneurysms are usually abnormal bulges on the wall of an intracranial artery, are the first causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and are second only to cerebral thrombosis and hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in cerebrovascular accidents, and are the third cause.

Intracranial aneurysms are classified according to the site of occurrence and can be divided into two main categories: willis circumferential and posterior circulatory aneurysms. Wherein the Willis anterior circulating aneurysm comprises: carotid aneurysm, posterior communicating aneurysm, anterior choroidal aneurysm, anterior cerebral aneurysm, anterior communicating aneurysm, middle cerebral aneurysm, and Willis loop posterior circulation aneurysm including: vertebral aneurysm, basilar aneurysm, and cerebral posterior aneurysm. Approximately 85% of aneurysms are located in the anterior semi-annular internal carotid artery system of the Willis's arterial loop.

Intracranial aneurysm is a common disease with high risk in intracranial vascular diseases, is one of the most common factors for generating subarachnoid hemorrhage, has the greatest risk of rupture hemorrhage, and is limited by aneurysm clamping operation and intravascular interventional therapy at present.

The endovascular intervention has small injury, can reduce the death rate and disability rate of patients, but has the defects of high cost and relatively high recurrence rate at present. The cost of the aneurysm clamping operation is relatively low, the aneurysm clamping treatment is relatively thorough, no residue is generated, the recurrence rate is low, the method is also suitable for patients with large intracranial hematoma, and the hematoma can be removed simultaneously during the operation. However, the craniotomy has large injury and certain complications, so the operation needs neurosurgeons with rich experience and high medical skills.

The purpose of aneurysm neck clipping is to block the blood supply of the aneurysm and avoid the occurrence of rebleeding; keep the tumor-carrying and blood-supply artery to continue unobstructed and maintain normal blood circulation of brain tissue. The principle is that a special non-magnetic metal clip is used for clamping and closing the aneurysm from the root (neck) of the aneurysm, thereby achieving the purpose of thorough healing. Firstly, checking the position of a focus according to an image, such as one or more modes of Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), CT (computed tomography angiography) or cerebral angiography (DSA), and the like, dissecting a tumor-bearing artery wrapped by arachnoid by adopting a lockhole technology, minimally invasive craniotomy and a small hole, and using a high power microscope, so as to reduce the internal pressure of aneurysm and fully expose blood vessels; then, the neck and the body of the aneurysm are exposed, and simultaneously, the tiny blood vessels adhered to the aneurysm are separated from the surface of the aneurysm, so that brain injury caused by mistakenly clamping the tiny blood vessels in an operation is prevented; finally, a special aneurysm clip is used for clamping the part of the cerebral artery connected with the normal artery, namely the aneurysm neck, so that the aneurysm is completely blocked from being impacted by blood to cause rupture and bleeding of the aneurysm.

The aneurysm clamping operation is a craniotomy, has large wound and has more complications; the conditions of neurosurgeons with abundant experience and excellent skills, the accurate evaluation of aneurysm focuses, the selection of proper aneurysm clips and the like are all necessary conditions for ensuring the smooth proceeding of the aneurysm clipping operation. Nowadays, with the improvement of surgical instruments and techniques, the complications related to the operation are obviously reduced, but the occurrence of aneurysm rupture is still one of the most serious complications, which directly affects the success rate of the operation and the life quality of patients, so how to take various effective measures to prevent the aneurysm rupture during the operation and the treatment after the rupture becomes the key of the success of the operation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

For overcoming at least one kind of defect among the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a hemangioma training model. The utility model provides a hemangioma training model has assembled common hemangioma according to intracranial hemangioma emergence position to and lockhole bone window or circulation skull piece to the operation approach of the hemangioma at different positions. Through simulating the combination of the size, the form, the different positions and the direction of the hemangioma, and selecting a proper access mode, the model of the hemangioma clamp and the clamping angle, the operation skill and experience accumulation of the hemangioma clamping operation can be improved, the probability of hemangioma rupture during the hemangioma practice is reduced, and the risk of complications of a patient is reduced.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme is: a hemangioma training model comprises a skull, wherein a skull cavity is formed in the skull, intracranial artery and vein vessels are formed in the skull cavity, at least one hemangioma model is arranged on the intracranial artery and vein vessels, the hemangioma model comprises a tumor-carrying vessel and a hemangioma main body arranged on the tumor-carrying vessel, the hemangioma model is detachably connected with the intracranial artery and vein vessels through the tumor-carrying vessel, and a bone window for performing a keyhole approach simulation operation on the corresponding hemangioma model or a circulating skull sheet detachably connected with the skull is formed in the skull. Therefore, when the skull of the hemangioma training model is provided with a bone window for keyhole approach simulation operation aiming at the corresponding hemangioma model, the hemangioma training model which visualizes the opened keyhole bone window is formed, and the hemangioma training model is mainly used for three-dimensionally presenting the positions, sizes, forms, tumor necks and the like of various hemangiomas aiming at the conditions of demonstration teaching, explanation training and the like and learning the corresponding approach mode. When the skull of the hemangioma training model is provided with the circulating skull sheet which is used for keyhole approach simulation operation aiming at the corresponding hemangioma model and is detachably connected with the skull, the hemangioma training model can provide a real-time operation platform for doctors, and during real-time operation simulation, an operator can select a proper position and an approach mode to open the circulating skull sheet in real time according to the hemangioma to be clamped, so that the aim of operation training is fulfilled. And the hemangioma training model can be recycled, after the first operation is completed, the circulating skull sheet is taken down and replaced by a new circulating skull sheet, so that the next operator can perform the second operation, and the cost is greatly reduced.

Preferably, the hemangioma model comprises an aneurysm model and a venous aneurysm model, and the arteriovenous blood vessels comprise an arterial blood vessel and a venous blood vessel, wherein the aneurysm model is arranged on the arterial blood vessel, and the venous aneurysm model is arranged on the venous blood vessel.

Preferably, the training model of aneurysm includes one or more of a carotid aneurysm model, a posterior traffic aneurysm model, a choroidal anterior aneurysm model, a cerebral anterior aneurysm model, an anterior traffic aneurysm model, a middle cerebral aneurysm model, a vertebral aneurysm model, a basilar aneurysm model, and a posterior cerebral aneurysm model provided on the peripheral artery of the intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel Willis.

Preferably, the hemangioma training model is made as follows: 9 common intracranial aneurysm cases were collected, which were included in the two main categories of Willis pre-and post-aneurysmal circulatory aneurysms, classified according to the site of occurrence of the aneurysm. Scanning preoperative image data (one or more modes of Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA) or cerebrovascular angiography (DSA) of a patient and the like) and requiring thin layer scanning and storing the thin layer scanning in a DICOM format, introducing the acquired image data into reconstruction software (such as mimics, 3D-doctor, simpleware and the like) for three-dimensional reconstruction, and converting a two-dimensional image picture into a three-dimensional stereo model. The reconstructed aneurysm three-dimensional models of 9 cases are introduced into design software (3-matic, Magics, solid work, and the like) for combined design, and under the condition of ensuring that the part, the size, the shape and the neck of the aneurysm are not changed, the 9 cases of the aneurysm are concentrated into a craniocerebral model to manufacture a training model of the aneurysm.

Preferably, a connecting device is arranged between the tumor-carrying blood vessel and the corresponding intracranial artery and vein blood vessel, and the connecting device is arranged in the following two ways: the first type is that the connecting device comprises a first connecting block connected with the tumor-carrying blood vessel and a second connecting block connected with the corresponding intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel, the first connecting block is provided with a graphic clamping bulge capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel, and the second connecting block is provided with a graphic clamping groove matched with the graphic clamping bulge capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel. And secondly, the connecting device comprises a first connecting block connected with the tumor-carrying blood vessel and a second connecting block connected with the corresponding intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel, the first connecting block is provided with a graphic clamping groove capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel, and the second connecting block is provided with a graphic clamping bulge matched with the graphic clamping groove capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel.

Preferably, the graphic card convex capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel or the graphic card slot capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel is in a shape of Chinese character mi or Chinese character hui. The design of the shape like a Chinese character 'mi' or a Chinese character 'hui' can ensure that the trend and the position of the blood vessel are kept accurate and unchanged after the blood vessels at the two ends are connected; when the hemangioma model is replaced and disassembled, the hemangioma model to be replaced can be taken out only by pulling the first connecting block and the second connecting block from the connecting device; when a new hemangioma model is replaced, the user only needs to align the graphic clamping groove and the graphic clamping protrusion of the square-shaped buckle or the square-shaped buckle on the first connecting block and the second connecting block to the slot position.

Preferably, the tumor-bearing blood vessel and the hemangioma main body are both of hollow structures printed by soft resin materials in a 3D mode, the wall thickness of the outer layer resin is 0.3-0.8mm, the wall membranes of the simulated blood vessel and the hemangioma are simulated, and flowable liquid serving as simulated blood, such as prepared gelatin aqueous solution (5% gelatin aqueous solution), is injected into the tumor-bearing blood vessel and the hemangioma main body. After the hemangioma clamps the tumor neck, the tumor neck is shriveled and collapsed, and the state of the real hemangioma after clamping can be simulated in a simulation way.

Preferably, the first connecting block, the second connecting block and the intracranial artery and vein vessel are all printed in 3D by adopting hard materials, such as resin, PLA, ABS and the like. In this way, the printing of the first and second connector blocks as a hard material ensures that the hemangioma model has sufficient support during the connection without deformation. The intracranial artery and vein blood vessel is printed into a hard material, so that the accuracy of the space structure of the artery system can be ensured without deformation, displacement and the like.

Preferably, the shape of the circulating skull patch is matched with the outer contour of the skull at the position of the circulating skull patch, and the maximum diameter of the circulating skull patch is 3-7 cm. The skull is provided with a through hole for keyhole approach simulation surgery aiming at a corresponding hemangioma model, and the size of the through hole is generally obtained by taking the edge of a conventional bone window as a reference and extending outwards by 2-3cm integrally. The edge of the circulating skull piece is provided with at least two connecting pieces, the circulating skull piece penetrates through the connecting pieces through screws to be connected with the skull and covers the through holes, the diameter of each screw is 1-2mm, and after each training operation is finished, the screw can be unscrewed to replace a new circulating skull piece, so that the next training for opening the lock hole bone window can be carried out.

Preferably, the number of the bone windows is five, the positions of the bone windows on the skull respectively correspond to supraorbital foramen, alar point keyhole approach, infratemporal foramen approach, mastoid postkeyhole approach and mediastinal fissure approach, wherein ① supraorbital foramen approach is a point of opening on a unilateral superior glabellar arch, the keyhole is in a transverse oval shape, the long diameter is about 4 +/-0.5 cm, the short diameter is 2.5 +/-0.3 cm, the visual field range can reach the anterior portion of bilateral Willis loop, the medial lateral wall of the contralateral ophthalmic artery and the internal carotid artery and the medial lateral wall of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery, the internal carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery M. 1 and M2 section, the anterior cerebral artery A1 section, the proximal end of A2 section, the posterior transarterial artery, the posterior Liquist membrane can be fully exposed, the superior posterior cerebral artery P1 section and the superior cerebral artery and the basilar artery of the glabellar artery, and the basilar artery, and the supracranial nerve of the lateral supracranial nerve can be exposed in a supracranial nerve posterior cervical supraventricle, the supracranial nerve posterior ganglionic foramen, the supracranial nerve posterior ganglion of the lateral ganglion, the cervical foramen, the lateral ganglion of the cervical vertebra, the lateral ganglion of the lateral ganglion, the lateral ganglion of the lateral ganglion, the lateral ganglion of the lateral ganglion, the lateral ganglion of the lateral artery, the lateral ganglion of the lateral wall of the lateral artery, the lateral wall of the lateral artery can be exposed, the lateral artery, the lateral wall of the lateral artery, the lateral ganglion of the lateral wall of the lateral ganglion of the lateral artery, the lateral ganglion of the lateral wall of the lateral artery, the lateral wall of the lateral artery, the lateral artery of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle, the lateral wall of the lateral artery of the lateral ventricle, the lateral ganglion of the lateral ventricle, the lateral ganglion of the lateral artery of the anterior craniofa of the lateral ventricle, the lateral artery of the lateral ganglion of the lateral ventricle, the lateral ganglion of the lateral ganglion, the superior craniocervical artery of the lateral ganglion.

Preferably, cortical brain tissue with a gully structure on the surface is further arranged in the skull cavity, the intracranial arteriovenous vessels are embedded in the cortical brain tissue, intracranial nerves are further embedded in the cortical brain tissue, and the cortical brain tissue is made of one or more materials of silica gel, rubber or gel. Therefore, the cortical brain tissue material is soft, and can well simulate the strippable brain tissue. The lateral fissure separation is an important skill in hemangioma clamping, and the tractable brain tissue provides a simulation of the lateral fissure separation during the procedure. Thus, during practical operation simulation, an operator can really train the process of hemangioma clamping operation by simulating the whole process of opening bone flap, separating brain tissue, exposing artery and nerve, dissecting hemangioma neck and clamping hemangioma.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

the utility model discloses a hemangioma training model has set up common hemangioma model in the skull, still is equipped with bone window or detachable circulation skull piece on the skull. Therefore, when the bone window is arranged on the hemangioma training model, the hemangioma training model is a hemangioma training model for visualizing the bone window with the open keyhole, is mainly used for three-dimensionally presenting the parts, the sizes, the shapes, the tumor necks and the like of various hemangiomas aiming at the conditions of demonstration teaching, explanation training and the like, and learning a corresponding approach mode. When the detachable circulating skull sheet is arranged on the hemangioma training model, the training device can also provide a practical operation platform for a doctor, and during practical operation simulation, an operator can select a proper position and an access mode to open a bone window in real time according to hemangioma needing to be clamped, so that the purpose of operation training is achieved, the micro-operation skill of the doctor is improved, and the success rate of hemangioma operation is improved.

The utility model discloses a hemangioma training model can recycle when the real operation platform, and the back is accomplished in the operation for the first time, takes off circulation skull piece, changes a new circulation skull piece, can carry out the second operation by next operator, very big reduction cost.

The utility model discloses a hemangioma training model has the cortex brain tissue that can the tractive strip, and the material is soft, and in operation process, the simulation cortex brain tissue of strippable provides the analog operation of the separation of lateral fissure. The utility model discloses a hemangioma training model still has complete intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel and intracranial nerve, provides a real vascular environment, when analog operation, can dissect blood vessel and nervous step with emulation ground.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the skull cavity and the internal intracranial arteriovenous vessels of the skull of the utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the bone window on the skull of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the circulating skull patch covered on the bone window of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle circulation skull patch of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection between the medium-sized hemangioma model and the intracranial arteriovenous vessels.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium-sized hemangioma model of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first connecting block or the second connecting block of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the second connecting block or the first connecting block in the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a mesocortical brain tissue of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle intracranial arteriovenous vessel of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.

Fig. 1 to fig. 11 show the hemangioma training model of the present invention, wherein, the skull 1 with the skull cavity 2 is included, the intracranial artery and vein vessel 4 is arranged in the skull cavity 2, at least one hemangioma model 6 is arranged on the intracranial artery and vein vessel 4, the hemangioma model 6 comprises a tumor carrying vessel 61 and a hemangioma main body 62 arranged on the tumor carrying vessel 61, and the hemangioma model 6 is connected with the intracranial artery and vein vessel 4 in a detachable manner through the tumor carrying vessel 61.

The utility model discloses an embodiment, be equipped with the bone window 7 that supplies to carry out lockhole approach simulation operation to corresponding hemangioma model 6 on skull 1, like this, this hemangioma training model becomes a visual hemangioma training model who has opened lockhole bone window 7, mainly is to demonstration teaching, explains the condition such as training for the position, size, form and the tumor neck etc. that the solid presents various hemangiomas, and learn corresponding approach mode from this.

The utility model discloses a further embodiment, be equipped with on the skull 1 with circulation skull piece 8 of connection can be dismantled to skull 1, like this, this hemangioma training model just can provide the platform of a real operation for the doctor, during the simulation of real operation, can let the operator open circulation skull piece 8 according to the hemangioma that required clamp was closed, selects suitable position and the mode of going into the way in real time, reaches the purpose of operation training from this. In addition, the hemangioma training model can be recycled, after the first operation is completed, the circulating skull sheet 8 is taken down and replaced by a new circulating skull sheet 8, the next operator can perform the second operation, and the cost is greatly reduced.

The utility model discloses a hemangioma model includes aneurysm model and phlebangioma model, as shown in fig. 11, arteriovenous vessel 4 includes arterial blood vessel 41 and venous blood vessel 42, and wherein, on arterial blood vessel 41 was located to the aneurysm model, on venous blood vessel 42 was located to the phlebangioma model.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the aneurysm model 6 includes one or more of an internal carotid aneurysm model, a posterior traffic aneurysm model, a pre-choroidal aneurysm model, a pre-cerebral aneurysm model, a pre-traffic aneurysm model, a middle cerebral aneurysm model, a vertebral artery aneurysm model, a basilar aneurysm model, and a posterior cerebral aneurysm model, which are disposed on the circumflex artery of the intracranial arteriovenous vessels.

In the above embodiment, the hemangioma training model is made as follows: 9 common intracranial aneurysm cases were collected, which were included in the two main categories of Willis pre-and post-aneurysmal circulatory aneurysms, classified according to the site of occurrence of the aneurysm. Scanning preoperative image data (one or more modes of Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA) or cerebrovascular angiography (DSA) of a patient and the like) and requiring thin layer scanning and storing the thin layer scanning in a DICOM format, introducing the acquired image data into reconstruction software (such as mimics, 3D-doctor, simpleware and the like) for three-dimensional reconstruction, and converting a two-dimensional image picture into a three-dimensional stereo model. The reconstructed aneurysm three-dimensional models of 9 cases are introduced into design software (3-matic, Magics, solid work, and the like) for combined design, and under the condition of ensuring that the part, size, shape and neck of the aneurysm are not changed, the 9 cases of the aneurysm are concentrated into a craniocerebral model to manufacture a training model of the aneurysm.

As shown in fig. 6 to 9, in an embodiment of the present invention, a connection device is disposed between the tumor-carrying blood vessel 61 and the corresponding intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel 4, the connection device includes a first connection block 9 connected to the tumor-carrying blood vessel 61 and a second connection block 10 connected to the corresponding intracranial arteriovenous blood vessel 4, a graph protrusion 11 of a m-shaped or a return-shaped shape is disposed on the first connection block 9, and a graph slot 12 of a m-shaped or a return-shaped shape is disposed on the second connection block 10 and is matched with the graph protrusion 11 of the m-shaped or the return-shaped shape.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting block 9 is provided with a meter-shaped or a square-shaped graphic slot 12, and the second connecting block 10 is provided with a meter-shaped or a square-shaped graphic card protrusion 11, which is matched with the meter-shaped or square-shaped graphic slot 12. The design of the shape like a Chinese character 'mi' or a Chinese character 'hui' can ensure that the trend and the position of the blood vessel are kept accurate and unchanged after the blood vessels at the two ends are connected; when the hemangioma model 6 is replaced and disassembled, the hemangioma model 6 to be replaced can be taken away only by pulling the hemangioma model 6 to be replaced out of the first connecting block 9 and the second connecting block 10 from the connecting device; when a new hemangioma model 6 is replaced, the user only needs to align the graphic clamping groove 12 and the graphic clamping protrusion 11 of the meter-shaped buckle or the square-shaped buckle on the first connecting block 9 and the second connecting block 10 to the slot position for clamping.

The utility model discloses an embodiment, carry tumour blood vessel 61 and hemangioma main part 62 and print into hollow structure by soft resin material 3D, and outer resin wall thickness is 0.3-0.8mm, the wall membrane of simulation blood vessel and hemangioma, and it has flowable liquid as the blood of simulation to carry tumour blood vessel 61 and the inside injection of hemangioma main part 62, like the gelatin aqueous solution (5% gelatin aqueous solution) of allotting. After the hemangioma clamps the tumor neck, the tumor neck is shriveled and collapsed, and the state of the real hemangioma after clamping can be simulated in a simulation way.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting block 9, the second connecting block 10 and the intracranial arteriovenous vessel 4 are all made of hard material for 3D printing, such as resin, PLA, ABS, etc. In this way, the printing of the first and second connecting blocks 9, 10 as a hard material ensures that there is sufficient support during the connection of the hemangioma model 6 without deformation. The printing of the intracranial artery and vein vessel 4 into a hard material can ensure the accuracy of the space structure of the artery system without deformation, displacement and the like.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the shape of the circulating skull patch 8 is adapted to the outer contour of the skull 1 where the circulating skull patch 8 is located, and the maximum diameter of the circulating skull patch 8 is 3-7 cm. The skull 1 is provided with a through hole for keyhole approach simulation surgery aiming at a corresponding hemangioma model, and the size of the through hole is obtained by taking the edge of a corresponding conventionally-opened bone window as a reference and integrally extending by 2-3cm outwards. The edge of the circulating skull piece 8 is provided with at least two connecting pieces 13, the circulating skull piece 8 penetrates through the connecting pieces 13 through screws to be connected with the skull 1 and cover the through holes, the diameter of each screw is 1-2mm, and after each training operation is finished, the screw can be unscrewed to replace a new circulating skull piece 8, so that the next training for opening the keyhole bone window 7 can be carried out.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the bone windows 7 is five, the position of each bone window 7 on the skull 1 corresponds to five approaches of supraorbital foramen approach, alar foramen approach, infratemporal foramen approach, postmastoid foramen approach and mediastinum approach, wherein ① supraorbital foramen approach is a foramen point on a unilateral superior glabellar arch, the foramen is a transverse ellipse-like foramen, the long diameter is about 4 + -0.5 cm, the short diameter is about 2.5 + -0.3 cm, the visual field range can reach the anterior portion of bilateral Willis loop, the medial wall of the contralateral orbit, the medial wall of the internal carotid artery, the medial wall of the ipsilateral anterior foramen, the medial wall of the inferior cranial nerve is about 4 + -0.5 cm, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the anterior cranial nerve of the supraventriculorubie, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the inferior cranial nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the supracranial nerve, the suprarenal nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the inferior foramen, the lateral wall of the supracranial nerve, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the supracranial nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the inferior foramen, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the inferior foramen, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the inferior lateral wall of the inferior superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the lateral nerve, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the inferior superior foramen, the lateral nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the lateral nerve of the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the superior nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior nerve of the lateral wall of the superior nerve, the superior nerve of the superior nerve, the inferior superior nerve, the lateral wall of the inferior superior nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior nerve, the lateral wall of the superior nerve, the superior foramen, the lateral wall of the superior foramen, the superior nerve, the superior foramen, the superior nerve, the superior lateral wall of the superior nerve, the lateral wall of the superior nerve, the lateral wall of the superior nerve, the superior lateral wall of the superior nerve, the lateral wall of the lateral.

As shown in fig. 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, cortical brain tissue 3 with gully structure on the surface is further disposed in the cranial cavity 2, intracranial arteriovenous blood 4 is embedded in the cortical brain tissue 3, intracranial nerves are further embedded in the cortical brain tissue 3, and the cortical brain tissue 3 is made of one or more materials selected from silica gel, rubber or gel. Thus, the cortical brain tissue 3 is soft, and can well simulate a tractable and strippable brain tissue. The lateral fissure separation is an important skill in hemangioma clamping, and the tractable brain tissue provides a simulation of the lateral fissure separation during the procedure. Thus, during practical operation simulation, an operator can truly train the process of hemangioma clamping operation by simulating the whole process of opening bone flap, separating brain tissue, exposing artery and nerve, dissecting hemangioma neck and clamping hemangioma.

It is obvious that the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limitations to the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The hemangioma training model is characterized by comprising a skull (1) with a skull cavity (2) inside, wherein intracranial artery and vein blood vessels (4) are arranged in the skull cavity (2), at least one hemangioma model (6) is arranged on the intracranial artery and vein blood vessels (4), the hemangioma model (6) comprises a tumor-carrying blood vessel (61) and a hemangioma main body (62) arranged on the tumor-carrying blood vessel (61), the hemangioma model (6) is detachably connected with the intracranial artery and vein blood vessel (4) through the tumor-carrying blood vessel (61), and a bone window (7) for performing a keyhole approach simulation operation on the corresponding hemangioma model (6) or a circulating skull patch (8) detachably connected with the skull (1) is arranged on the skull (1).

2. The training model of hemangioma according to claim 1, wherein said model of hemangioma (6) comprises one or more of a model of carotid aneurysm, a model of posterior traffic aneurysm, a model of anterior choroidal aneurysm, a model of anterior cerebral aneurysm, a model of anterior traffic aneurysm, a model of middle cerebral aneurysm, a model of vertebral aneurysm, a model of basilar aneurysm and a model of posterior cerebral aneurysm on the Willis circumflex of intracranial arteriovenous vessels (4).

3. A training model for hemangioma according to claim 1, wherein a connecting device is provided between the tumor-carrying vessel (61) and the corresponding intracranial artery and vein vessel (4), the connecting device comprises a first connecting block (9) connected with the tumor-carrying vessel (61) and a second connecting block (10) connected with the corresponding intracranial artery and vein vessel (4), a graphic projection (11) capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel is provided on the first connecting block (9), and a graphic slot (12) matched with the graphic projection (11) capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel is provided on the second connecting block (10); or, a graphic clamping groove (12) capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel is arranged on the first connecting block (9), and a graphic clamping protrusion (11) matched with the graphic clamping groove (12) capable of indicating the direction of the blood vessel is arranged on the second connecting block (10).

4. A training model for hemangioma according to claim 3, wherein the graphic card protrusion (11) or graphic card groove (12) capable of indicating blood vessel direction is in shape of Chinese character mi or Hui character.

5. The hemangioma training model according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the tumor-bearing blood vessel (61) and the hemangioma body (62) are both 3D printed by soft resin material to form a hollow structure, wall membranes of the blood vessel and the hemangioma are simulated, and flowable liquid is injected into the tumor-bearing blood vessel (61) and the hemangioma body (62) as simulated blood.

6. A training model for hemangioma according to claim 3, characterized in that the first connecting block (9), the second connecting block (10) and the intracranial arteriovenous vessels (4) are all 3D printed in hard material.

7. A training model for hemangioma according to claim 1, characterized in that the circulating skull patch (8) fits the outer contour of the skull (1) in the location where it is located, the maximum diameter of the circulating skull patch (8) being 3-7 cm.

8. A training model for hemangioma according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the skull (1) is provided with a through hole for keyhole approach simulation surgery on the corresponding hemangioma model (6), the edge of the circulating skull patch (8) is provided with at least two connecting patches (13), the circulating skull patch (8) is connected with the skull (1) by screws through the connecting patches (13) and covers the through hole.

9. A training model for hemangioma according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of bone windows (7) is one to five, and the position of each bone window (7) on the skull (1) corresponds to one of the following five approaches: supraorbital keyhole approach, wing point keyhole approach, temporal inferior keyhole approach, posterior mastoid keyhole approach, and longitudinal fissure approach.

10. The hemangioma training model as claimed in claim 1, wherein cortical brain tissue (3) with ravine structure on surface is further arranged in the cranial cavity (2), the intracranial artery and vein vessel (4) is embedded in the cortical brain tissue (3), intracranial nerves are further embedded in the cortical brain tissue (3), and the cortical brain tissue (3) is made of one or more materials selected from silica gel, rubber or gel.

Images