Direct current voltage reduction circuit
Technical Field
The embodiment of the utility model provides a relate to the power electronic equipment field, more specifically say, relate to a direct current step-down circuit.
Background
The Buck circuit is a circuit for converting a dc high voltage into a dc low voltage, and with the continuous development of power electronics technology, low cost, high efficiency, wide input and wide output become the development direction thereof. The traditional full-bridge converter with the Buck circuit is limited by the duty ratio, and when the input voltage is very low, the rated voltage is difficult to be stably and efficiently output.
In order to realize wider input and output voltage, the conventional Buck circuit usually adopts a two-stage scheme, wherein the front stage adopts a Boost (Boost) scheme, and the rear stage adopts a resonant converter or a phase-shifted full-bridge scheme. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Buck circuit, which is a common Buck circuit. In this circuit, a booster circuit is formed at a preceding stage by a boost inductor Lb, a switching tube Q1, and a power diode D1, and boosts an input voltage to a specified value. The rear stage comprises an LC circuit consisting of a resonant inductor Lr, a resonant capacitor Cr and a transformer T, and outputs the required direct-current voltage after being rectified by a synchronous rectification circuit.
Due to the adoption of a two-stage structure, the Buck circuit needs more devices, and causes the volume of the whole machine to be larger and the efficiency to be reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a need adopt more device for guaranteeing to export rated voltage high-efficiently steadily to above-mentioned Buck circuit to lead to the problem that the complete machine volume is great, efficiency reduces, provide a direct current step-down circuit.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a solve above-mentioned technical problem's technical scheme is, provide a direct current step-down circuit, including direct current input end, direct current output, chopper unit, transformer, synchronous rectifier unit, afterflow switch tube, power supply control switch tube, afterflow inductance and the control unit, wherein: the direct current input end is connected to a primary winding of the transformer through the chopping unit; the synchronous rectification unit comprises a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm which are connected in parallel, the head end of a secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the connection point of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of the first bridge arm, the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the connection point of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the second bridge arm, and a center tap of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the direct current output end through the follow current switching tube and the follow current inductor; one end of the power supply control switch tube is connected to a positive output terminal of the synchronous rectification unit, and the other end of the power supply control switch tube is connected to a connection point of the follow current switch tube and the follow current inductor; the control unit is respectively connected to the control ends of the chopping unit, the synchronous rectification unit, the follow current switching tube and the power supply control switching tube, and outputs a first group of control signals when the voltage of the direct current input end is greater than or equal to a preset voltage and outputs a second group of control signals when the voltage of the direct current input end is less than the preset voltage.
Preferably, the chopper unit includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series between a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of the dc input end, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series between a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of the dc input end; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer;
the upper bridge arm of the first bridge arm is composed of a fifth switch tube, the lower bridge arm of the first bridge arm is composed of a sixth switch tube, the upper bridge arm of the second bridge arm is composed of a seventh switch tube, and the lower bridge arm of the second bridge arm is composed of an eighth switch tube;
the first set of control signals includes: a first modulation signal output to the control ends of the first switch tube, the fourth switch tube and the fifth switch tube, a second modulation signal output to the control ends of the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the seventh switch tube, a third modulation signal output to the control end of the sixth switch tube, a fourth modulation signal output to the control end of the eighth switch tube, a fifth modulation signal output to the control end of the follow current switch tube and a sixth modulation signal output to the control end of the power supply control switch tube; the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal have the same waveform and are spaced by 180 degrees, the third modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal, the fourth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, the fifth modulation signal is an on signal, and the sixth modulation signal is an off signal.
Preferably, the chopper unit includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series between a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of the dc input end, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series between a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of the dc input end; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer;
the upper bridge arm of the first bridge arm is composed of a fifth switch tube, the lower bridge arm of the first bridge arm is composed of a sixth switch tube, the upper bridge arm of the second bridge arm is composed of a seventh switch tube, and the lower bridge arm of the second bridge arm is composed of an eighth switch tube;
the second set of control signals includes: a seventh modulation signal output to the control terminals of the first, fourth and fifth switching tubes, an eighth modulation signal output to the control terminals of the second, third and seventh switching tubes, a ninth modulation signal output to the control terminal of the sixth switching tube, a tenth modulation signal output to the control terminal of the eighth switching tube, an eleventh modulation signal output to the control terminal of the freewheeling switching tube, and a twelfth modulation signal output to the control terminal of the power supply control switching tube; the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal have the same waveform and are separated by 180 degrees, the ninth modulation signal is complementary to the seventh modulation signal, the tenth modulation signal is complementary to the eighth modulation signal, and the eleventh modulation signal is complementary to the twelfth modulation signal.
Preferably, the frequency of the eleventh modulation signal is twice the frequency of the seventh modulation signal.
Preferably, the dc voltage reduction circuit includes a first filter capacitor connected in series between a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal of the dc input terminal.
Preferably, the dc voltage reduction circuit includes a second filter capacitor connected in series between a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal of the dc output terminal.
Preferably, the dc voltage reduction circuit includes a dc blocking capacitor, and the dc blocking capacitor is connected in series between the negative output terminal of the chopper unit and the end of the primary winding of the transformer.
Preferably, the dc voltage reduction circuit includes a clamp capacitor, one end of the clamp capacitor is connected to the positive output terminal of the synchronous rectification unit, and the other end of the clamp capacitor is grounded.
The utility model discloses direct current step-down circuit is through detecting direct current input end voltage to according to direct current input end voltage to the first control signal of group or the second control signal of chopper unit, synchronous rectification unit, afterflow switch tube, power supply control switch tube output, under the prerequisite that reduces the complete machine volume, can realize the output under the wide input voltage, reduced the cost of circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Buck circuit employing a two-stage scheme;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dc voltage reduction circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic waveform diagram of a first set of control signals in the dc voltage reduction circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic waveform diagram of a second group of control signals in the dc voltage reduction circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of a dc voltage reduction circuit, which can be applied to power electronic devices to realize dc voltage conversion. The dc step-down circuit of the present embodiment includes a dc input terminal, a dc output terminal, a chopper unit 21, a transformer Tr, a synchronous rectification unit 22, a freewheeling switching tube Qs9, a power supply control switching tube Qs10, a freewheeling inductor Lm, and a control unit. The direct current voltage reduction circuit can be connected with a direct current power supply Vdc through a direct current input end, such as a storage battery; and the direct current voltage reduction circuit can be connected with a load R through a direct current output end. The secondary winding of the transformer Tr has a center tap. The follow current switch tube Qs9 and the power supply control switch tube Qs10 may be specifically transistors, metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and the like.
In the present embodiment, the dc input terminal is connected to the primary winding of the transformer Tr via the chopper unit 21; the synchronous rectification unit 22 includes a first arm and a second arm connected in parallel, a head end of a secondary winding of the transformer Tr is connected to a connection point of an upper arm and a lower arm of the first arm, a tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer Tr is connected to a connection point of an upper arm and a lower arm of the second arm, and a center tap of the secondary winding of the transformer Tr is connected to a direct current output terminal (positive output terminal) via a freewheeling switching tube Qs9 and a freewheeling inductor Lm; one end of the power supply control switching tube Qs10 is connected to the positive output terminal of the synchronous rectification unit 22 (i.e., the upper arm of the first arm), and the other end of the power supply control switching tube Qs10 is connected to the connection point of the freewheeling switching tube Qs9 and the freewheeling inductor Lm.
The control unit may include a logic control chip and a driving chip, wherein the logic control chip may sample and obtain a voltage at the dc input end Vdc and output a control signal to the driving chip, and the driving chip has a plurality of output pins, and the plurality of output pins are respectively connected to the control ends of the chopper unit 21, the synchronous rectification unit 22, the freewheeling switching tube Qs9, and the power supply control switching tube Qs 10. The control unit outputs a first group of control signals when the voltage of the direct current input end Vdc is greater than or equal to a preset voltage, and outputs a second group of control signals when the voltage of the direct current input end Vdc is less than the preset voltage. In particular, the control unit can automatically sample the voltage of the direct current input end and automatically select the first group of control signals or the second group of control signals according to the sampling result. Of course, in practical applications, the first group of control signals or the second group of control signals may be manually selected by means of a jumper, a switch, and the like according to the application of the dc voltage reduction circuit.
The direct-current voltage reduction circuit outputs the first group of control signals or the second group of control signals to the chopping unit 21, the synchronous rectification unit 22, the follow-current switching tube and the power supply control switching tube according to the voltage of the direct-current input end, and the output under the wide input voltage can be realized without an oscillating element, so that the size of the whole circuit is reduced, and the cost of the circuit is reduced.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the chopper unit includes a first switch tube Qs1, a second switch tube Qs2, a third switch tube Qs3 and a fourth switch tube Qs4 connected in a full-bridge structure, and the first switch tube Qs1, the second switch tube Qs2, the third switch tube Qs3 and the fourth switch tube Qs4 may specifically adopt a triode, a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, etc. Specifically, the first switching tube Qs1 and the second switching tube Qs2 are connected in series between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the dc input end, and the third switching tube Qs3 and the fourth switching tube Qs4 are connected in series between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the dc input end. The connection point of the first switch tube Qs1 and the second switch tube Qs2 is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the third switch tube Qs3 and the fourth switch tube Qs4 is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer Tr.
The upper arm of the first arm of the synchronous rectification unit 22 may be formed of a fifth switching tube Qs5, and the lower arm of the first arm may be formed of a sixth switching tube Qs 6; the upper arm of the second arm of the synchronous rectification unit 22 is formed by a seventh switching tube Qs7, and the lower arm of the second arm is formed by an eighth switching tube Qs 8. Similarly, the fifth switching tube Qs5, the sixth switching tube Qs6, the seventh switching tube Qs7 and the eighth switching tube Qs8 may specifically adopt a triode, a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor and the like.
Referring to fig. 3, when the voltage at the dc input end Vdc is greater than or equal to the preset voltage, the first set of control signals output by the control unit to the chopper unit 21, the synchronous rectification unit 22, the freewheeling switch Qs9 and the power supply control switch Qs10 includes: a first modulation signal outputted to the control terminals of the first, fourth and fifth switching tubes Qs1, Qs4 and Qs5, a second modulation signal outputted to the control terminals of the second, third and seventh switching tubes Qs2, Qs3 and Qs7, a third modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the sixth switching tube Qs6, a fourth modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the eighth switching tube Qs8, a fifth modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the freewheel switching tube Qs9, and a sixth modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the power supply control switching tube Qs 10; the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal have the same waveform and are spaced apart by 180 degrees (that is, the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 °), the third modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal, the fourth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, the fifth modulation signal is an on signal, and the sixth modulation signal is an off signal.
Under the control of the first group of control signals, the first switching tube Qs1, the second switching tube Qs2, the third switching tube Qs3 and the fourth switching tube Qs4 chop the voltage at the direct current input end, and transmit the voltage after chopping to the primary winding of the transformer Tr; the sixth switching tube Qs6 and the eighth switching tube Qs8 are used for synchronously rectifying the voltage output by the secondary winding of the transformer Tr; the fifth switch tube Qs5 and the seventh switch tube Qs7 are used for clamping spike voltage. In this way, the current flow path on the secondary side of the transformer Tr is: the center tap of the transformer Tr- > the follow current switching tube Qs9- > the follow current inductor Lm- > the load R- > the sixth switching tube Qs6 and the eighth switching tube Qs8- > the secondary winding of the transformer Tr.
With reference to fig. 4, when the voltage at the dc input end Vdc is less than the preset voltage, the second set of control signals output by the control unit to the chopper unit 21, the synchronous rectification unit 22, the freewheeling switch Qs9, and the power supply control switch Qs10 includes: a seventh modulation signal outputted to the control terminals of the first, fourth and fifth switching tubes Qs1, Qs4 and Qs5, an eighth modulation signal outputted to the control terminals of the second, third and seventh switching tubes Qs2, Qs3 and Qs7, a ninth modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the sixth switching tube Qs6, a tenth modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the eighth switching tube Qs8, an eleventh modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the freewheel switching tube Qs9, and a twelfth modulation signal outputted to the control terminal of the power supply control switching tube Qs 10; the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal have the same waveform and are spaced apart by 180 degrees (the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 °), the ninth modulation signal is complementary to the seventh modulation signal, the tenth modulation signal is complementary to the eighth modulation signal, and the eleventh modulation signal is complementary to the twelfth modulation signal. In particular, to achieve a better control accuracy, the frequency of the eleventh modulation signal is twice the frequency of the seventh modulation signal.
Under the control of the second group of control signals, the first switching tube Qs1, the second switching tube Qs2, the third switching tube Qs3 and the fourth switching tube Qs4 chop the voltage at the direct current input end, and transmit the voltage after chopping to the primary winding of the transformer Tr; the fifth switching tube Qs5, the sixth switching tube Qs6, the seventh switching tube Qs7 and the eighth switching tube Qs8 are used for synchronously rectifying the voltage output by the secondary winding of the transformer Tr; the power supply control switch tube Qs10 supplies current to the load R; the freewheeling switch Qs9 provides a current freewheeling path for the freewheeling inductor Lm.
In addition, the dc voltage reduction circuit may further include a first filter capacitor C1, a second filter capacitor C2, a dc blocking capacitor C3, and a clamping capacitor C4; the first filter capacitor C1 is connected in series between the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the dc input terminal, and can absorb noise of the input voltage of the dc input terminal; the second filter capacitor C2 is connected in series between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the DC output end and can absorb the noise wave of the output voltage of the DC output end; the direct current blocking capacitor C3 is connected in series between the negative output terminal of the chopping unit 21 and the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer Tr, so that direct current isolation between the chopping unit 21 and the transformer Tr is realized; one end of the clamp capacitor C4 is connected to the positive output terminal of the synchronous rectification unit 22, and the other end is grounded to clamp the output voltage of the synchronous rectification unit 22.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.