CN210238498U

CN210238498U - Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod and anchor head device

Info

Publication number: CN210238498U
Application number: CN201921092423.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: Yuliang Lin; 林宇亮; Cong Li; 李聪; Xueming Cheng; 程学明; Lianheng Zhao; 赵炼恒; Li Lu; 鲁立
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2019-07-12
Filing date: 2019-07-12
Publication date: 2020-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-12

Abstract

The utility model discloses an energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod and anchor head device, which comprises an anchor rod, a fixed nut, a friction type damper, a sleeve, a spring cushion layer, an expansion bolt and a sleeve tightening structure; the anchor rod end is connected with the fixing nut through threads, a spring is arranged below the fixing nut, a spring cushion layer is arranged below the spring, and two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the fixing nut and the spring cushion layer respectively; the friction type damper is arranged on the outer side of the fixing nut and the inner side of the sleeve and is formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of friction sheets; the sleeve is composed of two half cylinders, and the sleeve tightens the two half cylinders through a sleeve tightening structure so as to adjust the friction force between the friction plates inside the friction type damper. The utility model discloses can consume and absorb seismic energy in stock end department furthest, alleviate the seismic energy to the impact of stock end, avoid stock end stress surge, reach good energy-absorbing shock attenuation effect.

Description

Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod and anchor head device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, concretely relates to energy-absorbing's stock anchor head device.

Background

With the advancement and development of the infrastructure of China, a large number of road, railway, municipal administration, water conservancy and other infrastructures built or newly built inevitably have a large number of side slopes to be supported, and various side slope retaining and protecting measures are also developed endlessly. The concrete lattice beam is usually combined with an anchor rod to support a slope body to form a lattice beam and anchor rod combined supporting structure, and the lattice beam and anchor rod combined supporting is a typical flexible structure widely adopted in the field of geotechnical engineering.

The previous earthquake research and dynamic tests show that: for a traditional lattice beam and anchor rod combined supporting structure, the end of an anchor rod is easy to have a stress surge phenomenon under the action of an earthquake, namely, an additional stress which sharply increases is generated, the anchor rod at the end is over stressed to generate yielding and even be broken, and further engineering accidents such as supporting and retaining structure failure and road interruption are caused.

Patent document CN201410483046 discloses an extrusion and friction type energy absorption anchor rod, which comprises an anchor rod body and a sleeve, wherein an energy absorption lining pipe is arranged in the sleeve, the tail end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a tail end clamp, and the head end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with an anti-entry nut; the head end of the anchor rod body is arranged in the sleeve outside the energy-absorbing lining pipe, the tail end of the anchor rod body sequentially penetrates through the energy-absorbing lining pipe and the tail end clamp and is arranged outside the tail end clamp, the extrusion and friction type energy-absorbing anchor rod further comprises a pre-tightening nut and an anchor rod tray, and the problems that the existing telescopic anchor rod is low in bearing capacity and unbalanced in constant resistance and large deformation function are solved. However, when an earthquake or the like easily generates an additional stress which sharply increases, the problem that the anchor rod at the anchor head is buckled or even broken due to the overlarge stress still cannot be solved.

Therefore, a new energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor head device of the anchor rod is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to provide an energy-absorbing's stock anchor head device to the end department of stock produces the additional stress that sharply increases very easily under the seismic action that proposes in solving the background art, causes the too big and make it produce and surrender and even broken, and then causes the problem of engineering accidents such as fender structure inefficacy, road interruption.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides an energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod and anchor head device, which comprises an anchor rod, a fixing nut, a friction damper, a sleeve, a spring cushion layer, an expansion bolt and a sleeve tightening structure; the anchor rod is provided with an external thread at a position close to the upper end, the fixing nut is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread on the anchor rod, a spring is arranged below the fixing nut and on the radial outer side of the anchor rod, a spring cushion layer is arranged below the spring, and two ends of the spring are respectively and fixedly connected to the fixing nut and the spring cushion layer; the friction type damper is arranged on the radial outer side of the fixing nut and formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of friction sheets arranged radially inwards and outwards, the inner side face of the innermost friction sheet of the friction type damper is attached to the outer side face of the fixing nut, and the outer side face of the outermost friction sheet of the friction type damper is attached to the inner wall face of the sleeve; the sleeve is composed of two half cylinders, the sleeve tightens the two half cylinders through a sleeve tightening structure so as to adjust the friction force between friction plates inside the friction type damper, a tray with holes is fixedly and outwardly arranged at the bottom of the sleeve in the radial direction, a plurality of expansion bolts are used for fixing a spring cushion layer, and the plurality of expansion bolts are used for fixing the tray with the holes so as to fix the sleeve.

Furthermore, the friction type damper is made of asbestos friction materials or powder metallurgy friction materials.

Furthermore, lines which are matched with each other are arranged between the inner side face of the innermost friction plate and the outer side face of the fixing nut and between the outer side face of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall face of the sleeve, so that the inner side face of the innermost friction plate and the outer side face of the fixing nut, the outer side face of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall face of the sleeve cannot generate relative displacement after being fixed.

Further, the top of the sleeve is also provided with a cover plate.

Furthermore, the friction damper is composed of 5-8 layers of semi-cylindrical friction plates, and the thickness of each layer of friction plate is 1-5 mm.

Further, the sleeve hooping structure is arranged on the sleeve and comprises hooping rings respectively arranged on two sides of the two semi-cylinders, the two semi-cylinders of the sleeve relatively enclose a cylinder in use, and the two bolts respectively penetrate through the hooping rings respectively arranged on the two semi-cylinders to hoop the sleeve tightly.

Furthermore, the sleeve hooping structure comprises two half hoops, the two half hoops are semicircular, and the sleeve is hooped tightly through bolts after the two half hoops are closed.

Further, the sleeve and the perforated tray are integrally arranged.

Furthermore, two ends of the spring are respectively welded on the fixing nut and the spring cushion layer.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

the utility model discloses improved the fixed mode of stock end, set up a sleeve on the concrete beam promptly, pressed from both sides friction type attenuator between fixation nut and sleeve, set up high strength spring between fixation nut and concrete beam. During earthquake action, the concrete frame beam and anchor rod combined retaining structure can vibrate, the end head of the anchor rod can displace back and forth along the direction of the rod body of the anchor rod, so that the axial relative displacement between the fixing nut and the sleeve is driven, the friction type damper fixed between the fixing nut and the sleeve can generate dislocation deformation, and the friction force between the friction plates in the friction type damper always performs negative work, so that a great deal of earthquake energy is consumed. Meanwhile, the high-strength spring between the fixing nut and the concrete lattice beam can convert seismic energy into elastic potential energy in the stretching and compressing processes, so that the fixing nut further generates back-and-forth relative displacement with the inner wall of the sleeve, the friction force in the friction type damper is continuously promoted to do negative work, and the seismic energy is lost. Therefore, the earthquake energy can be consumed and absorbed to the maximum extent at the end of the anchor rod, the impact of the earthquake energy on the end of the anchor rod is reduced, the stress surge of the end of the anchor rod is avoided, and a good energy absorption and shock absorption effect is achieved.

In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a bolt and anchor head device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an anchor rod and anchor head device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an internal structure view of an anchor head device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a friction-type damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of a spring cushion layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

wherein, 1, a sleeve; 2. a friction-type damper; 3. fixing a nut; 4. a spring; 5. a spring cushion layer; 6. an anchor rod; 7. an expansion bolt; 8. a sleeve hooping structure; 9. a cover plate; 10. a concrete lattice beam; 11. the expansion bolt passes through the hole; 12. reserving a hole; 13. a tray with holes.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

Example 1

The utility model provides a shock-absorbing stock anchor head device of energy-absorbing, the stock anchor head device includes stock 6, fixation nut 3, friction type attenuator 2, sleeve 1, spring 4, spring cushion 5, expansion bolts 7 and sleeve lock ring structure 8.

The end of the anchor rod 6 penetrates through the high-strength spring 4, and a spring cushion layer 5 is arranged at the contact part of the high-strength spring 4 and the concrete lattice beam 10 in order to prevent the stress concentration phenomenon caused by point contact. The spring cushion layer 5 is fixed on the concrete lattice beam 10 by adopting expansion bolts 7, and the high-strength spring 4 is connected with the spring cushion layer 5 into a whole in a welding mode. The spring cushion layer 5 is an annular metal plate, a hole in the middle is a reserved hole 12 for the anchor rod 6 to pass through, and a plurality of expansion bolts pass through the holes 11 on the metal plate and are used for fixing the spring cushion layer 5 by the expansion bolts 7.

The position that stock 6 is close to the top end is equipped with the external screw thread, fixing nut 3 is the fixing nut who contains axial through hole, fixing nut 3 is last be equipped with the stock on the external screw thread assorted internal thread, contain internal screw thread fixing nut 3 and be used for twisting to establish on stock 6 that contains the external screw thread. The fixing nut 3 can be screwed down gradually along the upper end of the anchor rod 6 until the fixing nut is contacted with the high-strength spring 4; namely, a spring 4 is disposed below the fixing nut 3 and radially outside the anchor rod 6, and a spring cushion 5 is disposed below the spring 4.

The fixing nut 3 is connected with the high-strength spring 4 by welding to form surface contact. Before the fixing nut 3 is welded with the high-strength spring 4, the high-strength spring 4 needs to be compressed, and the fixing nut 3 needs to be screwed continuously for a plurality of circles, so that the end of the anchor rod 6 can be pre-tensioned through the compression counter force of the spring 4 after welding. When an earthquake occurs, the fixing screw cap 3 enables the linkage anchor rod 6 to move back and forth along the extension direction of the rod body of the anchor rod 6, and the high-strength spring 4 stretches or compresses along with the linkage anchor rod, so that the earthquake energy is converted into elastic potential energy, and the fixing screw cap 3 is promoted to enable the linkage anchor rod 6 to move back and forth.

The friction damper 2 is arranged on the radial outer side of the fixing nut 3, the friction damper 2 is formed by overlapping multiple layers of friction plates which are arranged radially inside and outside, the inner side face of the innermost friction plate of the friction damper 2 is attached to the outer side face of the fixing nut 3, and the outer side face of the outermost friction plate of the friction damper 2 is attached to the inner wall face of the sleeve 1.

Sleeve 1 comprises two semicircles, sleeve 1 tightens up two semicircles through sleeve lock hoop structure 8, and then adjusts the frictional force size between the inside friction disc of friction type attenuator 2, and the bolt on the accessible lock hoop structure 8 of adjusting sleeve controls sleeve 1 to the lock hoop degree of friction type attenuator 2, and then control frictional force size and energy consumption size when friction type attenuator 2 moves about the wrong.

The bottom of the sleeve 1 is fixedly extended and provided with a perforated tray 13 radially outwards, a plurality of expansion bolts 7 are used for fixing the spring cushion layer 5, and a plurality of expansion bolts 7 are used for fixing the perforated tray 13 and further fixing the sleeve 1 on the concrete lattice beam 10. The sleeve 1 and the perforated tray 13 are integrally arranged.

The inner side surface of the innermost friction plate of the friction type damper 2 is attached to the outer side surface of the fixing nut 3, and two surfaces attached to each other are provided with grains matched with each other, so that relative displacement cannot be generated between the fixing nut 3 and the innermost friction plate of the tightly attached friction type damper 2.

The friction type damper 2 is made of asbestos friction materials, powder metallurgy friction materials or other materials with friction energy dissipation effects. The asbestos friction material is prepared by adding a proper amount of filler into asbestos fibers, taking resin as an adhesive and adopting a hot pressing process. The powder metallurgy friction material is a composite material produced by taking metal or alloy as a base body, adding a friction component and a lubrication component, and carrying out mixing, forming, sintering and other processes, is a mixture of a plurality of independent substances embedded in the metal or alloy base body, and is a powder metallurgy friction material for example.

The series of friction plates in the friction type damper 2 have a compressive stress and a frictional force, and may be misaligned with each other. The friction plates in the friction type damper 2 are not connected but are sleeved between the fixing nut 3 and the sleeve 1. Under the action of an earthquake, if the end of the anchor rod 6 displaces, the friction type damper 2 is driven to be dislocated through the fixing nut 3, and friction plates in the friction type damper 2 are made to rub with each other to do work to consume earthquake energy. The number of layers of the friction plates in the friction type damper 2 is more than two, and preferably, the friction type damper 2 is composed of 5-8 layers of semi-cylindrical friction plates. The thickness of each layer of friction plate is 1-5 mm.

The outer side surface of the outermost side friction plate of the friction damper 2 is attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve 1, and mutually-matched grains are arranged on the two surfaces which are attached to each other, so that relative displacement cannot be generated between the sleeve 1 and the outermost side friction plate of the closely-attached friction damper 2.

In a specific embodiment, the sleeve tightening structure 8 is disposed on the sleeve 1, and includes tightening rings respectively disposed on two sides of the two half cylinders, when in use, the two half cylinders of the sleeve 1 relatively enclose a cylinder, and two bolts respectively penetrate through the tightening rings respectively disposed on the two half cylinders to tighten the sleeve 1.

In a specific embodiment, the sleeve tightening structure 8 is an independent structure and comprises two half hoops, the two half hoops are semicircular, and the sleeve 1 is tightened by bolts after the two half hoops are closed.

The top of the sleeve 1 is also provided with a cover plate 9, and the cover plate 9 is used for protecting the end head of the anchor rod 6.

The construction steps of the energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod and anchor head device are described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings:

step 1, cleaning sundries on the concrete lattice beam 10, determining that the strength of the concrete lattice beam reaches the standard, leveling the surface, punching holes on the concrete lattice beam 10, placing anchor rods 6 and pouring concrete.

Step 2, installing a spring cushion layer 5: and (3) penetrating a preformed hole 12 in the center of the spring cushion layer 5 into the end of the anchor rod 6, and downwards along the anchor rod 6 until the spring cushion layer is contacted with the concrete lattice beam 10, and then, penetrating the expansion bolt through the expansion bolt penetrating hole 11 by using the expansion bolt 7 to fix the spring cushion layer 5 on the concrete lattice beam 10.

Step 3, installing a spring 4: the spring 4 is placed on the spring pad 5 downward along the anchor rod 6, and the spring 4 and the spring pad 5 are integrally connected by welding.

Step 4, installing a fixing nut 3, and fixing an anchor rod 6: follow fixing nut 3 the 6 end of stock is screwed up gradually downwards, and when fixing nut 3 and spring 4 contact, compression spring 4 then continues to screw up fixing nut 3 several circles, welds spring and fixing nut again, forms the face contact.

Step 5, installing the friction type damper 2 and the sleeve 1: firstly, tightly attaching a semi-cylindrical friction damper 2 to the surface of a fixing nut 3; then wrapping the sleeve 1 on the outer surface of the friction type damper 2, screwing the sleeve tightening structure 8 through a bolt to realize the assembly of the sleeve 1, and controlling the friction resistance of the friction type damper 2 by controlling the tightening force of the sleeve tightening structure 8; finally the sleeve 1 is secured to the concrete lattice beam 10 using expansion bolts 7 through holes in the perforated tray 13.

Step 6, installing a cover plate 9: finally, a cover plate 9 is covered on the top of the sleeve 1 to protect the end of the anchor rod 6.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. For those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, a plurality of simple deductions and replacements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of them should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod and anchor head device is characterized by comprising an anchor rod (6), a fixing nut (3), a friction type damper (2), a sleeve (1), a spring (4), a spring cushion layer (5), an expansion bolt (7) and a sleeve tightening structure (8); an external thread is arranged at the position, close to the upper end, of the anchor rod (6), an internal thread matched with the external thread on the anchor rod (6) is arranged on the fixing nut (3), a spring (4) is arranged below the fixing nut (3) and on the radial outer side of the anchor rod, a spring cushion layer (5) is arranged below the spring (4), and two ends of the spring (4) are fixedly connected to the fixing nut (3) and the spring cushion layer (5) respectively; the friction damper (2) is arranged on the radial outer side of the fixing nut (3), the friction damper (2) is formed by overlapping multiple layers of friction plates which are arranged radially inwards and outwards, the inner side surface of the innermost friction plate of the friction damper (2) is attached to the outer side surface of the fixing nut (3), and the outer side surface of the outermost friction plate of the friction damper (2) is attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve (1); the sleeve (1) is composed of two half cylinders, the sleeve (1) is tightened up through a sleeve tightening structure (8), so that the friction force between friction plates inside the friction damper (2) is adjusted, a perforated tray (13) is fixedly and outwards extended radially at the bottom of the sleeve (1), a plurality of expansion bolts (7) are used for fixing a spring cushion layer (5), and the plurality of expansion bolts (7) are used for fixing the perforated tray (13) and further are used for fixing the sleeve (1).

2. A rock bolt head arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the friction type damper (2) is of an asbestos friction material or a powder metallurgy friction material.

3. The anchor head device of the anchor rod according to claim 1, wherein lines matched with each other are arranged between the inner side surface of the innermost friction plate and the outer side surface of the fixing nut (3) and between the outer side surface of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall surface of the sleeve (1), so that the inner side surface of the innermost friction plate and the outer side surface of the fixing nut (3), the outer side surface of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall surface of the sleeve (1) cannot generate relative displacement after being fixed.

4. A rock bolt head arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the sleeve (1) is also provided with a cover plate (9) at the top.

5. The anchor head device of the anchor rod of the claim 1, characterized in that, the friction type damper (2) is composed of 5-8 layers of semi-cylindrical friction plates, and the thickness of each layer of friction plate is 1-5 mm.

6. A rock bolt head assembly according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve gripping formation (8) is provided on the sleeve (1) and includes gripping rings provided on each side of the two half-cylinders, the two half-cylinders of the sleeve (1) in use enclosing a cylinder relative to each other, and two bolts passing through the gripping rings on the two half-cylinders respectively to grip the sleeve (1).

7. A rock bolt head device according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve tightening structure (8) comprises two half hoops, the two half hoops are semi-circular, and the sleeve (1) is tightened by bolts after being closed.

8. A rock bolt head arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve (1) and apertured tray (13) are integrally formed.

9. A rock bolt head device according to claim 1, characterized in that both ends of the spring (4) are welded to the fixing nut (3) and the spring cushion (5), respectively.