CN210174971U - Front longitudinal beam structure and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The front longitudinal beam structure comprises a front longitudinal beam body and a plurality of crushing grooves, wherein the crushing grooves are formed in two opposite side walls of the front longitudinal beam body at intervals along the longitudinal direction and are symmetrically arranged relative to an extending axis of the front longitudinal beam body, each crushing groove extends along the height direction of the front longitudinal beam structure, crushing holes are formed in extending lines of at least part of the crushing grooves, the crushing holes are symmetrically arranged relative to the extending axis of the front longitudinal beam body, and the diameters of the crushing holes in different crushing grooves are sequentially reduced from front to back along the longitudinal direction. The crushing grooves and the crushing holes are symmetrically arranged about the extension axis of the front longitudinal beam body, so that axial crushing is realized; the aperture through with the conquassation hole reduces from fore-and-aft in proper order along vertical for the intensity that is located the conquassation groove in the place ahead is less than the intensity that is located the conquassation groove in rear, in order to realize conquassation step by step, and the energy-absorbing is effectual, can improve the security of vehicle.

Description

Front longitudinal beam structure and vehicle

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a front longitudinal beam structure and a vehicle.

Background

During the vehicle collision, the better collision effect is that the engine compartment deforms to absorb all collision energy, so that the passenger compartment does not deform to protect passengers from being injured. The main energy absorption components are a front anti-collision beam, an energy absorption box and a front longitudinal beam structure, and most of collision accidents are offset collision, so that the front longitudinal beam structure and the like are easy to generate bending deformation, the energy absorption of the bending deformation is limited, and the safety performance of a passenger compartment is low.

Chinese utility model patent 201721317436.9 discloses an automobile front longitudinal beam structure, including front longitudinal beam inner panel and front longitudinal beam planking, be provided with the front end on the front longitudinal beam planking and bend induced structure, be provided with the rear end on the front longitudinal beam inner panel and bend induced structure. The front longitudinal beam forms a first rigidity weakening section at the front end bending induction structure position, the front longitudinal beam forms a second rigidity weakening section at the rear end bending induction structure position, and the first rigidity weakening section and the second rigidity weakening section divide the front longitudinal beam into a longitudinal beam front section, a longitudinal beam middle section and a longitudinal beam rear section. The front longitudinal beam is bent in a Z shape in the whole deformation process, the collision energy is fully absorbed through two times of bending deformation, and the acceleration of the vehicle body is reduced.

And above-mentioned utility model patent increases a bending deformation more on a bending deformation's basis and plays the energy-absorbing effect, and the energy-absorbing effect is still very limited.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a front longitudinal structure and vehicle, this front longitudinal structure is at axial crushing during the collision, and energy-absorbing effect is good.

In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a front side member structure including a front side member body and a plurality of crush grooves formed on opposite side walls of the front side member body at longitudinal intervals, respectively, and symmetrically arranged with respect to an extension axis of the front side member body, each of the crush grooves extending in a height direction of the front side member structure, crush holes formed on extension lines of at least some of the crush grooves, the crush holes being symmetrically arranged with respect to the extension axis of the front side member body, and apertures of the crush holes located in different crush grooves sequentially decreasing from front to back in the longitudinal direction.

Optionally, the crushing grooves of the crushing holes are all the crushing grooves or at least the front-most part of adjacent crushing grooves in the plurality of crushing grooves.

Optionally, each crushing groove is provided with a plurality of same crushing holes at intervals along the extending direction of the groove body.

Optionally, the front side rail body has a square cross section, and the crush hole is formed at an inflection point of the square cross section on the front side rail body.

Optionally, the front longitudinal beam body includes an inner plate and an outer plate, the inner plate is formed into a cross section in a shape of a Chinese character 'ji', the Chinese character 'ji' shaped plate is fastened on the outer plate and includes a first side wall, a second side wall and a third side wall which form a square structure with the outer plate, and the crushing grooves are symmetrically formed on the second side wall of the inner plate and on the outer plate respectively.

Optionally, the crushing grooves include a first crushing groove, a second crushing groove, a third crushing groove, a fourth crushing groove, a fifth crushing groove and a sixth crushing groove, the first crushing groove, the second crushing groove and the third crushing groove are sequentially arranged on the outer plate at intervals from front to back, the fourth crushing groove, the fifth crushing groove and the sixth crushing groove are sequentially arranged on the second side wall of the inner plate at intervals from front to back, the first crushing groove is provided with first crushing holes and second crushing holes at intervals along the groove body, the second crushing groove is provided with third crushing holes and fourth crushing holes at intervals along the groove body, the fourth crushing groove is provided with fifth crushing holes and sixth crushing holes at intervals along the groove body, the fifth crushing holes and the sixth crushing holes are respectively provided with the same holes and have the same hole diameters as the first crushing holes and the second crushing holes, the fifth crushing groove is internally provided with seventh crushing holes and eighth crushing holes at intervals along the groove body, the seventh crushing holes and the eighth crushing holes are symmetrically arranged with the third crushing holes and the fourth crushing holes and have the same diameter, and the diameter of the first crushing holes is larger than that of the third crushing holes.

Optionally, the outer panel includes an outer panel body, a first flange and a second flange, the first crush hole and the third crush hole are formed at a junction of the outer panel body and the first flange, the second crush hole and the fourth crush hole are formed at a junction of the outer panel body and the second flange, the fifth crush hole and the seventh crush hole are formed at a junction of the first side wall and the second side wall, and the sixth crush hole and the eighth crush hole are formed at a junction of the third side wall and the second side wall.

Optionally, the front side member main body comprises an inner plate and an outer plate, the inner plate and the outer plate jointly define a hollow cavity with a square cross section, the front side member main body comprises a front section and a rear section, the crushing groove is formed in the front section, the rear section corresponds to a front wheel, the width of the top surface of the inner plate of the rear section is larger than that of the bottom surface, an opening for installing an engine suspension installation support is formed in the rear section, and the front side member structure further comprises a reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate corresponds to the opening and is arranged in the cavity.

Optionally, the cross section of the reinforcing plate is formed into a zigzag plate which is fastened to the outer plate, and the longitudinal dimension of the reinforcing plate is larger than that of the opening.

The present disclosure also provides a vehicle including the front side member structure as described above.

Through the technical scheme, the crushing grooves and the crushing holes are symmetrically arranged about the extension axis of the front longitudinal beam body, so that the crushing grooves and the crushing holes on the two symmetrical sides of the front longitudinal beam body can simultaneously collapse and deform during impact, and the front longitudinal beam is prevented from being bent due to the deformation of only one side; in addition, in order to prevent the front crushing groove behind the front longitudinal beam from deforming and bending before the front crushing groove, the aperture of the crushing hole for weakening the strength of the crushing groove is sequentially reduced from front to back along the longitudinal direction, so that the strength of the front crushing groove is smaller than that of the rear crushing groove, when the front crushing groove is impacted, the front crushing groove can be shrunk before the rear crushing groove, and the front longitudinal beam structure is crushed step by step from front to back.

Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a front rail construction in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side view of an outer panel in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a side view of an inner panel in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an inner panel in an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the positional relationship of the inner panel and the opening is shown;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a front rail structure in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 5.

Description of the reference numerals

1 outer panel 111 outer panel body

112 first turned-up edge 113 second turned-up edge

101 first crushing groove 11 first crushing hole

13 second crushing hole 102 second crushing groove

12 third crushing hole 14 fourth crushing hole

103 third crushing groove 2 inner plate

211 first sidewall 212 second sidewall

213 third side wall 201 fourth crushing tank

21 fifth crushing hole 23 sixth crushing hole

202 fifth crushing groove 22 seventh crushing hole

24 eighth crushing hole 203 sixth crushing groove

204 opening 205 reinforcing rib

3 reinforcing plate 4 chamber

6 extension axis of front longitudinal beam body of auxiliary crushing groove A

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the use of directional terms such as "inner" and "outer" refers to the inner and outer sides of the outline of the corresponding component or structure, the "front" refers to the front in the vehicle forward direction, and the "rear" refers to the direction opposite to the vehicle forward direction. The above directional terms are merely for convenience in describing the present disclosure, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the present disclosure. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and the like, are used herein to distinguish one element from another, and are not necessarily sequential or significant. In addition, in the description with reference to the drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings denote the same elements.

In the related art, the inventors of the present application found that a front side member structure of a vehicle is easily subjected to bending deformation when being impacted, because the strength of the sections where the crush grooves formed on the front side member body are located is almost equal, each crush groove is deformed almost simultaneously or the rear crush groove is deformed earlier than the front crush groove when being impacted, so that the front side member structure is deformed along the Z-shaped bending, and the energy absorption effect is poor.

Based on this, the disclosed embodiment provides a front side member structure, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the front side member structure includes a front side member body and a plurality of crush troughs, the plurality of crush troughs are respectively formed on two opposite side walls of the front side member body at longitudinal intervals and are symmetrically arranged about an extension axis a of the front side member body, each crush trough extends along a height direction of the front side member structure, crush holes are formed on extension lines of at least some of the crush troughs, the crush holes are symmetrically arranged about the extension axis a of the front side member body, and aperture of the crush holes located in different crush troughs decreases sequentially from front to back in the longitudinal direction. The extending line of the crush slot refers to an extending line along the extending direction of the slot body of the crush slot, that is, along the extending line, and the crush hole may be formed inside and/or outside the crush slot.

According to the technical scheme, the crushing grooves and the crushing holes are symmetrically arranged about the extension axis A of the front longitudinal beam body, so that the crushing grooves and the crushing holes on the two symmetrical sides of the front longitudinal beam body can simultaneously collapse and deform during impact, and the front longitudinal beam body is prevented from being bent due to the deformation of only one side; in addition, in order to prevent the front crushing groove behind the front longitudinal beam from deforming and bending before the front crushing groove, the aperture of the crushing hole for weakening the strength of the crushing groove is sequentially reduced from front to back along the longitudinal direction, so that the strength of the front crushing groove is smaller than that of the rear crushing groove, when the front crushing groove is impacted, the front crushing groove can be collapsed before the rear crushing groove, and the front longitudinal beam structure is crushed from front to back step by step, therefore, the front longitudinal beam structure can be effectively prevented from bending deformation and only deforms along the direction of the extension axis A, the energy absorption effect is good, and the safety of a vehicle can be improved.

Here, the crush grooves and the crush holes may be formed symmetrically on the top and bottom surfaces of the front side member structure, or may be formed symmetrically on the opposite side surfaces.

As an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure, the crush slots provided with the crush holes are all the crush slots or at least the partially adjacent crush slots located at the forefront among the plurality of crush slots. The arrangement mode can ensure that the front end of the front longitudinal beam structure can firstly absorb part of collision energy during collision, and can reduce the damage of rear parts.

Of course, in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the crush groove provided with the crush hole may be a crush groove adjacent to a middle portion of the plurality of crush grooves, or a crush groove located at a rear portion, so as to realize local axial crush of the front side member structure.

Furthermore, each crushing groove is provided with a plurality of same crushing holes at intervals along the extending direction of the groove body. The shape of the crushing hole can be round, square or other arbitrary shapes, the shape and size of the crushing hole in each crushing groove are the same, and the crushing hole can be arranged in the groove body of the crushing groove or outside the groove body and positioned on the extension line of the groove body.

The front longitudinal beam structure in the disclosed embodiment may have a square cross section, and the crush holes are formed at the inflection points of the edges of the square cross section on the front longitudinal beam main body. The front longitudinal beam has relatively higher strength at the turning part of the cross section, and the crumple hole is arranged at the turning part to weaken the strength of the turning part, so that the crumple deformation of the front longitudinal beam structure is facilitated.

As an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the front side member body includes an inner panel 2 and an outer panel 1, the inner panel 2 is formed into a cross-section in a zigzag shape, the zigzag shape is fastened to the outer panel 1, and includes a first side wall 211, a second side wall 212, and a third side wall 213 which form a square-shaped structure with the outer panel 1, wherein flanges for fixing to the outer panel 1 are further formed on the first side wall 211 and the third side wall 213, respectively, and the inner panel 2 and the outer panel 1 may be fastened together by welding or the like. In addition, crush grooves are symmetrically formed on the second side wall 212 of the inner panel 2 and the outer panel 1, respectively, for ease of manufacturing.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the crush slots include a first crush slot 101, a second crush slot 102, a third crush slot 103, a fourth crush slot 201, a fifth crush slot 202, and a sixth crush slot 203, the first crush slot 101, the second crush slot 102, and the third crush slot 103 are sequentially spaced from front to back on the outer panel 1, the fourth crush slot 201, the fifth crush slot 202, and the sixth crush slot 203 are sequentially spaced from front to back on the second sidewall 212 of the inner panel 2, the first crush slot 101 has the same first crush holes 11 and second crush holes 13 formed at intervals along the cell body, the second crush slot 102 has the same third crush holes 12 and fourth crush holes 14 formed at intervals along the cell body, the fourth crush slot 201 has the same fifth crush holes 21 and sixth crush holes 23 formed at intervals along the cell body, the fifth crush holes 21 and sixth crush holes 23 are symmetrically arranged with the first crush holes 11 and the second crush holes 13, the seventh crushing hole 22 and the eighth crushing hole 24 are formed in the fifth crushing groove 202 at intervals along the groove body, the seventh crushing hole 22 and the eighth crushing hole 24 are symmetrically arranged with the third crushing hole 12 and the fourth crushing hole 14, and have the same diameter, and the diameter of the first crushing hole 11 is larger than that of the third crushing hole 12.

Like this, when the front longitudinal beam structure receives the striking, at first conquassation groove 101 and fourth conquassation groove 201 can be simultaneously conquassation, then, second conquassation groove 102 and fifth conquassation groove 202 can be simultaneously conquassation, and finally, third conquassation groove 103 and sixth conquassation groove 203 can be simultaneously conquassation, through the cubic conquassation step by step, a large amount of collision energy also is absorbed because of the axial of preceding crashproof roof beam is creased gradually, and like this, can effectively protect the frame structure who is located the front longitudinal beam structure rear section to and guarantee passenger cabin indeformable.

As an alternative embodiment, the diameters of the first, second, fifth and sixth crushing holes 11, 13, 21 and 23 may be set to 20mm, and the diameters of the third, fourth, seventh and eighth crushing holes 12, 14, 22 and 24 may be set to 15mm, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

The length and width of the crush slots can be set as required, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, for example, as shown in fig. 2, the length of the first crush slot 101 and the length of the second crush slot 102 on the outer panel 1 are equal, and the length thereof can be equal to the height of the front side member structure, and the length of the first crush slot 101 is greater than the length of the third crush slot 103, so that the strength of the front end of the front side member structure is lower than that of the rear end; since there are a plurality of mounting holes for mounting other components near the crush troughs, in order to keep the strength of the sections where the symmetrically arranged crush troughs are located consistent on both sides of the front side rail structure as much as possible, so as to achieve the effect of simultaneous collapse on both sides, the lengths of the symmetrically arranged crush troughs are not necessarily equal, as shown in fig. 3, the length of the fourth crush trough 201 on the second side wall 212 of the inner panel 2 may be the longest, and the lengths of the fifth crush trough 202 and the sixth crush trough 203 may be relatively short.

Further, the outer panel 1 includes an outer panel body 111, a first burring 112 and a second burring 113, first crush holes 11 and third crush holes 12 are formed at the intersection of the outer panel body 111 and the first burring 112, second crush holes 13 and fourth crush holes 14 are formed at the intersection of the outer panel body 111 and the second burring 113, fifth crush holes 21 and seventh crush holes 22 are formed at the intersection of the first sidewall 211 and the second sidewall 212, and sixth crush holes 23 and eighth crush holes 24 are formed at the intersection of the third sidewall 213 and the second sidewall 212. Since the strength of the front longitudinal beam structure at the joint is relatively large, the crush hole is arranged at the joint, so that the crush deformation at the joint is facilitated.

In the collision, the front longitudinal beam structure can be collapsed and deformed along the axial direction by the crushing groove arranged at the front part of the front longitudinal beam structure, and a large amount of collision energy is absorbed, so that the crushing groove and the crushing hole are not required to be arranged at the position at the rear part of the front longitudinal beam structure to assist the deformation and energy absorption of the front longitudinal beam structure. Based on this, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the front side member body inner panel 2 and the outer panel 1 together define a hollow chamber 4 having a square cross section, the front side member main body includes a front section and a rear section, a crush groove is formed in the front section, the rear section corresponds to a front wheel, and a width of a top surface of the rear section inner panel 2 is larger than a width of a bottom surface and an opening 204 for mounting an engine suspension mount is formed, so that a section where the opening 204 is located has a very small strength, and in order to prevent the engine suspension mount from being subjected to a collision impact, the front side member structure may further include a reinforcing panel 3, and the reinforcing panel 3 is arranged in the chamber 4 corresponding to the opening 204 to reinforce the section.

Further, the cross section of the reinforcing plate 3 is formed into a n-shaped plate which is snap-fitted and fixed to the outer panel 1, and the longitudinal dimension of the reinforcing plate 3 is larger than that of the opening 204. In this way, the reinforcing plate 3 can constitute a side member structure having a square cross section at a position corresponding to the opening 204 in place of the inner panel 2 in the same manner as the outer panel 1, and therefore, the stability and structural strength of the front side member body can be improved. In the embodiment, because the position of the engine suspension mounting support is strengthened, the rear suspension of the engine can be prolonged, so that the distance between the frame of the engine is increased, and a space is provided for the backward movement of the collided engine.

Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, in order to further reinforce the structure of the front side member body rear section, a plurality of reinforcing beads 205 may be further provided in the vicinity of the opening 204, each of the reinforcing beads 205 extending in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, in order to avoid the impact on the rear section of the front side member body caused by the excessive impact, as shown in fig. 2, an auxiliary crushing groove 6 having a size smaller than that of all the crushing grooves in front may be additionally provided behind all the crushing grooves on the outer panel 1, the auxiliary crushing groove 6 is not provided on the inner panel 2, and when all the crushing grooves in front of the auxiliary crushing groove 6 are collapsed, the auxiliary crushing groove 6 is then collapsed, so that the front section of the front side member body is bent to absorb the remaining collision energy, thereby protecting the rear section and other parts provided thereon.

The disclosed embodiment also provides a vehicle including the front side member structure described above.

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure. For example.

It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.

In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A front side member structure, characterized in that the front side member structure comprises a front side member body and a plurality of crush grooves formed on opposite side walls of the front side member body at longitudinal intervals, respectively, and arranged symmetrically with respect to an extension axis (A) of the front side member body, each of the crush grooves extending in a height direction of the front side member structure, crush holes formed on extension lines of at least a part of the crush grooves, the crush holes arranged symmetrically with respect to the extension axis (A) of the front side member body, and apertures of the crush holes located in different crush grooves decrease sequentially from front to back in a longitudinal direction.

2. The front side member structure according to claim 1, wherein the crush grooves in which the crush holes are provided are all the crush grooves or at least a part of adjacent crush grooves located at the forefront among the plurality of crush grooves.

3. The front longitudinal beam structure of claim 1, wherein each of the crush troughs is provided with a plurality of identical crush holes at intervals along the direction in which the trough extends.

4. The front side member structure according to claim 1, wherein the front side member body has a square cross section, and the crush hole is formed at an inflection of an edge of the square cross section on the front side member main body.

5. The front side member structure according to claim 1, wherein the front side member body includes an inner panel (2) and an outer panel (1), the inner panel (2) is formed into a cross-section of a rectangular plate which is fastened to the outer panel (1), and includes a first side wall (211), a second side wall (212), and a third side wall (213) which form a square structure with the outer panel (1), and the crush grooves are symmetrically formed on the second side wall (212) of the inner panel (2) and on the outer panel (1), respectively.

6. The front longitudinal beam structure according to claim 5, wherein the crush troughs include a first crush trough (101), a second crush trough (102), a third crush trough (103), a fourth crush trough (201), a fifth crush trough (202), and a sixth crush trough (203), the first crush trough (101), the second crush trough (102), and the third crush trough (103) are sequentially arranged on the outer panel (1) at intervals from front to back, the fourth crush trough (201), the fifth crush trough (202), and the sixth crush trough (203) are sequentially arranged on the second side wall (212) of the inner panel (2) at intervals from front to back, the first crush trough (101) is formed with first crush holes (11) and second crush holes (13) at intervals along the trough body, and the second crush trough (102) is formed with third crush holes (12) and fourth crush holes (14) at intervals along the trough body, the fourth crushing groove (201) is internally provided with fifth crushing holes (21) and sixth crushing holes (23) which are the same at intervals along the groove body, the fifth crushing holes (21) and the sixth crushing holes (23) are respectively arranged symmetrically with the first crushing holes (11) and the second crushing holes (13) and have the same aperture, the fifth crushing groove (202) is internally provided with seventh crushing holes (22) and eighth crushing holes (24) which are the same at intervals along the groove body, the seventh crushing holes (22) and the eighth crushing holes (24) are arranged symmetrically with the third crushing holes (12) and the fourth crushing holes (14) and have the same aperture, and the aperture of the first crushing hole (11) is larger than that of the third crushing hole (12).

7. The front side member structure according to claim 6, wherein the outer panel (1) includes an outer panel body (111), a first burring (112), and a second burring (113), the first crush hole (11) and the third crush hole (12) are formed at a junction of the outer panel body (111) and the first burring (112), the second crush hole (13) and the fourth crush hole (14) are formed at a junction of the outer panel body (111) and the second burring (113), the fifth crush hole (21) and the seventh crush hole (22) are formed at a junction of the first side wall (211) and the second side wall (212), and the sixth crush hole (23) and the eighth crush hole (24) are formed at a junction of the third side wall (213) and the second side wall (212).

8. The front side member structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the front side member main body includes an inner panel (2) and an outer panel (1), the inner panel (2) and the outer panel (1) together define a hollow chamber (4) having a square cross section, the front side member main body includes a front section at which the crush groove is formed and a rear section corresponding to a front wheel, and a top surface of the inner panel (2) of the rear section has a width larger than a width of a bottom surface and is formed with an opening (204) for mounting an engine suspension mount bracket, the front side member structure further includes a reinforcing plate (3), the reinforcing plate (3) being arranged in the chamber (4) corresponding to the opening (204).

9. Front longitudinal beam structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the cross section of the reinforcement panel (3) is formed as a few-letter shaped panel which is snap-fitted to the outer panel (1), and the longitudinal dimension of the reinforcement panel (3) is greater than the longitudinal dimension of the opening (204).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle includes the front side member structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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