CN210158716U

CN210158716U - Built-in optical element and anti-pollution laser operation or processing equipment

Info

Publication number: CN210158716U
Application number: CN201920463665.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕培军; 原福松; 张耀鹏
Original assignee: Peking University School of Stomatology
Current assignee: Peking University School of Stomatology
Priority date: 2019-04-08
Filing date: 2019-04-08
Publication date: 2020-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-08

Abstract

The utility model provides a built-in optical element and anti-pollution laser operation or processing equipment. The device realizes the three-dimensional XYZ space position control of the working laser spot through a laser two-dimensional scanning unit and a lens moving unit; the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are adjusted by the telescopic units to adapt to patients with different oral depths or working spaces with different depths; the real-time monitoring of the laser cutting dynamic state is realized through the real-time monitoring unit, so that the safety control is achieved; the unidirectional laminar ventilation unit controls the wind direction to flow towards the light outlet in the unidirectional direction, so that the temperature of a cutting area is controlled, the stability of optical components of the lens moving unit and the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is not influenced, and the pollution of dust generated during cutting to the optical components is avoided. Through the utility model discloses, solved and adopted traditional method to rely on handheld high-speed turbine to bore or commercial dental laser to accomplish the problem that the tooth body that leads to prepares the level low, that the human cost is big, reduced the human cost that the tooth body prepared.

Description

Built-in optical element and anti-pollution laser operation or processing equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a laser beam machining technical field particularly, relates to a built-in optical element and anti-pollution laser surgery or processing equipment.

Background

Dental hard tissue disease is one of the most common oral diseases. The hard tissue diseases of teeth mainly comprise decayed teeth (commonly called as decayed teeth and decayed teeth), tooth defects, tooth loss and the like. According to the fourth national epidemiological survey report of oral health, the incidence rate of oral diseases of adults in China is as high as 95.6%, wherein the dental hard tissue diseases account for more than 85%.

Tooth preparation is a basic link in the treatment process of tooth hard tissue diseases and is the most common clinical key operation technology which is the most basic for oral clinicians. The "tooth preparation" refers to the operation process of carrying out three-dimensional quantitative cutting and shaping on hard tissues (including enamel, dentin and cementum in physiological and pathological states) of a diseased tooth in a narrow oral cavity (the height is about 2-5mm) of a patient by a high-speed grinding instrument held by a doctor (special for dentistry). The aim is to remove diseased tissue on the hard tissue of the tooth or/and to prepare the remaining healthy hard tissue into a specific three-dimensional geometry.

At present, clinical dental preparation procedures are all done by conventional methods relying on hand-held high-speed turbo drills or commercial dental lasers. Both of these approaches have significant drawbacks and disadvantages. Firstly, in a narrow space of a human oral cavity (the vertical opening degree is usually 2.5-5.0cm, semi-closed, the resistance of lip, cheek, tongue muscle and soft tissue and the random movement of skull and jaw bone), the operation is controlled only by the vision of human eyes and the positioning of human hands, and the relevant standards required by teaching books and clinical operation specifications are difficult or impossible to achieve. Therefore, the tooth preparation is excessive or insufficient, which results in poor precision and low efficiency of clinical tooth preparation. Even more so, it causes iatrogenic damage to the mucous membranes of the gums, lips, cheeks, and tongue. Secondly, the traditional dental drill is easy to generate sharp noise, which causes discomfort for patients and doctors. Thirdly, the existing laser dental drill still uses the traditional manual operation mode to cut the dental tissue, and only uses the laser power to replace the mechanical power, so the limitation of manual operation cannot be got rid of. Fourthly, the cutting surface microcracks can occur when the commercial laser is used for preparing the tooth body at present, dental pulp nerves are stimulated, the cutting precision cannot be controlled, the finish degree of the cutting surface is poor, and wounds are caused to healthy tooth tissues.

The overall level of clinical manual dental preparation for oral cavity in China is low (according to the estimation of relevant experts, the qualification rate accounts for about 40%), the speed is increased slowly, the traditional training process of the clinical operation skill is very long (usually 5-10 years), and the serious shortage of professional oral medical human resources with strong clinical dental preparation operation capability is directly caused. According to investigation, the proportion of specialists in developed countries such as Euramerican days to oral patients is about 1: 500-: 20000. the quantity of the oral doctors with strong clinical operation capability is seriously insufficient, which is one of the root causes of the outstanding civil problems of 'the oral diseases are expensive and difficult to see' in China. In addition, the traditional manual dental preparation mode has difficulty in meeting the standard requirements of dental preparation set forth by clinical practice specifications. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new, automatic and intelligent clinical tooth preparation technology to replace the traditional manual mode.

At present, the tooth preparation process generally needs four hands to operate, one patient needs to occupy the resources of doctors and nurses, and the labor cost is expensive.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a built-in optical element and anti-pollution laser operation or processing equipment to solve clinical tooth body preparation process in the correlation technique at least and adopt traditional method to rely on handheld high-speed turbine to bore or commercial dental laser to accomplish the tooth body that leads to prepare the problem that the level is low, the human cost is big.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a built-in optical element and anti-pollution laser operation or processing equipment, include: an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder telescopic unit, a lens moving unit, a laser two-dimensional scanning unit, a real-time monitoring unit and a unidirectional laminar ventilation unit, wherein,

the head end of the inner cylinder is matched and connected with the tail end of the outer cylinder through the inner and outer cylinder telescopic units; the laser two-dimensional scanning unit and the real-time monitoring unit are arranged at the head end of the outer cylinder; the lens moving unit is driven by a driving motor and is arranged in the inner cylinder and close to the head end of the inner cylinder;

the unidirectional laminar flow ventilation unit is arranged at the position, close to the tail end, of the inner cylinder; the head end of the outer cylinder is sealed; and the tail end of the inner barrel is provided with a 45-degree reflector and a light outlet through hole.

Optionally, the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is one of: two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its subassembly, two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and its subassembly, two-dimensional ultrasonic oscillator and its subassembly, piezoceramics scanning pipe and its subassembly.

Optionally, the tail end of the inner barrel comprises a detachable support, and the 45-degree reflector and the light outlet through hole are arranged on the detachable support.

Optionally, the inner and outer tube telescopic unit includes:

an inner cylinder key 1-A on the outer side surface of the inner cylinder 1, and a chute 3-A on the inner side surface of the outer cylinder 3 matched with the inner cylinder key 1-A on the outer side surface of the inner cylinder 1;

the inner side surface of the locking knob 2 is uniformly provided with a plurality of variable-radius arc-shaped surfaces 2-A, and the inner side surface of the locking knob 2 is provided with an annular groove 2-B;

the tail end of the outer cylinder 3 is provided with elastic sheets 6 which are matched with the plurality of variable-radius arc-shaped surfaces 2-A one by one; the inner side surface of the tail end of the elastic sheet 6 is fixedly connected with an elastic pad 7;

the outer side surface of the outer cylinder 3 is provided with a buckle 3-B which is matched with the annular groove 2-B on the inner side surface of the locking knob 2.

Optionally, the lens moving unit includes:

the driving motor 8 is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the inner cylinder 1;

the device comprises a screw rod 9, a screw rod nut 10 and a lens support 11, wherein one end of the screw rod 9 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of a driving motor 8, and the other end of the screw rod 9 is fixedly connected with the lens support 11 through the screw rod nut 10;

the lens 12 is fixed in the lens support 11 by the lens fixing ring 13, and the lens support 11 is in sliding fit with the sliding groove 1-B on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder 1 through a support key 11-C on the outer side surface.

Optionally, the lens moving unit includes:

a permanent magnet 14 which is a part of the inner cylinder 1;

the hollow moving coil 15 can be sleeved in the permanent magnet 14, a coil is wound on the outer side surface 15-A of the hollow moving coil 15, the lens support 15-1 is arranged at one end of the hollow moving coil 15, a lens is fixed on the lens support 15-1, and a sliding key 15-B on the outer side surface of the lens support 15-1 is in sliding fit with a sliding groove on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder 1.

Optionally, the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its components, and the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its components include: a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror mount 16 and a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17,

the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror base 16 is fixedly connected with the head end of the outer cylinder 3, the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 is installed in a 45-degree scanning mirror base hole 16-A of the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror base 16, and the outer cylinder 3 is provided with a working laser through hole 20-A;

the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 is driven by at least one of: electrostatic drive, electromagnetic drive, piezoelectric drive, electrothermal drive.

Optionally, the laser surgery or machining apparatus further comprises:

the device comprises a beam splitter 18 and a beam splitter seat 19, wherein the beam splitter 18 is arranged in a 1945-degree hole 19-C of the beam splitter seat, the beam splitter seat 19 is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the outer barrel 3, one surface 18-A of the beam splitter 18 is plated with a working laser antireflection film, and the other surface 18-B of the beam splitter 18 is plated with an imaging light reflection film;

the beam splitter mount 19 further comprises a horizontal hole 19-A and a vertical hole 19-B;

the outer cylinder 3 is provided with an imaging light through hole 20-B.

Optionally, the real-time monitoring unit is one of: a CCD imaging system, an imaging fiber optic system, or other built-in camera system.

Optionally, the unidirectional laminar flow ventilation unit comprises one or more ventilation ducts 1-D, 1-E, the one or more ventilation ducts 1-D, 1-E being provided on the outer wall of the inner barrel 1 between the lens moving unit and the light outlet through hole.

Through the built-in optical element and the anti-pollution laser operation or processing equipment provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the laser operation or processing equipment realizes the three-dimensional XYZ space position control of the working laser facula through the laser two-dimensional scanning unit and the lens moving unit; the laser operation or processing equipment is adjusted by the inner and outer cylinder telescopic units to adapt to patients with different oral depths or working spaces with different depths; the real-time monitoring of the laser cutting dynamic state is realized through the real-time monitoring unit, so that the safety control is achieved; the unidirectional laminar ventilation unit is used for controlling the wind direction to flow towards the unidirectional direction (towards the light outlet), so that the stability of optical components of the lens moving unit and the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is not influenced while the temperature of a cutting area is controlled, meanwhile, the pollution of dust generated during cutting to the optical components is avoided, the problems of low tooth preparation level and high labor cost caused by the fact that the traditional method is used for completing the tooth preparation by means of a handheld high-speed turbine drill or a commercialized dental laser are solved, and the labor cost of tooth preparation is reduced. The laser operation or processing equipment can be applied to the preparation of oral teeth, can also be used for material processing and forming (such as cutting, grinding, perforating and the like) in other medical fields such as dentistry, orthopedics, oral implant, ophthalmology, surgery or other fields, can be used for cutting and ablating hard tissues (teeth and bones), soft tissues or other materials, and can also be used in industrial fields such as material surface modification, material cutting and the like.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an another important characteristics is that its structural support adopts hollow fiber based on transmissible high power high repetition frequency ultrashort pulse laser to replace traditional leaded light arm to conduct work laser, has replaced traditional mirror light path that shakes with built-in adoption laser two-dimensional scanning unit of the small mirror technique that shakes, has both guaranteed the operational flexibility of system, has realized the miniaturization and the miniaturation that are used for narrow and small lumen work space's robot again.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without undue limitation to the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a built-in optical element and contamination-resistant laser surgery or machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2A is an exploded view of an inner and outer tube telescopic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2B is a top view and a longitudinal section view of a locking knob according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an exploded view of a lens moving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is an exploded view of a voice coil lens moving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is an exploded view of a laser two-dimensional scanning unit and a real-time monitoring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a unidirectional laminar ventilation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

In this embodiment, a laser surgery or machining apparatus with built-in optical elements and contamination prevention is provided. Fig. 1 is a front view of a laser surgical or machining apparatus with built-in optical elements and contamination prevention according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and outer cylinder telescopic unit, a lens moving unit, a laser two-dimensional scanning unit, a real-time monitoring unit and a unidirectional laminar flow ventilation unit, wherein the head end of the inner cylinder is connected with the tail end of the outer cylinder in a matched manner through the inner cylinder and outer cylinder telescopic unit; the laser two-dimensional scanning unit and the real-time monitoring unit are arranged at the head end of the outer cylinder; the lens moving unit is driven by a driving motor and is arranged in the inner cylinder and close to the head end of the inner cylinder; the unidirectional laminar flow ventilation unit is arranged at the position of the inner cylinder close to the tail end; the head end of the outer cylinder is sealed; the tail end of the inner cylinder is provided with a 45-degree reflector and a light outlet through hole.

The laser operation or processing device provided by the embodiment can be applied to the preparation of oral teeth, can also be applied to the material processing and forming in other medical fields such as dentistry, orthopaedics, oral implant, ophthalmology, surgery or other fields to complete the ablation and ablation of hard tissues (teeth and bones), soft tissues or other materials, and can also be applied to the industrial fields such as material surface modification, material cutting and the like.

The embodiments of the invention will be described and illustrated hereinafter in terms of preferred embodiments.

The laser two-dimensional scanning unit of the embodiment mainly comprises a built-in two-dimensional Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) scanning mirror and components thereof; the lens moving unit mainly comprises a driving motor, a transmission mechanism, a lens seat and a lens; the real-time monitoring unit mainly comprises a beam splitter, a CCD imaging system and components thereof, and the unidirectional laminar ventilation unit mainly comprises a unidirectional ventilation pipeline. Through the design, the laser operation or processing equipment realizes a small and compact design, and the three-dimensional XYZ space position control of the working laser spot is realized through the laser two-dimensional scanning unit and the lens moving unit; the laser operation or processing equipment is adjusted by the inner and outer cylinder telescopic units to adapt to patients with different oral depths or working spaces with different depths; the real-time monitoring of the laser cutting dynamic state is realized through the real-time monitoring unit, so that the safety control is achieved; the unidirectional laminar ventilation unit is used for controlling the wind direction to flow towards the unidirectional direction (towards the light outlet), so that the stability of optical components of the lens moving unit and the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is not influenced while the temperature of a cutting area is controlled, meanwhile, the pollution of dust generated during cutting to the optical components is avoided, the problems of low tooth preparation level and high labor cost caused by the fact that the traditional method is used for completing the tooth preparation by means of a handheld high-speed turbine drill or a commercialized dental laser are solved, and the labor cost of tooth preparation is reduced.

Another important characteristic of the laser operation or processing equipment of this embodiment is that its structure supports and adopts the hollow fiber based on transmissible high power high repetition frequency ultrashort pulse laser to replace traditional leaded light arm to conduct the working laser, has replaced traditional mirror light path that shakes with built-in laser two-dimensional scanning unit that has adopted the micro mirror technique that shakes, has both guaranteed the operational flexibility of system, has realized the miniaturization and the miniaturization that are used for narrow and small lumen workspace's robot again.

In order to facilitate autoclaving of contaminated leading end portions which may enter the patient's mouth or body, in this embodiment a detachable holder is designed which can be easily detached, is arranged at the trailing end of the inner cylinder and comprises only a 45-degree mirror and a metal tube wall which can withstand autoclaving without further sensitive optical elements.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the telescopic unit structure of the inner and outer cylinders of the laser operation or processing equipment is exploded, so that the relative sliding of the inner and outer cylinders is realized, and the inner and outer cylinders are adapted to working spaces with different depths, and the relative positions of the inner and outer cylinders are fixed by conveniently and rapidly locking the inner cylinder through the locking knob. The realization process is as follows: the inner cylinder 1 is matched with a sliding groove 3-A on the inner side surface of the outer cylinder 3 through an inner cylinder key 1-A on the outer side surface of the inner cylinder 1, so that the inner cylinder 1 can axially slide relative to the outer cylinder 3 along the sliding groove 3-A on the outer cylinder 3, when the relative position reaches a target position, the locking knob 2 is rotated clockwise (or anticlockwise), at the moment, the plurality of variable-radius arc-shaped surfaces 2-A on the inner side surface of the locking knob 2 extrude the outer side surface of the outer cylinder 3 at the tail end, the elastic sheets 6 matched with the plurality of variable-radius arc-shaped surfaces 2-A one by one, the elastic cushion 7 fixedly connected with the inner side surface at the tail end of the elastic sheet 6 can tightly hold the outer side surface of the inner cylinder 1, the larger the rotating angle. The locking knob 2 is matched with the outer barrel 3 through a buckle 3-B on the outer side surface of the outer barrel 3 and an annular groove 2-B on the inner side surface of the locking knob 2, so that the axial positions of the locking knob 2 and the outer barrel 3 are relatively unchanged, and the locking knob 2 is not restrained from rotating relative to the outer barrel 3. Fig. 2B is a schematic view and a cross-sectional view of the locking knob.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the lens moving unit of the laser surgery or machining apparatus. The small-sized screw nut 10 is matched with the top surface 11-A of the lens support 11 through threads 10-A to ensure that the lens support 11 is fixedly connected with the screw rod 9, the lens 12 is fixed in the lens support 11 through a lens fixing ring 13, the lens fixing ring 13 is in threaded connection with the inner side surface 11-B at the bottom of the lens support 11 through the outer side surface 13-A, the lens support 11 is in sliding fit with the sliding chute 1-B at the inner side surface of the inner cylinder 1 through a support key 11-C at the outer side surface, so that the rotational freedom degree of the screw nut 10 is restrained, the lens support 11 can slide along the axial direction relative to the inner cylinder 1, and the driving motor 8 is in threaded connection with the surface 1-C on. The driving motor 8 drives the screw rod 9 to rotate, and then drives the screw rod nut 10 to axially move through spiral transmission, so that the lens support 11 is driven to slide along the chute 1-B on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder 1, and the lens is moved. In practical application, the lens can be moved by means of gear transmission, rack-and-pinion transmission, rope transmission, cam transmission, belt transmission and other transmission modes.

Another way to realize the lens movement is shown in fig. 4, the permanent magnet 14 is a part of the inner cylinder 1, the hollow moving coil 15 is wound with a coil on the outer side 15-a, the lens support 15-1 is integrated with the hollow moving coil 15, the sliding key 15-B on the outer side of the lens support 15-1 is in sliding fit with the sliding slot on the inner side of the inner cylinder 1, when the winding is energized, electromagnetic force is generated in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, thereby pushing the hollow moving coil 15 and the lens on the lens support 15-1 to slide axially along the sliding slot of the inner cylinder 1 relative to the inner cylinder 1.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a laser two-dimensional scanning unit includes but is not limited to following one: two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its subassembly, two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and its subassembly, two-dimensional ultrasonic oscillator and its subassembly, piezoceramics scanning pipe and its subassembly. As shown in fig. 5, the two-dimensional scanning unit and the real-time monitoring unit are provided, wherein the two-dimensional scanning unit employs a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its components. The two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and the components thereof mainly comprise a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 and a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror base 16, wherein the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror base 16 is fixedly connected with the head end of the outer cylinder 3 through a screw 3-1, and the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 is arranged in a scanning mirror base hole 16-A. The two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 is driven by means of electrostatic driving, electromagnetic driving, piezoelectric driving, electrothermal driving and the like, and the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 rotates in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that two-dimensional scanning of the incident working laser 5 is realized.

Wherein, the incident working laser 5 can be directly transmitted to the galvanometer of the laser two-dimensional scanning unit through a light guide arm or a special optical fiber (such as a hollow optical fiber).

The beam splitter 18 is arranged in a hole 19-C of a beam splitter base 19, the beam splitter base 19 is fixedly connected with a hole 3-B of the inner side surface of the outer cylinder 3 through a screw 19-1, one surface 18-A of the beam splitter 18 is plated with a working laser antireflection film, and the other surface 18-B is plated with a CCD imaging system 4 imaging light reflection film, so that working laser reflected by the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror 17 can penetrate through the beam splitter 18-A and penetrate out through the hole 19-B, then is focused through a lens, and finally is reflected to a working surface through a 45-degree reflector 21 at the tail end of the inner cylinder 1. On the other hand, imaging light (which may be working laser or an indicating light source) of the CCD imaging system 4 is reflected by the 45-degree mirror 21, reflected by the beam splitter 18-B, passes out of the hole 19-a, and enters the CCD imaging system 4 through the hole 20-B of the outer cylinder 3, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the working area. The outer cylinder cover 20 is connected with the outer cylinder hole 3-C through a screw 20-1. In practical application, in addition to the use of MEMS to realize laser two-dimensional scanning, the laser two-dimensional scanning can also be realized through piezoelectric ceramic resonance. The working laser can be transmitted through an optical fiber or a light guide arm.

As shown in fig. 6, a structure of the unidirectional laminar ventilation unit is shown. Through the design of ventilation pipe direction for most wind flows towards 45 degrees speculum 21 and light-emitting port, forms the malleation, and the ventilation can remove the dust that the laser cutting produced, can take away the heat that the laser cutting produced again, simultaneously because the urceolus head end is sealed, does not basically have wind to flow to MEMS one side, has avoided the influence of ventilation to built-in optical components and parts stability and the pollution of cutting dust, oral cavity saliva, bacterium etc..

It should be noted that the laser surgery or machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a circular tube shape, or may have another shape, such as a square tube. The embodiment of the utility model provides a laser surgery or processing equipment list are two segmentation shell structures that stretch out and draw back, on this basis, can also realize the flexible shell structure of three-section or more segmentation even, and all are in the utility model discloses within the protection scope of embodiment. And, although the preferred embodiment describes the laser surgery or machining device of the present invention in terms of oral dental preparation, it does not mean that the laser surgery or machining device of the present invention can only be used in the field of oral dental preparation, for example, the laser surgery or machining device can also be used in other medical fields such as dentistry, orthopedics, oral implant, ophthalmology, surgery or other fields for material processing and shaping, and can perform ablation of hard tissues (teeth, bones), soft tissues or other materials, and can also be used in industrial fields such as material surface modification, material cutting, etc.

To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model provides a laser operation or processing equipment have realized miniaturization, the miniaturization of laser operation or processing equipment based on techniques such as built-in MEMS micro mirror, mobilizable lens to integrated laser cutting melts, control, ventilate dust removal function in an organic whole, really realize the clinical full automatization in oral cavity, intelligent, safe comfortable tooth object that prepares. By applying the laser operation or processing equipment provided by the embodiment of the utility model in the field of oral cavity dental preparation, the bottleneck of precision, quality and efficiency of manual operation for dental preparation can be broken through, so that stomatologists get rid of overload and high-repeatability manual operation labor, and medical errors caused by human factors are avoided to the maximum extent; the digital measurement and automatic control are used for replacing visual inspection and manual control, the clinical operation process of 'expert level' is finished in a high-standard and repeatable way, the 'clinical medical operation specification' is really realized and popularized, the clinical medical efficiency and quality are improved, and the clinical medical automation and intellectualization are gradually realized. The traditional manual labor is upgraded into artificial intelligence, and automatic and accurate numerical control is realized, so that the scientific progress of oral medicine is improved, the clinical medical efficiency and quality are improved, the feeling of patients is facilitated, the cost is reduced, and the oral medicine has infinite huge potential and huge economic and social benefits.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser surgery or machining apparatus with built-in optical components and contamination prevention, comprising: an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder telescopic unit, a lens moving unit, a laser two-dimensional scanning unit, a real-time monitoring unit and a unidirectional laminar ventilation unit, wherein,

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is one of: two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its subassembly, two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and its subassembly, two-dimensional ultrasonic oscillator and its subassembly, piezoceramics scanning pipe and its subassembly.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear end of the inner barrel comprises a removable holder, the 45 degree mirror and the light exit through hole being provided on the removable holder.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner and outer cylinder telescopic unit comprises:

an inner cylinder key (1-A) on the outer side surface of the inner cylinder (1), and a sliding chute (3-A) on the inner side surface of the outer cylinder (3) matched with the inner cylinder key (1-A) on the outer side surface of the inner cylinder (1);

the inner side surface of the locking knob (2) is uniformly provided with a plurality of variable-radius arc-shaped surfaces (2-A), and the inner side surface of the locking knob (2) is provided with an annular groove (2-B);

the tail end of the outer cylinder (3) is provided with elastic sheets (6) which are matched with the plurality of variable-radius arc-shaped surfaces (2-A) one by one; the inner side surface of the tail end of the elastic sheet (6) is fixedly connected with an elastic pad (7);

the outer side surface of the outer cylinder (3) is provided with a buckle (3-B) which is matched with the annular groove (2-B) on the inner side surface of the locking knob (2).

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lens moving unit comprises:

the driving motor (8) is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the inner cylinder (1);

the lens driving mechanism comprises a screw rod (9), a screw rod nut (10) and a lens support, wherein one end of the screw rod (9) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of a driving motor (8), and the other end of the screw rod (9) is fixedly connected with the lens support through the screw rod nut (10);

the lens support is in sliding fit with a sliding groove (1-B) on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder (1) through a support key (11-C) on the outer side surface.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lens moving unit comprises:

a permanent magnet (14) which is a part of the inner cylinder (1);

the hollow moving coil (15) can be sleeved in the permanent magnet (14), a coil is wound on the outer side surface (15-A) of the hollow moving coil (15), the lens support is arranged at one end of the hollow moving coil (15), a lens is fixed on the lens support, and a sliding key (15-B) on the outer side surface of the lens support is in sliding fit with a sliding groove on the inner side surface of the inner cylinder (1).

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser two-dimensional scanning unit is a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror and its components, comprising: a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror seat (16) and a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror (17),

the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror seat (16) is fixedly connected with the head end of the outer cylinder (3), the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror (17) is arranged in a 45-degree scanning mirror seat hole (16-A) of the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror seat (16), and the outer cylinder (3) is provided with a working laser through hole (20-A);

the two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror (17) is driven by at least one of: electrostatic drive, electromagnetic drive, piezoelectric drive, electrothermal drive.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

the device comprises a beam splitter (18) and a beam splitter base (19), wherein the beam splitter (18) is arranged in a 45-degree hole (19-C) of the beam splitter base (19), the beam splitter base (19) is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of an outer cylinder (3), one surface (18-A) of the beam splitter (18) is plated with a working laser antireflection film, and the other surface (18-B) of the beam splitter (18) is plated with an imaging light reflection film;

the beam splitter base (19) also comprises a horizontal hole (19-A) and a vertical hole (19-B);

the outer cylinder (3) is provided with an imaging light through hole (20-B).

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the real-time monitoring unit is one of: a CCD imaging system, an imaging fiber optic system, or other built-in camera system.

10. The device according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the unidirectional laminar flow ventilation unit comprises one or more ventilation ducts (1-D, 1-E), the one or more ventilation ducts (1-D, 1-E) being provided on the outer wall of the inner cylinder (1) between the lens moving unit and the light outlet through hole.