CN210115748U - Ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device Download PDFInfo
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- CN210115748U CN210115748U CN201920709273.1U CN201920709273U CN210115748U CN 210115748 U CN210115748 U CN 210115748U CN 201920709273 U CN201920709273 U CN 201920709273U CN 210115748 U CN210115748 U CN 210115748U
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device, a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a cup-shaped grinding tool are connected together through a prestressed bolt and a nut, the transducer converts an electric signal provided by an ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration of longitudinal transmission, the sound wave of the longitudinal vibration is transmitted to the cup-shaped grinding tool through the transmission effect of the amplitude transformer, the cup-shaped grinding tool is divided into a disc section and a circular pipe section, the amplitude transformer longitudinal vibration excitation enables the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool to do transverse bending pitch circular vibration, and the longitudinal vibration of the circular pipe section is formed through coupling, the combination of three different vibration modes of 'longitudinal-bending-longitudinal' is realized, the combined vibration of the longitudinal vibration and the radial vibration is shown at the tail end of the circular pipe section through the bending vibration of the disc section and the longitudinal vibration of the circular pipe section, in a longitudinal diameter plane, the elliptical vibration track is formed through the coupling of the longitudinal vibration and the radial vibration, the design of the resonance system is simplified, and the vibration of the grinding wheel disk is more ideal.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the utility model relates to an ultrasonic grinding equipment especially relates to an oval vibration grinding device of supersound single excitation.
Background art:
ultrasonic grinding is a machining technology formed by applying high-frequency vibration to a cutter or a workpiece on the basis of a traditional grinding machining method, and is an effective finish machining process for difficult-to-machine materials such as composite materials, hard and brittle materials and the like. The ultrasonic elliptic vibration grinding is that on the basis of single linear reciprocating motion of common ultrasonic grinding abrasive particles, ultrasonic high-frequency motion in the vertical direction is added, so that an elliptic periodic motion track of the abrasive particles is formed through coupling. The ultrasonic elliptical vibration mode can reduce the grinding force and the grinding heat of a single abrasive particle and increase the removal rate of materials.
The design method of the traditional ultrasonic vibration system is mostly designed by adopting a full resonance theory, and the applicable range is that the tool mass and the volume are small, and the influence on the system can be ignored. However, in some special cases, the workpiece or the tool is directly loaded by the horn, and the material, structure, size and the like of the horn are determined by the use requirements of the horn, so that the horn cannot be designed according to the resonant frequency of the system and is a non-resonant unit. Therefore, a design method with better adaptability is needed to meet the ultrasonic resonance and design of a heavy-load tool.
The utility model has the following contents:
the utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device overcomes the defects of the prior art, has reasonable design and compact structure, simplifies a resonance system and forms an elliptical vibration track.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that:
an ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method comprises the following steps:
an ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device comprises a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a cup-shaped grinding tool, wherein the transducer, the amplitude transformer and the cup-shaped grinding tool are connected together through a prestressed bolt and a nut, the pretightening force required by the bolt needs to be accurately calculated during actual assembly, and the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool is coated with abrasive particles according to actual processing requirements to form a circumferential abrasive layer; the transducer converts an electric signal provided by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration transmitted longitudinally, and transmits sound waves of longitudinal vibration to the cup-shaped grinding tool through the transmission action of the amplitude transformer, the cup-shaped grinding tool is divided into a disc section and a circular tube section, the amplitude transformer is excited by longitudinal vibration to enable the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool to vibrate in a pitch circle mode of transverse bending and to be coupled to form longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section, compounding of three different vibration modes of longitudinal-bending-longitudinal is achieved, the composite vibration of longitudinal vibration and radial vibration is coupled at the tail end of the circular tube section through the bending vibration of the disc section and the longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section, and in a longitudinal radial plane, the longitudinal vibration and the radial vibration are coupled to form an elliptical vibration track, namely, abrasive particles participating in grinding process move periodically in the elliptical vibration track.
The transducer is directly connected with the amplitude transformer through a prestressed bolt to form an integrated structure; or the transducer is additionally provided with a front cover plate connected with the amplitude transformer; the two or four transducers have the same resonant frequency as the designed frequency of the amplitude transformer, so that the grinding system has a good vibration state; the cup-shaped grinding tool is matched with a stud at the tail end of the amplitude transformer through a nut to achieve the effect of fixedly connecting with the amplitude transformer, abrasive grains of different sizes and different types are electroplated at the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool according to processing requirements, the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool can be hollowed out to reduce the load of the amplitude transformer, symmetrically distributed grooves can be formed in the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool, and the circulation performance of grinding fluid is improved.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model discloses a design method can avoid according to the complexity that brings when the full resonance of entire system designs, simplifies resonance system's design, makes the vibration of abrasive wheel dish more ideal.
2. The utility model discloses a design method under realized cup-shaped grinding tool's good ultrasonic vibration, more importantly has formed the terminal oval type vibration orbit of cup-shaped grinding tool.
3. The utility model discloses the method is reasonable, has realized the supplementary elliptical vibration grinding of supersound of large-scale load instrument, compact structure, easily manufacturing and designing, easily popularization implementation have good economic benefits.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is one of the structural views of an ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a second block diagram of the ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elliptical vibration trace of abrasive particles;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cup-shaped grinding tool wheel of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the bowl-shaped tool wheel of fig. 2.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example (b): referring to fig. 1-5, there are shown 1-a prestressed bolt, 2-a transducer, 3-a tapered horn, 4-a cup-shaped grinding tool wheel, 5-a nut, 6-a layer of abrasive grains, and 7-a bowl-shaped tool wheel.
The ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device consists of a prestressed bolt 1, an energy converter 2, a variable amplitude rod 3, a cup-shaped grinding tool grinding wheel 4 and a nut 5. The transducer 2 is connected with the amplitude transformer 3 through the bolt 1, and the pre-tightening force required by the bolt needs to be accurately calculated during actual assembly, so that a good assembly effect is achieved. The cup-shaped grinding tool wheel 4 is fixedly connected with the amplitude transformer 3 through a nut 5. According to the actual processing requirements, the end of the grinding wheel 4 of the cup-shaped grinding tool is coated with abrasive particles to form a circumferential abrasive layer 6.
The design method of ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding comprises the following steps:
a. determining the vibration mode and vibration track of the elliptical vibration grinding system:
the elliptic vibration grinding system consists of an energy converter, an amplitude transformer and a cup-shaped grinding tool, wherein the amplitude transformer consists of the amplitude transformer and the cup-shaped grinding tool, the energy converter converts an electric signal provided by an ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration transmitted longitudinally, the sound wave of the longitudinal vibration is transmitted to the cup-shaped grinding tool through the transmission action of the amplitude transformer, the cup-shaped grinding tool is divided into a disc section and a circular tube section, the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool is subjected to transverse bending pitch circle vibration through the longitudinal vibration excitation of the amplitude transformer, the longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section is coupled to form the longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section, the compounding of three different vibration modes of longitudinal-bending-longitudinal vibration is realized, the compound vibration of longitudinal vibration and radial vibration is coupled at the tail end of the circular tube section through the bending vibration of the disc section and the longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section, and the coupling of the longitudinal vibration and the radial vibration, namely, the abrasive grains participating in the grinding process move periodically along an elliptical track;
b. establishing a kinetic equation of each section in the amplitude transformer:
establishing a dynamic equation of the amplitude transformer, the disc section and the circular pipe section, and then coupling the three simultaneously according to boundary conditions to obtain an overall frequency equation of the amplitude transformer, wherein the longitudinal vibration amplitude transformer is of a straight rod type, a conical type and a composite type and is of a quarter wavelength or an integral multiple thereof, the longitudinal vibration amplitude transformer and the circular pipe section can determine displacement and stress functions of the amplitude transformer and the disc section according to a longitudinal vibration propagation theory of sound waves according to the vibration ratio of the disc section to the diameter and determine the vibration calculation of a thin plate or the vibration calculation of a medium plate, and the disc section obtains the displacement function and the stress function according to the vibration theory of the plate;
c. determining boundary conditions at the workpiece joint:
if the amplitude transformer is in quarter wavelength, the left end of the amplitude transformer meets the condition that the displacement function is zero, the right end of the circular tube-shaped section is in a free state, the stress function is zero, and the joints of the amplitude transformer, the circular disc section and the circular tube section are in vibration coupling to meet the conditions that the displacement is equal and the force is equal; if the disc section belongs to a medium plate, the boundary states of the radial corner, the shearing force and the bending moment of the circular plate need to be considered;
d. establishing an overall frequency equation of the amplitude transformer:
through the determined boundary conditions, the displacement function and the stress function of each section are combined and integrated to obtain the integral frequency equation of the amplitude transformer;
e. determining parameters of an elliptical vibration grinding system:
the parameters required to determine the elliptical vibration grinding system according to the use requirements include: the density, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, shear modulus and sound velocity of the materials of the amplitude transformer and the cup-shaped grinding tool, the diameters of two ends of the amplitude transformer, the inner diameter, the outer diameter, the height and the bottom thickness of the cup-shaped grinding tool, and the design frequency and the resonant frequency of the transducer are determined according to actual requirements;
f. calculating the length of the amplitude transformer and carrying out optimization design:
and if the difference between the designed frequency and the amplitude transformer formed by the amplitude transformer and the cup-shaped grinding tool is too much, the designed frequency is changed within the use requirement and the frequency regulation range of the ultrasonic generator so as to obtain a better design effect.
The cup-shaped grinding tool resonates independently at a resonant frequency different from that of a vibration system, the difficulty of full resonance and same frequency of a workpiece under a traditional design method is avoided, and the cup-shaped grinding tool is cup-shaped or bowl-shaped and is a grinding tool with bending vibration of a disc section and longitudinal vibration of a circular pipe section.
The single longitudinal vibration type transducer generates mechanical vibration with a certain frequency, the mechanical vibration is transmitted and amplified through the amplitude transformer, bending vibration of the disc section and longitudinal vibration of the disc section are formed, the bending vibration and the longitudinal vibration of the disc section are coupled to show an elliptic vibration track which is specific to the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool, and the vibration mode is different from that of vibration in multiple directions to form elliptic vibration, and the elliptic motion of abrasive particles is formed through the coupling of vibration modes.
The elliptical motion trail is obtained by coupling longitudinal and radial vibration, the longitudinal and radial amplitude ratio can be changed by changing the diameter and height of the cup-shaped grinding tool, so that elliptical motion trails with different shapes are obtained, the simple linear motion of a single abrasive particle in a common grinding state can be changed in an ultrasonic elliptical vibration mode, the interference degree of the grinding trail and the separation time of the abrasive particle and a workpiece are increased, the effective abrasive particle number of the grinding wheel is increased, the circulation of grinding liquid is promoted, the grinding force and the grinding heat of the single abrasive particle are reduced to a certain extent, the width of a grinding mark is increased in unit time, the grinding volume is increased, and the material removal rate is improved.
By establishing the dynamic equations of the amplitude transformer, the disc section and the circular pipe section and then coupling the three dynamic equations into the integral frequency equation of the amplitude transformer by utilizing boundary conditions, the method is suitable for some special occasions, such as large mass and volume of a workpiece or a cutter, the material, structure, size and the like of the workpiece or the cutter are determined by the use requirements of the workpiece or the cutter, and the workpiece or the cutter cannot be designed according to the system resonance frequency.
The dynamic equation of the amplitude transformer, namely a displacement function and a stress function, is changed according to the shape of the amplitude transformer, and the dynamic equation of the disc section is also changed according to the vibration calculation of the disc according to the thin disc or the medium-thick disc; the boundary condition is the key of the coupling of a dynamic equation, the expressions of the boundary condition are different under different vibration conditions and geometric dimensions, and the corresponding boundary condition is determined according to the actual condition during design.
The overall frequency equation of the amplitude transformer comprises the geometric dimensions of the amplitude transformer and the cup-shaped grinding tool, and the length of the amplitude transformer or a certain dimension of the cup-shaped grinding tool is taken as a solving variable during design so as to meet different design requirements; the transducer is directly connected with the amplitude transformer through a prestressed bolt to form an integrated structure; or a front cover plate is added according to the traditional transducer and is connected with the amplitude transformer, the number of the transducers can be two or four, and the resonant frequency of the transducers is the same as the design frequency of the amplitude transformer, so that the grinding system has a good vibration state.
The cup-shaped grinding tool is matched with the stud at the tail end of the amplitude transformer through the nut, the effect of fixedly connecting the amplitude transformer is achieved, abrasive grains of different sizes and different types can be electroplated at the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool according to processing requirements, the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool can be hollowed out, the load of the amplitude transformer is reduced, symmetrically distributed grooves can be formed in the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool, and the circulation performance of grinding fluid is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made by the technical spirit of the present invention to the above embodiments still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device comprises a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a cup-shaped grinding tool, and is characterized in that: the energy converter, the amplitude transformer and the cup-shaped grinding tool are connected together through a prestressed bolt and a nut, the pretightening force required by the bolt needs to be accurately calculated during actual assembly, and abrasive particles are coated at the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool according to actual processing requirements to form a circumferential abrasive layer; the transducer converts an electric signal provided by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration transmitted longitudinally, and transmits sound waves of longitudinal vibration to the cup-shaped grinding tool through the transmission action of the amplitude transformer, the cup-shaped grinding tool is divided into a disc section and a circular tube section, the amplitude transformer is excited by longitudinal vibration to enable the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool to vibrate in a pitch circle mode of transverse bending and to be coupled to form longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section, compounding of three different vibration modes of longitudinal-bending-longitudinal is achieved, the composite vibration of longitudinal vibration and radial vibration is coupled at the tail end of the circular tube section through the bending vibration of the disc section and the longitudinal vibration of the circular tube section, and in a longitudinal radial plane, the longitudinal vibration and the radial vibration are coupled to form an elliptical vibration track, namely, abrasive particles participating in grinding process move periodically in the elliptical vibration track.
2. The ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding apparatus as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the transducer is directly connected with the amplitude transformer through a prestressed bolt to form an integrated structure; or a front cover plate is added to the transducer and is connected with the amplitude transformer.
3. The ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding apparatus as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the transducers are two or four, and the resonant frequency of the transducers is the same as the design frequency of the amplitude transformer, so that a good vibration state of the grinding system can be realized.
4. The ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding apparatus as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the cup-shaped grinding tool is matched with a stud at the tail end of the amplitude transformer through a nut to achieve the effect of fixedly connecting with the amplitude transformer, abrasive grains of different sizes and different types are electroplated at the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool according to processing requirements, the disc section of the cup-shaped grinding tool can be hollowed out to reduce the load of the amplitude transformer, symmetrically distributed grooves can be formed in the tail end of the cup-shaped grinding tool, and the circulation performance of grinding fluid is improved.
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| CN201920709273.1U CN210115748U (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110202425A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-06 | 河南理工大学 | Ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110202425A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-06 | 河南理工大学 | Ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method and device |
| CN110202425B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2024-05-07 | 河南理工大学 | Ultrasonic single-excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method and device |
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