CN210109001U

CN210109001U - Displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device

Info

Publication number: CN210109001U
Application number: CN201920894579.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宁铎; 蔡陈赟; 黄建兵
Original assignee: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-06-14
Filing date: 2019-06-14
Publication date: 2020-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-14

Abstract

The utility model discloses a displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device, which comprises a sample hung on a sample hanging frame through an upper hook, a lower hook arranged at the lower end of the sample, a linkage rod longitudinally arranged at the lower end of the lower hook extending out of a heating cup, and a mark arranged at the end part of the linkage rod; one side of the mark is provided with a camera and a light source which face the mark; a heater and a temperature sensor are also arranged in the heating cup; after the sample is immersed in the heating medium, the heating medium is heated at a constant speed, the change value of the mark displacement along with the temperature is recorded until the mark displacement stops, the temperature of the main node of the sample which is heated to start shrinking, quickly shrinking and stop shrinking is obtained, and the shrinking temperature of the flexible material is measured. The friction force of the sample displacement transmission mechanism in the device is one tenth or less of the standard specified constant tension force, so that the accuracy and the confidence of the detected shrinkage temperature data are effectively improved.

Description

Displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the temperature stability of flexible material structure detects, a displacement extraction type leather shrinkage temperature measurement device is related to.

Background

The contraction temperature is an important physical parameter detection item of materials with flexible characteristics in the aspects of mechanical properties, such as leather in the chemical field and heart valves in the biological engineering field, rubber and other materials characterized by collagen, and specifically refers to the environmental temperature corresponding to the moment when a flexible material sample starts to contract and deform under the influence of damp and heat in the continuous uniform heating process, which is the external reaction expression of damp and heat and breakage of chemical bonds in the internal structure of the flexible material, so that the contraction temperature belongs to the inherent characteristics of the flexible material. By accurately detecting the shrinkage temperature, the kneading condition and the heat-humidity stability of the flexible material are directly reflected, data support is provided for determining chemical materials and environmental conditions in a kneading process, and guidance is provided for further processing and manufacturing flexible material products or selecting purposes, so that the method has great practical value for accurately and conveniently detecting the shrinkage temperature of the flexible material sample.

At present, before the shrinkage temperature of the flexible material is detected, a sample with a certain size is prepared from the detected material according to standard requirements, and the size of the sample is smaller, such as 50 x 3mm prepared from leather²The sample of (1); and then fixing the flexible material and placing the flexible material in a heating container, wherein the environment temperature of the flexible material when the flexible material is heated to shrink and deform is the shrinkage temperature of the material. Such as national relevant standards: the lower end of the leather sample is fixed in the process of measuring the shrinkage temperature of the QB/T2613-1905 leather physical and mechanical tests, and the upper end of the leather sample is led out of the deformation detection device through a flexible material. The flexible material stretching temperature detection process needs to ensure that the sample is carried out under the action of constant tension, the constant tension during detection is embodied in corresponding standards according to the difference of numerical values of different materials of the flexible material, and the constant tension is 3 g as specified by leather. The smaller the constant tension error during the detection, the better. However, at present, a plurality of instruments for detecting the stretching temperature of the flexible material cannot well realize the constant tension detection condition, and the accuracy and authority of the detection result are influenced due to large tension error(ii) a The MSW-YD4 type contraction temperature measuring instrument has linear Hall sensor to detect contraction deformation displacement in the space outside the heating medium, and has the lower end fixed to the tested sample and the upper end with hanging hook, magnetic cylinder in the upper end of the hook and the fixed Hall sensor interact magnetically to measure, and the three-gram constant tension condition and the reset function are realized with small spring force coefficient spring.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a technical problem lie in providing a displacement extraction type leather shrinkage temperature survey device, can the big problem of tension error in the effectual solution flexible material testing process to accuracy and authority for improving the detected data provide technical support.

The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:

a displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device comprises a sample hanging frame, wherein the upper end of the sample hanging frame is provided with an upper fixing piece, and a heating cup for installing a heating medium is arranged below the upper fixing piece; a sample below the liquid level of the heating medium is fixed on the upper fixing piece, a lower fixing piece is arranged at the lower end of the sample, an L-shaped linkage rod extending out of the upper end of the heating cup is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower fixing piece, a mark is connected to the end of the linkage rod, and a slide fixedly connected to the sample hanging frame is sleeved on the linkage rod; one side of the mark is provided with a camera and a light source which are positioned outside the heating cup and face the mark; a heater and a temperature sensor which are fixedly connected to the sample hanging frame and extend into the heating cup are also arranged above the heating cup; the lower end of the heating cup is provided with a top column, and the top column is connected with a linear motor for driving the top column to move longitudinally.

Furthermore, a background plate which is positioned outside the heating cup and is longitudinally arranged is arranged on the other side of the mark.

Further, the lower fixing piece is a lower hook, a sliding hole plate is horizontally arranged in the heating cup, the lower hook and the linkage rod penetrate through the sliding hole plate, and the distance between the sliding holes of the linkage rod penetrating through the sliding hole plate is smaller than the distance between the sliding holes of the lower hook penetrating through the sliding hole plate; the slip plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Further, the lower end of the lower hook is hung with a balance weight, the balance weight is connected with a linkage rod through a buckle, and the linkage rod is made of an antirust material.

Furthermore, the outer sides of the linkage rod and the balance weight are provided with L-shaped reticular protective covers and fixed at the lower end of the heat insulation plate, and the slide hole plate is arranged in the protective covers.

Furthermore, the upper fixing part is an upper hook, a plurality of upper hooks are transversely arranged at the upper end of the sample hanging frame, and the lower hooks are longitudinally in one-to-one correspondence with the upper hooks.

Furthermore, an opening at the upper end of the heating cup is covered with a heat insulation plate, the background plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the heat insulation plate, and the upper hook, the temperature sensor and the heater are fixedly connected to the lower end of the heat insulation plate.

Furthermore, a tray is arranged at the upper end of the top column, and a positioning groove for positioning the heating cup is arranged on the tray.

Furthermore, the heater is of an L + U-shaped structure, and heating wires of the heater are distributed on the horizontal U-shaped part and are always in a light-load working state.

Furthermore, an operation panel is arranged on the sample hanging frame, a display screen used for displaying the mark displacement change acquired by the camera and corresponding real-time temperature information is further arranged on the operation panel, and an ascending inching switch and a descending inching switch for controlling the linear motor, a starting switch for detecting the start and a power switch are further arranged on the operation panel.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following profitable technological effect has:

the utility model provides a pair of displacement extraction type leather shrinkage temperature survey device reduces the frictional force of moving part below 0.3 gram for the first time through the mechanical transmission mechanism who sets up specially, has guaranteed the accuracy and the authority of testing data from effective solution in the engineering is used. The method comprises the following steps of firstly preparing two groups of samples in the directions perpendicular to each other, then connecting the samples to an upper fixing piece and a lower fixing piece, moving a heating cup upwards to immerse the samples into a heating medium, heating the heating medium, moving a linkage rod connected with the lower fixing piece upwards to drive a mark to move upwards to generate displacement when the samples shrink and deform, and recording real-time temperatures corresponding to different displacement amounts until the mark does not displace; recording the temperatures at the positions of the starting displacement, the rapid displacement and the stopping displacement nodes of the marks, thereby obtaining a change curve of the deformation of the sample along with the temperature and the temperatures at the positions of the starting deformation, the rapid deformation and the stopping deformation nodes of the sample, and completing the measurement of the shrinkage temperature; because the gravity type natural counterweight method of the lower fixing piece, the linkage rod and the like is adopted to complete the function of stretching the sample, and the constant tension error generated by the mechanical linkage transmission mechanism of the sign is only 10 percent or less, the accuracy of measuring the shrinkage temperature is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view showing a structure of a detecting part of the apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the analysis and calculation of the frictional force in the displacement pull-out type transmission mechanism;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the upper and lower hooks of the slide hole plate and the slide hole of the linkage rod on the slide hole plate;

FIG. 5 is an image information acquired by the present apparatus;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present apparatus for detecting a displacement signal in image information.

The device comprises a sample hanging frame 1, a heating cup 2, an upper hook 3, a lower hook 4, a heating medium 5, a mark 6, a heater 7, a temperature sensor 8, a camera 9, a light source 10, a top column 11, a tray 12, a base 13, a sample 14, a background plate 15, a balance weight 16, a linkage rod 17, a slideway 18, a hole sliding plate 19, a protective cover 20, a thermal insulation plate 21, an operation panel 22, a display screen 23, a rising inching switch 24, a falling inching switch 25, a starting switch 26 and a power switch 27.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

Specific examples are given below.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, a displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device, the value of constant tension required for leather measurement is gravity formed by three grams of weight, the device comprises a sample hanging frame 1 provided with an upper fixed part upper hook 3 at the upper end, and a heating cup 2 used for installing a heating medium 5 is arranged below the upper hook 3; specifically, a base 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the sample hanging frame 1, a top column 11 is arranged on the base 13, a tray 12 is arranged at the upper end of the top column 11, the heating cup 2 is arranged at the upper end of the tray 12, a positioning groove for positioning the heating cup 2 is arranged on the tray 12, so that the heating cup 2 is stably placed at a set position of the tray 12, the top column 11 is connected with a linear motor for driving the top column 11 to move longitudinally, and the linear motor is arranged in the base 13; the linear motor is started by manually operating the ascending inching switch 24 and the descending inching switch 25 to drive the top column 11 to drive the heating cup 2 at the upper end of the tray 12 to longitudinally move so as to realize the ascending and descending motion.

In addition, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a sample 14 below the liquid level of the heating medium 5 is hung on the upper hook 3, and a lower fixing piece lower hook 4 is arranged at the lower end of the sample 14, wherein the sample 14 is dumbbell-shaped, so that the sample 14 can be conveniently fixed by the upper hook 3 and the lower hook 4, and the situation that the sample 14 cannot be effectively fixed and measured due to the tearing of the upper hook 3 and the lower hook 4 at the joint of the sample 14 in the shrinkage temperature measurement process is avoided; specifically, a 2mm hanging hole is arranged at the center of a circle with the diameter of 6mm at two ends of the sample 14. The upper end of the sample hanging frame 1 is transversely provided with a plurality of upper hooks 3, and the lower hooks 4 are in one-to-one correspondence with the upper hooks 3 in the longitudinal direction. Thereby, the shrinkage temperatures of the plurality of samples 14 can be measured simultaneously.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the lower hook 4 is connected with an L-shaped linkage rod 17 extending out of the upper end of the heating cup 2 through a transversely arranged buckle; the end part of the linkage rod 17 is connected with a mark 6, a slideway 18 fixedly connected with the sample hanging frame 1 is sleeved on the linkage rod 17, and the mark 6 on the linkage rod 17 moves upwards when the flexible material contracts and deforms; the slide way 18 prevents the upper end of the linkage rod 17 from transversely swinging, and ensures that the mark 6 at the upper end of the linkage rod 17 is always stably positioned in the visual field of the camera 9 and moves up and down; the linkage rod 17 is a titanium rod, the diameter of the titanium rod is 200 mm in total length in a common situation, and the horizontal section is 25-30mm, so that the linkage rod can realize three grams of downward tension on the test sample 14 only by the weight of the titanium rod. Before the shrinkage, the difference between the gravity of the titanium rod and the lower hook 4 and the buoyancy of the titanium rod and the lower hook 4 in the heating medium 5 is a gravity value of three grams. But the gravity centers of the titanium rod and the lower hook 4 are not right below the sample 14, as shown in fig. 1, in the practical setting of realizing the constant tension condition according to the above principle, the sample 14 and the linkage rod 17 are required to be in the vertical state at the same time to ensure the normal operation, the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 do not have the friction problem when moving in the slide way 18 with loose fit, however, the gravity center of the linkage rod 17 is not right below the sample 14, which results in the formation of torque at the connection part of the linkage rod 17 and the lower hook 4, namely, the total weight Mg of the titanium rod and the lower hook 4 at the equivalent gravity center a point is balanced with the lower hook 4 through the three-gram upward tension Z of the sample 14, and then the components f1, f2 and f3 in the horizontal direction are formed, and the pressure of the f2 and f3 on the side walls of the linkage rod 17 and the slide hole plate 19 and the slide way 18 can still generate the friction when the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 move in the slide hole plate 19 and the, the friction is still greater than 0.3 g, so how to reduce f2 and f3 as much as possible becomes the key to reducing the friction, and simultaneously, reducing the weight of the linkage rod 17 and shortening the distance from the lower hook 4 becomes two effective ways to effectively solve the problem. Therefore, the principle of further optimization is to move the point a to the right, specifically, the point a is moved to the right by the measure of adding the balance weight 16 through the lower hook 4 under the test sample 14 while further reducing the weight of the titanium rod by reducing the diameter thereof. If the diameter of the set titanium rod is 1.2 mm and the length is 200 mm, the weight of the titanium rod is only one gram, and then the balance weight 16 is hung under the lower hook 4 to realize the condition of constant tension of 14 grams of the sample together, actually, the method of combining the press button and the balance weight 16 into a whole is adopted, and the press button made of copper is also used as a part of the balance weight 16. The difference between the total weight of the titanium rod and the balance weight 16 and the buoyancy of the titanium rod and the balance weight 16 in the heating medium 5 before the contraction is performed is three grams; in addition, the distance between the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 needs to be reduced as much as possible, however, in the actual detection process, the only manual operation is that holes made at two ends of the sample 14 are penetrated on the upper hook 3 and the lower hook 4 in a manual operation mode, so that the too close distance not only influences the basic operation of fixing the sample 14, but also can cause bending deformation by touching the linkage rod 17 during operation, so that the contraction deformation cannot be normally and smoothly transmitted out to cause instrument failure, and therefore, the distance between the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 is selected to be 12 mm through tests and comprehensive consideration. According to the two methods, the downward tension center of gravity of the leather is further lowered and is positioned below the sample 14 and close to the position right below the sample 14, and meanwhile, the horizontal component force of the buckling part and the friction force between the titanium rod and the sliding hole can be reduced. The friction force is effectively controlled within a numerical range not greater than 0.26 g, so that the flexible material is closer to a constant tension condition of three g in the measuring process, and the measuring accuracy can be improved.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, in order to improve the displacement detection accuracy of the marker 6, the smaller the sampling field of view in the sampling process of the camera 9, the higher the accuracy; the mark 6 is attached to the linkage rod 17, and the lower hooks 4 connected with the linkage rod 17 are required to meet a certain distance between the lower hooks 4 in order to manually hang the sample 14; meanwhile, under the condition of detecting a plurality of samples 14 at one time, a plurality of marks 6 exist, and the sampling visual field of the camera 9 is required to be large enough to ensure that the marks 6 are in the visual field at the same time. In order to effectively solve the contradiction, a front row of sliding holes and a rear row of sliding holes are arranged on the sliding hole plate 19, the distance between the sliding holes through which the lower hook 4 in the front row penetrates is 10 mm, and the distance between the sliding holes through which the linkage rod 17 in the rear row penetrates is 5 mm. Through the special design that the horizontal section of the linkage rod 17 inclines towards the center of the slide hole plate 19, the distance between the lower hooks 4 is larger than the distance between the linkage rods 17, so that the mark 6 is more compactly displayed in the sampling visual field of the camera 9, thereby being convenient for hanging the sample 14 and ensuring that the mark 6 is in the visual field range of the camera 9.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in order to avoid the user from accidentally touching or even colliding with the linkage rod 17 to deform or damage the linkage rod when fixing the test sample 14, especially because the above-mentioned approach of reducing the diameter of the titanium rod further weakens the mechanical strength to make the problem more prominent, thereby possibly causing serious consequences that the whole machine cannot be used. Therefore, optimally, a stainless steel mesh-shaped protective cover 20 is arranged on the outer sides of the linkage rod 17 and the balance weight 16, so that the safety of the linkage rod 17 in use is guaranteed. In addition, a sliding hole plate 19 is horizontally arranged in the protective cover 20, the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 penetrate through the sliding hole plate 19, and in order to prevent the device from rusting for a period of time, the sliding hole plate 19 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials. As shown in fig. 1, a camera 9 and an annular light source 10 facing the sign 6 are arranged on one side of the sign 6 outside the heating cup 2, and the light source 10 is the annular light source 10 surrounding the camera 9; the light source 10 provides stable illumination for the camera 9 to photograph the sign 6 in the enclosed space. In addition, the color of the background plate 15 longitudinally arranged on the other side of the mark 6 outside the heating cup 2 and the color of the mark 6 are set to be large contrast colors, such as a white background plate 15 and a black mark 6, so that the background of the picture shot by the camera 9 is single, and the image signal acquisition and processing are convenient when the displacement of the mark 6 is observed to change. A heater 7 and a temperature sensor 8 which are fixedly connected to the sample hanging frame 1 and extend into the heating cup 2 are also arranged above the heating cup 2; specifically, the upper end of the sample hanging frame 1 is connected with a heat insulation plate 21 arranged at an opening of the heating cup 2, the upper hook 3, the temperature sensor 8 and the heater 7 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the heat insulation plate 21, and the model of the temperature sensor 8 is PT 1000. The heater 7 selects an L + U-shaped heating rod, wherein the vertical part is not provided with an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is arranged on the horizontally distributed U-shaped part, so that the heated medium 5 in the heating cup 2 is ensured to be only heated by the U-shaped heating rod at the bottom, and the uniformity of the temperature space distribution of the heating medium 5 under the condition of no stirrer is ensured; meanwhile, the method of setting the heating wire to work in a light load state all the time can effectively prolong the service life of the heating wire, and becomes an effective measure for prolonging the service life of the instrument. The sample 14 is positioned right above the U-shaped space, so that the heating media 5 on two sides of the sample 14 are uniformly heated, and the detection condition that the temperature difference between two ends of the sample 14 is less than 1 ℃ is ensured under the state of no need of a stirrer; the heating rod ensures that the heating medium 5 is heated at a constant speed of 2 ℃/min; the temperature sensor 8 and the camera 9 are both connected with the single chip microcomputer, the camera 9 distinguishes shrinkage deformation, the temperature sensor 8 senses the temperature at the moment and records the temperature through the single chip microcomputer, and finally a curve graph of deformation of the sample 14 along with temperature change is output. The arrangement of the heat insulation plate 21 prevents the heat rising in the heating cup 2 from being transferred into the detection box right above, and further causes the internal environment temperature fluctuation to influence the normal operation of the devices such as the camera 9 and the like arranged therein.

In addition, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the lower end of the rack 1 is provided with an operation panel 22, and the operation panel 22 is provided with a display screen 23 for displaying displacement information obtained by the camera 9, that is, information of the deformation of the sample 14 along with the temperature change; finally, a curve graph of deformation of the samples 14 along with temperature change is output, and deformation quantity of each sample 14, a change curve of the ambient temperature along with time and data of key nodes are displayed, so that experimenters can observe and know detection progress states, relevant data and the like at any time; the operation panel 22 is also provided with an ascending inching switch 24 and a descending inching switch 25 for controlling the linear motor, a starting switch 26 for starting detection and a power switch 27 at the back of the instrument; the lifting switch adopts a point-moving structure to prevent the phenomenon that the lifting switch can be timely found out to avoid damage once the lifting switch is touched with a falling part due to reasons such as inaccurate position of the heating cup 2 manually placed in the period.

As shown in fig. 5, the camera 9 can acquire image information of the four markers 6.

As shown in fig. 6, the M frame image and the M +1 frame image are captured by the camera 9, and the pixel sizes of the images are all 480 × 640, that is, each image can be divided into 480 columns and 640 rows according to the pixels; the marks 6 are located in the N +2 th row, when the temperature reaches the temperature at which a part of the samples 14 in the samples 14 shrink, for example, the second sample 14 starts to shrink upwards in the M +1 frame, and the linkage rod 17 slides upwards at the same time to enable the position of the corresponding mark 6 to rise to the N +1 row, so that it can be determined that the sample 14 starts to shrink at the moment and the specific displacement data is the distance corresponding to one pixel; the temperature corresponding to the displacement generated at a certain moment can be automatically determined to be the shrinkage temperature of the second sample 14 according to the definition of the shrinkage temperature, and data locking and window display are carried out at the same time; by analogy, the shrinkage temperature of the other samples 14 can likewise be determined. To improve the accuracy of the shrinkage temperature measurement, use is made of a material having a higher shrinkage temperatureThe displacement of the observed shrinkage deformation will be more accurate and the accuracy of the finally determined shrinkage temperature will be higher for the camera 9 of the pixel. For example, if the pixel of each frame image is 960 × 1280, the visual field range of the camera 9 is 25 × 25mm²Then, one pixel or line pitch represents that the actual length is 0.02mm, which is the accuracy of displacement detection.

For a test condition in which the sample 14 is always under a constant tension of 3 grams during the inspection process, it is generally allowable if the error can be controlled within 10% (i.e., 0.3 grams) in practical applications. For any other device adopting the structure of the leading-out type displacement sensor, the friction force in a displacement signal transmission mechanism is far greater than 0.3 g, generally 2-3 g, and the device effectively reduces the friction force to be below 0.3 g through scientific and reasonable special arrangement, thereby providing powerful technical support for improving the detection precision and the confidence force thereof. The technical measures are as follows:

1. the constant tension condition in the detection process is realized by fixing the upper end of a sample 14 and using a balance weight 16 at the lower end, wherein the constant tension applied to the sample 14 is obtained by subtracting the buoyancy of the lower hook 4, the pressing buckle and the linkage rod 17 from the weight of the lower hook 4, the pressing buckle and the linkage rod 17 in the heating medium 5, and the difference value is three grams;

2. when the constant tension effect on the sample 14 is met under an ideal state, the sample 14 and the linkage rod 17 are required to be in a vertical state, the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 do not have a friction force problem when moving in a loosely matched slide hole, however, the gravity directions of the upper hook 4 and the lower hook 17 and the linkage rod 17 are not in the same straight line in practice, so that the linkage rod 17 forms a non-vertical torque on the lower hook 4, the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 have pressure on the inner wall of the slide hole, and further the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 have friction force with the inner wall of the slide hole when moving in the slide hole, the device reduces the weight of the linkage rod 17 as much as possible and shortens the distance between the lower hook 4 through optimization, and the specific measures are as follows:

1) the titanium rod with small specific gravity, high mechanical strength and rust resistance is used as the linkage rod 17, the titanium rod with the diameter of 1.2 mm and the length of 200 mm is used as the linkage rod 17, the mechanical strength completely meets the requirement, the weight of the titanium rod is only 1 g, the tension required by the sample 14 is arranged under the lower hook 4 in a copper pressing buckle mode and is applied to the lower end of the sample 14 as direct vertical tension more than 2 g without horizontal component force, so that the pressure of the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 on the inner wall of the slide hole is greatly reduced, and the friction force between the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 and the inner wall of the slide hole when the lower hook 4 and the linkage rod 17 move in the slide hole is greatly reduced;

2) theoretically, the smaller the distance between the upper hook 4 and the lower hook 17 is, the better the distance is, but in the actual detection process, the two ends of the sample 14 need to be fixed on the upper hook 3 and the lower hook 4 in a manual operation mode, so that the too close distance not only affects the basic operation of fixing the sample 14, but also can cause the problem that the contraction deformation cannot be normally and smoothly transmitted out due to the fact that the linkage rod 17 is accidentally touched to cause bending deformation of the sample, and the instrument fault is caused. By experiment and comprehensive consideration, it is appropriate to select the distance between the two to be 12 mm.

After the special arrangement of the two aspects is adopted, no matter the theoretical calculation or the corresponding prototype test result, the friction force of the transmission mechanism led out by the shrinkage deformation is less than 0.26 g and is one order of magnitude smaller than 3 g constant tension, and the precision requirement in the actual detection engineering is met.

In addition, in order to match the overall effect of the two measures, the following three special settings are also adopted:

A. in order to improve the service life and reliability of the instrument, the L-shaped protective cover 20 is specially arranged to protect the linkage rod 17, the balance weight 16 and other parts which can be contacted when only manual sample fixing is carried out in the detection process, and the mesh shape arranged on the protective cover 20 is convenient for discharging glycerol in the glycerol heating medium 5 as soon as possible when the glycerol heating medium 5 is withdrawn from the heating cup 2.

B. In order to improve the detection precision of the displacement of the mark 6, the smaller the visual field is, the higher the precision is when the same camera 9 is used; in the case of simultaneous detection of a plurality of test specimens 14 at a time, the more the distance between the test specimens 14 suspended in a horizontal plane, the better. In order to effectively solve the contradiction, the structure that the horizontal section at the lower end of the linkage rod 17 is inclined in the horizontal direction is designed to respectively meet the requirement that a plurality of samples 14 can be detected at one time under the condition of certain visual field size. Therefore, two rows of sliding holes are arranged on the sliding hole plate 19, the distance between the sliding holes through which the front row of lower hooks 4 penetrate is 10 mm, and the distance between the sliding holes through which the rear row of linkage rods 17 penetrate is 5 mm; of course, the upper hook 3 and the lower hook 4 correspond to the slide holes to ensure that the sample 14 and the linkage rod 17 are always in a vertical state.

C. A heat insulation plate 21 is arranged right above the heating cup 2, so that heat rising in the heating cup 2 in the heating process is prevented from being transmitted into a detection box connected with the camera 9, and the internal temperature fluctuation of the detection box is caused to influence the normal work of devices such as the camera 9 and the like arranged at the position.

Claims

1. A displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device is characterized by comprising a sample hanging frame (1) with an upper fixing piece at the upper end, wherein a heating cup (2) for installing a heating medium (5) is arranged below the upper fixing piece; a sample (14) below the liquid level of the heating medium (5) is fixed on the upper fixing piece, a lower fixing piece is arranged at the lower end of the sample (14), an L-shaped linkage rod (17) extending out of the upper end of the heating cup (2) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower fixing piece, a mark (6) is connected to the end part of the linkage rod (17), and a slide way (18) fixedly connected to the sample hanging frame (1) is sleeved on the linkage rod (17); a camera (9) and a light source (10) which are positioned outside the heating cup (2) and face the sign (6) are arranged on one side of the sign (6); a heater (7) and a temperature sensor (8) which are fixedly connected to the sample hanging frame (1) and extend into the heating cup (2) are also arranged above the heating cup (2); the lower end of the heating cup (2) is provided with a top column (11), and the top column (11) is connected with a linear motor for driving the top column (11) to move longitudinally.

2. The leather shrinkage temperature measuring device of claim 1, wherein the other side of the mark (6) is provided with a background plate (15) which is located outside the heating cup (2) and is arranged longitudinally.

3. The displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device is characterized in that the lower fixing piece is a lower hook (4), a sliding hole plate (19) is further horizontally arranged in the heating cup (2), the lower hook (4) and the linkage rod (17) penetrate through the sliding hole plate (19), and the distance between the sliding holes of the linkage rod (17) penetrating through the sliding hole plate (19) is smaller than the distance between the sliding holes of the lower hook (4) penetrating through the sliding hole plate (19); the sliding hole plate (19), the sliding hole plate (19) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

4. The device for measuring the shrinkage temperature of the leather in the displacement leading-out type according to the claim 3 is characterized in that a balance weight (16) is hung at the lower end of the lower hook (4), the balance weight (16) is connected with a linkage rod (17) through a buckle, and the linkage rod (17) is made of an antirust material.

5. The device for measuring the leather shrinkage temperature of the displacement leading-out type according to the claim 4, characterized in that the linkage rod (17) and the balance weight (16) are provided with L-shaped net-shaped protective covers (20) at the outer sides and fixed at the lower ends of the heat insulation plates (21), and the slide hole plates (19) are arranged in the protective covers (20).

6. The device for measuring the leather shrinkage temperature of the displacement leading-out type according to the claim 1, characterized in that the upper fixing part is an upper hook (3), a plurality of upper hooks (3) are transversely arranged at the upper end of the sample hanging frame (1), and the lower hooks (4) are in one-to-one correspondence with the upper hooks (3) in the longitudinal direction.

7. The displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an opening at the upper end of the heating cup (2) is covered with a heat insulation board (21), the background board (15) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the heat insulation board (21), and the upper hook (3), the temperature sensor (8) and the heater (7) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the heat insulation board (21).

8. The leather shrinkage temperature measuring device of claim 1, wherein a tray (12) is provided at an upper end of the top pillar (11), and a positioning groove for positioning the heating cup (2) is provided on the tray (12).

9. The device for measuring the leather shrinkage temperature of the displacement leading-out type according to the claim 1, characterized in that the heater (7) is of an L + U-shaped structure, and the electric heating wires of the heater (7) are distributed on the horizontal U-shaped part and are always in a light load working state.

10. The displacement leading-out type leather shrinkage temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that an operation panel (22) is arranged on the sample hanging rack (1), a display screen (23) used for displaying the displacement change of the mark (6) obtained by the camera (9) and corresponding real-time temperature information is further arranged on the operation panel (22), and an ascending inching switch (24) and a descending inching switch (25) for controlling the linear motor, a starting switch (26) for detecting the start and a power switch (27) are further arranged on the operation panel (22).