CN210106000U - Combined eccentric shaft and variable compression ratio engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a combined eccentric shaft and variable compression ratio engine, the combined eccentric shaft of the utility model comprises a mandrel, and a core shaft sleeve and an eccentric wheel which are alternately arranged and sleeved on the mandrel, wherein the core shaft sleeve and the eccentric wheel are configured to have axial movement relative to the mandrel and forbid relative rotation of the mandrel; the limiting device comprises a core shaft, a limiting flange, an elastic piece and a limiting piece, wherein the core shaft is arranged at one end of the core shaft in a sleeved mode, the elastic piece is arranged at the other end of the core shaft, the limiting piece abuts against one side of the elastic piece, the limiting flange is arranged in a positioning mode relative to the axial direction of the core shaft and is forbidden to rotate relative to the core shaft, the limiting piece is arranged on the core shaft in a positioning mode relative to the end portion, close to the core shaft, of the elastic piece, and the elastic piece is arranged to enable the limiting flange. The utility model discloses a combination formula eccentric shaft can reduce the processing degree of difficulty and manufacturing cost, the processing and the assembly precision that improve the eccentric shaft of eccentric shaft to can be convenient for realize the assembly of eccentric shaft structure.

Description

Combined eccentric shaft and variable compression ratio engine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a compress and press variable engine technical field, in particular to modular eccentric shaft. The utility model discloses still relate to an adoption has the variable compression ratio engine of this combination formula eccentric shaft.

Background

When the engine actually works, the working conditions of the engine are changed, the engine has urban working conditions and suburban working conditions, and has large load and small load, and if the same compression ratio is adopted under different working conditions, the problems of low fuel efficiency, poor fuel economy, high emission, low output power and the like of the engine are caused. The crank-connecting rod mechanism is one of two major mechanisms of an engine, the working principle of the crank-connecting rod mechanism is to convert the reciprocating motion of a piston into the rotating motion of a crankshaft, and the compression ratio of the engine is also fixed and unchanged due to the non-adjustability of the crank-connecting rod mechanism in the conventional engine. With the continuous development of the variable compression ratio technology, the adjustment forms of the variable compression ratio are more and more diversified, but in a plurality of adjustment structures, the eccentric shaft plays an extremely important role.

For the existing eccentric shaft applied to the variable compression ratio mechanism, the eccentric shaft is generally of an integral structure, has higher requirement on processing precision and high cost, is easy to have processing and assembling errors to influence the adjustment precision of the compression ratio, and has the problem of larger gap at a bearing after the existing integral eccentric shaft is assembled, thereby influencing the adjustment precision of the compression ratio and possibly causing the NVH problem of an engine

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, the present invention is directed to provide a method for overcoming at least some of the disadvantages of the conventional integrated eccentric shaft structure, and facilitating the assembly of the eccentric shaft structure.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized like this:

a combined eccentric shaft comprising a mandrel, and core shaft sleeves and eccentric wheels alternately arranged in an axial direction of the mandrel and sleeved on the mandrel, wherein the eccentric wheels are arranged eccentrically to the mandrel, and the core shaft sleeves and the eccentric wheels are configured to have axial movement relative to the mandrel and to be inhibited from rotating relative to the mandrel; the combined eccentric shaft further comprises a limiting flange sleeved at one end of the mandrel, an elastic part arranged at the other end of the mandrel relative to the limiting flange, and a limiting part abutted to one side of the elastic part, wherein the limiting flange is axially positioned relative to the mandrel and is prohibited from rotating relative to the mandrel, the limiting part is positioned on the mandrel relative to the end part of the elastic part close to the mandrel, and the elastic part is set to enable the limiting flange, the mandrel sleeve and the eccentric wheel to abut together due to the fact that the elastic part has elastic pretightening force along the axial direction of the mandrel.

Furthermore, an external spline extending along the axial direction of the mandrel is formed on the peripheral surface of the mandrel, and the mandrel sleeve, the eccentric wheel and the limiting flange are sleeved on the mandrel through an internal spline formed on the mandrel sleeve.

Furthermore, a correspondingly arranged limiting groove is formed between the mandrel and the limiting flange, and the limiting flange is axially positioned relative to the mandrel through an elastic retainer ring arranged in the limiting groove.

Furthermore, the elastic element is a spring sleeved on the mandrel.

Further, the spring is a counter-top wave spring.

Furthermore, a clamping groove is formed in the mandrel corresponding to the limiting part, and the limiting part is a clamp spring clamped in the clamping groove.

Furthermore, a connecting part connected with an external driving device is constructed on the limiting flange.

Furthermore, a main oil duct extending along the axial direction of the mandrel is arranged in the mandrel, and oil outlet holes communicated with the main oil duct through the mandrel are formed in each mandrel sleeve and the eccentric wheel.

Furthermore, the core shaft sleeve is arranged close to the limiting flange and the elastic piece.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following advantage has:

(1) combined type eccentric shaft, through making the eccentric shaft be the integrated configuration who comprises dabber and eccentric wheel, compare in the eccentric shaft of current integrated configuration, can reduce the processing degree of difficulty and the manufacturing cost of eccentric shaft, utilize combined type eccentric shaft structure simultaneously, still can improve the processing and the assembly precision of eccentric shaft to a certain extent, promote the suitability of eccentric shaft, therefore also can improve the control accuracy when the eccentric shaft uses.

Furthermore, the utility model discloses a combination formula eccentric shaft structure is through adopting the suit and forbidding for dabber pivoted core axle sleeve and eccentric wheel to lead to the spacing flange at both ends and the spacing of locating part, and the elasticity of elastic component supports tightly, realizes with this that the eccentric wheel is fixed at the spindle, also can be fast convenient carry out the positioning of assembly between eccentric wheel and the dabber, thereby also can be convenient for realize the assembly of eccentric shaft structure.

(2) The mandrel is sleeved with the mandrel sleeve, the eccentric wheel and the limiting flange through a spline structure, so that the structure is simple, the assembly is easy, and the torque transmissibility is good.

(3) The limiting flange is axially positioned on the mandrel through the elastic retainer ring, and the limiting flange is simple in structure and easy to assemble.

(4) The elastic part adopts a spring, particularly an opposite-top wave spring, has simple structure and can obtain better elastic abutting effect.

(5) The limiting part adopts the snap spring, and simple structure easily assembles, and spacing effectual.

(6) Through setting up main oil gallery and oil outlet, can keep the good lubrication to the eccentric shaft structure to can improve the life of eccentric shaft.

(7) The limiting flange and the elastic piece are arranged close to the core shaft sleeve, so that the assembly of the eccentric wheel and the driving connecting rod structure can be facilitated.

Another object of the utility model is to provide a variable compression ratio engine, it is including installing the engine cylinder body of piston, bent axle and eccentric shaft, one end with the articulated continuous execution connecting rod of piston, one end with the eccentric shaft rotates the drive connecting rod of connecting, and rotates and locates bent epaxial both ends respectively with the execution connecting rod reaches the drive connecting rod rotates the continuous regulation connecting rod, just the eccentric shaft adopts more than the combination formula eccentric shaft, the dabber orders about the rotation through the reduction gear and by the motor.

The utility model discloses a variable compression ratio engine can reduce the processing degree of difficulty and the manufacturing cost of eccentric shaft through adopting above combination formula eccentric shaft to control accuracy when can improving the eccentric shaft and using, and there is fine practicality.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without undue limitation. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a combined eccentric shaft according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion C of FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a mandrel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion E of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion F of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion G of FIG. 5;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a limiting flange according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion D of FIG. 3 in FIG. 4;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a wave spring according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a variable compression ratio engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

1-mandrel, 2-eccentric wheel, 3-mandrel sleeve, 4-limiting flange, 5-opposite-vertex wave spring, 6-snap spring, 7-elastic retainer ring, 8-crankshaft, 9-adjusting connecting rod, 10-driving connecting rod, 11-executing connecting rod, 12-piston, 13-motor and 14-reducer;

101-a main oil gallery, 102-a mandrel sleeve communicating oil hole, 103-an eccentric wheel communicating oil hole, 104-a mandrel groove body and 105-a clamping groove;

201-eccentric wheel oil hole;

301-core shaft sleeve oil hole;

401-a sleeving hole and 402-a flange groove body.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

Example one

The embodiment relates to a combined eccentric shaft, which is applied to a multi-connecting-rod type variable compression ratio engine and is used as a driving source for controlling and adjusting the compression ratio, so that the compression ratio of the engine can be changed. Specifically, an exemplary structure of a multi-link variable compression ratio engine to which the combined eccentric shaft is applied will be described in embodiment two below, and this embodiment will mainly explain the combined eccentric shaft structure.

As shown in fig. 1 in combination with fig. 2, the composite eccentric shaft of the present embodiment includes a mandrel 1, and eccentric wheels 2 and mandrel sleeves 3 alternately arranged along the axial direction of the mandrel 1 and sleeved on the mandrel 1. Wherein the eccentric 2 and the spindle 1 are arranged non-concentrically and the core sleeve 3 and the eccentric 2 are also arranged to have an axial movement relative to the spindle 1, while both are also prevented from rotating relative to the spindle 1.

The eccentric wheels 2 and the core shaft sleeves 3 are arranged to be axially movable relative to the core shaft 1, so that the installation of the eccentric wheels and the core shaft 1 can be realized, the assembly of the whole eccentric shaft structure is further realized, the core shaft sleeves 3 and the eccentric wheels 2 are alternately arranged, and the axial positioning of the eccentric wheels 2 on the core shaft 1 is realized through the core shaft sleeves 3. The eccentric wheel 2 and the core shaft sleeve 3 are forbidden to rotate relative to the mandrel 1, so that the eccentric wheel 2 and the core shaft sleeve 3 can synchronously rotate along with the mandrel 1, on one hand, the torque transmission from the mandrel 1 to the eccentric wheel 2 can be realized, and on the other hand, the phenomenon that the circulation of lubricating oil to the outer surface of the core shaft sleeve 3 is influenced and the service life of the eccentric shaft is reduced due to the relative rotation between the core shaft sleeve 3 and the mandrel 1 can be avoided.

The combined eccentric shaft of the embodiment further comprises a limiting flange 4 sleeved at one end of the mandrel 1, an elastic part arranged at the other end of the mandrel 1 relative to the limiting flange 4, and a limiting part abutted against one side of the elastic part. The limiting flange 4 is axially positioned relative to the mandrel 1 and is configured to prohibit rotation relative to the mandrel 1, and the limiting member is positioned on the mandrel 1 relative to the end of the elastic member close to the mandrel 1. The elastic piece is set to have elastic pretightening force along the axial direction of the core shaft 1, so that the limiting flange 4, the core shaft sleeve 3 and the eccentric wheel 2 can be tightly abutted together.

Specifically, the above-described position-limiting flange 4 is positioned in the axial direction of the mandrel 1, that is, the position-limiting flange 4 cannot move in the axial direction of the mandrel 1 after being disposed on the mandrel 1, or the position-limiting flange 4 can move only in a small distance range in the axial direction of the mandrel 1 on the mandrel 1, and the movement can be limited by the elastic force applied to the mandrel shell 3 and the eccentric 2 by the elastic member as described below. Furthermore, the stop flange 4 is arranged to be prevented from rotating relative to the spindle 1, as is the case with the arrangement of the eccentric 2 and the core sleeve 3 described above, whereby a synchronous rotation of the stop flange 4 and the spindle 1 is achieved.

In this embodiment, the limiting member is disposed close to the end of the mandrel 1 relative to the elastic member, that is, when viewed from the middle of the mandrel 1 to the end thereof, the elastic member is located inside closer to the middle of the mandrel 1, and the limiting member is located outside relative to the elastic member. In addition, the positioning arrangement of the limiting member on the mandrel 1 is substantially the same as the positioning arrangement of the limiting flange 4 on the mandrel 1, that is, after the limiting member is arranged on the mandrel 1, the limiting member cannot move along the axial direction of the mandrel 1 or can move within a small distance range, but is limited under the elastic force of the elastic member.

In addition, in this embodiment, it should be further described that, the above-mentioned elastic pretightening force of the elastic element makes the limiting flange 4, the core shaft sleeve 3 and the eccentric wheel 2 abut against each other, which means that after the limiting flange 4, the elastic element, the limiting element, and each of the eccentric wheel 2 and the core shaft sleeve 3 are mounted on the core shaft 1, the elastic element is in a compressed state to generate a pretightening force, and the elastic pretightening force is along the axial direction of the core shaft 1. Therefore, under the action of the elastic pretightening force, the limiting part on one side of the elastic part, the core shaft sleeve 3, the eccentric wheel 2 and the limiting flange 4 on the other side of the elastic part are extruded, and at the moment, the limiting flange 4 and the limiting part on the two ends are positioned on the core shaft 1, so that the limiting flange 4, the core shaft sleeve 3 and the eccentric wheel 2 are abutted together. Moreover, the stable positioning of the eccentric wheels 2 in the axial direction of the mandrel 1 is also realized just based on the "squeezing" state.

In the present embodiment, as described above, firstly, as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 5 in combination with fig. 4 and 6 to 8, an external spline extending along its own axial direction is configured on the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel 1, and the mandrel shell 3, the eccentric wheel 2 and the position-limiting flange 4 are sleeved on the mandrel 1 through an internal spline configured on itself. Therefore, the three parts can not rotate relative to the mandrel 1 through the matched spline structures and can slide along the axial direction of the mandrel 1 for installation.

In addition, for the axial positioning of the limiting flange 4 on the mandrel 1, as shown in fig. 6 in combination with fig. 9 and 10, a correspondingly arranged limiting groove is configured between the mandrel 1 and the limiting flange 4, and the limiting groove is formed by jointly fastening the mandrel groove body 104 provided on the mandrel 1 and the flange groove body 402 provided on the limiting flange 4. The flange groove 402 is specifically located on the inner wall of the sleeving hole 401 on the limiting flange 4, an internal spline is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeving hole 401, and the limiting flange 4 is installed on the end portion of the mandrel 1 through the sleeving hole 401.

In the present embodiment, the elastic collar 7 is installed in the formed limiting groove, and the limiting flange 4 is axially positioned with respect to the mandrel 1 by the elastic collar 7. meanwhile, in the present embodiment, in order to facilitate installation of the elastic collar 7, the port at the end of the sleeving hole 401 where the elastic collar 7 is installed may be chamfered, and in order to remove the elastic collar 7 from the limiting groove to remove the limiting flange from the mandrel 1, the included angle α between the bottom end surface and one side end surface in the flange groove body 402 may be selected to be an obtuse angle, so that guidance for removing the elastic collar 7 may be achieved.

In this embodiment, the elastic member is a spring sleeved on the core shaft 1, and the spring may preferably be a counter-top wave spring 5. The pair of wave springs 5 may be formed of any conventional material, and preferably have a flat end-to-end wave spring structure as shown in fig. 11.

As also shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, a locking groove 105 is formed at an end of the mandrel 1 where the limiting member is disposed, and the limiting member specifically adopts a snap spring 6 that is clamped in the locking groove 105. However, besides the snap spring 6 which is arranged in a clamping manner, the limiting member may also be arranged on the mandrel 1 in other structures in the embodiment. For example, the limiting member may be designed as an annular member that is fitted around the end of the mandrel 1 in an interference manner, or a spline structure at the end of the mandrel 1 is removed and provided with an external thread, so that the limiting member is screwed to a threaded member at the end of the mandrel 1, or the limiting member may be designed as a plurality of screwed screws or interference press-fitted rod-like members that are circumferentially spaced along the mandrel 1.

In this embodiment, in order to perform the transmission connection between the eccentric shaft and the external driving device to drive the eccentric shaft to rotate so as to adjust the compression ratio of the engine, a connecting portion connected with the external driving device is configured on the limiting flange 4. Specifically, the connecting portion may be a connecting hole opened on the position-limiting flange 4, and the connection between the position-limiting flange 4 and the external driving device through the connecting hole will be described in embodiment two below.

In order to lubricate the eccentric shaft during the operation of the engine, so as to prolong the service life of the eccentric shaft, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 6 and fig. 8, a main oil gallery 101 extending along the axial direction of the mandrel 1 is provided in the mandrel 1, the main oil gallery 101 can introduce lubricating oil from the engine oil path, and oil outlet holes communicated with the main oil gallery 101 through the mandrel 1 are respectively provided in each of the mandrel sleeve 3 and the eccentric wheel 2. The oil outlet hole on the eccentric wheel 2 is formed by communicating an eccentric wheel oil hole 201 in the eccentric wheel 2 with an eccentric wheel communicating oil hole 103 on the mandrel 1, and the oil outlet hole on the mandrel sleeve 3 is formed by communicating a mandrel sleeve oil hole 301 on the mandrel sleeve 3 with a mandrel sleeve communicating oil hole 102 on the mandrel 1.

In the present embodiment, the eccentric wheel 2 and the core sleeve 3 may be arranged on the mandrel 1 in any order, as long as they are alternately arranged. However, the assembly between the eccentric 2 and the drive linkage arrangement mentioned below is facilitated, preferably also as shown in fig. 1, such that the core sleeve 3 is arranged adjacent to the stop flange 4 and the elastic element.

When the combined eccentric shaft of the embodiment is assembled, the eccentric wheel 2 is firstly installed in the driving connecting rod mentioned in the second embodiment, then the driving connecting rod provided with the eccentric wheel 2 is positioned at the bearing seat on the engine cylinder body through a tool, then the mandrel 1 is pressed in once through the bearing seat on the engine cylinder body and the eccentric wheel 2, and the mandrel sleeve 3 is arranged between every two adjacent eccentric wheels 2 in the pressing-in process, so that the sleeving of the eccentric wheel 2 and the mandrel sleeve 3 on the mandrel 1 is realized, and the assembly of the eccentric shaft, the driving connecting rod and the engine cylinder body is completed simultaneously. And then the limiting flange 4, the opposite-vertex wave spring 5 and the clamp spring 6 are arranged on the mandrel 1.

Example two

The present embodiment relates to a variable compressor engine, an exemplary structure of which is shown in fig. 12, wherein a crankshaft 8 in the variable compression ratio engine is rotatably supported on an engine block having bearing blocks, an eccentric shaft is rotatably mounted at the bottom ends of the bearing blocks, and the eccentric shaft is a combined eccentric shaft according to the first embodiment. The variable compression ratio engine of the present embodiment further comprises an adjusting connecting rod 9 rotatably mounted on the crankshaft 8, and a driving connecting rod 10 and an actuating connecting rod 11 pivotally connected to both ends of the adjusting connecting rod 9 by connecting rod pins, respectively, the other end of the driving connecting rod 10 being rotatably connected to the eccentric 2 in the eccentric shaft, and the other end of the actuating connecting rod 11 being connected to the piston 12.

In addition, the spindle 1 in the eccentric shaft of the present embodiment is driven to rotate by a motor 13 through a speed reducer 14, and the motor 13 constitutes the external driving device in driving connection with the spindle 1 mentioned in the first embodiment. Wherein, the reducer 14 can specifically adopt a harmonic reducer, and the connection between the limiting flange 4 and a flexible gear in the harmonic reducer is realized through the harmonic reducer, so as to realize the transmission connection with the mandrel 1. In addition, the motor 13 is also connected to the reducer 14 through a transmission, and the transmission may be generally a chain or gear transmission. The electric machine 13 together with the retarder 14 and the transmission are all fixedly arranged relative to the engine block.

In the variable compression ratio engine of the embodiment, during the operation of the engine, the eccentric shaft is driven by the motor 13 and controlled to rotate, and when the eccentric shaft is driven by the motor 13 to rotate, the swinging support position of the driving connecting rod 10 is changed, and therefore the top dead center position of the piston 12 is made to be higher or lower through the conduction of the adjusting connecting rod 9 and the executing connecting rod 11, so that the adjustment of the compression ratio of the engine is realized.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A combined eccentric shaft is characterized in that: comprises a mandrel (1), and a mandrel sleeve (3) and an eccentric wheel (2) which are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the mandrel (1) and sleeved on the mandrel (1), wherein the eccentric wheel (2) is arranged eccentrically to the mandrel (1), and the mandrel sleeve (3) and the eccentric wheel (2) are configured to have axial movement relative to the mandrel (1) and forbid rotation relative to the mandrel (1); the combined eccentric shaft further comprises a limiting flange (4) sleeved at one end of the mandrel (1), an elastic piece and a limiting piece, wherein the elastic piece is arranged at the other end of the mandrel (1) relative to the limiting flange (4), the limiting piece abuts against one side of the elastic piece, the limiting flange (4) is axially positioned relative to the mandrel (1) and is arranged on the mandrel (1) in a manner of being forbidden to rotate relative to the mandrel (1), the limiting piece is positioned relative to the end part, close to the mandrel (1), of the elastic piece, and the elastic piece is arranged to enable the limiting flange (4), the mandrel sleeve (3) and the eccentric wheel (2) to abut against each other due to the fact that the elastic pre-tightening force along the axial direction of the mandrel (1) is provided.

2. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 1, characterized in that: the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel (1) is provided with an external spline extending along the axial direction of the mandrel, and the mandrel sleeve (3), the eccentric wheel (2) and the limiting flange (4) are sleeved on the mandrel (1) through an internal spline formed on the mandrel sleeve.

3. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 2, characterized in that: a correspondingly arranged limiting groove is formed between the mandrel (1) and the limiting flange (4), and the limiting flange (4) is axially positioned relative to the mandrel (1) through an elastic retainer ring (7) arranged in the limiting groove.

4. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 2, characterized in that: the elastic piece is a spring sleeved on the mandrel (1).

5. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 4, characterized in that: the spring is a wave spring (5) with opposite tops.

6. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 4, characterized in that: a clamping groove (105) is formed in the mandrel (1) corresponding to the limiting part, and the limiting part is a clamping spring (6) clamped in the clamping groove (105).

7. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 1, characterized in that: and a connecting part connected with an external driving device is constructed on the limiting flange (4).

8. The modular eccentric shaft of claim 1, characterized in that: a main oil duct (101) extending along the axial direction of the mandrel (1) is arranged in the mandrel (1), and oil outlet holes communicated with the main oil duct (101) through the mandrel (1) are formed in each mandrel sleeve (3) and the eccentric wheel (2).

9. The modular eccentric shaft according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the core shaft sleeve (3) is arranged close to the limiting flange (4) and the elastic piece.

10. A variable compression ratio engine characterized by: comprising an engine cylinder provided with a piston (12), a crankshaft (8) and an eccentric shaft, an actuating connecting rod (11) with one end hinged to the piston (12), a driving connecting rod (10) with one end rotatably connected to the eccentric shaft, and an adjusting connecting rod (9) rotatably mounted on the crankshaft (8) with both ends rotatably connected to the actuating connecting rod (11) and the driving connecting rod (10), respectively, and the eccentric shaft is a combined eccentric shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the spindle (1) being driven to rotate by a motor (13) through a speed reducer.

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