Transfer arc plasma gun for producing metal nano powder
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a plasma technical field especially relates to a plasma gun for in metal nanometer powder production.
Background
The plasma arc spray gun is an industrial device widely applied to metal and nonmetal smelting, pulverized coal boiler ignition, hot plasma coating technology, plasma waste treatment, material preparation, screening and other purposes. The device is mainly used for carrying out high-temperature heating treatment on treatment objects such as industrial raw materials, garbage or wastes, industrial semi-finished products and the like, so that the treated objects can obtain special equipment for burning (plasma ignition and garbage and waste treatment purposes), melting (metal and nonmetal smelting, cutting, material preparation, screening and other purposes) or coating (plasma coating). The temperature of the jet produced by the plasma arc torch can be as high as several thousand degrees celsius, beyond the melting (ignition) point found in nature for all materials. Therefore, the heat source can be used as a special high-temperature heat source and has the irreplaceable effect of other heating forms. Compared with the traditional combustion type high-temperature spray gun, the plasma arc spray gun has the advantages of high temperature, wide temperature regulation range (hundreds to thousands of degrees centigrade), concentrated energy, small air flow pollution, adjustable air flow speed (supersonic and subsonic), relatively low cost, convenient use and the like.
At present, a plasma arc spray gun commonly used in China is generally in a direct-current single spray gun form, the spray gun only has a single gun body, and the spray gun in the form is divided into a transferred arc type and a non-transferred arc type according to different positions of an arc root of the arc. The cathode and one of the anode of the existing transferred arc spray gun are not the anode or the cathode of the gun body, but are transferred to the target object, and the target object is directly heated by the electric arc. The cathode and the anode of the non-transferred arc spray gun are both the cathode and the anode carried by the gun body, the electric arc mainly runs between the cathode and the anode of the gun body, the target substrate is not heated by the electric arc, but the target substrate is heated by high-temperature gas heated by the electric arc, and the target of the spray gun is mainly made of non-conductive materials. Because the arc itself has an extremely high temperature, transferred arc torches achieve higher temperatures and thermal efficiencies relative to non-transferred arc torches. However, one limitation of transferred arc torches is that the target must be a conductive material, while a non-conductive material cannot transfer the arc to itself, and thus higher temperature transferred arc torches are not currently available for processing non-conductive materials, which limits their use.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving the problem that the existing equipment exists, improving a transfer arc plasma gun, possess stable in structure, electric heat conversion efficiency height, long service life's advantage.
In order to realize the above purpose, the utility model discloses a technical scheme is: a transferred arc plasma gun for producing metal nanometer powder comprises a gun seat, an outer gun body, an inner gun body, a nozzle, an interelectrode insulating sleeve, an electrode seat, an electrode and a splitter ring, wherein the outer gun body and the inner gun body are coaxially embedded on the gun seat, the outer side wall of the inner gun body is in contact with the inner side wall of the outer gun body, a plurality of water storage tanks are axially arranged on the outer side wall of the inner gun body, a first water cooling cavity is formed between the outer gun body and the inner gun body corresponding to the positions of the water storage tanks, mounting holes are formed in the gun seat corresponding to the positions of the water storage tanks and communicated with the first water cooling cavity, a first water inlet pipe and a first water return pipe are externally connected to two adjacent mounting holes respectively, the nozzle is arranged at one end of the outer gun body, the interelectrode insulating sleeve is coaxially embedded in the inner gun body, the electrode seat is coaxially embedded in the interelectrode insulating sleeve, and the electrode is arranged at one end of the, the electrode holder is characterized in that an airflow groove for airflow to pass through is formed in the outer side wall of the electrode holder, an air inlet is formed in one end, deviating from the electrode, of the electrode holder, the air inlet end of the air inlet is connected with an air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe is communicated with the airflow groove, the splitter ring is coaxially sleeved on the electrode, the outer side wall of the splitter ring is attached to the inner wall of the interelectrode insulating sleeve, a beam flow hole is formed in the splitter ring in the axial direction, and an airflow channel is formed among the air inlet hole, the airflow groove.
In order to further optimize the utility model discloses, can prefer following technical scheme for use:
preferably, the outer side wall of the outer gun body is coaxially provided with at least two annular mounting bosses I, the outer side wall of each mounting boss is provided with an external thread, and the mounting bosses are screwed with ceramic sleeves through threads.
Preferably, a first limiting boss and a second limiting boss are arranged on the inner wall of the inner gun body corresponding to the interelectrode insulating sleeve and the nozzle.
Preferably, the inner gun body is internally sealed and filled with a high temperature resistant resin body.
Preferably, the outer gun body and the inner gun body are provided with positioning holes at corresponding positions at one ends close to the gun base, and the positioning holes are internally embedded with column-shaped positioning pieces.
Preferably, the nozzle includes outer nozzle and interior nozzle, adopt interference fit between outer nozzle and the interior nozzle, threaded connection between outer nozzle and the outer rifle body, interior nozzle top is held and is used for fixed splitter ring on the splitter ring lateral wall, outer nozzle adopts the red copper cover, interior nozzle adopts high temperature resistant metal covering.
Preferably, the electrode includes tube-shape electrode fixed block and tapered water conservancy diversion piece, the tube-shape electrode fixed block is close to gun stock one end and inlays the dress on the electrode fixing base, tapered water conservancy diversion piece inlays the dress and deviates from the one end of gun stock in the electrode fixing portion, tapered water conservancy diversion piece's outside end is provided with tapered drainage portion.
Preferably, a threaded mounting hole is formed in the electrode holder at the middle position close to one end of the gun holder, a water guide pipe is arranged in the threaded mounting hole and used for cooling the electrode, a second water inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet end of the water guide pipe, and the water outlet end of the water guide pipe extends into the electrode fixing portion.
Preferably, the airflow grooves are spirally distributed on the periphery of the electrode holder.
Preferably, a plurality of beam current holes are uniformly distributed, and the aperture range of the beam current holes is 0.8-1 mm.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model adopts the double-layer structure design of the outer gun body and the inner gun body, a water cooling cavity is arranged between the outer gun body and the inner gun body, the safety and stability of the plasma gun in the working process are ensured, meanwhile, as few as possible parts in the structure of the plasma gun are connected by threads, as much as possible, the contact connection formed by surface finish machining is adopted, the multilayer gradient structure is adopted in the inner gun body to provide accurate positioning for the installation of subsequent accessories, the packaging and sealing are convenient, and the difficulty of transferring and assembling and disassembling is also reduced; compare and adopt pure copper structure in traditional nozzle, traditional electrode adopts pure tungsten as the electrode, and tungsten evaporates easily under high temperature and forms the pollution, and the evaporation consumption of tungsten utmost point makes the arcing difficulty, uses need processing after a period to polish, has reduced work efficiency, the utility model discloses in nozzle and electrode adopt high temperature resistant combined material, reduce the evaporation capacity of evaporation electrode and the life who has improved the nozzle.
2. In the utility model, a double external thread structure ring is reserved on the surface of the outer gun body and used for installing a ceramic sleeve, so that the service life of the plasma gun in a high-temperature environment can be prolonged; furthermore the utility model discloses melt the back with high temperature resistant resin and pour into a mould the internal leakproofness and the interelectrode insulating nature that can guarantee whole rifle internal portion through rifle seat rear portion entry and form sealedly to improve the stability of whole equipment, seted up annular slot simultaneously at nozzle and outer rifle body hookup location, can form the cooling circulation passageway and protect the nozzle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a plasma;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gun rest;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the inner gun body;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the inner gun body
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the shunt ring;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electrode structure;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in fig. 1.
Wherein, 1-gun seat, 2-outer gun body, 3-inner gun body, 4-interelectrode insulating bush, 5-electrode seat, 6-electrode, 7-outer nozzle, 8-inner nozzle, 9-shunt ring, 10-first water cooling chamber, 11-inlet pipe one, 12-return pipe one, 13-second inlet pipe, 14-inlet pipe, 15-air flow groove, 16-inlet hole, 17-water guide pipe, 18-thread mounting hole, 19-high temperature resistant resin body, 20-ceramic sleeve, 21-annular mounting boss, 22-groove, 23-positioning hole, 24-column type positioning piece, 101-clamping groove, 102-mounting flange, 103-bolt fixing hole, 104-mounting hole, 105-external thread, 401-limiting boss one, 402-a second limiting boss, 403-a water storage tank, 601-a conical flow guide block, 602-an electrode fixing block, 603-a conical flow guide part, 901-a protective table and 902-a beam flow hole.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-8, a transferred arc plasma gun for producing metal nano-powder comprises a gun base 1, an outer gun body 2, an inner gun body 3, a nozzle, an interelectrode insulating sleeve 4, an electrode base 5, an electrode 6 and a shunt ring 9, wherein the outer gun body and the inner gun body are coaxially embedded on the gun base 1, one end of the gun base 1 is provided with a clamping groove 101, the clamping groove 101 is attached to the outer walls of the outer gun body 2 and the inner gun body 3, the outer side wall of the inner gun body is contacted with the inner side wall of the outer gun body, in order to ensure the stability and the firmness of the connection position between the inner gun body and the outer gun body, the corresponding positions at one ends of the outer gun body and the inner gun body close to the gun base are respectively provided with a positioning hole 23, a column-shaped positioning piece 24 is embedded in the positioning hole, and the outer gun body and the inner gun body are fixed through; the outer gun body 2 and the gun seat 1 are welded together in a brazing mode, two annular mounting bosses 21 are coaxially arranged on the outer side wall of the outer gun body, external threads are formed on the outer side walls of the mounting bosses 21, ceramic sleeves 20 are screwed on the mounting bosses through the external threads, and the gun body is protected through the ceramic sleeves 20, so that the service life of the plasma gun in a high-temperature environment can be prolonged; the outer side wall of the inner gun body is axially provided with 4 water storage tanks 403, the depth of each water storage tank is 2mm, the inner gun body 3 and the gun base 1 are fixedly sealed by brazing, a first water cooling cavity is formed between the outer gun body and the inner gun body corresponding to the positions of the water storage tanks, and the double-layer structural design of the outer gun body and the inner gun body is adopted, so that the safety and stability of the plasma gun in the working process are ensured; 4 mounting holes are formed in the gun seat 1 corresponding to the water storage groove and communicated with the first water-cooling cavity 10, a water inlet pipe I11 and a water return pipe I12 are externally connected to two adjacent mounting holes 104 respectively, cooling water enters the first water-cooling cavity between the outer gun body and the inner gun body through the water inlet pipe I11, and the service life of the whole device is prolonged by cooling the gun body; in order to ensure the stability of the plasma gun in the using process, a mounting flange 102 is mounted on the plasma gun, bolt fixing holes are uniformly distributed in the mounting flange, and a gun base is fixed by mounting bolts in the bolt fixing holes.
The nozzle is arranged at one end of the outer gun body, which is far away from the gun seat, the nozzle comprises an outer nozzle 7 and an inner nozzle 8, the outer nozzle and the inner nozzle are in interference fit, the outer nozzle and the outer gun body are in threaded connection, the inner nozzle is supported on the side wall of the shunt ring and used for fixing the shunt ring, the outer nozzle 7 adopts a red copper sleeve, the inner nozzle 8 adopts a high-temperature resistant metal sleeve, the evaporation capacity of an evaporation electrode can be reduced, and the service life of the nozzle is prolonged; the interelectrode insulating bush 4 is coaxially embedded in the inner gun body 3, the position of the nozzle corresponding to the interelectrode insulating bush 4 on the inner wall of the inner gun body 3 is provided with a first limiting boss 401 and a second limiting boss 402, the first limiting boss, the second limiting boss and the nozzle are used for fixing, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved by thinning the inner wall of the inner gun body, and the interelectrode insulating bush can also be used as a passage of cooling liquid, so that the service life and the safety of the gun body are further improved; the electrode base 5 is coaxially embedded in the interelectrode insulating sleeve 4, the electrode is arranged at one end of the electrode base 5 departing from the gun base, the electrode 6 comprises a cylindrical electrode fixing block 602 and a conical flow guide block 601, one end of the cylindrical electrode fixing block close to the gun base is embedded on the electrode fixing block, the conical flow guide block is embedded at one end of the electrode fixing part departing from the gun base, the outer side end of the conical flow guide block is provided with a conical flow guide part 603, plasma is drained through the conical drainage part, a threaded mounting hole 18 is formed in the middle position of one end, close to the gun seat, of the electrode seat, a water guide pipe 17 is mounted in the threaded mounting hole 18, the water guide pipe 17 is used for cooling the electrode, the water inlet end of the water guide pipe is connected with a second water inlet pipe 13, the water outlet end of the water guide pipe penetrates through the cylindrical electrode fixing block, the electrode is cooled by cooling water of the second water inlet pipe and then flows back through a gap between the water guide pipe and the electrode seat; meanwhile, an annular groove 22 is formed at the connecting position of the nozzle and the outer gun body, so that a cooling circulation channel can be formed to protect the nozzle.
An airflow groove 15 for airflow to pass through is formed in the outer side wall of the electrode holder, the airflow groove 15 is distributed on the periphery of the electrode holder in a spiral shape, the spiral airflow groove achieves the guiding effect on the airflow, an air inlet hole is formed in one end, away from the electrode, of the electrode holder, the air inlet end of the air inlet hole is connected with an air inlet pipe, the air inlet hole 16 is communicated with the airflow groove 15, the splitter ring 9 is coaxially sleeved on the electrode, the outer side wall of the splitter ring 9 is attached to the inner wall of the interelectrode insulating sleeve, a beam flow hole is formed in the splitter ring in the axial direction, and an annular protection table 901 is installed at one end; 32 beam-flow holes are uniformly distributed, the aperture of each beam-flow hole is 1mm, an airflow channel is formed among the air inlet 16, the airflow groove, the beam-flow holes and the nozzle, and gas in the air inlet sequentially passes through the air inlet, the airflow groove and the beam-flow holes 902 and drives the electric arc to be sprayed from the nozzle under the action of a conical drainage part on the electrode; furthermore, the second water inlet pipe 1 and the air inlet pipe 14 extend out of the gun seat, and the high-temperature resistant resin body 19 is melted and poured into the gun through the rear inlet of the gun seat 1 to form sealing, so that the sealing performance and interelectrode insulation performance of the whole plasma gun body can be ensured, compared with the traditional nozzle adopting a pure copper structure, the traditional electrode adopts pure tungsten as an electrode, tungsten is easy to evaporate at high temperature to form pollution, the evaporation consumption of a tungsten pole tip causes arc striking difficulty, the processing and polishing are needed after the use for a period of time, the working efficiency is reduced, in the embodiment, the inner nozzle and the electrode adopt high-temperature resistant composite materials, the evaporation capacity of the evaporation electrode is reduced, the service life of the nozzle is prolonged, in addition, as few threaded connections are adopted in each part structure in the plasma gun as possible, as many contact connections formed by surface finish machining are adopted as possible, the multilayer gradient structure is adopted in the inner gun body to, and the packaging and sealing are convenient, and the difficulty of transferring, matching and disassembling is also reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments or in part of the technical features of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.