CN210040565U - High-gain short-wave intelligent antenna equipment - Google Patents
High-gain short-wave intelligent antenna equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN210040565U CN210040565U CN201921113465.2U CN201921113465U CN210040565U CN 210040565 U CN210040565 U CN 210040565U CN 201921113465 U CN201921113465 U CN 201921113465U CN 210040565 U CN210040565 U CN 210040565U
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Abstract
The application relates to a high-gain shortwave smart antenna device, this equipment includes: an exciter for generating an excitation signal; the antenna array comprises two or more antenna units, and the antenna units are arranged according to a vertical sector array; and the parameter adjusting device is connected with the exciter and the antenna array and is used for acquiring adjusting parameters of each antenna unit, adjusting the excitation signal according to the adjusting parameters and sending the adjusted excitation signal to the corresponding antenna unit in the antenna array. By adjusting the amplitude and the phase of the excitation signal, the direction and the shape of the wave beam are changed, the short-wave communication effect is improved, and the gain of the short-wave signal is improved through the vertical sector array.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of intelligent antennas, in particular to high-gain short-wave intelligent antenna equipment.
Background
The existing short-wave long-distance communication is mainly carried out by utilizing ionosphere reflection, because the ionosphere is influenced by solar radiation and cosmic rays, the ionosphere changes with the changes of day and night, season, year, sun black period and the like, and the ionosphere shows complex spatial changes with latitude and longitude, so the short-wave sky-wave long-distance communication is a communication mode with poor quality, narrow bandwidth and low call success rate.
The time-varying characteristic of the ionized layer and the electromagnetic environment of a receiving end enable the optimal communication frequency of different time periods to change, the difference of the transmission mode and the absorption loss of the ionized layer to each frequency of a short-wave frequency band is obvious, in order to meet the requirement of long-distance short-wave communication, besides selecting a proper frequency, a proper beam azimuth angle and an elevation angle are needed, an improper elevation angle can cause the long-distance short-wave communication to be unavailable due to the fact that the absorption loss of the ionized layer is too large or the ionized layer deviates, the elevation angle of a traditional short-wave antenna is fixed after the traditional short-wave antenna is erected, the direction of a beam cannot be adjusted in real time, and therefore the communication effect is relatively.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a high-gain short-wave smart antenna device in order to solve the problem of poor short-wave communication effect.
A high-gain short-wave smart antenna apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the exciter is connected with a parameter adjusting device and used for generating an excitation signal; the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units, the antenna units are arranged according to a preset array forming mode to form the antenna array, and each antenna unit is connected with a parameter adjusting device respectively, wherein the preset array forming mode is a vertical sector array; and the parameter adjusting device is used for acquiring adjusting parameters of each antenna unit, adjusting the excitation signal according to the adjusting parameters, and sending the adjusted excitation signal to each antenna unit in the antenna array.
The above-mentioned equipment, amplitude and phase place to the excitation signal are adjusted through parameter adjusting device, make the beam direction and the beam shape of antenna array can change, thereby make when carrying out long-distance short wave communication, the loss of the biggest beam direction of antenna array on the ionosphere transmission channel is minimum, improve short wave communication effect, simultaneously along with the change of beam direction and beam shape, make to not needing regional signal radiation of short wave signal to reduce by a wide margin, the security of information transmission has been guaranteed, other user's interference has been reduced, and carry out perpendicular fan-shaped group battle array through two or more antenna element, aerial superimposed field intensity obtains the great improvement, the wave beam behind the battle array is more concentrated, the gain of short wave signal has been improved.
In one embodiment, the adjustment parameters include an amplitude parameter and a phase parameter.
In one embodiment, the parameter adjusting device comprises a power divider connected to the exciter, and a phase shifter connected to each antenna element through the phase shifter, the power divider is configured to adjust the amplitude of the excitation signal according to the amplitude parameter, and the phase shifter is configured to adjust the phase of the excitation signal according to the phase parameter.
In one embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises an excitation controller, the excitation controller is connected with the phase shifter and the power divider, the excitation controller is used for acquiring communication parameters of the antenna array and calculating adjustment parameters according to the communication parameters, and the communication parameters include communication azimuth angle parameters and elevation angle parameters of the antenna unit.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a signal processing device, the signal processing device is connected with the parameter adjusting device and each antenna unit, the exciter is further used for generating a digital signal, and the signal processing device is used for receiving the digital signal, processing the digital signal and sending the digital signal to the antenna unit.
In one embodiment, the signal processing apparatus further includes a digital-to-analog converter, the digital-to-analog converter is connected to the parameter adjusting apparatus and each antenna unit, and the digital-to-analog converter is configured to convert a digital signal into an analog signal.
In one embodiment, the signal processing apparatus further includes a power amplifier, the power amplifier is connected to the digital-to-analog converter and each antenna unit, and the power amplifier is configured to amplify the analog signal.
In one embodiment, the antenna further comprises a feed network, and the power amplifiers are respectively connected with the antenna units through the feed network.
In one embodiment, each antenna unit is connected with a corresponding feed network, each feed network is connected with a corresponding power amplifier, and each power amplifier is connected with a corresponding digital-to-analog converter.
In one embodiment, the angle between each antenna element and the horizontal plane is in the range of-6 degrees to 6 degrees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary implementation of a high-gain short-wave smart antenna;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system framework for a high-gain short-wave smart antenna in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a log-periodic antenna network model in accordance with an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-gain short-wave smart antenna in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, an application scenario diagram of a high-gain short-wave smart antenna is provided, where an antenna array is provided in an antenna device 101, the antenna array is formed by a plurality of antenna units according to a certain array formation manner, each antenna unit is equivalent to an array element, the antenna unit may be a log-periodic antenna, a short-wave signal is transmitted through the antenna device 101 and reflected to a terminal 103 through an ionosphere 102, and when the position of the terminal 103 changes, the angle and direction of a signal beam transmitted by the antenna device need to be adjusted accordingly to effectively ensure the communication effect of short-wave communication long-distance transmission.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a high-gain short-wave smart antenna apparatus is provided, which is applied to fig. 1 as an example, the apparatus includes an exciter 100, an antenna array 200 and a parameter adjusting device 300, the exciter 100 can be used as a signal source to generate an exciting signal, the antenna array 200 includes two or more antenna units 201, and the antenna units 201 are arranged in a vertical sector array; the parameter adjusting device 300 is connected to the exciter 100 and the antenna array 200, the parameter adjusting device 300 obtains an adjusting parameter of each antenna unit 201, adjusts an excitation signal generated by the exciter 100 according to the adjusting parameter of each antenna unit 201, and after the excitation signal is adjusted, the parameter adjusting device 300 transmits the adjusted excitation signal to the corresponding antenna unit 201 in the antenna array 200.
The vertical sector array is characterized in that each antenna unit is positioned on the same vertical plane and arranged on the vertical plane to form a sector, and when the included angle of the array elements is smaller than the opening angle of the structure, the directional diagram at the high-frequency end of the array is influenced obviously, and a large side lobe is generated; when the included angle of the array elements is larger than the opening angle of the structure, the low-frequency end is seriously influenced, and the main lobe is obviously widened. This is because when the included angle of the array elements is smaller than the opening angle of the structure, the distance between the corresponding long vibrators of the two array elements is smaller, and the distance between the corresponding short vibrators is larger, so that a larger side lobe appears in the array at high frequency, and the broadband characteristic of the radiation pattern of the array is deteriorated. When the included angle of the array elements is larger than the opening angle of the structure, the distance between the corresponding short vibrators of the two array elements is smaller, and the distance between the corresponding long vibrators is smaller, so that the main lobe of the radiation pattern of the array is obviously widened at low frequency, and the broadband characteristic of the array is deteriorated. The impedance of the array antenna in the whole frequency band can be kept consistent through the sector array. Taking four antenna units as an example, four antenna units are located on the same vertical plane from top to bottom, and the horizontal line is used as a symmetry axis, two antenna units are arranged above the four antenna units, two antenna units are arranged below the four antenna units, an included angle between the uppermost antenna unit and the lowermost antenna unit is 12 degrees, the length of each antenna unit is 20 meters, and the antenna units are arranged into a sector shape according to the mode that the front end is 3.5 meters apart and the tail end is 4.9 meters apart.
The exciter 100 serves as a signal source for providing corresponding signals, for example, generating an exciting signal, and accordingly, the exciter 100 may also provide digital signals of other various short-wave service types, for example, a single sideband signal, a constant amplitude signal, an amplitude modulation signal, and the like. The excitation signal generated by the exciter 100 is used to adjust the antenna unit 201 so that the beam of the antenna unit 201 points to a corresponding direction (e.g. the direction of the user), but when the excitation signal generated by the exciter 100 is transmitted to the antenna unit 201, the parameter data of the excitation signal is adjusted by the parameter adjusting device 300, so as to realize the optimal excitation of the antenna unit 201 and ensure the optimal communication effect of the short-wave communication.
In the process that the parameter adjusting apparatus 300 adjusts the excitation signal by adjusting the parameter, the adjusting parameter may refer to an amplitude parameter and a phase parameter, the excitation signal is equivalent to an electrical signal, for example, when the user moves, for example, the user is located in the north relative to the antenna device, and after the user moves, the user is located in the south relative to the antenna device, at this time, the beam direction and the shape of the short-wave communication need to be adaptively adjusted to follow the user, and the beam direction and the shape of the short-wave communication are adjusted from the north of the original beam set to the south of the beam set, the parameter adjusting apparatus 300 adjusts the amplitude and the phase of the excitation signal by obtaining the adjusting parameter, and then the adjusted excitation signal is input to each antenna unit 201, thereby adjusting the beam direction and the shape of the antenna unit 201.
It should be noted that the adjustment parameter can be calculated by a corresponding calculating unit, for example, when the change of the incoming wave direction of the user is detected, the calculating software can calculate the adjustment parameter according to the incoming wave direction and feed back the adjustment parameter to the parameter adjusting apparatus 300. Specifically, the calculation of the adjustment parameters is described by taking a log-periodic antenna as an example, for a unit log-periodic antenna, because a plurality of cross-fed oscillators are provided, an equivalent transmission matrix in a microwave network theory is generally adopted for processing, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a log-periodic antenna network model, which can regard the unit log-periodic antenna as an oscillator network and a collective network, calculate the mutual impedance between ports of the oscillator network by using a moment method, calculate the impedance or admittance matrix of the collective network by using the microwave network theory, and combine the oscillator network and the collective network by using the relationship that voltages of two network ports are equal, thereby obtaining the current distribution on the antenna. For a short-wave antenna array with the erection height smaller than one wavelength, the influence of the ground on the antenna is not only superposition of reflected signals, but also mutual impedance between the arrays, and the influence of the ground can be solved by adopting a Green function of a layered medium. The method comprises the steps of solving a spectral domain Green function in a layered medium by using an equivalent transmission line network, obtaining a space domain form through inverse transformation, further calculating the reaction between submodules to obtain an impedance matrix, obtaining current distribution on an antenna according to the impedance matrix, further solving a radiation field according to the current distribution on the antenna to obtain a far field directional diagram of an antenna array, and calculating optimal excitation (the optimal excitation comprises the amplitude and the phase of each antenna excitation signal (current)) according to a beam direction and a ground effect. The amplitude and phase of the excitation signal generated by the exciter 100 can then be adjusted using the calculated optimum excitation as an adjustment parameter, and then fed to each antenna element 201.
The above-mentioned equipment, amplitude and phase place to the excitation signal are adjusted through parameter adjusting device 300, make the beam direction and the beam shape of antenna array 200 change, thereby make when carrying out long-distance short wave communication, the loss of the biggest beam direction of antenna array 200 on the ionosphere transmission channel is minimum, improve the short wave communication effect, along with the change of beam direction and beam shape, make to the regional signal radiation that does not need the short wave signal reduce by a wide margin, the security of information transmission has been guaranteed, other user's interference has been reduced, and carry out perpendicular fan-shaped array of groups through two or more antenna element 201, the field intensity of aerial superpose obtains the big improvement, the wave beam after the array is more concentrated, the gain of short wave signal has been improved.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the parameter adjusting apparatus 300 includes a power divider 301 and a phase shifter 302, the power divider 301 is connected to the exciter 100, the power divider 301 is connected to each antenna element 201 through the phase shifter 302, the power divider 301 is configured to adjust the amplitude of the exciting signal according to the amplitude parameter, and the phase shifter 302 is configured to adjust the phase of the exciting signal according to the phase parameter.
The number of the phase shifters 302 may be multiple, and the number of the phase shifters may be the number of the antenna elements 201, so that the corresponding phase adjustment of the excitation signals transmitted to different antenna elements 201 can be satisfied. Taking the number of the antenna units 201 as 4 as an example, each antenna unit 201 corresponds to one phase shifter 302, all the phase shifters 302 are connected to one power divider 301, after the power divider 301 adjusts the amplitude of the excitation signal according to the amplitude parameter, each phase shifter 302 adjusts the phase of the excitation signal according to the phase parameter, after different phase shifters 302 adjust the phase of the excitation signal, excitation signals with different phases can be obtained, and the excitation signals with the adjusted amplitudes and phases are transmitted to the corresponding antenna units 201, thereby realizing adjustment of the beam direction and shape of the short wave communication.
By dividing the parameter adjusting apparatus 300 into the power divider 301 and the plurality of phase shifters 302, the adjustment of the amplitude and phase of the excitation signal is made independent, thereby improving the efficiency of data processing.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna further includes an excitation controller 600, the excitation controller 600 is connected to the phase shifter 302 and the power divider 301, and the excitation controller 600 is configured to acquire communication parameters of the antenna array 200 and calculate adjustment parameters according to the communication parameters. The communication parameters include a communication azimuth parameter and an elevation parameter of the antenna unit 201.
When the antenna unit 201 performs short-wave communication, the antenna unit 201 has a corresponding communication azimuth angle and elevation angle, for example, an elevation angle parameter of the antenna unit 201 may be obtained through existing short-wave communication prediction software, then the excitation controller 600 may calculate an adjustment parameter (i.e., a phase parameter and an amplitude parameter) according to the acquired elevation angle parameter, and at the same time, the excitation controller 600 may send the calculated phase parameter to the four phase shifters 302 and send the calculated amplitude parameter to the power divider 301. In one embodiment, the excitation controller 600 may be implemented as a single chip or as a DSP chip.
By adopting the independent excitation controller 600 to calculate the adjustment parameters, the efficiency of data processing is ensured, so that the phase or amplitude of the excitation signal can be effectively adjusted in real time by the phase shifter 302 and the power divider 301, the beam direction and the beam shape of the antenna unit 201 can be adjusted in real time, the maximum beam is ensured to point to a user or a terminal, and the real-time communication effect of short-wave communication is ensured.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the short-wave smart antenna device further includes a signal processing apparatus 400, the signal processing apparatus 400 is connected to the parameter adjusting apparatus 300 and each antenna unit 201, the exciter 100 is further configured to generate a digital signal, and the signal processing apparatus 400 is configured to receive the digital signal, process the digital signal, and send the digital signal to the antenna unit 201.
The exciter 100 may also generate digital signals of various short-wave service types, such as a single-sideband signal, a constant amplitude signal, an amplitude modulation signal, and the like, and the signal processing apparatus 400 processes the digital signals and then transmits the processed signals through the antenna unit 201. By arranging the signal processing device 400, the exciter 100 as a signal source can generate not only an exciting signal but also digital signals of other short-wave service types, so that the whole antenna equipment can generate more different types of signals, the manufacturing cost of the antenna equipment is reduced, and the applicability of the antenna equipment is higher.
Further, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the signal processing apparatus 400 may include a digital-to-analog converter 401, and a digital signal generated by the exciter 100 is converted into an analog signal by the digital-to-analog converter 401 and then transmitted to each of the different antenna units 201, and accordingly, the signal processing apparatus 400 may further include a power amplifier 402, and when the digital-to-analog converter 401 converts the digital signal into the analog signal, the power amplifier 402 may be used to amplify the analog signal to facilitate the transmission of the signal by the antenna unit 201.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the short-wave smart antenna device further includes a feeding network 500, and the power amplifiers 402 are respectively connected to the antenna units 201 through the feeding network 500. Specifically, each antenna unit 201 is connected to a corresponding feed network 500, each feed network 500 is connected to a corresponding power amplifier 402, and each power amplifier 402 is connected to a corresponding digital-to-analog converter 401.
By setting a plurality of feed networks 500, a corresponding feed network 500 is allocated to each antenna unit 201, for example, when there are four antenna units 201, four feed networks 500 may be set, each antenna unit 201 is individually allocated with one feed network 500, the four feed networks 500 are independent from each other, and each feed network 500 is connected to one power amplifier 402 and a corresponding digital-to-analog converter 401, so that each antenna unit 201 has an independent signal processing channel, and effective guarantee is provided for normal signal transmission. Correspondingly, each independent signal processing channel can be further connected with a phase shifter 302 and a power divider 301, so that each antenna unit 201 can be further ensured to have an independent parameter adjusting channel, and therefore excitation signals transmitted to each antenna unit 201 are different, and flexible adjustment of beams and beam shapes of each antenna unit 201 is facilitated.
In one embodiment, the angle between each antenna element 201 and the horizontal plane ranges from-6 degrees to 6 degrees.
Considering that actually transmitted signals all need to have an elevation angle, when the antenna beam in free space is horizontal, and when 2 beams are superposed due to ground reflection when the antenna is erected in a near ground, the synthesized beam is upwarped, so the free space directional diagram of the antenna array selected in the example is horizontal. From the above analysis, when the included angle of the array element is larger than the field angle of the structure, the radiation characteristic of the sector array of the quaternary double-layer log periodic antenna is the best, but the vertical array is very troublesome to erect, because the short-wave antenna has very large size for taking care of the gain and standing wave of the low frequency band, when the height of the short-wave antenna is too low to erect in the near field, the oscillator working in the low frequency band is too close to the ground, which causes the efficiency to be sharply reduced, and the performance of the antenna is rapidly reduced. In this embodiment, taking a unit of four antennas as an example, the four antenna units 201 are arranged in a vertical sector array, the included angle between the uppermost antenna and the horizontal plane is 6 degrees, the included angle between the lowermost antenna and the horizontal plane is-6 degrees, and the included angles between the middle 2 pairs of antennas and the horizontal plane are-2 degrees and 2 degrees, respectively.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-gain short-wave smart antenna device, comprising:
an exciter for generating an excitation signal;
the antenna array comprises two or more antenna units, and the antenna units are arranged according to a vertical sector array;
and the parameter adjusting device is connected with the exciter and the antenna array and is used for acquiring adjusting parameters of each antenna unit, adjusting the excitation signal according to the adjusting parameters and sending the adjusted excitation signal to the corresponding antenna unit in the antenna array.
2. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment parameters comprise an amplitude parameter and a phase parameter.
3. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that said parameter adjusting means comprises a power divider connected to said exciter, said power divider being connected to each antenna element via said phase shifter, said power divider being adapted to adjust the amplitude of the exciter signal in dependence of said amplitude parameter, and a phase shifter adapted to adjust the phase of the exciter signal in dependence of said phase parameter.
4. The antenna apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising an excitation controller, wherein the excitation controller is connected to the phase shifter and the power divider, and is configured to collect communication parameters of an antenna array, and calculate the adjustment parameters according to the communication parameters, and the communication parameters include communication azimuth angle parameters and elevation angle parameters of antenna units.
5. The antenna device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a signal processing device, wherein the signal processing device is connected to the parameter adjusting device and each antenna unit, the exciter is further configured to generate a digital signal, and the signal processing device is configured to receive the digital signal, process the digital signal, and send the processed digital signal to the antenna unit.
6. The antenna device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the signal processing device comprises a digital-to-analog converter, the digital-to-analog converter is connected to the parameter adjusting device and each antenna unit, and the digital-to-analog converter is configured to convert the digital signal into an analog signal and send the analog signal to the antenna unit.
7. The antenna device according to claim 6, wherein the signal processing apparatus further comprises a power amplifier, the power amplifier is connected to the digital-to-analog converter and each antenna element, and the power amplifier is configured to amplify the analog signal.
8. The antenna device according to claim 7, further comprising a feeding network through which the power amplifiers are respectively connected to the respective antenna elements.
9. The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein each antenna unit is connected with a corresponding feed network, each feed network is connected with a corresponding power amplifier, and each power amplifier is connected with a corresponding digital-to-analog converter.
10. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein the angle between each antenna element and a horizontal plane is in a range of-6 degrees to 6 degrees.
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| CN201921113465.2U CN210040565U (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2019-07-16 | High-gain short-wave intelligent antenna equipment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112242611A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-19 | 深圳市威富通讯技术有限公司 | High-gain short-wave intelligent antenna equipment |
| CN112511201A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 东南大学 | Sky wave large-scale MIMO communication method, model and system |
| WO2021179160A1 (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Antenna and manufacturing method therefor, and antenna system |
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2019
- 2019-07-16 CN CN201921113465.2U patent/CN210040565U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112242611A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-19 | 深圳市威富通讯技术有限公司 | High-gain short-wave intelligent antenna equipment |
| WO2021179160A1 (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Antenna and manufacturing method therefor, and antenna system |
| CN113646967A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-11-12 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Antenna, manufacturing method thereof and antenna system |
| CN113646967B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2023-09-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Antenna, manufacturing method thereof and antenna system |
| US11942693B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2024-03-26 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Antenna, manufacturing method of the same and antenna system |
| CN112511201A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-16 | 东南大学 | Sky wave large-scale MIMO communication method, model and system |
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