CN210037399U - Consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device - Google Patents
Consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN210037399U CN210037399U CN201920332044.2U CN201920332044U CN210037399U CN 210037399 U CN210037399 U CN 210037399U CN 201920332044 U CN201920332044 U CN 201920332044U CN 210037399 U CN210037399 U CN 210037399U
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental apparatus. The device comprises a top cover plate, a bottom cover plate, a sample cylinder and two pressurizing piston mechanisms, wherein the sample cylinder is provided with a radial bending element pair, the upper end and the lower end of the sample cylinder are connected with the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and the two pressurizing piston mechanisms are arranged in the sample cylinder and extend out of the sample cylinder; the pressurizing piston mechanism comprises a piston plate, a guide plate, a permeable stone, a piston rod and a cap body, wherein the piston plate is arranged in the sample cylinder and is provided with a circular groove, the guide plate is provided with a guide groove and a guide plate converging hole, the axial bending element is arranged in a mounting hole of the guide plate and the permeable stone and penetrates out of a soil sample to be tested and inserted into the soil sample accommodating cavity, a rubber film jack is arranged on the inner wall of the hydraulic cavity, and two through holes communicated with the hydraulic cavity are formed in the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate. The utility model discloses can survey radial and ascending shear wave speed, osmotic coefficient, vertical deformation value simultaneously in a soil body, carry out the pollutant and puncture the experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to a testing device of geotechnical engineering cell cube, concretely relates to consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental apparatus can survey soil sample shear wave velocity, osmotic coefficient, consolidation compression coefficient simultaneously.
Background
Soil and groundwater contamination is currently a global challenge. In the global scope, more than 500 ten thousand polluted sites need to be treated. In China, the soil pollution degree exceeding 101 ten thousand square kilometers is expected, and the total treatment cost reaches 6821 million yuan. The non-compliant municipal solid waste landfill is one of the main causes of the above-mentioned current situation. At present, 1600 municipal solid waste landfill sites and 27000 simple landfill sites exist in China, the risk of leakage of percolate to surrounding underground water and soil generally exists, and the estimated treatment cost reaches 216 hundred million yuan.
The soil-bentonite-organic bentonite vertical antifouling barrier has low permeability, high adsorbability and good chemical compatibility, can effectively reduce the risk of percolate leakage for a long time, and has the potential of being widely applied to engineering sites. However, no scholars comprehensively evaluate the change of the permeability coefficient, the shear wave velocity and the compression coefficient of the material under the condition of being permeated by leachate for a long time. Although the traditional geotechnical triaxial apparatus can meet the requirements, the shear wave velocity in the vertical axial direction of the soil unit body can be measured only.
How to measure the shear wave velocity, the permeability coefficient and the compression coefficient in the radial direction and the axial direction simultaneously in one soil body is a technical problem which is lacked in the prior art and needs to be solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The key problem to providing in the background art, the utility model provides a survey test device of soil sample shear wave speed, osmotic coefficient, compression factor simultaneously, carry out the test device of infiltration, consolidation, survey shear wave speed to the soil sample simultaneously, be can test its radial and ascending shear wave speed of axial, osmotic coefficient, vertical deformation value and pollutant breakdown curve's test device simultaneously under soil unit body consolidation stress.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model comprises a top cover plate, a bottom cover plate, a sample cylinder and two pressurizing piston mechanisms which have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged up and down, wherein the side walls of the two sides of the middle part of the sample cylinder are symmetrically provided with radial bending element pairs, the upper and the lower ends of the sample cylinder are respectively connected with the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, the upper and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism main bodies are arranged inside the sample cylinder, and the upper and the lower pressurizing piston mechanisms respectively penetrate through the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate and extend out of the sample cylinder; the inner cavity of the sample cylinder between the upper pressurizing piston mechanism and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism forms a soil sample containing cavity, and a soil sample to be measured is placed in the soil sample containing cavity.
Each pressurizing piston mechanism comprises a piston plate, a guide plate, a permeable stone, a piston rod and a cap body, wherein the piston plate is arranged in the sample cylinder, the outer wall of the piston plate is matched and connected with the inner wall of the sample cylinder through a second O-shaped sealed ring, the permeable stone is arranged at the end face of the piston plate close to the center of the sample cylinder, the piston plate is provided with a circular groove at the center of the end face contacted with the permeable stone, the center of the bottom of the circular groove is provided with a sink groove, the guide plate is arranged in the circular groove, one end face of the guide plate close to the center of the sample cylinder is provided with a guide groove, one side of the guide plate close to the eccentric center of the end face of the sample cylinder is provided with a guide plate; the centers of the guide plate and the permeable stone are respectively provided with a mounting hole for mounting an axial bending element, and the axial bending element is arranged in the mounting holes of the guide plate and the permeable stone, penetrates out of the mounting holes and is inserted into a soil sample to be measured in the soil sample accommodating cavity; one end of the piston rod is connected to the center of the end face of the piston plate far away from the center of the sample cylinder through threads, the other end of the piston rod penetrates through the top cover plate/bottom cover plate and then is connected with the cap body through threads, the two sides of the cap body are respectively provided with an inlet and outlet hole and a bent element connecting wire outlet, and a bent element wire plug is arranged at the bent element connecting wire outlet; an axial hollow channel is arranged in the piston rod, one end of the hollow channel is communicated with the inlet and outlet hole and the outlet of the bent element connecting wire, and the other end of the hollow channel is communicated with the sinking groove of the piston plate; a hydraulic cavity is formed in the space of the inner cavity of the sample cylinder between the piston plate and the top cover plate/the bottom cover plate, an annular rubber film jack is arranged on the inner wall of the hydraulic cavity and is divided into four parts, namely an outer edge sealing part, an outer ring peripheral surface folding part, a bottom part and an inner ring peripheral surface part, and the four parts are sequentially connected into a whole; the outer edge sealing part is arranged between the outer end face of the sample cylinder and the top cover plate/bottom cover plate in a tightly attached mode, the outer ring circumferential surface folding part is arranged on the inner wall of the sample cylinder in a tightly attached mode, the bottom surface part is arranged on the end face, far away from the center of the sample cylinder, of the piston plate in a tightly attached mode, and the inner ring circumferential surface part is sleeved outside the piston rod in an interference fit mode; the outer ring circumferential surface fold part has elastic flexibility, and the outer edge sealing part, the bottom surface part and the inner ring circumferential surface part do not have elastic flexibility, so that the piston plate moves when a consolidation experiment and a permeation experiment are carried out, the outer ring circumferential surface fold part is driven to extend or contract, and the outer edge sealing part, the bottom surface part and the inner ring circumferential surface part are kept to be tightly attached to respective surfaces; two through holes communicated with the hydraulic cavity are formed in the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, one through hole is used as an overflow hole, a hydraulic cavity valve is installed on the other through hole, and an outlet of the hydraulic cavity valve is used as a hydraulic water inlet.
During consolidation experiment, liquid in the soil sample cavity penetrates through the permeable stone and enters each flow guide groove of the flow guide plate, then the liquid is gathered to the flow guide plate converging hole and then flows to the hollow channel inside the piston rod through the sink groove, and finally the liquid flows out from the flow inlet and outlet hole.
The sample cylinder, the pressurizing piston, the guide plate, the top cover plate, the bottom cover plate and the bolt are all made of stainless steel materials. The permeable stone is made of titanium alloy.
The top cover plate/bottom cover plate is provided with a central through hole, a cock is arranged in the central through hole and sleeved on the piston rod, a first O-shaped sealing ring is further sleeved on the piston rod between the cock and the top cover plate/bottom cover plate, and the cock is screwed into the central through hole and then compresses the first O-shaped sealing ring at the gap between the piston rod and the central through hole.
In the upper and lower pressurizing piston mechanisms, a dial indicator is arranged on one side of the cap body far away from the center of the sample tube and fixed on the top cover plate/the bottom cover plate through a bracket, the probe end of the dial indicator faces the cap body, and the dial indicator measures the distance between the probe end and the cap body.
The upper end and the lower end of the sample cylinder are respectively provided with a flange, the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate are respectively arranged on the flange flanges arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample cylinder through fastening short bolts, and the sample cylinder is fixed through support long bolts.
An annular groove is formed between the flange of the sample cylinder and the end face of the top cover plate/the end face of the bottom cover plate, a rubber sealing gasket is arranged in the annular groove, the outer edge sealing part extends through the annular groove, and the rubber sealing gasket is positioned between the end faces of the top cover plate/the end face of the bottom cover plate of the outer edge sealing part.
The axial bending element comprises a bending element probe, a hollow bolt and a connecting wire, the mounting hole of the guide plate is a threaded hole, the mounting hole of the permeable stone is a through hole, the bending element probe is fixed in the hollow bolt, the hollow bolt is mounted in the threaded hole of the guide plate through threads, the detection end of the bending element probe penetrates through the through hole of the permeable stone and then is inserted into a soil sample to be detected in the soil sample accommodating cavity, the input/output end of the bending element probe is connected to an external receiving circuit through the connecting wire, the connecting wire is wired to penetrate into a bending element plug at the outlet of the bending element connecting wire after sequentially passing through the hollow passage of the hollow bolt, the sink groove and the piston rod, and the bending element plug penetrates out of the bending element plug.
The device also comprises a percolate storage tank, an air pressure regulating valve, a pressure water tank, a peristaltic pump, an inflow pressure chamber, an outflow pressure chamber, a waste liquid collecting container, an outflow flowmeter and an outflow sampling port; the outlet of the percolate storage box is connected to the inlet of a pressure water tank, the outlet of the pressure water tank is connected to the inlet of an inflow pressure chamber through a peristaltic pump, the outlet of the inflow pressure chamber is connected to an inflow hole of a sample cylinder, an outflow hole of the sample cylinder is connected to the inlet of an outflow pressure chamber, and the outlet of the outflow pressure chamber is connected to a waste liquid collecting container; the air source is connected to the top of the pressure water tank, the inflow pressure chamber and the outflow pressure chamber through the air pressure regulating valve.
The utility model discloses a design installation of pressurization piston mechanism structure and sample section of thick bamboo structure makes can realize consolidating-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experiment, realizes consolidating simultaneously promptly-infiltration-shear wave velocity's test on same device.
The utility model discloses further cooperation flowmeter, pore pressure meter, pollutant concentration test system, the saturated constant head system of back pressure realize consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experiment.
The utility model discloses a very jack of rubber membrane is pushed and is moved the pressurization piston pressurization, and the cavity passageway drainage realizes consolidating the function. The axial and radial shear wave velocities of the soil sample are tested through the axial bending element pair embedded into the circle center of the guide plate and the radial bending element pair on the side wall of the sample cylinder. The seepage liquid flows into the soil sample through the lower hollow channel and finally flows out to the inflow and outflow hole through the upper hollow channel so as to realize the seepage function.
Compared with the background art, the utility model discloses the beneficial effect who has is:
(1) the utility model discloses pioneering ground coupled radial and axial shear wave speed measurement test, infiltration/pollutant breakdown test, consolidation test that go on in the soil sample, solved the unable defect of testing the radial shear wave speed of soil sample of traditional geotechnological triaxial experiment.
(2) The utility model discloses a pressurization piston adds the same load to the soil sample simultaneously from top to bottom for the upper and lower surface of the soil body impels the same displacement to its middle part simultaneously, thereby locates to make in the crooked unit of the half high position of the soil body can not receive the shearing action because the soil body warp.
(3) By correlating the effluent concentration curve of the pollutants with the radial and axial shear wave velocity change curves, the shear wave velocity value is used as a pollution degree measuring and monitoring means of the antifouling barrier.
(4) The utility model discloses a rubber membrane jack pressurization, its and the sample section of thick bamboo between frictional force is little, the loss of the axial load that has significantly reduced. The air tightness is good, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention at 1-1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the axial bending element mounting of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic partial sectional view of the rubber membrane jack of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a baffle surface arrangement.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a top cover plate, 2, a sample cylinder, 3, a piston rod, 4, a cap body, 5, a bracket long bolt, 6, a fastening short bolt, 7, an overflow hole, 8, a dial indicator, 9, a hydraulic water inlet, 10, an inflow and outflow hole, 11, a bending element connecting wire outlet, 12, a radial bending element pair, 13, a bottom cover plate, 14, a first O-shaped sealing ring, 15, a cock, 16, a piston plate, 17, a rubber membrane jack, 18, a hydraulic cavity, 19, a guide plate, 20, a guide groove, 21, a guide plate inflow hole, 22, a water permeable stone, 23, an axial bending element pair, 24, a second O-shaped sealing ring, 25, a rubber sealing gasket, 26, a hydraulic cavity valve, 27, a hollow channel, 28, a soil sample cavity, 29, a percolate storage tank, 30, an air pressure regulating valve, 31, a pressure water tank, 32, a peristaltic pump, 33, an inflow pressure chamber, 34, an inflow flowmeter, 35 and a hole manometer, 36. an outflow pressure chamber 37, a waste liquid collecting container 38, a pressure/volume change controller 39, a bending element testing system 40, an outflow flowmeter 41, an outflow sampling port 42 and a valve; 17-1, an outer ring circumferential surface corrugated part, 17-2, an inner ring circumferential surface part, 17-3, an outer edge sealing part, 23-1, a bending element probe, 23-2, a hollow bolt, 23-3 and a connecting wire.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
The terminology used in the present application, unless otherwise specified, is generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention includes a top cover plate 1, a bottom cover plate 13, a sample tube 2 and two pressurizing piston mechanisms with the same structure and arranged symmetrically up and down, wherein the side walls of both sides of the middle part of the sample tube 2 are symmetrically provided with radial bending element pairs 12, the upper and lower ends of the sample tube 2 are respectively connected with the top cover plate 1 and the bottom cover plate 13, the upper and lower pressurizing piston mechanism bodies are installed inside the sample tube 2, and the upper and lower pressurizing piston mechanisms respectively penetrate through the top cover plate 1 and the bottom cover plate 13 and extend out of the sample tube 2; the inner cavity of the sample cylinder 2 between the upper pressurizing piston mechanism and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism forms a soil sample containing cavity 28, and a soil sample to be measured is placed in the soil sample containing cavity 28.
The upper end and the lower end of the sample cylinder 2 are both provided with flange flanges, the top cover plate 1 and the bottom cover plate 13 are both arranged on the flange flanges arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample cylinder 2 through fastening short bolts 6, and the whole device is fixed through support long bolts 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the top cover plate 1 and the bottom cover plate 13 are both provided with two through holes communicated with the hydraulic chamber 18, one through hole is used as an overflow hole, the other through hole is provided with a hydraulic chamber valve 26, and the outlet of the hydraulic chamber valve 26 is used as a hydraulic water inlet 9.
As shown in fig. 2-3, each pressurizing piston mechanism comprises a piston plate 16, a guide plate 19, a permeable stone, 22, a piston rod 3 and a cap body 4, the piston plate 16 is arranged in the sample cylinder 2, the outer wall of the piston plate 16 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the sample cylinder 2 through a second O-shaped sealing ring 24, the permeable stone 22 is arranged at the end surface of the piston plate 16 close to the center of the sample cylinder 2, a circular groove is formed in the center of the end surface of the piston plate 16 contacting with the permeable stone 19, a sunken groove is formed in the center of the bottom of the circular groove and is communicated with a hollow channel 27 inside the piston rod 3, the guide plate 19 is arranged in the circular groove, a plurality of annular guide grooves 20 which are concentrically arranged are formed in one end surface of the guide plate 19 close to the center of the sample cylinder 2, the plurality of guide grooves 20 are communicated through a radial guide channel, and a guide plate collecting hole 21 is formed, the baffle groove 20 communicates with the baffle manifold hole 21 and the baffle manifold hole 21 communicates with the sink groove as shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 2, mounting holes for mounting the axial bending elements 23 are formed in the centers of the guide plate 19 and the permeable stone 22, and the axial bending elements 23 are mounted in the mounting holes of the guide plate 19 and the permeable stone 22, penetrate through the mounting holes and are inserted into a soil sample to be measured in the soil sample accommodating cavity 28; one end of a piston rod 3 is connected to the center of the end face of a piston plate 16 far away from the center of a sample tube 2 in a sealing mode through threads, the other end of the piston rod 3 penetrates through a top cover plate 1/bottom cover plate 13 and then is connected with a cap body 4 in a sealing mode through threads, the cap body 4 of an upper pressurizing piston mechanism is a top cap, the cap body 4 of a lower pressurizing piston mechanism is a bottom cap, an inflow and outflow hole 10 and a bent element connecting wire outlet 11 are formed in the two sides of the cap body 4 respectively, and a bent element connecting wire plug is installed; an axial hollow channel 27 is arranged in the piston rod 3, one end of the hollow channel 27 is communicated with the inlet and outlet hole 10 and the bending element connecting wire outlet 11, and the other end of the hollow channel 27 is communicated with the sinking groove of the piston plate 16.
As shown in fig. 4, a hydraulic chamber 18 is formed in the inner cavity space of the sample cylinder 2 between the piston plate 16 and the top cover plate 1/the bottom cover plate 13, an annular rubber film jack 17 is arranged on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 18, the rubber film jack 17 is divided into four parts, namely an outer edge sealing part 17-3, an outer ring circumferential surface folding part 17-1, a bottom surface part and an inner ring circumferential surface part 17-2, and the four parts are sequentially connected into a whole along the radial direction; the outer edge sealing part 17-3 is arranged between the outer end face of the sample cylinder 2 and the top cover plate 1/bottom cover plate 13 in a clinging manner, the outer ring circumferential surface fold part 17-1 is arranged on the inner wall of the sample cylinder 2 in a clinging manner, the bottom surface part is arranged on the end face, far away from the center of the sample cylinder 2, of the piston plate 16 in a clinging manner, the inner ring circumferential surface part 17-2 is sleeved outside the piston rod 3 in an interference fit manner, the inner ring circumferential surface part 17-2 tightly wraps the outer circumferential surface of the piston rod 3, and the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring circumferential surface part 17-2 can; the outer ring circumferential surface folded part 17-1 has elastic flexibility, the outer edge sealing part 17-3, the bottom surface part and the inner ring circumferential surface part 17-2 do not have elastic flexibility, so that the piston plate 16 moves when a consolidation experiment and a penetration experiment are carried out to drive the outer ring circumferential surface folded part 17-1 to extend or contract, the outer edge sealing part 17-3, the bottom surface part and the inner ring circumferential surface part 17-2 are kept to be tightly attached to respective surface rubber film jacks to achieve better hydraulic pressure keeping, and the hydraulic pressure loss is prevented.
An annular groove is arranged between the flange of the sample cylinder 2 and the end face of the top cover plate 1/the bottom cover plate 13, a rubber sealing gasket 25 is arranged in the annular groove, the outer edge sealing part 17-3 extends through the annular groove, and the rubber sealing gasket 25 is positioned between the outer edge sealing part 17-3 and the end face of the top cover plate 1/the bottom cover plate 13.
The top cover plate 1/bottom cover plate 13 is provided with a central through hole, a cock 15 is arranged in the central through hole, the cock 15 is sleeved on the piston rod 3, a first O-shaped sealing ring 14 is further sleeved on the piston rod 3 between the cock 15 and the top cover plate 1/bottom cover plate 13, and the cock 15 is screwed into the central through hole to tightly press the first O-shaped sealing ring 14 at a gap between the piston rod 3 and the central through hole, so that the sealing between the piston rod 3 and the top cover plate 1/bottom cover plate 13 is realized. The tightening of the cock 15 ensures the tightness of the interior of the hydraulic chamber 18 while keeping the friction between the first O-ring 14 and the piston rod 3 as low as possible.
There is not the membrane structure like the rubber membrane jack 17 among the prior art usually, the liquid pressure who applies to hydraulic pressure chamber 18 exerts pressure to soil sample appearance chamber 28 through piston plate 16 when, can lose a part because of the too big frictional force that interference fit produced between piston plate 16 and the sample section of thick bamboo 2. The utility model discloses a behind rubber membrane jack 17, then interference fit between piston plate 16 and the sample section of thick bamboo 2 alright be replaced by clearance fit, and the inside hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 18 can let the bottom surface part of rubber membrane jack 17 squeeze the space between piston plate 16 and the sample section of thick bamboo 2 tightly. The movement of the pressurizing piston mechanism to the soil body can be realized only by pulling the peripheral surface fold part 17-1 of the outer ring of the rubber film jack 17. The design greatly reduces the friction force generated in the process that the pressurizing piston mechanism moves towards the soil body, and further keeps the liquid pressure applied to the hydraulic cavity 18 and the pressure applied to the soil sample accommodating cavity 28 basically consistent.
As shown in fig. 2, during the consolidation test, the liquid in the soil sample cavity 28 penetrates through the permeable stone 19 and enters each diversion trench 20 of the diversion plate 19, then converges to the diversion plate converging hole 21, then flows to the hollow channel 27 inside the piston rod 3 through the sink, and finally flows out from the inflow and outflow hole 10.
In two upper and lower pressurization piston mechanisms, the cap body 4 is equipped with percentage table 8 in the side direction of one side of keeping away from sample cylinder 2 central authorities, percentage table 8 is fixed in top apron 1/bottom apron 13 through the support on, and the probe end of percentage table 8 is towards cap body 4 and is used for the contact to be connected to cap body 4 outer tip, and the distance between indicator end and the cap body 4 is measured to percentage table 8, measures the soil sample axial deformation value that awaits measuring.
As shown in FIG. 3, the axial bending element 23 comprises a bending element probe 23-1, a hollow bolt 23-2 and a connecting wire 23-3, the mounting hole of the guide plate 19 is a threaded hole, the mounting hole of the permeable stone 22 is a through hole, the bending element probe 23-1 is fixed in the hollow bolt 23-2, the hollow bolt 23-2 is mounted in the threaded hole of the guide plate 19 through threads, specifically, a raw material belt is wound on the surface of the hollow bolt 23-2 and then screwed into the threaded hole, the detection end of the bending element probe 23-1 penetrates through the through hole of the permeable stone 22 and then is inserted into the soil sample to be detected in the soil sample cavity 28, and the depth of the bending element probe 23-1 extending into the soil sample to be detected in the sample cylinder can be adjusted by changing the number of screwing turns of the hollow bolt 23. The input/output end of the bending element probe 23-1 is connected to an external circuit system through a connecting wire 23-3, the connecting wire 23-3 is sequentially routed through a hollow bolt 23-2, a sink groove and a hollow channel 27, then penetrates into a bending element plug of the bending element connecting wire outlet 11, and is connected to an external receiving circuit after penetrating out of the bending element plug.
The hollow bolt 23-2 is made of nylon jackscrew, the bending element sheet in the bending element probe 23-1 is processed by standard brass reinforced piezoelectric ceramic plate produced by Pizeo system company in America, and a gap between the bending element sheet and the hollow bolt is filled by AB glue.
In specific implementation, the connecting lines of the left and right bending element pairs on the two side walls of the sample tube 2 are directly led out. The connecting line of the upper and lower bending element pairs in the inner cavity of the sample cylinder 2 is led out to the connecting line outlet 11 of the bending element at the end of the piston rod after passing through the hollow channel, and the bending element line plugs are sealed, so that seepage liquid is effectively prevented from leaking from the connecting line outlet.
As shown in fig. 6, the embodiment further comprises a percolate storage tank 29, an air pressure regulating valve 30, a pressure water tank 31, a peristaltic pump 32, an inflow pressure chamber 33, an outflow pressure chamber 36, a waste liquid collection container 37 and an outflow flow meter 40; the outlet of the percolate storage tank 29 is connected to the inlet of a pressure water tank 31, the outlet of the pressure water tank 31 is connected to the inlet of an inflow pressure chamber 33 through a peristaltic pump 32, the outlet of the inflow pressure chamber 33 is connected to an inflow hole of a lower pressurizing piston mechanism, an outflow hole of an upper pressurizing piston mechanism is connected to the inlet of an outflow pressure chamber 36, and the outlet of the outflow pressure chamber 36 is connected to a waste liquid collecting container 37; the gas supply is connected to the top of a pressure tank 31, an inflow pressure chamber 33 and an outflow pressure chamber 36 via a gas pressure regulating valve 30.
The pressure/volume-variable controller 38 functions as a hydraulic source and is connected to the hydraulic chamber valve 26, and the bending element testing system 39 is used for collecting test data of two pairs of bending elements and analyzing and processing the test data to obtain a shear wave velocity value in the test soil sample.
In a specific implementation, a pipeline between the inflow pressure chamber 33 and the inflow hole of the lower pressurizing piston mechanism is provided with an inflow flowmeter 34, a pipeline between the outflow hole of the upper pressurizing piston mechanism and the outflow pressure chamber 36 is provided with a hole pressure gauge 35, an outflow flowmeter 40 and an outflow sampling port 41, and the outlet of the outflow pressure chamber 36 is connected to a waste liquid collecting container 37 through a valve 42. Valves 42 are arranged on the pipelines between the percolate storage tank 29 and the pressure water tank 31, between the pressure water tank 31 and the peristaltic pump 32, between the peristaltic pump 32 and the inflow pressure chamber 33, and between the inflow pressure chamber 33 and the sample cylinder 2.
The inflow pressure chamber 33 is internally connected with a guide pipe extending to the space above the inner cavity from the bottom inlet, a sleeve made of PVC is fixedly bonded on a base platform of the inflow pressure chamber 33, the outlet of the guide pipe is positioned right above the upper surface of the sleeve, outflow liquid of the guide pipe is dripped into the sleeve until the sleeve is filled with inflow liquid, and the upper surface of the sleeve is an inflow water head. The outflow pressure chamber 36 is internally connected with a guide pipe extending from the bottom inlet to the space above the inner cavity, the guide pipe discharges outflow liquid, and the outlet of the guide pipe is an outflow water head. The height difference between the inflow head and the outflow head forms the constant head difference required for the permeation/contaminant breakdown experiment.
The utility model discloses a concrete implementation process as follows:
A. the technical scheme of consolidation comprises the following processes:
1) pressurization protocol
The soil to be tested is loaded into the soil sample cavity 28, and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism, the permeable stone 22 and the filter paper are generally installed first, and then the permeable stone 22, the filter paper and the upper pressurizing piston mechanism are installed after the soil to be tested is loaded.
The airless water is output from the pressure/volume-variable controller 38, enters the hydraulic cavity 18 after passing through the two hydraulic cavity valves 26 of the upper and lower pressurizing piston mechanisms, and the redundant liquid overflows through the overflow hole 7, so that the hydraulic cavity 18 is ensured to be filled with liquid and not be aerated.
The input hydraulic pressure without water is increased to the required consolidation pressure, the upper and lower rubber film jacks 17 apply pressure to the upper and lower piston plates 16 simultaneously, so that the rubber film 17-1 which is pasted on the inner wall of the sample tube 2 and is in a fold shape is pulled to push the pressurizing piston, and further, axial pressure is applied to the soil body to be measured in the soil sample accommodating cavity 28. Therefore, the pressure loss in the pressurizing process can be greatly reduced, and the technical problem that the pressure is easy to lose in the pressurizing process is solved.
The piston plate 16 and the sample cylinder 2 are in clearance fit, the rubber film jack 17 provides tight fit between the piston plate 16 and the sample cylinder 2, and the hydraulic pressure in the rubber film jack enables the bottom surface of the rubber film jack 17 to partially squeeze a gap between the piston plate 16 and the sample cylinder 2, so that soil samples are effectively prevented from being extruded and then gushed above the piston plate 16. When the piston plate 16 pushes the soil sample, only the peripheral surface fold part 17-1 of the outer ring of the rubber film jack 17 needs to be pulled, so that the sliding friction between the piston plate 16 and the inner wall of the sample cylinder 2 is effectively avoided, and the friction force generated in the process that the pressurizing piston mechanism moves to the soil sample is greatly reduced.
2) Drainage scheme
The soil body to be measured is drained under consolidation pressure, water on the upper surface and the lower surface sequentially passes through the permeable stone 22, then is guided by the guide grooves 20 on the surfaces of the guide plates 19, is collected and flows into the guide plate converging hole 21, then flows through the sinking groove in the center of the bottom of the circular groove and the hollow channel 27 in the piston rod 3, finally flows to the inflow and outflow hole 10 at the end part of the piston rod 3, and flows out to an external pipeline system through the quick-screwing interface.
B. The technical scheme comprises the following processes:
1) a water guiding scheme.
On one hand, the airless water is output from the pressure/volume change controller 38, passes through the two hydraulic chamber valves 26 of the top cover plate 1 and the bottom cover plate 13 and enters the hydraulic chamber 18, and the excessive liquid overflows through the overflow hole 7, so that the hydraulic chamber 18 is filled with a certain pressure.
Seepage liquid enters from the inflow hole, respectively passes through the hollow channel 27 in the piston rod 3 in the lower pressurizing piston mechanism, the guide plate converging hole 21, the guide groove 20 on the surface of the guide plate 16 and the permeable stone 22, then enters into the soil sample to be tested, and finally flows out from the outflow hole after passing through the permeable stone 22 in the upper pressurizing piston mechanism, the guide groove 20 on the surface of the guide plate 16, the guide plate converging hole 21 and the hollow channel 27 in the piston rod 3.
2) A saturation scheme.
In order to ensure that the measured permeability coefficient of the saturated soil sample is obtained, the inflow pressure chamber 33 and the outflow pressure chamber 36 respectively apply pressure (the pressure is also called back pressure) to the inflow seepage liquid and the outflow seepage liquid, so that gas in the soil sample is dissolved in water and then discharged, and the soil sample is saturated.
3) Contaminant breakdown curve determination protocol.
An outflow sampling port 41 is arranged between the outflow hole of the upper pressurizing piston mechanism and the outflow pressure chamber 36, so that a polluted liquid outflow sample can be obtained in the outflow pipeline at intervals after the pollutants start to permeate.
And (4) determining the concentration of the pollutants in the effluent sample to obtain the breakdown curve of the researched pollutants.
C. The technical scheme process of the shear wave velocity test is as follows:
1) and (3) directly screwing the manufactured bending element pair into two internal thread holes formed in two sides of the half-height of the outer wall of the sample cylinder, and further testing the shear wave velocity of the soil sample to be tested in the horizontal radial direction within the height range of the bending element pair.
2) And screwing the bending element pair into the internal thread hole at the circle center positions of the upper and lower guide plates so as to test the shear wave velocity of the soil body to be tested in the vertical axial direction.
Through the experimental results, the permeability coefficient and the vertical deformation value of the soil unit body at a certain depth of the vertical antifouling barrier under the self-weight consolidation stress of the soil unit body are changed by the long-term infiltration of the percolate, and the retardation factor of corresponding pollutants can be obtained (1), and the long-term service performance of the soil-organic bentonite in the municipal solid waste landfill site is comprehensively evaluated. (2) And correlating the shear wave velocity in the radial direction and the axial direction with the pollution effluent concentration, and providing a means for measuring and monitoring the pollution degree of the antifouling barrier by using the shear wave velocity value.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a as follows:
the soil-bentonite-organobentonite is prepared by mixing certain proportions of inner Mongolia Gougio bentonite, Shenzhen Guanming new region construction residue soil, YS2001 organobentonite produced by Tianjin Shuangrui organobentonite Co. The landfill leachate is obtained from old landfill leachate (hereinafter referred to as leachate).
Applying axial pressure P in a rigid consolidated drainage cartridgee(the dead weight effective stress of the soil unit body at a certain depth of the vertical antifouling barrier) to the mixed soil-bentonite-organobentonite and draining water. Taking out the pre-consolidated soil sample, cutting the pre-consolidated soil sample into a soil column with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 10cm, and putting the soil column into the utility model.
The parts are joined according to fig. 6. And introducing deionized water into the hydraulic cavity 18 until the water overflows the overflow hole 7, then replacing the pressure/volume-variable controller 38 to continuously introduce the deionized water into the hydraulic cavity 18 until the pipeline is filled with the water, overflowing the overflow hole 7 again, closing the overflow hole 7, and returning the volume variable value of the pressure/volume-variable controller 38 to zero. The withdrawn percolate is placed in a percolate storage tank 29, from which 10 liters of percolate are passed by means of a high head into a pressure water tank 31.
The inflow valve of the pressure tank 31 is closed. P is applied by the air pressure regulating valve 301The air pressure of the same is fed into the pressure water tank 31, the inflow pressure chamber 33 and the outflow pressure chamber 36. The peristaltic pump 32 is started, the outflow valve of the pressure water tank and the inflow valve of the inflow pressure chamber are opened, so that the percolate in the pressure water tank 31 flows into the guide pipe inside the pressure chamber 33 and flows into the inner sleeve until overflowing. Opening the outlet valve of the inlet pressure chamber 33 to make the hydraulic pressure P1Size of percolate through inflowThe hole enters the soil sample to be measured and is simultaneously applied with P2(P2＝P1+Pe) The large and small shafts are pressed onto the soil sample 28. And closing an outflow valve of the inflow pressure chamber 33 and an inflow valve of the outflow pressure chamber 36, increasing the axial pressure by 20kpa, measuring the change value of the pore pressure meter 35, and further measuring the Skempton B value of the soil sample to be measured according to the increased axial pressure value and the change value of the pore water pressure.
Then reducing the shaft pressure back to P2And opens the outlet valve of the inlet pressure chamber 33 and the inlet valve of the outlet pressure chamber 36. If the Skempton B value does not reach 0.95. The back pressure P is increased at the same time1Axial pressure P250kpa and continue to measure according to the above procedure while increasing back pressure P1Axial pressure P2And then measuring the Skempton B value of the soil sample, and continuing until the Skempton B value is more than or equal to 0.95. The soil sample may be considered to be saturated and a leachate breakdown test at constant head is being performed.
(A) Obtaining the breakdown curve of various pollutants of the soil-organic bentonite under the long-term infiltration of the percolate
And collecting effluent samples into small reagent bottles at effluent sampling ports 41 at 0h,2h,4h,8h,16h,24h,2d,3d,4d, … 10d,12d,14d, … 30d,35d,40d and … 60d after soil saturation. And measuring the concentration of various pollutants in the sample, drawing a pollutant breakdown curve, and reversely deducing R of various pollutantsdValue, DLThe value is obtained. The retarding properties of the clay-bentonite-organobentonite clay for various contaminants were evaluated.
(B) Obtaining the change curve of the permeability coefficient of the soil-organic bentonite under the long-term infiltration of the percolate
And after the readings of the inflow flowmeter 34 and the outflow flowmeter 40 are stable and the ratio of the inflow flow value to the outflow flow value is between 0.75 and 1.25, starting to measure the permeability coefficient (K), wherein K is Q/(A.i). The average flow values of the influent and effluent are calculated as permeability coefficient values without regard to the initial hydraulic gradient. The permeability coefficient values of 1d,2d,3d, … 10d,12d,14d, … 30d,35d,40d, … 60d were measured. The curve of the permeability coefficient changing along with time can be used for analyzing the long-term service performance of the novel soil-bentonite-organic bentonite. If the K value is obviously reduced along with the time, the chemical compatibility of the novel soil-bentonite-organic bentonite is poor.
(C) Obtaining the change curve of radial and axial shear wave velocity of the soil-organic bentonite under the long-term infiltration of the percolate
The connecting line of the pair of radial benders 12 and the pair of axial benders 23 is connected to a benders test system 39. And reading shear wave velocity values at 0h,2h,4h,8h,16h,24h,2d,3d,4d, … 10d,12d,14d, … 30d,35d,40d and … 60d after soil saturation, and drawing a time change curve of the axial shear wave velocity and the radial shear wave velocity. And (3) correlating the breakdown curve of the pollutant with the change curves of the axial shear wave velocity and the radial shear wave velocity, and exploring the possibility that the axial shear wave velocity value and the radial shear wave velocity value are used as a pollutant outflow concentration monitoring means in the impervious curtain.
(D) Determination of soil deformation value
And (4) taking the soil body just saturated as an initial position, and enabling the reading of the dial indicator at the moment to return to zero. And adding the upper and lower end percentage table values to obtain vertical deformation values corresponding to the soil bodies 5d, 10d,20d,30d and … 60d respectively. And compared and checked with the deformation value derived from the volume change value displayed by the pressure/volume change controller 38. The obtained deformation value can evaluate the expansibility and chemical compatibility of the soil-bentonite-organic bentonite.
The foregoing description and specific embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It should be noted, however, that this is not a limitation of the present invention. Any modification and change made to the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device is characterized in that: the device comprises a top cover plate (1), a bottom cover plate (13), a sample cylinder (2) and two pressurizing piston mechanisms which are identical in structure and are symmetrically arranged up and down, wherein radial bending element pairs (12) are symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the middle of the sample cylinder (2), the upper end and the lower end of the sample cylinder (2) are respectively connected with the top cover plate (1) and the bottom cover plate (13), the upper pressurizing piston mechanism body and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism body are arranged inside the sample cylinder (2), and the upper pressurizing piston mechanism and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism respectively penetrate through the top cover plate (1) and the bottom cover plate (13) and extend out of the sample cylinder; an inner cavity of the sample cylinder (2) between the upper pressurizing piston mechanism and the lower pressurizing piston mechanism forms a soil sample containing cavity (28), and a soil sample to be tested is placed in the soil sample containing cavity (28);
each pressurizing piston mechanism comprises a piston plate (16), a guide plate (19), a permeable stone (22), a piston rod (3) and a cap body (4), the piston plate (16) is arranged in the sample cylinder (2), the outer wall of the piston plate (16) is matched and connected with the inner wall of the sample cylinder (2) through a second O-shaped sealed ring (24), the permeable stone (22) is arranged at the end face of the piston plate (16) close to the center of the sample cylinder (2), a circular groove is formed in the center of the end face of the piston plate (16) in contact with the permeable stone (22), a sink groove is formed in the center of the bottom of the circular groove, the guide plate (19) is arranged in the circular groove, a guide groove (20) is formed in one end face of the guide plate (19) close to the center of the sample cylinder (2), a guide plate collecting hole (21) is formed in one eccentric side of the end face of the guide plate (19) close to the center of the sample cylinder (, the guide plate converging hole (21) is communicated with the sink; mounting holes for mounting the axial bending elements (23) are formed in the centers of the guide plate (19) and the permeable stone (22), and the axial bending elements (23) are mounted in the mounting holes of the guide plate (19) and the permeable stone (22), penetrate through the mounting holes and then are inserted into a soil sample to be tested in the soil sample accommodating cavity (28); one end of a piston rod (3) is connected to the center of the end face of a piston plate (16) far away from the center of a sample cylinder (2) through threads, the other end of the piston rod (3) penetrates through a top cover plate (1)/a bottom cover plate (13) and then is connected with a cap body (4) through threads, an inflow and outflow hole (10) and a bent element connecting wire outlet (11) are respectively formed in two sides of the cap body (4), and a bent element wire plug is installed at the bent element connecting wire outlet (11); an axial hollow channel (27) is arranged in the piston rod (3), one end of the hollow channel (27) is communicated with the inlet and outlet hole (10) and the bent element connecting wire outlet (11), and the other end of the hollow channel (27) is communicated with a sinking groove of the piston plate (16); a hydraulic cavity (18) is formed in the inner cavity space of the sample cylinder (2) between the piston plate (16) and the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13), an annular rubber film jack (17) is arranged on the inner wall of the hydraulic cavity (18), the rubber film jack (17) is divided into four parts, namely an outer edge sealing part (17-3), an outer ring circumferential surface folding part (17-1), a bottom surface part and an inner ring circumferential surface part (17-2), and the four parts are sequentially connected into a whole; the outer edge sealing part (17-3) is arranged between the outer end face of the sample cylinder (2) and the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13) in a tightly attached mode, the outer ring circumferential surface fold part (17-1) is arranged on the inner wall of the sample cylinder (2) in a tightly attached mode, the bottom surface part is arranged on the end face, away from the center of the sample cylinder (2), of the piston plate (16) in a tightly attached mode, and the inner ring circumferential surface part (17-2) is sleeved outside the piston rod (3) in a tightly attached mode in an interference; the outer ring circumferential surface folded part (17-1) has elastic flexibility, the outer edge sealing part (17-3), the bottom surface part and the inner ring circumferential surface part (17-2) do not have elastic flexibility, so that the piston plate (16) moves when a consolidation experiment and a penetration experiment are carried out to drive the outer ring circumferential surface folded part (17-1) to stretch or contract, and the outer edge sealing part (17-3), the bottom surface part and the inner ring circumferential surface part (17-2) are kept to be tightly attached to respective surfaces; two through holes communicated with the hydraulic cavity (18) are formed in the top cover plate (1) and the bottom cover plate (13), one through hole is used as an overflow hole, a hydraulic cavity valve (26) is installed on the other through hole, and an outlet of the hydraulic cavity valve (26) is used as a hydraulic water inlet (9).
2. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: during consolidation experiments, liquid in the soil sample accommodating cavity (28) penetrates through the permeable stone (22) to enter each flow guide groove (20) of the flow guide plate (19), then is converged into the flow guide plate convergence hole (21), then flows into the hollow channel (27) in the piston rod (3) through the sinking groove, and finally flows out from the flow inlet and outlet hole (10).
3. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: the piston rod sealing structure is characterized in that a central through hole is formed in the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13), a cock (15) is installed in the central through hole, the cock (15) is sleeved on the piston rod (3), a first O-shaped sealing ring (14) is further sleeved on the piston rod (3) between the cock (15) and the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13), and the cock (15) is screwed into the central through hole and then compresses the first O-shaped sealing ring (14) at a gap between the piston rod (3) and the central through hole.
4. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: in the upper and lower pressurizing piston mechanisms, a dial indicator (8) is arranged on one side of the cap body (4) far away from the center of the sample cylinder (2), the dial indicator (8) is fixed on the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13) through a bracket, the probe end of the dial indicator (8) faces the cap body (4), and the dial indicator (8) measures the distance between the probe end and the cap body (4).
5. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end and the lower end of the sample cylinder (2) are respectively provided with a flange, the top cover plate (1) and the bottom cover plate (13) are respectively arranged on the flange flanges arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample cylinder (2) through fastening short bolts (6), and the sample cylinder (2) is fixed through support long bolts (5).
6. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental apparatus of claim 5, wherein: an annular groove is formed between the flange of the sample cylinder (2) and the end faces of the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13), a rubber sealing gasket (25) is installed in the annular groove, the outer edge sealing part (17-3) extends through the annular groove, and the rubber sealing gasket (25) is located between the outer edge sealing part (17-3) and the end faces of the top cover plate (1)/the bottom cover plate (13).
7. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: the axial bending element (23) comprises a bending element probe (23-1), a hollow bolt (23-2) and a connecting wire (23-3), a mounting hole of the guide plate (19) is a threaded hole, a mounting hole of the permeable stone (22) is a through hole, the bending element probe (23-1) is fixed in the hollow bolt (23-2), the hollow bolt (23-2) is mounted in the threaded hole of the guide plate (19) through threads, a detection end of the bending element probe (23-1) penetrates through the through hole of the permeable stone (22) and then is inserted into a soil sample to be detected in the soil sample accommodating cavity (28), an input/output end of the bending element probe (23-1) is connected to an external receiving circuit through the connecting wire (23-3), and the connecting wire (23-3) is wired to sequentially pass through the hollow bolt (23-2) and the sink groove, The hollow channel (27) of the piston rod (3) is inserted into the bent element plug of the bent element connecting wire outlet (11), and the bent element plug is connected to an external receiving circuit after penetrating out of the bent element plug.
8. The consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a percolate storage tank (29), an air pressure regulating valve (30), a pressure water tank (31), a peristaltic pump (32), an inflow pressure chamber (33), an outflow pressure chamber (36), a waste liquid collecting container (37), an outflow flow meter (40) and an outflow sampling port (41); an outlet of the percolate storage box (29) is connected to an inlet of a pressure water tank (31), an outlet of the pressure water tank (31) is connected to an inlet of an inflow pressure chamber (33) through a peristaltic pump (32), an outlet of the inflow pressure chamber (33) is connected to an inflow hole of the sample cylinder (2), an outflow hole of the sample cylinder (2) is connected to an inlet of an outflow pressure chamber (36), and an outlet of the outflow pressure chamber (36) is connected to a waste liquid collecting container (37); the gas source is connected to the top of the pressure water tank (31), the inflow pressure chamber (33) and the outflow pressure chamber (36) through a gas pressure regulating valve (30).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109959553A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-02 | 浙江大学 | Consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experiment device |
| CN115343167A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-11-15 | 湖南大学 | Soil body occurrence state evolution test device under geological and stress history coupling effect |
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2019
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109959553A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-02 | 浙江大学 | Consolidation-infiltration-shear wave velocity coupling experiment device |
| CN115343167A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-11-15 | 湖南大学 | Soil body occurrence state evolution test device under geological and stress history coupling effect |
| CN115343167B (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-02-14 | 湖南大学 | Soil body occurrence state evolution test device under geological and stress history coupling effect |
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