CN210033622U

CN210033622U - Four-stroke cylinder and engine thereof

Info

Publication number: CN210033622U
Application number: CN201920508371.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周建明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-04-15
Filing date: 2019-04-15
Publication date: 2020-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-15

Abstract

The utility model discloses a four-stroke cylinder for the technical field of engine, the engine of solving among the prior art can not effectively utilize the technical problem of cylinder exhaust gas. The cylinder comprises a cylinder body (1) and a crankshaft arranged on the cylinder body (1), and is characterized by further comprising a first cylinder sleeve (31) and a second cylinder sleeve (32) which are adjacently arranged in the cylinder body (1), wherein a first air inlet (41) is formed in the first cylinder sleeve (31), a first exhaust port (51) communicated with the first air inlet (41) is formed in the second cylinder sleeve (32), and when a liquid spraying part (10) is used for compressing exhaust gas by a first piston (21), liquid is sprayed to the first cylinder sleeve (31), so that the liquid is gasified at high temperature to push the first piston (21) to do work, and an engine. The utility model discloses be used for increasing the performance of engine, satisfy the requirement of people's engine energy-concerving and environment-protective.

Description

Four-stroke cylinder and engine thereof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a technical field of engine, in particular to four-stroke cylinder and engine thereof.

Background

The automobile engine is a device for providing power for an automobile, is the heart of the automobile and determines the dynamic property, the economical efficiency, the stability and the environmental protection property of the automobile. According to different power sources, the automobile engine can be divided into a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, an electric automobile motor, hybrid power and the like. The high-speed development of the modern society is that internal combustion engines are becoming more and more ubiquitous and providing kinetic energy output in all industries. The internal combustion engine has convenient use and high energy reserve, which cannot be replaced by other power sources, but the performance requirements of people on the internal combustion engine are particularly important at the present time with environmental protection problems and serious energy shortage.

The inventor finds that the prior art has at least the following defects:

1. the internal combustion engine in the prior art has a low fuel utilization rate, which causes energy waste, for example, the highest energy of a gasoline engine reaches 40%, and the highest energy of a diesel engine reaches 45%. The main reason of low use efficiency of the gasoline engine is the waste of heat of fuel, wherein most of the heat is taken away by exhaust gas and cooling water, namely the existing gasoline engine only utilizes the potential energy expanded when gasoline is combusted and does not utilize the heat energy generated when the gasoline is combusted.

2. Engines in the prior art cannot effectively utilize waste gas, which causes energy waste.

3. The engine in the prior art has high exhaust temperature and great exhaust pollution, and is not environment-friendly.

In view of this, the present invention is especially provided.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, the utility model aims at overcoming the not enough of prior art, provides a four-stroke cylinder on the one hand, overcomes the product among the prior art and can not effectively utilize the technical problem of cylinder exhaust waste gas. The invention has many beneficial effects, which are described in detail in the following.

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: the utility model provides a four-stroke cylinder, includes the cylinder body with install in the bent axle on the cylinder body, still include adjacent installation in the cylinder body first cylinder liner and second cylinder liner wherein: the first cylinder sleeve is used for enabling a first piston to move in the first cylinder sleeve so as to complete four strokes, and a first air inlet is formed in the first cylinder sleeve; the second cylinder sleeve is used for a second piston to move in the second cylinder sleeve so as to complete four strokes, and a first exhaust port which can be communicated with the first air inlet is formed in the second cylinder sleeve so as to discharge waste gas generated after the second piston does work into the first cylinder body; the first piston and the second piston are respectively connected with the crankshaft, so that stroke dead centers of the first piston and the second piston are staggered; and the liquid spraying part is arranged on the side wall of the first cylinder sleeve and is used for spraying liquid to the first cylinder sleeve when the first piston finishes compressing waste gas, so that the liquid is gasified at high temperature to push the first piston to do work.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the first piston surrounds the second cylinder liner.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the first piston is provided as a hollow cylinder structure.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the first piston is sealingly connected to the first cylinder liner by a nested seal.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the first and second cylinder liners are mounted in a non-nested manner within the cylinder body.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the first piston is at least twice the cross-sectional area of the second piston.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, an ignition element is mounted on the second cylinder sleeve, and the ignition element is used for igniting compressed gas after the second piston compresses the gas, so that the second piston performs work in a downward direction.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, a second exhaust port is formed in the first cylinder liner, and a condensing member is connected to the second exhaust port for condensing and collecting gas exhausted from the first cylinder liner.

In another aspect there is provided a four stroke engine including a four stroke cylinder as described in part or in whole above.

In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the engine is of a direct injection in cylinder configuration or a variable valve configuration.

The utility model has the advantages that: by communicating the intake port of the first cylinder liner with the exhaust port of the second cylinder liner. After the second piston finishes acting through four strokes, waste gas is discharged into the first cylinder sleeve, the first piston utilizes the waste gas, the waste gas is compressed through the first piston, liquid is sprayed to the first cylinder sleeve through a liquid spraying piece arranged on the side wall of the first cylinder sleeve, the liquid is gasified at high temperature to push the first piston to act, the waste gas is fully utilized and converted into the force of crankshaft rotation, and the torque is improved under the condition that the discharge capacity is not increased. Meanwhile, the temperature of the tail gas of the engine is reduced, the exhaust emission is reduced, the pollution is low, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first stroke of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second stroke of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third stroke of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth stroke according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the invention, and are not exhaustive. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Explained in connection therewith, the cylinder, a cylindrical chamber in the engine, has a piston therein which is pushed by the pressure or expansion force of the working fluid.

Stroke: the distance of a piston of an engine from one extreme position to another extreme position is referred to as a stroke. Four-stroke means that one cycle consists of four strokes, or the piston moves linearly in a single direction in the cylinder, and the four-stroke engine has much higher efficiency than two-stroke, and comprises 4 parts of processes: 1. exhaust stroke, 2. intake or intake, 3. compression stroke, 4. power stroke.

Top dead center: the position at which the piston crown is at its maximum distance from the crankshaft center is called top dead center.

Bottom dead center: the position at which the piston crown is at a minimum distance from the crankshaft center is referred to as bottom dead center, sometimes also referred to as bottom dead center. When the piston makes a reciprocating linear motion in the cylinder, the piston moves downwards to the lowest position, namely the limit position of the top of the piston closest to the rotation center of the crankshaft, which is called bottom dead center.

In the cylinder of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4, the first cylinder liner 31 is of a cylindrical structure, and the expression of the section, i.e. the section of the subject figure, is that two first pistons 21 are labeled in fig. 1 to 4, and the above-mentioned characters help the skilled person to understand the technical solution.

The four-stroke cylinder shown in fig. 1 comprises a cylinder body 1 and a crankshaft arranged on the cylinder body 1, wherein the crankshaft is the most important part in an engine, belongs to the prior art, and comprises a connecting rod shaft diameter 61, a main shaft diameter and front and rear shaft diameters, the connecting rod shaft diameter 61 is connected with a piston in a radial direction, and the main shaft diameter penetrates through the cylinder and the front and rear shaft diameters are used for transmitting the force of the piston doing work. It takes the force from the connecting rod and converts it into torque to be output by the crankshaft and drive other accessories on the engine. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined action of centrifugal force of the rotating mass, gas inertia force of periodic variation and reciprocating inertia force, so that the crankshaft is subjected to the action of bending and twisting load.

Still include the first cylinder liner 31 and the second cylinder liner 32 of adjacent installation in cylinder body 1, first cylinder liner 31 for first piston 21 moves in order to accomplish the four-stroke in first cylinder liner 31 to form first air inlet 41 on first cylinder liner 31, the piston moves in the cylinder and belongs to prior art, and no longer the repeated description once more.

And a second cylinder liner 32 for moving the second piston 22 in the second cylinder liner 32 to complete a four-stroke, and a first exhaust port 51 is formed in the second cylinder liner 32 and is communicable with the first intake port 41 to discharge the exhaust gas generated by the second piston 22 performing work into the first cylinder 31. It should be noted that, no matter the first cylinder or the second piston, both the exhaust port and the intake port are installed, and the exhaust port and the intake port are both installed with an exhaust valve and an intake valve, the opening time of the valve is controlled by a camshaft, the crankshaft rotates for two circles, the camshaft rotates for one circle, or the other way is controlled, which belongs to the prior art.

The first inlet 41 is connected to the first outlet 51 through a metal or refractory composite pipe, for example, a U-shaped arc pipe.

The invention is mainly aimed at that the air inlet of the first cylinder sleeve 31 is communicated with the air outlet of the second cylinder sleeve 32, when the second piston 22 exhausts exhaust gas after the second cylinder sleeve 32 completes work, the exhaust gas is conveyed into the first cylinder sleeve 31 through the first air inlet 41, and the side wall of the first cylinder sleeve 31 is provided with a liquid spraying part 10, such as a water spray nozzle; a liquid, for example, water. The liquid spraying part 10 is used for spraying liquid to the first cylinder sleeve 31 when the first piston 21 finishes compressing the exhaust gas, so that the liquid is gasified at high temperature to push the first piston 21 to do work. It should be noted that: when the waste gas is conveyed to the first cylinder sleeve 31, the first piston 21 is in a gas inlet or gas suction state, the second piston compresses the waste gas again after two strokes of gas suction and compression, when the first piston 21 moves upwards to be close to a top dead center, the liquid spraying part 10 is opened to spray water, the water is sprayed into the first cylinder sleeve 31 to be mixed with the waste gas at about 800 degrees and instantly gasified into steam after absorbing the heat of the cylinder cover, the volume of the gasified water is increased by about 1200 times, the pressure of the first cylinder sleeve 31 is increased, and the first piston 21 is pushed to move downwards to do work under the action of the pressure.

The first piston 21 and the second piston 22 are respectively connected to the crankshaft such that stroke dead centers of the first piston 21 and the second piston 22 are shifted from each other, and the second piston 22 is located at a top dead center when the first piston 21 is located at a bottom dead center, for example, the first piston 21 and the second piston 22 are respectively connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod at 180 degrees in a connecting rod axis diameter. The piston four-stroke is a cycle, which is transmitted to the engine through the crankshaft.

By communicating the intake port of the first cylinder liner 31 with the exhaust port of the second cylinder liner 32. After the second piston 22 completes work through four strokes, the waste gas is discharged into the first cylinder sleeve 31, the first piston 21 utilizes the waste gas, the waste gas is compressed by the first piston 21, and then the liquid is sprayed to the first cylinder sleeve through the liquid spraying part 10 arranged on the side wall of the first cylinder sleeve 31, so that the liquid is gasified at high temperature to push the first piston 21 to do work, the waste gas is fully utilized and converted into the force for rotating the crankshaft, the torque is improved under the condition that the discharge capacity is not increased, meanwhile, the temperature of the tail gas of the engine is reduced, the exhaust emission is reduced, the pollution is small, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.

As an alternative embodiment, the arrangement of the first piston 21 and the second cylinder liner 32 in the cylinder body 1 can be various, for example, the first piston 21 sheathes the second cylinder liner 32, i.e. the second cylinder liner 32 is accommodated in the first cylinder liner 31, or the first cylinder liner 31 and the second cylinder liner 32 are installed in the cylinder body 1 in a non-nested manner, and the space occupied by the first cylinder liner 31 and the second cylinder liner 32 in the cylinder body 1 is not overlapped. The first piston 21 is sleeved outside the second cylinder sleeve 32, so that the volume of the cylinder can be reduced, and the stability of the whole structure is improved. The space of the cylinder body 1 occupied by the cylinder bodies is not overlapped, so that the output power can be improved, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the two arrangement modes can be applied to different engine models, and the core of the two arrangement modes is that the first air inlet 41 arranged on the first cylinder sleeve 21 is communicated with the second air outlet 51.

As an optional implementation mode, the first piston 21 is set to be in a hollow cylinder structure, so that the manufacturing consumable material can be reduced, the economic cost is saved, and the practicability is high.

Further, the first piston 21 is sealingly connected to the first cylinder liner 31 by means of a nested seal. For example, the first piston 21 and/or the second piston 22 and the corresponding first cylinder liner 31 and second cylinder liner 32 are provided with piston rings to form a sealed space. The efficiency of crankshaft transmission can be guaranteed by guaranteeing the air tightness.

As an alternative embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the first piston 21 is at least twice the cross-sectional area of the second piston 22. The amount of exhaust gas of the first cylinder liner 31 is larger than that of the second cylinder liner 32,

as an alternative embodiment, an ignition element 100 is mounted on the second cylinder liner 32, and the ignition element 100, e.g., a spark plug, provides an electrical spark for introducing high voltage current into the cylinder in a gasoline engine ignition system, as is known in the art, to ignite a combustible mixture. The wire-connecting structure mainly comprises a wire-connecting nut, an insulator, a wire-connecting screw rod, a central electrode, a side electrode and a shell, wherein the side electrode is welded on the shell. The ignition element 100 is used for the second piston 22 to ignite the compressed gas after compressing the gas, so that the second piston 22 performs work.

As an optional embodiment, a second exhaust port 52 is formed on the first cylinder liner 31, and a condensing member is connected to the second exhaust port 52 for condensing and collecting the gas exhausted from the first cylinder liner 31, so as to reduce the temperature of the exhausted gas, which is beneficial to environmental protection. The arrangement of the first intake port 41 and the second exhaust port 52 formed in the first cylinder liner 31 is, for example, such that the first intake port 41 and the second exhaust port 52 are symmetrically arranged in the first cylinder liner 31, and similarly, the second intake port 42 and the first exhaust port 51 are arranged in the second cylinder liner 32.

A four-stroke engine comprising a four-stroke cylinder as in the previous paragraph. The engine can be provided with a plurality of cylinders and various arrangement modes as the existing engine. For example, engines of the type with direct in-cylinder injection, variable valves, etc.

The working principle is as follows:

the utility model discloses an engine, promptly, the water-burning helping energy engine mainly is with engine combustion back waste gas reutilization, also synthesizes residual pressure and cylinder liner heat in the jar organically, and the water spray produces steam and produces potential energy again and promote first piston 21 and do work, converts the rotatory power of bent axle into, can make the moment of torsion obtain promoting under the circumstances that the discharge capacity does not increase. The engine is provided with a first cylinder liner 31 and a second cylinder liner 32 adjacently arranged in a cylinder body 1, and the displacement of a first piston 21 is twice that of a second piston 22. When the engine is running, the first piston 21 and the second piston 22 perform four strokes of exhaust, suction, compression and power as in a normal internal four-stroke internal combustion engine. When the second piston 22 is in an exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve of the second cylinder sleeve 32 is opened, and simultaneously, the intake valve of the first cylinder sleeve 31 is also opened, because the pressure in the cylinder is very high when the second piston 22 finishes doing work, the section of the first piston 21 is twice that of the first piston 22, the exhaust gas can push the first piston 21 to move downwards, and the crankshaft is driven to rotate through the connecting rod; when the second cylinder jacket 32 finishes exhausting, the second cylinder jacket 32 exhaust valve and the first cylinder jacket 31 intake valve are closed simultaneously, the second piston 22 descends, and the second cylinder jacket 32 intake valve opens intake or intake. The first piston 21 starts to move upwards to compress the waste gas in the first cylinder sleeve 31 again, so that the temperature of the waste gas is further increased, when the third stroke of the first piston is about to be completed, the liquid spraying part 10, namely the water spraying nozzle sprays water, the water at the moment is high-temperature water, the water sprayed out by the water spraying nozzle when the first piston 21 reaches the top dead center is mixed with the waste gas with the temperature of 800 ℃ in the cylinder and instantly gasified into water vapor, the pressure in the first cylinder sleeve 31 is rapidly increased, and the first piston 21 is pushed to move downwards under high pressure and drives the crankshaft to rotate to do work through the connecting rod. When the second piston 22 reaches the top dead center again, the spark plug ignites the mixed gas in the second cylinder sleeve 32, the mixed gas is combusted to do work, the waste gas in the second cylinder sleeve 32 is conveyed into the first cylinder sleeve 31 again, and the first piston and the second piston respectively do work once after the crankshaft rotates for two circles, so that the engine can output larger torque and operate more stably under the same displacement.

As shown in the four-stroke process of fig. 1-4, the following:

1) the first stroke, second piston 22 exhaust, first piston 21 intake exhaust stroke.

The second piston 22 is opened by an upward exhaust valve at the bottom dead center, at this time, the first piston 21 is opened by a downward intake valve at the top dead center, because the exhaust valve of the second cylinder sleeve 32 and the intake valve of the first cylinder sleeve 31 are communicated, when the exhaust valve is opened after the second cylinder sleeve 32 works, a high pressure still exists in the second cylinder sleeve 32, because the cross-sectional area of the first piston 21 is twice that of the second piston 22, the force borne by the first piston 21 under the same pressure is larger, and the first piston 21 moves downward and the second piston 22 moves upward under the influence of the pressure difference. At the end of the second piston 22 exhaust, the first cylinder liner 31 can pump the exhaust gas of the second cylinder liner 32 cleaner because the displacement of the first cylinder liner 31 is twice that of the second cylinder liner 32, and the intake valve of the first cylinder liner 31 closed by the exhaust valve is also closed when the second piston 22 reaches the top dead center.

2) The second stroke, the compression stroke of the second piston 22 against the first piston 21 against the exhaust.

When the second piston 22 moves downwards from the top dead center, the intake valve of the second cylinder sleeve 32 opens the mixed gas and the mixed gas enters the second cylinder sleeve 32 through the intake valve of the second cylinder sleeve 32, the first piston 21 moves upwards from the bottom dead center to compress the exhaust gas, so that the temperature of the exhaust gas in the first cylinder sleeve 31 is further increased, and the temperature of the exhaust gas can reach 800-1000 ℃ under the action of absorbing the heat and the compression of the second cylinder sleeve 32.

3) In the third stroke, the second piston 22 compresses the first piston 21 to perform a water-spraying power stroke.

When the second piston 22 moves upwards from the lower extreme point, the air inlet valve of the second cylinder sleeve 32 closes the second piston 22 to compress the mixed air so as to increase the temperature of the mixed air, when the first piston 21 moves upwards to be close to the upper dead point, the water spraying piece 10 sprays high-pressure atomized water, because the water absorbs the heat of the cylinder cover through a pipeline on the cylinder cover and is instantly gasified into steam after being sprayed into the first cylinder sleeve 31 through the atomized high pressure and mixed with the waste gas with more than 800 degrees, the volume of the gasified water can be increased by 1200 times, so that the pressure in the first cylinder sleeve 31 is increased, and the first piston 21 is pushed to move downwards under the action of the pressure to do work.

4) The fourth stroke, the second piston 22, does work and the first piston 21, exhausts.

When the second piston 22 moves upwards to approach the top dead center, the spark plug ignites to ignite the mixed gas to enable the mixed gas to be combusted and expanded to push the second piston 22 to move downwards to do work, and when the first piston 21 moves downwards to a lower extreme point, the exhaust valve of the first cylinder sleeve 31 is opened to discharge the waste gas and the steam together, so that the operation of one cycle is completed. The engine rotates for two circles, the first piston 21 finishes four strokes of work respectively and applies work once more than that of a common engine, so that the output torque of the engine is larger, waste gas discharged by the common engine is effectively utilized, and the engine is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes and substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a four-stroke cylinder, includes cylinder body (1) and installs the bent axle on cylinder body (1), its characterized in that still includes adjacent first cylinder liner (31) and the second cylinder liner (32) of installing in cylinder body (1), wherein:

the first cylinder sleeve (31) is used for enabling a first piston (21) to move in the first cylinder sleeve (31) to complete four strokes, and a first air inlet (41) is formed in the first cylinder sleeve (31); the second cylinder sleeve (32) is used for enabling a second piston (22) to move in the second cylinder sleeve (32) to complete four strokes, and a first exhaust port (51) which can be communicated with the first air inlet (41) is formed in the second cylinder sleeve (32) so that exhaust gas generated after the second piston (22) works is discharged into the first cylinder sleeve (31);

the first piston (21) and the second piston (22) are respectively connected with the crankshaft, so that the stroke dead centers of the first piston (21) and the second piston (22) are staggered;

and a liquid spraying part (10) is arranged on the side wall of the first cylinder sleeve (31), and the liquid spraying part (10) is used for spraying liquid to the first cylinder sleeve (31) when the first piston (21) finishes compressing the waste gas, so that the liquid is gasified at high temperature to push the first piston (21) to do work.

2. The four-stroke cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the first piston (21) encases the second jacket (32).

3. A four-stroke cylinder according to claim 2, wherein the first piston (21) is provided as a hollow cylinder structure.

4. The four-stroke cylinder according to claim 2, wherein the first piston (21) is sealingly connected with the first cylinder liner (31) by a nested seal.

5. The four-stroke cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the first cylinder liner (31) and the second cylinder liner (32) are mounted in a non-nested manner within the cylinder body (1).

6. A four-stroke cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first piston (21) is at least twice the cross-sectional area of the second piston (22).

7. The four-stroke cylinder as recited in claim 1, characterized in that an ignition element (100) is mounted on the second cylinder liner (32), the ignition element (100) being configured to ignite the compressed gas after the second piston (22) compresses the gas, causing the second piston (22) to perform work in a downward direction.

8. The four-stroke cylinder according to claim 1, wherein a second exhaust port (52) is formed in the first cylinder liner (31), and a condensing member is connected to the second exhaust port (52) for condensing and collecting gas exhausted from the first cylinder liner (31).

9. A four-stroke engine, characterized in that it comprises a four-stroke cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The four-stroke engine according to claim 9, wherein the engine is of a direct in-cylinder injection configuration or a variable valve configuration.