CN209919828U - High-precision optical rotary table working under extremely severe environment - Google Patents
High-precision optical rotary table working under extremely severe environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN209919828U CN209919828U CN201920411696.5U CN201920411696U CN209919828U CN 209919828 U CN209919828 U CN 209919828U CN 201920411696 U CN201920411696 U CN 201920411696U CN 209919828 U CN209919828 U CN 209919828U
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Abstract
The patent discloses a high accuracy optics rotary table who works under extreme adverse circumstances. The patent realizes the high-resolution output of the rotation angle of a 360-degree rotating mechanism by driving a speed reducing mechanism with a large transmission ratio by a stepping motor; the gear pair with bidirectional constant-pressure pre-tightening eliminates the meshing mismatch at extreme temperature; self-lubrication under extreme temperature environment is realized by using polyimide to manufacture transmission parts; the high-rigidity support and the large light-transmitting aperture of the workbench are realized through the ultrathin-wall bearing capable of simultaneously bearing axial and radial loads; the base and the shaft system are made of metal matrix composite materials matched with bearing steel, and the relative thermal deformation in an extreme temperature environment is reduced. The patent can be used for applications in which good rotation precision and high performance are still required to be maintained after vacuum, dust, extreme temperature and vibration and impact environments are experienced; the device is suitable for a satellite-borne optical communication tracking and aiming mechanism and a scanning and pointing mechanism for deep space exploration. The novel high-efficiency energy-saving air conditioner is compact in structure, light in weight and suitable for various severe environments.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the patent relates to the field of deep space optical detection and satellite-borne optical communication, in particular to an optical rotary worktable, and particularly relates to a high-precision optical rotary worktable working in an extremely severe environment, which is used for tracking, pointing and scanning a detection target.
Background art:
the optical rotary worktable is a core component of a deep space detection pointing mechanism and a scanning mechanism of satellite-borne optical remote sensing equipment. The tracking and aiming of the remote optical terminal are realized by driving the optical instrument arranged on the optical instrument to rotate so as to realize optical communication and target pointing, ground scanning imaging or phase shift compensation of the optical remote sensing equipment.
The optical rotary table is usually arranged at the front end of an optical telescope as an optical scanning and pointing mechanism, so that the dynamic detection range of an optical system is expanded. The optical rotary worktable not only realizes the dynamic direction of a light path, but also needs to realize high-rigidity support on an upper optical instrument, and in most cases, needs to bear a load larger than the self weight to resist the favorable vibration environment of an aircraft platform in an active section. In addition, a large light-transmitting aperture needs to be reserved on the main shaft of the rotary table for communication of an optical link; and the application environment limitations such as strict limitation of space occupation and weight of space flight or deep space exploration are one of the key points of the load design due to light and small design.
The optical scanning mechanism as a front optical system is often installed outside the satellite or rover due to its large range of rotation and dynamic field of view envelope, exposed directly to the outer space environment, subjected to vacuum, low temperatures and possible dust and sand environments on the planet surface. When insufficient energy is used for heating and heat preservation, how to ensure the performance of the mechanism in a severe environment becomes a key technical problem.
The large-range fluctuation of the temperature in the working environment can reduce the rotation precision of a shaft system, cause lubrication failure and cause overlarge idle rotation or jamming of a transmission device. Simple material matching and a conventional transmission mechanism cannot meet the use requirement, and a lubricating mode of a shaft system and the transmission mechanism need to be specially designed. Through the use of self-lubricating materials, the constant-pressure pre-tightening type gap eliminating mechanism and the specially designed dustproof mode, the optical rotary worktable with light weight and volume can adapt to vacuum, learning and dust and large-range temperature change, and the high-precision optical pointing requirement can be met.
The invention content is as follows:
the patent aims at providing a high-precision optical rotary table working under an extremely severe environment. How to design a set of quality extremely light and handy, the structure is very compact, possesses the advantage of bearing violent vibration and impact load that the aircraft platform brought, can keep good gyration precision under various adverse circumstances (including vacuum, temperature, sand and dust etc.), is the technical problem that this patent will solve.
The low-temperature stepping motor drives the speed reducing mechanism to realize 360-degree rotation of the workbench, and high-resolution output of the mechanism rotation angle is realized through the large transmission ratio of the speed reducing mechanism; the transmission pair with bidirectional constant-pressure pre-tightening eliminates the meshing mismatch of the transmission mechanism at extreme temperature; self-lubrication of the mechanism in an extreme temperature environment is realized by using polyimide to manufacture one of the transmission parts; the high-rigidity support and the large light-transmitting aperture of the workbench are realized through the ultrathin-wall bearing capable of simultaneously bearing axial and radial loads; the rolling friction pair of the bearing adopts a self-lubricating material to solve the problem of lubrication at low temperature; the shafting is dustproof by adopting a specially designed dustproof ring, the use in a vacuum environment is considered, and polyimide is adopted as a dustproof ring material; the base and the shafting parts of the workbench are made of metal matrix composite materials matched with bearing steel so as to reduce the relative thermal deformation in an extreme temperature environment.
The specific device is shown in attached figures 1-3.
1. The bottom surface of a rotary table base 1 is fixed, a rotary shaft system 2 is arranged on the top surface, a transmission mechanism 3 is arranged in a cavity of the rotary table base, and a driving motor 5 is arranged on the side surface of the rotary table base; the input end of the transmission mechanism 3 is connected with the driving motor 5, the output end of the transmission mechanism is connected with the rotary shaft system 2, the output rotation of the driving motor 5 is subdivided and then transmitted to the rotary shaft system 2, the high-resolution angle output of the rotary worktable is realized, and the transmission mechanism 3 has the function of eliminating backlash after the temperature changes in a large range; the bottom surface of a rotary shaft system 2 is arranged on the top surface of a workbench base 1, a flange at the top of an output main shaft 2-1 of the rotary shaft system is used for mounting an optical load, the lower end surface of the main shaft 2-1 is connected with the output end of a transmission mechanism 3, and an opening is formed in the main shaft 2-1 and used for communicating an optical path; the dustproof ring 4 is a thin-wall circular ring made of polyimide material, the upper half part of the dustproof ring is embedded in the circumferential direction of the flange of the main shaft 2-1, and the lower half part of the dustproof ring is in contact with the bearing seat 2-3, so that the reliability of shafting dustproof sealing is ensured, and the inlet of the shafting labyrinth is sealed in a contact manner; the driving motor 5 adopts a low-temperature stepping motor, an output shaft is connected to the input end of the transmission mechanism 3, the open-loop output stepping type rotates, and the rotation of the final rotary worktable is realized after the stepping angle is subdivided by the transmission mechanism 3.
2. The rotating shaft system 2 includes: the bearing comprises a main shaft 2-1, an inner ring gland 2-2, a bearing seat 2-3, an ultrathin wall bearing 2-4 and an outer ring gland 2-5;
the main shaft 2-1, the inner ring gland 2-2, the bearing seat 2-3 and the outer ring gland 2-5 are all made of metal matrix composite materials matched with bearing steel so as to adapt to occasions with strict requirements on weight; after the ultrathin-wall bearing 2-4 is placed into the bearing seat 2-3, the bearing is fixed through an outer ring gland 2-5, a main shaft 2-1 penetrates into an inner hole of the ultrathin-wall bearing 2-4, and the bearing is fixed by using an inner ring gland 2-2 and is pre-tightened; the end cover is used for fixing the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, so that the occupied space can be minimized, and the bearing is suitable for occasions with strict space limitation; the ultra-thin wall bearings 2-4 adopt ceramic rolling bodies or realize the lubrication of the bearings at low temperature in a way of coating films on the ring channels of the ceramic rolling bodies, and when the ceramic rolling bodies are adopted, the thermal expansion coefficient needs to be matched with bearing steel;
3. the transmission mechanism 3 includes: the device comprises a transmission pair I3-1, a transmission pair II-fixed 3-2, a transmission pair II-floating 3-3, an elastic element 3-4 and a pre-pressing nut 3-5;
the transmission pair I3-1 is made of polyimide materials, so that the low-temperature lubrication is realized, meanwhile, certain service life requirements are met, the outer circumferential toothed surface of the transmission pair I is meshed with the transmission pair II-fixed 3-2 and the transmission pair II-moving 3-3 to transmit rotation, and the rotation is output to a rotary worktable through the connection of the end surface of the transmission pair I and a rotary shaft system 2; the transmission pair II consists of a transmission pair II-fixed part 3-2 and a transmission pair II-moving part 3-3 which are made of the same metal material, and the two parts are relatively independent, are in sliding fit and are combined and processed; the gear can be cut along the thickness direction, and the worm can also be cut along the axial direction; the two parts are meshed with the first transmission pair 3-1 at two sides by adjusting the relative positions (axial or relative angles) of the two parts, and the meshing is pre-tightened through an elastic element 3-4 and is fastened by a pre-pressing nut 3-5; the elastic element 3-4 is a spring or a torsion spring made of stainless steel, and the pre-pressing nut 3-5 is a stainless steel fine-tooth nut and is matched with the external thread on the shaft section of the transmission pair II-fixed 3-2.
The advantage of this patent lies in:
the transmission mechanism has the advantages that the transmission pair with bidirectional constant-pressure pre-tightening is adopted, so that the meshing mismatch of the transmission mechanism at extreme temperature is eliminated; self-lubrication of the mechanism under an extreme temperature environment is realized by manufacturing one of the transmission pair parts by using a polyimide material. The high precision, low friction and long service life of the transmission mechanism in the extreme temperature environment are ensured;
the high-rigidity support and the large light-transmitting aperture of the workbench are realized through the ultrathin-wall bearing capable of simultaneously bearing axial and radial loads; the bearing rolling friction pair adopts a self-lubricating material to solve the lubrication problem in an extreme temperature environment;
the dustproof dirt-proof ring that special design's polyimide material was made is used to the shafting of this patent to adopt the contact sealed, in order to adapt to vacuum, low temperature and serious dust and sand environment.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the optical rotary table of the present patent;
in the figure: 1-rotating table base;
2-rotating shaft system;
3-a transmission mechanism;
4-dust ring;
5-driving motor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating shaft system 2;
in the figure: 2-1-main shaft;
2-inner ring gland;
2-3-bearing seat;
2-4-ultra thin wall bearings;
2-5-outer ring gland;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural component diagram of the transmission mechanism 3;
in the figure: 3-1-transmission pair 1;
3-2, transmission pair II is fixed;
3-transmission pair two-moving;
3-4-elastic element;
3-5, prepressing the nut.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a preferred embodiment of the present patent is given below with reference to fig. 1 to 3 for illustrating the structural features and implementation of the patent, but not for limiting the scope of the patent.
The high-precision optical rotary worktable in the embodiment is applied to a preposed pointing mechanism of an optical instrument for detecting the surface of a certain planet, which is deficient in resources and completely free of active temperature control. The total angle range of the rotation is 360 degrees, the light passing diameter in the shaft is 100mm, the weight is limited within 1 kilogram, and the size space is limited to 170mm multiplied by 45 mm. The working temperature is-130 ℃, a serious dust environment exists in the working environment for a long time, and the average diameter of the dust is 5 mu m. The maximum overload acceleration of the carrier launching and the aircraft landing reaches 30 gravitational accelerations, the random vibration root mean square acceleration reaches 23g, and the impact reaches 1800 g. The device specifically comprises the following parts: the device comprises a rotary table base 1, a rotary shaft system 2, a transmission mechanism 3, a dustproof ring 4 and a driving motor 5.
1) The rotary table base 1 is made of an aluminum matrix composite material having 55% of the bulk, and the material has extremely high specific stiffness (elastic modulus E180 GPa, density ρ 3.0 g/cm)3) Can be matched with bearing steel thermally (lambda is 8X 10)-6K-1) And the weight of the structure body after the light weight design is 135 g. The structure form is a thin-wall box structure, the bottom surface of the box is used for being fixedly installed with an external platform through 5M 5 screws, the top of the box is provided with a rotary shaft system 2, and a transmission mechanism 3 is installed in the box;
2) the rotating shaft system 2 includes: the bearing comprises a main shaft 2-1, an inner ring gland 2-2, a bearing seat 2-3, an ultrathin wall bearing 2-4 and an outer ring gland 2-5;
the ultrathin-wall bearings 2-4 use customized thin-wall double-row angular contact ball bearings with the inner diameter of 114.3mm, the outer diameter of 127mm and the width of 10mm, and the rolling body material adopts ZrO2The ceramic rolling body realizes the lubrication of the bearing at low temperature, ZrO2Coefficient of thermal expansion of 11X 10- 6K-1The thermal expansion coefficient of the bearing steel can be well matched;
the main shaft 2-1, the inner ring gland 2-2, the bearing seat 2-3 and the outer ring gland 2-5 are all made of aluminum matrix composite materials with 55% of body parts matched with bearing steel so as to reduce weight and match thermal expansion. The main shaft 2-1 is a hollow shaft, and the diameter of a central opening is 104 mm; the shaft diameter is 114.3mm, the shaft diameter is in interference fit with the ultrathin-wall bearing 2-4, and the interference magnitude is 0.005 mm; the flange is used for load installation, and flange diameter 130mm, 6M 3 screw holes of facing process. The center of the bearing seat 2-3 is provided with a hole of 127mm, the hole is precisely matched with a bearing, the matching clearance is controlled within 0.004mm, and the bearing seat flange is arranged on the top surface of the base 1 of the rotary worktable through 6M 2.5 screws. The inner ring gland 2-2 is used for fixing and pre-tightening the bearing inner ring, the thickness of the part is 4.5mm, the upper surface is provided with a labyrinth structure which is matched with the main shaft 2-1 in an embedded manner, and the width of the labyrinth is 0.2 mm; the outer ring gland 2-5 is used for fixing the outer ring of the bearing, the interference pressure is 0.005mm, the thickness of the part is 5mm, and the lower surface is used for installing the transmission pair I3-1; the gland type fixing structure can minimize the occupation of size and space and meet the requirement of strict space limitation;
3) the transmission mechanism 3 includes: the device comprises a transmission pair I3-1, a transmission pair II-fixed 3-2, a transmission pair II-floating 3-3, an elastic element 3-4 and a pre-pressing nut 3-5; the transmission mechanism 3 adopts a transmission ratio of 80: 1, the center distance is 73 mm; the first transmission pair 3-1 is a worm gear made of polyimide materials, the materials can meet certain service life requirements while low-temperature lubrication is achieved, the number of teeth of the worm gear is 80, the diameter of a reference circle is 158mm, the tooth thickness is 15mm, the weight is only 60 g, and the first transmission pair is fixed on the lower surface of the outer ring gland 2-5 through 12M 2 screws; and the second transmission pair is a worm, the modulus is 1.6, the reference circle diameter is 20mm, the thread lead is 35mm, and the weight is 60 g. The device consists of two parts, namely a transmission pair II-fixed part 3-2 and a transmission pair II-moving part 3-3, and is made of titanium alloy TC4 of the same metal material so as to reduce the weight. The length of the fixed worm is 96.25mm, bearings are arranged at two ends of the fixed worm, the thread lead is separated from the middle part, and the fixed worm and the floating worm are respectively 17.5 mm. The diameter of the central hole of the floating worm is 10mm, the floating worm is tightly matched with the shaft section of the fixed worm, and the matching clearance is less than 0.01 mm. The two parts of worms are relatively independent, are in sliding fit and are combined and processed; the end face of the traveling worm is polished, the axial relative positions of the two parts are adjusted to enable the two parts to be simultaneously meshed with the two outer side tooth surfaces of a worm wheel of a transmission pair I3-1, and the pre-tightening amount is 0.05 mm; the meshing pre-pressing force is provided by an elastic element 3-4 and is fastened by a pre-pressing nut 3-5; the elastic element 3-4 is a stainless steel spring, and the elastic coefficient of the elastic element determines the friction torque of the pre-tightened transmission pair; the pre-pressing nut 3-5 is a stainless steel fine-tooth nut, the thread pitch is 0.5mm, and the pre-pressing nut is matched with the external thread on the shaft section of the transmission pair II-fixed 3-2;
4) the dust ring 4 is made of a polyimide material which has a wide temperature range and can realize low friction coefficient and self-lubrication with a metal material. The dustproof ring 4 is a thin-wall circular ring structure, the cross section of the dustproof ring is inverted L-shaped, the thickness of the dustproof ring is 0.3mm, the upper half part of the dustproof ring is embedded into the periphery of the flange of the main shaft 2-1, the lower half part of the dustproof ring is in contact with the bearing seat 2-3, the dustproof ring is in micro interference fit, and the interference magnitude is 0.03 mm. The reliability of shafting dustproof sealing is ensured, the entrance of a shafting labyrinth is sealed in a contact manner, and fine sand can be effectively prevented from entering a shafting;
5) the driving motor 5 adopts a customized low-temperature stepping motor, the stepping angle is 1.8 degrees, the pulling torque is 60 mN.m @200Hz, the weight is 100g, the diameter of an output shaft is 4.5mm, and the diameter of a base is 28 mm. The stepping motor is simple to control, and can realize high-resolution rotation angle output through a transmission mechanism. The output shaft of the motor is connected with the second fixed part 3-2 of the transmission pair through a flat key, and the end face of the flange of the motor is arranged on the side face of the base 1 of the rotary working table through 4M 2.5 screws.
As mentioned above, the optical rotary table drives the large transmission ratio speed reducing mechanism through the low-temperature stepping motor to realize the high-resolution output of the mechanism corner; the transmission pair with bidirectional constant-pressure pre-tightening eliminates the meshing mismatch of the transmission mechanism at extreme temperature; self-lubrication of the transmission mechanism in an extreme temperature environment is realized by using a worm wheel made of polyimide; the high-rigidity support and the large light-transmitting aperture of the workbench are realized through the ultrathin-wall bearing capable of simultaneously bearing axial and radial loads; the rolling friction pair of the bearing adopts a self-lubricating material to solve the problem of lubrication at low temperature; the shafting is dustproof and adopts a specially designed polyimide material contact type sealing ring; the base and the shafting parts of the workbench are made of metal matrix composite materials matched with bearing steel so as to reduce the relative thermal deformation in an extreme temperature environment. The supporting and clamping device for the reflector is compact in structure, light in weight, capable of adapting to large working environments which are favorable for learning overload and extreme temperature, and applicable to outdoor pointing and scanning mechanisms in spaces with harsh requirements on quality and volume, favorable heat, dust and the like.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a high accuracy optics rotary worktable who works under extreme adverse circumstances, includes rotary worktable base (1), gyration shafting (2), drive mechanism (3), dust ring (4) and driving motor (5), its characterized in that:
the bottom surface of the rotary table base (1) is fixed, the top surface is provided with a rotary shaft system (2), the transmission mechanism (3) is arranged in a cavity of the rotary table base, and the side surface is provided with a driving motor (5); the input end of the transmission mechanism (3) is connected with the driving motor (5), the output end of the transmission mechanism is connected with the rotary shaft system (2), the output rotation of the driving motor (5) is subdivided and then transmitted to the rotary shaft system (2), the high-resolution angle output of the rotary worktable is realized, and the transmission mechanism (3) has a gap eliminating function after the temperature changes in a large range; the bottom surface of the rotary shaft system (2) is arranged on the top surface of the workbench base (1), a flange at the top of an output main shaft (2-1) is used for mounting an optical load, the lower end surface of the main shaft (2-1) is connected with the output end of the transmission mechanism (3), and an opening is formed in the main shaft (2-1) and is used for communicating a light path; the dustproof ring (4) is a thin-wall circular ring made of polyimide material, the upper half part of the dustproof ring is embedded in the circumferential direction of a flange of the main shaft (2-1), and the lower half part of the dustproof ring is in contact with the bearing seat (2-3), so that the reliability of shafting dustproof sealing is ensured, and the inlet of a shafting labyrinth is sealed in a contact manner; the driving motor (5) adopts a low-temperature stepping motor, an output shaft is connected to the input end of the transmission mechanism (3), the output shaft is in open-loop output stepping type rotation, and the rotation of the final rotary worktable is realized after the stepping angle is subdivided by the transmission mechanism (3).
2. A high precision optical rotary table for operation in extremely harsh environments as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rotary shaft system (2) comprises: the bearing comprises a main shaft (2-1), an inner ring gland (2-2), a bearing seat (2-3), an ultrathin wall bearing (2-4) and an outer ring gland (2-5);
the main shaft (2-1), the inner ring gland (2-2), the bearing seat (2-3) and the outer ring gland (2-5) are all made of metal matrix composite materials matched with bearing steel so as to adapt to occasions with strict requirements on weight; after the ultra-thin wall bearing (2-4) is placed into the bearing seat (2-3), the ultra-thin wall bearing is fixed through an outer ring gland (2-5), a main shaft (2-1) penetrates into an inner hole of the ultra-thin wall bearing (2-4), and is fixed by using an inner ring gland (2-2) and applies pre-tightening to the inner hole; the end cover is used for fixing the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, so that the occupied space can be minimized, and the bearing is suitable for occasions with strict space limitation; the ultra-thin wall bearing (2-4) adopts a ceramic rolling body or realizes the lubrication of the bearing at low temperature in a way of coating a film on a ring channel of the ceramic rolling body, and when the ceramic rolling body is adopted, the thermal expansion coefficient needs to be matched with bearing steel.
3. A high precision optical rotary table for operation in extremely harsh environments as claimed in claim 1, wherein said actuator (3) comprises: the transmission pair I (3-1), the transmission pair II-fixed (3-2), the transmission pair II-moving (3-3), the elastic element (3-4) and the pre-pressing nut (3-5);
the transmission pair I (3-1) is made of polyimide materials, the outer circumferential toothed surface of the transmission pair I is meshed with the transmission pair II-fixed part (3-2) and the transmission pair II-moving part (3-3) and transmits rotation, and the rotation is output to the rotary worktable through the connection of the end surface of the transmission pair I and the rotary shaft system (2); the transmission pair II consists of a transmission pair II-fixed part (3-2) and a transmission pair II-movable part (3-3), is made of the same metal material, is relatively independent, is in sliding fit and is combined and processed; the gear can be cut along the thickness direction, and the worm can also be cut along the axial direction; the two parts are meshed with the first transmission pair (3-1) at two sides by adjusting the axial or angle relative positions of the two parts, and the meshing is pre-tightened through an elastic element (3-4) and is fastened by a pre-pressing nut (3-5); the elastic element (3-4) is a spring or a torsion spring made of stainless steel, and the pre-pressing nut (3-5) is a stainless steel fine-tooth nut and is matched with the external thread on the shaft section of the transmission pair II-fixed (3-2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920411696.5U CN209919828U (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | High-precision optical rotary table working under extremely severe environment |
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| CN201920411696.5U CN209919828U (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | High-precision optical rotary table working under extremely severe environment |
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| CN209919828U true CN209919828U (en) | 2020-01-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109940567A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A kind of high-precision optical rotary table to work under extreme environment |
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2019
- 2019-03-29 CN CN201920411696.5U patent/CN209919828U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109940567A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A kind of high-precision optical rotary table to work under extreme environment |
| CN109940567B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-07-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | High-precision optical rotary workbench working in extremely severe environment |
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