CN209914431U

CN209914431U - No-tillage anti-blocking ditching equipment

Info

Publication number: CN209914431U
Application number: CN201920481869.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵一舟; 土旗; 惠佳博; 吴宣; 马刚
Original assignee: Guizhou University
Current assignee: Guizhou University
Priority date: 2019-04-11
Filing date: 2019-04-11
Publication date: 2020-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-11

Abstract

The utility model discloses a stifled ditching equipment is prevented in no-tillage, including broken stubble mechanism, prevent stifled device and ditching device, ditching device adopts two disc obtuse angle furrow openers, and ditching device and broken stubble mechanism all connect in the frame through four parallel bars profiling mechanism and broken stubble mechanism is located ditching device and is located broken stubble mechanism rear side, prevent stifled device and install by broken stubble mechanism. The utility model discloses install additional and prevent stifled device and ensure the uniformity and the stability of kind of ditch degree of depth, the obtuse furrow opener of double-disc is minimum to the disturbance of soil, and double-disc obtuse furrow opener also can realize better ability of burying under the assistance of cutting edge stubble-breaking furrow opener, because of preventing stifled device simple structure, cost greatly reduced.

Description

No-tillage anti-blocking ditching equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a no-tillage prevents stifled ditching equipment belongs to furrow opener technical field.

Background

With the development of modern agriculture, the limitations of the traditional farming techniques are more prominent. For example, although conventional tillage operations can remove weeds and stubbles within a certain period of time, long-term tillage damages the protection of ground vegetation on the land and aggravates water and soil loss. Meanwhile, the earthworms and organisms in the soil can be eliminated by rotary tillage and soil cutting, so that the soil slowly loses due activity. As the number of plows increases, the more likely the soil will enter the vicious circle. The advent of protective farming at this time solves this problem well. The no-tillage seeding technology refers to the compound operations of ditching, seeding, fertilizing, pesticide application, soil covering and the like. The no-tillage seeding is one of the important factors for converting natural resources into agricultural production and coordinating with the natural resources in the mechanized farming. The furrow opener is used as a key tool for protective farming, how the anti-blocking performance of the no-tillage planter directly influences the seeding effect, and whether the performance is too critical or not directly influences the popularization of the protective farming technology. Therefore, the adaptability of the furrow opener of the no-tillage seeding machine has important significance for implementing no-tillage seeding and carrying out protective cultivation.

The U.S. began to develop protective farming techniques earlier, and there were many varieties of products, including large no-tillage planters and relatively mature implements, such as John Deere and Case. The comparatively more common use on no-tillage planters in canada and australia is the hoe-shovel furrow opener, which is most commonly used on pneumatic seed drills. The hoe-shovel type furrow opener is light in weight, simple in structure and strong in soil penetrating capability, and can be used for ditching while breaking stubbles; but the weeds are easy to wind during working, the sowing depth is unstable during high-speed working, and the soil disturbance is large due to too wide ditching. The hoe-shovel type ditcher has the advantages of light weight, simple structure, easy manufacture and the like, and is more used on a low-speed grain drill. However, the wet soil in the bottom layer part is turned to the upper layer and mixed with the dry soil, so that partial water loss is easy to cause, the soil moisture conservation is not facilitated, and the soil moisture preservation method is not suitable for being used in arid areas.

In recent years, researchers in China mainly carry out intensive research on the problems of the no-tillage planter such as the soil-penetrating capability and blockage prevention. Compared with the foreign no-tillage seeding machine, the machine in China has light weight and small volume. However, the machine has small volume, so that the structure is compact, the seeding density is high, and the problems of blockage of straws and stubbles, limited trafficability and the like are easily caused. At present, disc openers and sharp-corner openers are used on no-tillage seeders in China mostly. The ditching depth of the disc ditcher is basically kept consistent, the disturbance to soil is small, and the disc ditcher has good trafficability. But needs larger gravity when working, and is not suitable for small and medium-sized seeders with light weight and small volume in China. The sharp-angled furrow opener is easy to dig into soil and has good soil returning performance, so that the sharp-angled furrow opener is basically adopted for medium and small-sized no-tillage seeding in China. However, the pointed furrow opener also has the disadvantage that it requires a greater traction force, in particular in hard no-tillage soils, the structure of which affects the resistance to advancement.

Disclosure of Invention

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is: provides a no-tillage anti-blocking ditching device, which solves the problems in the prior art.

The utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes does: the utility model provides a stifled ditching equipment is prevented in no-tillage, includes broken stubble mechanism, prevents stifled device and ditching device, and ditching device adopts two disc obtuse angle furrow openers, and ditching device and broken stubble mechanism all connect in the frame through four-bar profile modeling mechanism in parallel and broken stubble mechanism is located ditching device and is located broken stubble mechanism rear side, prevents stifled device and installs by broken stubble mechanism.

Preferably, the stubble breaking mechanism comprises a main cutter body, the main cutter body comprises a straight line section and a forward-bent arc section which are of an integrated structure, the two sides of the arc section are symmetrically and fixedly connected with the cutter wings, and the upper end of the straight line section is connected with the parallel four-bar copying mechanism.

Preferably, the anti-blocking device comprises an anti-blocking blade and an anti-blocking cutter shaft, the anti-blocking blade is fixedly connected to the anti-blocking cutter shaft, two ends of the anti-blocking cutter shaft are fixedly connected to the frame through bearing seats, and one end of the anti-blocking cutter shaft extends out and then is connected to a wheel shaft of the walking land wheel through a transmission mechanism.

Preferably, the ditching device comprises two disc blades and symmetrical bending shafts, the two disc blades are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the bending shafts, the two disc blades are in a V-like shape, and the bending shafts are connected to the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism through disc knife rests.

Preferably, the two disc blades are fixedly connected with a flange on the outer side, the flange is rotatably connected to a bending shaft through a bearing, the disc knife rests are symmetrically and fixedly installed in the middle of the bending shaft, the end cover is installed at the outer end of the bending shaft, a plugging cover is installed outside the end cover and movably sleeved on the flange, and a dustproof felt ring is arranged between the plugging cover and the end cover.

Preferably, the disc cutter rest comprises two symmetrical check blocks, a disc cutter rod and a connecting sleeve, the two check blocks are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the middle of the bending shaft, one end of the disc cutter rod is fixedly connected to the two check blocks, the other end of the disc cutter rod is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve, and the connecting sleeve is connected to the parallel four-rod profiling mechanism.

Preferably, the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism comprises two fixed vertical bars, four connecting rods and a connecting frame, the two fixed vertical bars are in bilateral symmetry and are vertically and fixedly connected to the frame, the four connecting rods are hinged to two ends of the two fixed vertical bars in bilateral symmetry, the other ends of the four connecting rods are hinged to the connecting frame, and a connecting hole connected with the stubble breaking mechanism is formed in the lower end of the connecting frame.

Preferably, the rack comprises a connecting beam and two bending beams, the two bending beams are arranged below two ends of the connecting beam, and a connecting flange is arranged on the lower side of the lower end of each bending beam.

Preferably, the frame is provided with a plurality of pairs of stubble breaking mechanisms, anti-blocking devices and ditching devices.

Preferably, the anti-blocking devices are arranged in two numbers and are symmetrically arranged in front of two sides of the stubble breaking mechanism.

The utility model has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an effect as follows:

(1) the utility model is additionally provided with the anti-blocking device, which ensures the consistency and stability of the depth of the seed ditch, the double-disc obtuse-angle furrow opener has minimum disturbance to the soil, the double-disc obtuse-angle furrow opener can also realize better soil-entering capability under the assistance of the cutting edge stubble-breaking furrow opener, and the cost is greatly reduced because the anti-blocking device has simple structure;

(2) the straight line section of the stubble breaking mechanism is arranged to be conveniently connected with the machine body, the arc section with the blade can enable straw stubble to slide along the arc surface when the stubble breaking mechanism works so as to reduce grass hanging, and the stubble breaking mechanism of the structure is strong in soil-entering capability, good in stubble breaking effect and small in soil disturbance;

(3) when the tractor advances, the straw stalk of the weed on the ground can be slowly gathered on the main cutter, but the anti-blocking blade of the anti-blocking device can rotate around the anti-blocking cutter shaft, so that the straw stalk near the furrow opener can be broken and thrown to the back, meanwhile, the cutting edge of the anti-blocking blade can be used for cutting the weed tightly wound on the main cutter body along with the advance of the tractor to make the weed fluffy, and the weed is divided to two sides when the stubble is broken by the cutting edge of the furrow opener, through the mode, the anti-blocking blade can effectively clean the straw stalk and sundries in front of the stubble breaking furrow opener of the cutting edge, and prevent the working components from being blocked;

(4) the soil-entering angle of the furrow opener is an obtuse angle furrow opener which is larger than 90 degrees. The double-disc furrow opener in the obtuse-angle furrow opener is mainly used for forming a seed furrow by extrusion, so that the phenomenon of soil layer mixing cannot occur, and the soil moisture is better preserved;

(5) the parallel four-bar copying mechanism is a hinged mechanism, and can hinge the whole furrow opener to the rack, so that the flexibility and the furrowing effect are convenient to realize in the walking process of the tractor.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a left side view structure diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the ditching device;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the ditching device connected to the frame;

FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the trenching assembly;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a stubble breaking mechanism.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-9, the no-tillage anti-blocking ditching equipment comprises a stubble breaking mechanism, an anti-blocking device and a ditching device, wherein the ditching device adopts a double-disc obtuse-angle ditcher, the ditching device and the stubble breaking mechanism are both connected to a frame 5 through a parallel four-rod copying mechanism, the stubble breaking mechanism is positioned at the rear side of the ditching device and the anti-blocking device is arranged beside the stubble breaking mechanism.

Preferably, the stubble breaking mechanism comprises a main cutter body 16, the main cutter body 16 comprises a straight line section and a forward-bent arc section, the straight line section and the arc section are of an integral structure, the two sides of the arc section are symmetrically and fixedly connected with blades 17 through countersunk rivets, the blades are installed mainly for sliding cutting of stubble and weeds and enabling the stubble and the weeds to be shunted to the two sides so as not to be accumulated and blocked, the blades are in the shape of an isosceles right triangle, so that the good sliding cutting performance is achieved, disturbance on soil can be reduced, the upper end of the straight line section is provided with a plurality of connecting holes for height adjustment, the upper end of the straight line section is connected with the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism through bolts, the height adjustment is facilitated, the application range is expanded, the equipment cost is reduced, the countersunk rivets are fixed so as to be convenient to replace the worn, the extension amount of a cutter handle of the main cutter body 16 is smaller, the cutter handle, the bending radius R1 of the cutter handle is 192mm, the total height H =400mm of the cutter handle, the vertical height H1=300mm of the curved surface, the section structure of the vertical section of the main cutter body 16 is convenient to be connected with the frame, the size of the vertical section is 15 x 40mm, the cutting section is a conical section, weeds and straws can be cut off conveniently, the soil penetration resistance of the blade stubble breaking furrow opener can be reduced, the excessive loss of the power of the machine is reduced, and the size of the cutting section is 15 x 80 mm.

Preferably, above-mentioned anti-blocking device is including preventing stifled blade 15 and preventing stifled arbor 13, prevent stifled blade 15 fixed connection on preventing stifled arbor 13, prevent stifled arbor 13 both ends through bearing frame 12 fixed connection on frame 5, prevent the wheel axle that stifled arbor 13 one end stretches out the back and is connected to walking land wheel through drive mechanism (chain drive), be provided with deep groove ball bearing 11 in the bearing frame 12, deep groove ball bearing 11 supports outward and leans on there being bearing cap 10, bearing cap 10 passes through screw 9 fixed connection on bearing frame 12, bearing frame 12 passes through bolt 7 and nut 8 fixed connection on the roof beam 502 that bends of frame 5, the anti-blocking device of this structure is few to tractor power consumption, it is better to the little and initiative anti-blocking driving type device anti-blocking effect of disturbance to soil, prevent stifled arbor 13 materials for No. 45 steel, the diameter is 25 mm.

Preferably, the ditching device comprises two disc blades 14 and symmetrical bending shafts 18, the two disc blades 14 are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the bending shafts 18, the two disc blades 14 are in a V-like shape, and the bending shafts 18 are connected to the parallel four-bar copying mechanism through disc knife rests 21.

Preferably, the two disk blades 14 are fixedly connected with a flange 19 on the outer side, the flange 19 is rotatably connected to the bending shaft 18 through a bearing 20 (a tapered roller bearing), the disk knife rests 21 are symmetrically and fixedly installed in the middle of the bending shaft 18, the end cover 22 is installed at the outer end of the bending shaft, the sealing cover 23 is installed outside the end cover 22, the outer side of the sealing cover 23 is locked on the bending shaft 18 through a locking nut 29, the inner end of the sealing cover 23 is of a groove structure and is movably sleeved on the flange 19, and a dustproof felt ring 24 is arranged between the sealing cover and the end cover.

Preferably, the disc knife rest 21 comprises two symmetrical stoppers 25, a disc knife rod 26 and a connecting sleeve 27, the two stoppers 25 are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the middle of the bending shaft 18 in a key connection mode, one end of the disc knife rod 26 is fixedly connected to the two stoppers 25, the other end of the disc knife rod is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 27, the connecting sleeve 27 is fixedly connected to the hinge shaft 4 on the parallelogram linkage profiling mechanism through a key 6, the stoppers 25 are set as step stoppers, the inner end of each stopper abuts against the inner ring of the bearing, the step is provided with a rubber ring 30, and the rubber ring 30 abuts against the surface of the disc blade 14 to seal.

The ditching width of above-mentioned two disc obtuse angle furrow openers depends on the major structure parameter of furrow opener, and the ditching width is by gathering some height, and the diameter of ditching disc and the contained angle of two discs of during operation are decided, the utility model discloses confirm that furrow opener structural parameter does: the obtuse angle phi is 15 degrees, alpha is about 25 degrees, the diameter D of the disc is 350mm, and the ditching width of the double-disc ditcher is 10 mm. The thickness of the cutter is set to be 15mm, the soil-raising angle is 27 degrees, the soil-entering angle is 5 degrees, the soil-entering depth of the blade stubble-breaking furrow opener is 100mm, the height HR from the blade tip to the supporting plane of the furrow opener is more than or equal to 200mm, and the extension L of the cutter handle of the blade stubble-breaking furrow opener is 275 mm.

Preferably, the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism comprises two fixed vertical bars 28, four connecting rods 2 and a connecting frame 1, the two fixed vertical bars 28 are bilaterally and vertically fixedly connected to the frame 5, the four connecting rods 2 are vertically and bilaterally hinged to two ends of the two fixed vertical bars 28 through hinged shafts 4, the other ends of the four connecting rods 2 are hinged to the connecting frame 1, the lower end of the connecting frame 1 is provided with a connecting hole connected with the stubble breaking mechanism, and the connecting frame is of a triangular structure and is convenient for installation of a ditching device and the stubble breaking mechanism.

Preferably, the frame 5 includes a connecting beam 501 and a bending beam 502, two bending beams 502 bent toward the rear side are disposed under two ends of the connecting beam 501, a connecting flange 503 is disposed under a lower end of the bending beam 502, and the connecting flange 503 is used for connecting the bearing seat 12, so that the connection is convenient, reliable and stable.

Preferably, the machine frame 5 is provided with a plurality of pairs of stubble breaking mechanisms, anti-blocking devices and ditching devices, so that multi-row ditching can be realized, and the ditching efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the anti-blocking devices are arranged in two and are symmetrically arranged in front of two sides of the stubble breaking mechanism, so that the two sides of the stubble breaking mechanism are balanced, the service life is prolonged, and the anti-blocking effect is improved.

The working principle is as follows: the cutting edge stubble breaking furrow opener is connected with a frame of the no-tillage seeder, when a tractor of the no-tillage seeder operates in the field, the cutting edge stubble breaking furrow opener breaks stubbles in a stubble field and simultaneously opens a certain seed row, the driving cutter head group carries out secondary cutting on the uncut and accumulated stubbles of the cutting edge stubble breaking furrow opener and enables the uncut and accumulated stubbles to be shunted, the blockage prevention of the no-tillage seeder is further realized, the double-disc obtuse-angle furrow opener ditches the opened seed rows, the soil penetration depth of the furrow opener is about 100mm, and the distance between the furrow opener and a main cutter is 50 mm; the symmetrical winged knives are arranged on the two sides of the seed bed, so that the symmetrical winged knives can be replaced after being worn conveniently, the area of the seed bed can be enlarged, and the seed rows can be loosened; the root system of the weeds is cut and shunted towards the two sides without being piled up, even if a small amount of stubble weeds are attached to the main cutter body, the weeds slide to the top end from the main cutter rod along with the continuous forward movement of the tractor, and then fall and keep a stable state all the time, and the structure of the weed cutting machine is shown in figure 1.

When the no-tillage planter advances, the wheel axle of the walking land wheel drives the anti-blocking cutter shaft through chain transmission, the anti-blocking blade makes circular motion around the cutter shaft and is in a suspension state, when the tractor advances, the overground weed stalks can be slowly gathered on the main cutter, but the anti-blocking blade can rotate around the anti-blocking cutter shaft, and therefore the stalks near the furrow opener can be smashed and thrown to the back. Meanwhile, the cutting edge of the anti-blocking blade can be used for cutting weeds tightly wound on the main cutter body to be fluffy along with the advancing of the tractor, and the weeds are divided to two sides when the weeds pass through the blade to break stubbles of the furrow opener. By the mode, the anti-blocking blade can effectively clean straws and sundries in front of the blade stubble breaking furrow opener, and prevent working parts from being blocked.

The diameter size of preventing stifled blade is designed according to the vertical distance of ground and no-tillage seeding frame girder, the utility model discloses in consider that cutting edge stubble-breaking furrow opener generally buries 50-100mm at the during operation, in order to guarantee that the complete machine can work smoothly, finally determine the diameter of preventing stifled blade to be 300mm, thickness is 5 mm.

The anti-blocking cutter is characterized in that the anti-blocking cutter is installed on an anti-blocking cutter shaft, a long steel pipe is welded at the center of the anti-blocking cutter, a screw hole is tapped on the outer surface of the long steel pipe, then a section of plane is arranged on the cutter shaft, a bolt penetrates through the screw hole to fix the anti-blocking cutter on the cutter shaft, the anti-blocking cutter shaft is connected to a wheel shaft of a walking land wheel through chain transmission to be driven, and the horizontal distance between the cutting edge stubble breaking furrow opener and the anti-blocking cutter can be adjusted according to the specific situation of field working, so that.

The double-disc obtuse-angle furrow opener is characterized in that the edges of the furrow opener are wedged into soil to extrude the soil on two sides by the gravity of the whole machine tool connected with the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism during working, so as to form a seed furrow, the double-disc obtuse-angle furrow opener is composed of two plane discs which are inclined relatively to each other, and the soil-entering angle is an obtuse angle, but the contact between the two plane discs and the soil is linear, so that larger stress can be formed, and the soil-entering capacity is stronger.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention, therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a stifled ditching equipment is prevented in no-tillage which characterized in that: including broken stubble mechanism, prevent stifled device and ditching device, ditching device adopts two disc obtuse angle furrow openers, and ditching device and broken stubble mechanism all connect in frame (5) through four-bar linkage in parallel and broken stubble mechanism is located ditching device and is located broken stubble mechanism rear side, prevent stifled device and install by broken stubble mechanism.

2. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the stubble breaking mechanism comprises a main cutter body (16), the main cutter body (16) comprises a straight line section and a forward-bent arc section which are of an integrated structure, two sides of the arc section are symmetrically and fixedly connected with blades (17), and the upper end of the straight line section is connected with a parallel four-bar copying mechanism.

3. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the anti-blocking device comprises an anti-blocking blade (15) and an anti-blocking cutter shaft (13), the anti-blocking blade (15) is fixedly connected to the anti-blocking cutter shaft (13), two ends of the anti-blocking cutter shaft (13) are fixedly connected to the rack (5) through bearing blocks (12), and one end of the anti-blocking cutter shaft (13) extends out and then is connected to a wheel shaft of the walking land wheel through a transmission mechanism.

4. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the ditching device comprises two disc blades (14) and symmetrical bending shafts (18), the two disc blades (14) are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the bending shafts (18), the two disc blades (14) are V-like, and the bending shafts (18) are connected to the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism through disc tool rests (21).

5. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 4, wherein: two disc blades (14) are fixedly connected with a flange (19) at the outer side, the flange (19) is rotatably connected to a bending shaft (18) through a bearing (20), the middle of the bending shaft (18) is symmetrically and fixedly provided with a disc tool rest (21), the outer end of the bending shaft is provided with an end cover (22), a plugging cover (23) is arranged outside the end cover (22), the plugging cover (23) is movably sleeved on the flange (19), and a dustproof felt ring (24) is arranged between the plugging cover and the end cover.

6. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the disc cutter rest (21) comprises two symmetrical check blocks (25), a disc cutter bar (26) and a connecting sleeve (27), the two check blocks (25) are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the middle of the bending shaft (18), one end of the disc cutter bar (26) is fixedly connected to the two check blocks (25), the other end of the disc cutter bar is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve (27), and the connecting sleeve (27) is connected to the parallel four-bar copying mechanism.

7. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism comprises two fixed vertical bars (28), four connecting rods (2) and a connecting frame (1), the two fixed vertical bars (28) are in bilateral symmetry and are vertically and fixedly connected to the rack (5), the four connecting rods (2) are hinged to the two ends of the two fixed vertical bars (28) in an up-down bilateral symmetry mode, the other ends of the four connecting rods (2) are hinged to the connecting frame (1), and the lower end of the connecting frame (1) is provided with a connecting hole for connecting the stubble breaking mechanism.

8. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the frame (5) comprises two bending beams (502) arranged below two ends of a connecting beam (501), and a connecting flange (503) is arranged on the lower side of the lower end part of each bending beam (502).

9. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of pairs of stubble breaking mechanisms, anti-blocking devices and ditching devices are arranged on the frame (5).

10. The no-tillage, anti-clogging ditching apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the two anti-blocking devices are symmetrically arranged in front of two sides of the stubble breaking mechanism.