CN209805027U - Safe supply socket of school's laboratory is exclusively used in - Google Patents
Safe supply socket of school's laboratory is exclusively used in Download PDFInfo
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- CN209805027U CN209805027U CN201921024493.7U CN201921024493U CN209805027U CN 209805027 U CN209805027 U CN 209805027U CN 201921024493 U CN201921024493 U CN 201921024493U CN 209805027 U CN209805027 U CN 209805027U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a safe power socket special for school laboratories, which comprises a common socket circuit, a full-bridge rectifier module circuit, a one-way silicon controlled rectifier TH grid driving voltage forming circuit, an overcurrent protection module circuit and a manual recovery switch circuit, wherein the total of six module circuits are formed; the inside control circuit of safe supply socket regards as a one-way silicon controlled rectifier TH as core component, the electric current through supply socket is whole to be born by TH, the source electrode of TH has connect sampling resistor, the collecting electrode of transistor Q is connected to the grid, load (test bench) in case overflows or the short circuit, sampling voltage control transistor Q switches on, lead to one-way silicon controlled rectifier to end, thereby safe supply socket stops to the load power supply, this kind of safe supply socket only needs to install a circuit control panel inside any ordinary supply socket additional and can realize, it is nimble very, convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a section is exclusively used in safe supply socket's of school's laboratory use technique, traditional supply socket does not possess load short circuit or electric current overload protection function, this kind of traditional simple socket exists some not enough in the aspect of safety protection promptly, design a section electric current overload protection control circuit, it is integrated with traditional supply socket to make it, form a safe supply socket, in case overcurrent or short circuit through laboratory bench or the workstation of this kind of safe supply socket power supply, the action of built-in protection circuit, thereby safe supply socket stops to the load power supply, this kind of safe supply socket as long as install a circuit control board additional in any ordinary supply socket inside can realize, it is nimble very, it is convenient.
Background
Currently, no matter universities, middle schools and even elementary schools are equipped with electric, electrician, electronic or physical related experimental projects, which are distributed on a plurality of test tables according to the number of students for the students to operate, so as to complete the experimental projects, and the power sockets (usually 220V AC output) on the test tables are directly connected to the general power distribution cabinet of the laboratory.
The power supply of the laboratory is 220V or 380V power electricity, and a little better laboratory is generally that the whole laboratory is equipped with a medium-grade power distribution cabinet, controls the power supply of the whole laboratory including the laboratory bench. That is to say, the power supply part of every laboratory bench does not have self independent protection device, but directly is controlled by the switch board, and protection work also is accomplished by the switch board, in case any laboratory bench has the overcurrent or short circuit condition, the circuit breaker in the switch board then can trip, implements short-circuit protection, so as long as there is a laboratory bench to take place short-circuit fault, the test bench of whole laboratory all can be forced to stop the power supply. After the experiment teacher has handled the trouble, the switch is closed again by hand to continue the experiment, which is very troublesome.
The laboratory teacher is troublesome to be something of a trivial affair, more importantly, when students do electric experiments, the students usually contract hands and contract feet due to fear of short circuits, always carelessly swing wings, fear that the students accidentally short circuits at that place, suddenly emit electric sparks around, and send out 'crack' and 'loud' during the protection of the total power distribution cabinet in a laboratory, and the students are frightened.
Because what the switch board generally protected is whole laboratory, so the protection current all presets great, so often before the switch board implements the protection laboratory bench, this experimental item or laboratory bench itself probably has been burnt out. Not only the public property is damaged, but also the interest of students in experiments is stricken greatly. After being frightened once, students usually avoid the experiments, especially many girl students, possibly the whole life can not contact electricity. Women of any age at all can be asked about how much they like to touch the electricity, and the people who believe that the few are frightened by the electricity.
Aiming at the situations, a safety power socket can be arranged on each experiment table, the safety socket can implement rapid overload and short-circuit protection, the reaction time of the device is in microsecond level, the completeness of experimental equipment can be ensured as far as possible, the protection is realized invisibly, the mental burden of students in the process of conducting electric experiments can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the interest of the students in conducting experiments is strengthened.
The cost for manufacturing the safety power socket is very low, only a control circuit board is additionally arranged in a common power socket, and whether the output voltage of the socket is determined by the control board according to the current situation. The control circuit board is not large in size, the interior of a common power socket can be completely placed, and only the insulation problem is noticed. After the transformation, each experiment table independently supplies power, self-protection is carried out once overcurrent or short circuit occurs, each experiment table independently carries out experiments, mutual noninterference is realized, and the mutual noninterference is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a safe supply socket that is different from traditional supply socket that simple structure, low in cost, use reliably, sensitivity is high is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a safe power socket dedicated for use in school laboratories (or personal use of the present invention), which comprises a common socket circuit, a full-bridge rectifier module circuit, a one-way thyristor TH gate driving voltage forming circuit, an overcurrent protection module circuit, a transistor Q maintaining saturation conduction circuit, a manual recovery switch circuit, a surge voltage absorption circuit, and a fault indication circuit; the common socket circuit is a common socket in the market, a live wire, namely an L joint, of the socket is connected with a live wire of commercial power, a ground wire of the socket is connected with a ground wire of an original socket, an N joint of an original zero line of the socket is connected with an input terminal 1 of the full-bridge rectification module circuit through a power switch S2, and the commercial power zero line is directly connected with the other input terminal 2 of the full-bridge rectification module circuit; the output negative terminal 4 of the full-bridge rectifier module circuit is connected with the working ground of the whole control circuit, the output positive terminal 3 of the full-bridge rectifier module circuit is connected with the anode of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH circuit, and the cathode of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH circuit is connected with the working ground of the control circuit through a resistor R3; the overcurrent protection module circuit is composed of a sampling resistor R3Sequentially connected switch diode D5Resistance R6The emitter of the transistor Q is connected with the working ground, and the collector of the transistor Q is connected with the grid of the controllable silicon TH through a resistor R2; the one-way silicon controlled TH grid driving voltage forming circuit is sequentially connected with a rectifier diode D through a live wire of a mains supply10Voltage reducing resistor R11And an electrolytic capacitor C3And a zener diode D8Composition of a zener diode D8A stable 15V driving voltage is formed and is connected with the collector of the transistor Q through a resistor R5; the transistor Q maintains a saturated conduction circuit and consists of an electrolytic capacitor C1, the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH, and the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected with a working ground; the resistor R4 is connected with the switch S1 to form the manual recovery switch circuit, and the manual recovery switch circuit is connected with the capacitor C1 in parallel; the fault indication circuit is composed of a light emitting diode D6, and the transistor Q is kept in saturated conductionThe control voltage formed by the circuit sequentially passes through a light-emitting diode D6, resistors R7 and R8 and forms the conduction control voltage of the base electrode of the transistor Q in an operating mode, the connection common point of the resistors R7 and R8 is kept connected with the base electrode of the transistor Q, the surge voltage absorption circuit is composed of a voltage dependent resistor VDR, and the VDR is connected with the C1 in parallel.
The gate driving voltage of the one-way thyristor TH forms a circuit, the right side of the switch diode D9 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C3, and the left side of the switch diode D9 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R9 and the light-emitting diode D6 in sequence.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a safety outlet control board circuit, which is part of the present application and is shown in fig. 1 to provide a further understanding of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Working principle of safety power socket
1.1 introduction of unidirectional thyristor
Because the application of the silicon controlled rectifier is the core of the design, the characteristics of the silicon controlled rectifier need to be simply introduced, as can be seen from the attached drawing 1, 220V alternating current enters a control circuit board after being rectified by a rectifier bridge stack, and based on the cost, the design does not adopt the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier as a power device, but adopts the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier to control the on-off of the socket.
The unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier is a controllable rectifying electronic element which can be switched from off to on under the action of an external control signal, but once the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier is switched on, the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier cannot be switched off by the external signal, and the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier can be switched off only by removing a load or reducing the voltage at two ends of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier. Compared with a diode with one PN junction, the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier is a four-layer three-terminal semiconductor device consisting of three PN junctions PNPN, and the forward conduction of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier is controlled by the control current; the difference compared to a triode with two PN junctions is that the thyristor has no amplifying effect on the control gate current.
Working principle of safety socket
As described above, the most important features of the safety power socket are low cost, high performance, fast response, automatic recovery or manual recovery (manual recovery is required for the design of the safety socket), the core of the socket is an internal control circuit board, and the electrical schematic diagram of the circuit board is shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from the attached figure 1, the design circuit comprises 9 module circuits such as a common socket circuit, a full-bridge rectifier module circuit, a one-way silicon controlled TH grid driving voltage forming circuit, an overcurrent protection module circuit, a transistor Q maintaining saturation conducting circuit, a manual recovery switch circuit, a surge voltage absorbing circuit, a fault indication circuit and the like.
The one-way controllable silicon TH is a core execution device which can complete a safety task because of a safety power socket, current flowing through an original socket (socket output is connected with a test bench) is rectified through a rectifier bridge stack consisting of 4 rectifier tubes to form one-way pulsating direct current voltage and then flows through the one-way controllable silicon TH, so that the one-way controllable silicon bears all current of the whole test bench, the safety power socket has no voltage output and completely depends on the conduction condition of the one-way controllable silicon, and if the circuit has no overload or short circuit condition, the one-way controllable silicon is conducted, and the socket outputs voltage; otherwise, if the overcurrent or short circuit condition exists, the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier is cut off, the experiment table is stopped to be supplied with power, after the experiment table is carefully detected and the fault is eliminated, the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier is continuously conducted, and the conduction recovery can be automatically realized or manually realized.
The circuit for forming the gate drive voltage of the unidirectional silicon controlled TH is composed of a rectifier diode D10Voltage reducing resistor R11And an electrolytic capacitor C3And a zener diode D8Composition, 220V AC power supply passes through D10、R11To C3Charged with positive voltage, zener diode D8Can limit the capacitance C3The voltage on does not exceed 15V. If the experiment table has no abnormal condition, the capacitor C3Voltage on through resistor R5、R2And the power supply is added to the grid of TH (unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier), so that TH can be reliably saturated and conducted.
The overcurrent protection module circuit is composed of a sampling resistor R3(the resistor is connected between the cathode of the one-way thyristor TH and the working ground, as shown in figure 1), and a switching diode D5Resistance R6And transistor Q groupThe module is the other core of the device, and is used for finishing the task of judging whether the working current of the test bed exceeds the limit, the judgment result is given to the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier for execution, and the whole process of overcurrent protection is described in detail as follows:
Once the experiment table has overload or short-circuit fault, the load current IRLIncrease of IRLAt the over-current sampling resistor R3Pressure drop V ofR3Increasing, thereby forming the following positive feedback process:
Wherein IRL、VR3、VQ-B、VQ-C、VTH-G、、VTH-D、VC1Respectively consuming total current (or socket output total current) for the test bed and sampling resistor R3Upper end earth voltage, transistor Q base voltage, transistor Q collector voltage, unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH grid voltage, unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH anode voltage and electrolytic capacitor C1The voltage of the positive electrode.
The strong positive feedback process makes the one-way controllable silicon TH suddenly change from saturation conducting state to cut-off state, and finally cuts off the load RL(i.e., laboratory bench) power supply (switching time of about 1 μ S), and then capacitor C1The upper charged voltage (pulsating dc voltage) will maintain the transistor Q in saturation conduction and thus keep the one-way thyristor TH off.
The manual recovery switch circuit module is pressed by the touch button S1And an electrolytic capacitor C1Discharge resistor R4After the short-circuit fault of the test bed is eliminated through careful inspection, if the control panel of the safety power socket does not have the electrolytic capacitor C1The design can be modified into a mode of automatically recovering power supply of a safety power socket, namely, the one-way thyristor can automatically recover conduction, and the design is that manual recovery is required for safety, so that the capacitor C1Cannot be removed, and the principle is explained as follows.
In FIG. 1, S2Is the power switch of the load. S1Is to activate the light touch button to protectAfter the protection device is powered off, if the protection device is not pressed S1Push-button, in theory the load is always cut off, only touching S1time, electrolytic capacitor C1The charge can pass through the resistor R4Releasing to make the transistor Q turn off at the zero-crossing time of the power supply voltage (not at the zero-crossing time even if the capacitor C is not present)1The transistor Q does not become the off state, but remains the on state). Capacitor C once transistor Q is turned off3The voltage of the voltage can be applied to the gate of the unidirectional thyristor TH, causing TH to turn on. Once TH is on, the electrolytic capacitor is charged with C1The voltage of the thyristor TH cannot be established, thereby ensuring continuous conduction of the thyristor TH.
Therefore, if the experiment table has no overload and short-circuit faults, once the experiment table is started, the transistor Q is cut off, the conduction state of the one-way thyristor TH is locked, students can experiment easily and confidently, and the circuit short circuit is not worried about. Even if some students inadvertently short the circuit or have an excessive load due to an operational error, the safety power outlet cuts off the power supply to the laboratory bench at an instant of about 1 μ S as described above. And the actions are realized in a silent and intangible manner, and no terrorist tripping sound or electric spark of common safety units such as a circuit breaker or an air switch exists, so that students can not feel the action at a glance, and the experiment is carried out in the environment, so that teachers save worry, the students are happy, and schools hold more fun.
Some thin college of mind, now that S1Is a start button, if the whole experiment table or experiment project has no fault, the experiment table or experiment project can be normally started, but if the fault still exists, the students can press S directly1What happens when the button is not held (this is a mistake often made by beginners)! This is also an appreciated place of the device, if the "short circuit or overload" fault of the laboratory bench is not resolved, and there is a wrong student forcing to press the start button S1At this time, the transistor Q in the circuit diagram 1 can be cut off only near the zero-crossing time of the power supply voltage, and the one-way thyristor TH can be switched on only near the zero-crossing time of the power supply voltage, so that the starting current is limited, and the current is not limited to the experiment tableThere will be any effect. After students release the starting button, the one-way thyristor is still in a cut-off state, so that the absolute safety of all equipment including a 'laboratory bench', an 'experimental project' and the like is ensured.
D6Is a light emitting diode, when the one-way thyristor is cut off, D6The function of fault indication is achieved; VDR is a varistor to absorb abnormal surge voltage; switch diode D9Isolating a controlled silicon gate start voltage (capacitor C)3Voltage of) and manual starting voltage (capacitor C)1Upper voltage) so that the two signals do not interfere with each other.
If the safety power socket is installed according to the parameters of elements in the figure, the maximum peak current which can be passed by the safety power socket is about 20A, the conversion success rate is about 4000W, the safety power socket basically meets the power consumption requirements of daily electric, electronic, physical and other experiment tables, and can timely and accurately cut off the power supply of the experiment tables when the 'overload or short circuit' fault occurs, so that the absolute safety of experiment items is protected.
In addition, a safety power supply device in a laboratory should have an electric shock protection function to protect personal safety. But that function is beyond the scope of the discussion herein.
1.3 preparation of
The safety power socket is very simple and convenient to manufacture, and can be realized by only adding a circuit control board shown in figure 1 in the original power socket, namely, any common power socket can be upgraded into the safety power socket.
The circuit control board of fig. 1 is completely transparent to the test stand, the connection between the test stand and the original power socket is not changed, the upper and lower contacts L, N of the test stand shown in fig. 1 are the live wire and the zero wire of the original power socket, and the ground wire is the original ground wire.
Switch S in FIG. 12Directly using the original switch of the common socket as the touch button S1The light touch button can be opened at a proper position of the common socket and led out, and the installation and the use are very convenient.
The design makes full use of the original resources of the common socket, and utilizes the power supply control circuit board additionally arranged inside the common socket under the guidance of the idea that the using habits of students are not changed and the electricity taking position of the test bed is not changed, so that the common socket is upgraded into a safe socket, and the price of used electronic devices is very low. The safety power socket can independently control the power supply or the power failure of any test bed, and the socket supplies power normally as long as the test bed (including experimental items) has no abnormality; once the test bed (including the experimental project) has a short circuit or an overload phenomenon, the safety power socket can disconnect the power supply of the test bed within 1 mu S, and all the treatment is silent, the design can enhance the interest of students in performing experiments, reduce the management burden of experimental teachers, prolong the service life of school property, and fully show that the cost performance of the design is quite high.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a safe supply socket of school's laboratory is exclusively used in which characterized in that: the safety power socket comprises a common socket circuit, a full-bridge rectifier module circuit, a one-way silicon controlled TH grid driving voltage forming circuit, an overcurrent protection module circuit, a transistor Q maintaining saturation conduction circuit, a manual recovery switch circuit, a surge voltage absorption circuit and a fault indication circuit; the common socket circuit is a common socket in the market, a live wire, namely an L joint, of the socket is connected with a live wire of commercial power, a ground wire of the socket is connected with a ground wire of an original socket, an N joint of an original zero line of the socket is connected with an input terminal 1 of the full-bridge rectification module circuit through a power switch S2, and the commercial power zero line is directly connected with the other input terminal 2 of the full-bridge rectification module circuit; the output negative terminal 4 of the full-bridge rectifier module circuit is connected with the working ground of the whole control circuit, the output positive terminal 3 of the full-bridge rectifier module circuit is connected with the anode of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH circuit, and the cathode of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH circuit is connected with the working ground of the control circuit through a resistor R3; the overcurrent protection module circuit is composed of a sampling resistor R3Sequentially connected switch diode D5resistance R6The base electrode of the transistor Q is connected to workThe collector of the transistor Q is connected with the grid of the controllable silicon TH through a resistor R2; the one-way silicon controlled TH grid driving voltage forming circuit is sequentially connected with a rectifier diode D through a live wire of a mains supply10Voltage reducing resistor R11And an electrolytic capacitor C3And a zener diode D8Composition of a zener diode D8A stable 15V driving voltage is formed and is connected with the collector of the transistor Q through a resistor R5; the transistor Q maintains a saturated conduction circuit and consists of an electrolytic capacitor C1, the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the unidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TH, and the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected with a working ground; the resistor R4 is connected with the switch S1 to form the manual recovery switch circuit, and the manual recovery switch circuit is connected with the capacitor C1 in parallel; the fault indication circuit is composed of a light emitting diode D6, a control voltage formed by a transistor Q maintaining saturated conduction circuit sequentially passes through the light emitting diode D6, resistors R7 and R8 to operatively form a conduction control voltage of a transistor Q base, a connection common point of the resistors R7 and R8 is kept connected with the transistor Q base, the surge voltage absorption circuit is composed of a voltage dependent resistor VDR, and the VDR is connected with the C1 in parallel.
2. The safety power socket special for school laboratories as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gate driving voltage of the one-way thyristor TH forms a circuit, the right side of the switch diode D9 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C3, and the left side of the switch diode D9 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R9 and the light-emitting diode D6 in sequence.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921024493.7U CN209805027U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Safe supply socket of school's laboratory is exclusively used in |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921024493.7U CN209805027U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Safe supply socket of school's laboratory is exclusively used in |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209805027U true CN209805027U (en) | 2019-12-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921024493.7U Expired - Fee Related CN209805027U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Safe supply socket of school's laboratory is exclusively used in |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209805027U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110190471A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-08-30 | 山西工程技术学院 | A kind of safety power source plug socket and production method |
-
2019
- 2019-07-03 CN CN201921024493.7U patent/CN209805027U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110190471A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-08-30 | 山西工程技术学院 | A kind of safety power source plug socket and production method |
| CN110190471B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2024-06-28 | 山西工程技术学院 | Safety power socket and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20191217 Termination date: 20200703 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |