CN209802021U

CN209802021U - drying machine

Info

Publication number: CN209802021U
Application number: CN201920406030.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴杰俊
Original assignee: WANHUA MACHINE CO Ltd CHANGSHA; Hunan Chenzhou Grain & Oil Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: WANHUA MACHINE CO Ltd CHANGSHA; Hunan Chenzhou Grain & Oil Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-27
Filing date: 2019-03-27
Publication date: 2019-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2029-03-27

Abstract

The application provides a drying machine, and relates to the field of drying equipment. A dryer, comprising: the tempering drying layer comprises a circulating fan, and a hot air output horn-shaped pipe and a hot air input horn-shaped pipe which are arranged inside the tempering drying layer, wherein the hot air output horn-shaped pipe is communicated with an air outlet of the circulating fan, and the hot air input horn-shaped pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the circulating fan; the drying layer is provided with an air inlet pipe for supplying air to the drying layer and an exhaust fan for exhausting air from the drying layer; the tempering drying layer is arranged above the drying layer and is communicated with the drying layer. The application provides a desiccator, in each dry slow soviet circulation, adopt the heat preservation to moisturize slow soviet, the inside temperature of cereal risees sooner, and slow soviet efficiency has improved, and slow soviet time reduces to the approximate three-quarters to the half that accounts for whole cycle.

Description

Drying machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a drying equipment field particularly, relates to a desiccator.

Background

The batch grain drier is one kind of mature grain material drier comprising drying tower and elevator. The drying layer of the batch type circulation grain dryer has two types of cross flow structure and mixed flow structure.

The drying process of the grains is actually the process of moisture migration from the inside to the outside, this migration process being actually achieved mainly by means of capillary channels inside the grains. Because the channel is damaged by overhigh temperature, the popping rate of the grains exceeds the industrial standard, the quality of the grains is greatly reduced, the taste and the appearance of the grains are seriously deteriorated, the fragrance is reduced, the grinding rate is improved, and the market value is greatly reduced, the temperature and the speed of hot air for drying must be controlled during drying, so that the grains often need to pass through a large-section tempering layer to carry out moisture migration in a low-temperature environment.

although the tempering layer is arranged, the problem is avoided, but the ratio of tempering time of the grains in the tempering layer to drying time in the drying layer is more than 5 and generally between 10 and 15, so that the time of drying the grains by using hot air in the drying layer only accounts for a very small part of the whole drying process, the tempering layer is used for tempering in most of the time, and the drying efficiency is very low; in the grain harvesting season, the grains are mildewed and rotted due to insufficient operation capacity of drying equipment, equipment investment is increased, and capacity waste is caused in a slack season. The market needs a drying device with high drying efficiency and good drying effect.

in view of this, the present invention is especially provided.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

A first object of the utility model is to provide a drying machine, drying machine in each dry slow soviet circulation, adopt heat preservation moisturizing slow soviet, cereal lasts to rise inside temperature in damp and hot air current, impels inside moisture to move to the surface faster, discharges surface moisture simultaneously controlled, cereal surface moisture content rate rises to the level that obviously is higher than can be obtained at the slow soviet layer of prior art. The moisture gradient and the pressure difference inside and outside the grains and the internal stress are further reduced, so that the internal temperature of the grains is increased quickly, the tempering efficiency is improved, and the tempering time is reduced to about three-quarters to one half of the whole period.

In order to realize the above purpose of the utility model, the following technical scheme is adopted:

A dryer, comprising:

The tempering drying layer comprises a circulating fan, and a hot air output horn-shaped pipe and a hot air input horn-shaped pipe which are arranged inside the tempering drying layer, wherein the hot air output horn-shaped pipe is communicated with an air outlet of the circulating fan, and the hot air input horn-shaped pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the circulating fan;

the drying layer is provided with an air inlet pipe for supplying air to the drying layer and an exhaust fan for exhausting air from the drying layer;

the tempering drying layer is arranged above the drying layer and is communicated with the drying layer.

Preferably, an air inlet horn-shaped pipe and an air outlet horn-shaped pipe are arranged in the drying layer, the air inlet horn-shaped pipe is communicated with the air inlet pipe through an air inlet box, and the air outlet horn-shaped pipe is communicated with the exhaust fan through an air outlet box; or,

The drying layer is internally provided with a sieve plate, the sieve plate comprises a hot air channel, a cold air channel and a grain channel which are alternately arranged in sequence, the hot air channel is communicated with the air inlet box, and the cold air channel is communicated with the air outlet box.

more preferably, hot air output horn-shaped pipe sets up hot air input horn-shaped pipe's top, hot air output horn-shaped pipe through first circulation hot air input bellows with circulating fan's air outlet intercommunication, hot air input horn-shaped pipe through first circulation hot air output bellows with circulating fan's air intake intercommunication.

Further preferably, the first circulating hot air output air box is communicated with the air inlet box or the air outlet box through a first hot air branch pipe, and a first electric air adjusting door for controlling the amount of hot air is arranged at the joint of the air inlet box or the air outlet box and the first hot air branch pipe.

Preferably, one end of the hot air input horn-shaped pipe, which is far away from the first circulating hot air output air box, is communicated with a heat exchanger or an external heat source through an auxiliary hot air input air box.

Preferably, the hot air output horn-shaped pipe is arranged below the hot air input horn-shaped pipe, the hot air output horn-shaped pipe is communicated with the air outlet of the circulating fan through a second circulating hot air input air box, and the hot air input horn-shaped pipe is communicated with the air inlet of the circulating fan through a second circulating hot air output air box.

Further preferably, the dryer further comprises a heat exchanger or an external heat source, and one end of the hot air input horn-shaped pipe, which is far away from the second circulating hot air output air box, is communicated with the air inlet box or the heat exchanger or the external heat source or the air outlet box through a second auxiliary hot air input air box; the second circulating hot air output air box is communicated with the air inlet box or the air outlet box through a second hot air branch pipe, and a second electric air adjusting door used for controlling the hot air quantity is arranged at the joint of the air inlet box or the air outlet box and the second hot air branch pipe.

preferably, the dryer further comprises a heat exchanger or an external heat source, a grain expansion buffer area is further arranged above the tempering drying layer, and the grain expansion buffer area is communicated with the air inlet box or the heat exchanger or the external heat source or the air outlet box through a third hot air branch pipe.

More preferably, the drying layer from top to bottom divide into middle drying layer, middle slow su layer and lower drying layer in proper order, the horn shape pipe of air inlet with the horn shape pipe of air outlet is located middle drying layer with in the lower drying layer.

Optionally, the drying machine further comprises a grain collecting hopper, a lower grain chute, a grain elevator, an upper grain chute and a grain homogenizing disc; the grain collecting hopper is arranged below the drying layer and is communicated with the lower end of the grain elevator through the lower grain chute; the feeding end of the upper grain chute is communicated with the upper end of the grain lifter; the grain homogenizing plate is arranged at the discharge end of the grain chute and used for uniformly distributing grains in the tempering drying layer.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

(1) The original low-temperature cooling and drying mode of the tempering layer is changed, tempering is carried out in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation state, the problem of high-temperature waist bursting rate improvement is solved, and the problem of low drying efficiency in the low-temperature cooling state is solved;

(2) the drying process is optimized, and the drying efficiency is obviously improved; the contradiction between high mechanical harvesting speed of large-scale grains and low drying speed of a grain drying machine is improved;

(3) The quality of the grain materials such as the grain, the tea seed, the tung seed and the like dried by the dryer is improved, in particular to the quality of the heat-sensitive grain such as the rice.

Drawings

in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a dryer provided in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of the dryer provided in example 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an electric damper on an air inlet box according to embodiment 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an electric damper provided in an air outlet box according to example 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with a heat exchanger according to example 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an external heat source according to example 3;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the interior of the dryer provided in example 4;

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an electric damper on an air inlet box according to embodiment 4;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an electric damper provided in an air outlet box according to example 4;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with a heat exchanger according to example 4;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an external heat source according to example 4;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the interior of the dryer provided in example 5;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an electric damper on an air inlet box according to embodiment 5;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an electric damper provided in an air outlet box according to example 5;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with a heat exchanger according to example 5;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a dryer provided with an external heat source according to example 5;

FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of the dryer provided in example 6;

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the dryer provided in example 7.

Reference numerals: 1-hot air output horn-shaped pipe; 2-inputting hot air into the horn-shaped pipe; 3-a circulating fan; 4-circulating air pipe; 5-an air inlet pipe; 6-an exhaust fan; 7-horn-shaped air inlet pipe; 8-air outlet horn-shaped pipe; 9-an air inlet box; 10-air supply duct; 11-an air outlet box; 12-an automatic control box; 13-a transition air duct; 14-a first circulating hot air input bellows; 15-a first circulating hot air output air box; 16-a grain collection hopper; 17-lower grain chute; 18-a grain elevator; 19-feeding grain chute; 20-grain homogenizing plate; 21-heat preservation tempering layer with moisture; 22-low temperature damp and hot wind output layer; 23-heat preservation and moisture preservation dry layer; 24-a gas flow mixing input layer; 25-times dry layer; 26-main dry layer; 27-a return air duct; 28-a first hot blast branch pipe; 29-a first electrically operated damper; 30-a first auxiliary hot air input bellows; 31-a heat exchanger; 32-an external heat source; 33-a first conduit; 34-a second circulating hot air input air box; 35-a second circulating hot air output wind box; 36-a second auxiliary hot air input bellows; 37-a second hot blast branch pipe; 38-a second electrically operated damper; 39-a second conduit; 40-tempering layer; 41-drying the wet and hot air layer; 42-a grain expansion buffer zone; 43-third hot blast branch pipes; 44-a third electric air damper; 45-air supply fan; 46-intermediate drying layer; 47-middle tempering layer; 48-drying the layer; 49-upper dry layer; 50-sieve plate; 51-hot air channel; 52-cold air channel; 53-grain channel; 54-edge guide slide carriage; 55-middle guide angle slide carriage; 56-conveying means.

Detailed Description

the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all embodiments, and are only used for illustrating the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

in the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a dryer includes a tempering drying layer and a drying layer which are arranged in a through manner from top to bottom along a height direction; the tempering drying layer comprises a circulating fan 3 and a hot air output angle-shaped pipe 1 and a hot air input angle-shaped pipe 2 which are arranged in the tempering drying layer, the hot air output angle-shaped pipe 1 is communicated with an air outlet of the circulating fan 3, the hot air input angle-shaped pipe 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the circulating fan 3, and the hot air output angle-shaped pipe 1 is communicated with the circulating fan 3 through a circulating air pipe 4. The drying layer is provided with an air inlet pipe 5 for supplying air to the drying layer and an exhaust fan 6 for exhausting air from the drying layer.

in an alternative embodiment, in order to better optimize the distribution of hot air in the drying layer, an air inlet angle-shaped pipe 7 and an air outlet angle-shaped pipe 8 are arranged in the drying layer, the air inlet angle-shaped pipe 7 is communicated with the air inlet pipe 5 through an air inlet box 9 and an air supply pipe 10, and the air outlet angle-shaped pipe 8 is communicated with the exhaust fan 6 through an air outlet box 11. A transition air pipe 13 can be arranged between the exhaust fan 6 and the air outlet box 11.

The hot air output angular pipe 1 is arranged above the hot air input angular pipe 2 along the height direction; in order to improve the air tightness of hot air in the circulating process and the integration level of equipment, the hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 is communicated with an air outlet of the circulating fan 3 through a first circulating hot air input air box 14, and the hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the circulating fan 3 through a first circulating hot air output air box 15.

Referring to fig. 1, the angular tube cross-section is preferably pentagonal. The other end opposite to one end of the hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 connected with the first circulating hot air input air box 14 and the other end opposite to one end of the hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2 connected with the first circulating hot air output air box 15 are connected with the inner wall of the dryer.

In a preferred embodiment, the conveying means comprise a grain collection hopper 16, a lower grain chute 17, a grain elevator 18, an upper grain chute 19 and a grain homogenisation tray 20; the grain collecting hopper 16 is arranged below the drying layer and is communicated with the lower end of a grain lifter 18 through a lower grain chute 17; the feeding end of the upper grain chute 19 is communicated with the upper end of the grain elevator 18, and the discharging end of the upper grain chute 19 is provided with a grain homogenizing disc 20 which is used for uniformly distributing grains on the tempering drying layer.

according to different functions of each drying section, the dryer can be divided into a heat preservation tempering layer 21 with moisture, a low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22, a heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, an air flow mixing input layer 24, a secondary drying layer 25 and a main drying layer 26 from top to bottom.

The direction of wind flow within the device (see in particular the arrows) is substantially as follows: hot air from the air inlet pipe 5 is distributed through the air inlet box 9 and then is sent to the air inlet horn-shaped pipe 7 in the main drying layer, passes through grains in various movement directions, transfers heat to the grains, takes away water vapor and dust at medium speed, enters the air outlet horn-shaped pipe 8, is collected through the air outlet box 11, is discharged into tail air treatment equipment through the air transition pipe 13 and the exhaust fan 6, and is discharged into the atmosphere; in the longitudinal direction, under the action of the circulating fan 3, a negative pressure area is formed near the hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2 arranged on the air flow mixing input layer 24, air is sucked from the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23 and the secondary drying layer 25, the air is collected by the first circulating hot air output air box 15 and then is sent to the hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 arranged on the low-temperature and moisture-retention air output layer 22 through the circulating fan 3, the circulating air pipe 4 and the first circulating hot air input air box 14, the hot air is upwards sent to the heat preservation and moisture preservation tempering layer 21 and is downwards sent to the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23 through the hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1, and the part of air comes from the main drying layer 26, the secondary drying layer 25 and the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23 and has certain temperature and humidity, so that grains can reach the balance among temperature, humidity and moisture migration speed in the heat preservation and moisture preservation tempering layer 21. The hot air is subjected to heat exchange with grains in the heat insulation tempering layer 21 with moisture, enters the grain elevator 18 through the upper grain chute 19 at the top of the dryer, then enters the grain collecting hopper 16 and the air outlet angle-shaped pipe 8 of the main drying layer 26 through the return air pipe 27, is collected through the air outlet box 11, is discharged into tail air treatment equipment through the transitional air pipe 13 and the exhaust fan 6, and is discharged into the atmosphere.

example 2

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the embodiment 1, the air inlet box 9 (see fig. 3) or the air outlet box 11 (see fig. 4) is communicated with the first circulating hot air output air box 15 through the first hot air branch pipe 28, and a first electric damper 29 for controlling the amount of hot air is provided at the connection of the first hot air branch pipe 28 and the air inlet box 9 or the air outlet box 11.

the main purpose of providing the electric damper on the air inlet box 9 is to directly supply a part of the hot air with higher temperature (without heat exchange through the drying layer) from the air inlet pipe 5 to the tempering drying layer from the air inlet box 9 so as to regulate the temperature of the tempering drying layer.

The main purpose of arranging the electric air adjusting door on the air outlet box 11 is to directly supplement a part of warm and humid air with lower relative temperature (heat exchange is carried out through the drying layer) from the drying layer to the tempering drying layer from the air outlet box 11 so as to regulate and control the temperature and humidity of the tempering drying layer.

In an optional embodiment, electric air adjusting doors can be arranged on the air inlet box 9 and the air outlet box 11 at the same time, and are communicated with the first circulating hot air output air box 15 through branch pipes, so that more accurate temperature and humidity adjustment can be realized.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 5, in the embodiment 1, the hot air input horn 2 communicates with the first circulating hot air output wind box 15 at the opposite end to the one end, and communicates with the heat exchanger 31 through the first auxiliary hot air input wind box 30. Normal temperature air in the atmosphere is heated by a heat exchanger 31, then enters a first auxiliary hot air input air box 30 and a hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2, is mixed with hot air from a drying layer and air of a heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, and then enters the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23 and a heat preservation moisture-carrying tempering layer 21 through a first circulating hot air output air box 15, a circulating fan 3, a circulating air pipe 4, a first circulating hot air input air box 14 and a hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 to form a circulation.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the heat exchanger 31 may be replaced by an external heat source 32, and the external heat source 32 is communicated with the first circulating hot air output wind box 15 through a first pipe 33.

In examples 1 to 4, the hot air volume of the hot air input horn-shaped tube 2 in the air flow mixing input layer 24 from the main drying layer 26 through the sub drying layer 25 depends on the negative pressure difference between the hot air input horn-shaped tube 2 and the main drying layer 26 in the air flow mixing input layer 24, and the rotation speed of the circulating fan 3 is adjusted according to the temperature and humidity sensor arranged in the circulating air tube 4 and compared with the value set in the electric control system, so that the negative pressure difference can be adjusted, and the hot air volume and the heat energy of the hot air input horn-shaped tube 2 in the air flow mixing input layer 24 are adjusted, and the temperature rise amplitude of the wet hot air flow is adjusted; or the opening of the first electric damper 29 can be adjusted at the same time, or the flow of steam, heat conducting oil and flue gas entering the heat exchanger 31, or the fuel quantity of the external heat source 32 can be adjusted, so that the temperature and humidity of the wet and hot air flow are controlled within a set range, for example, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the humidity is more than or equal to 20%. After the grains are dried by the main drying layer 26, the moisture on the surface is taken away by hot air, and the surface of the grain particles simultaneously absorbs part of heat, so that the temperature is raised. An automatic control box 12 is arranged and is controlled by a detection and display and electric control system of an on-line grain thermometer, so that the temperature of the grain surface can be controlled within a safe temperature range, and the drying at medium and low temperature with large air volume is implemented. After leaving the main drying layer 26, grains are discharged downwards into a grain collecting hopper 16 through a material shifting roller, are conveyed to the base of a grain elevator 18 through a lower grain chute 17, are lifted and discharged by the elevator, enter an upper grain chute 19, enter a grain homogenizing plate 20 at the top of the tower for dispersion, and enter a heat preservation tempering layer 21 with moisture. The grains slowly flow downwards in the heat preservation tempering layer 21 with moisture, the wet hot air from the hot air output angular pipe 1 in the low-temperature wet hot air output layer 22 upwards enters the heat preservation tempering layer 21 with moisture under the combined action of the positive pressure of the circulating fan 3 and the negative pressure of the exhaust fan 6, and the heat is continuously supplied to the grains in the tempering layer. Because humidity in the humid hot air current is greater than the heat preservation takes the cereal surface in moisture tempering layer 21, so the cereal surface in this tempering layer does not basically discharge moisture, only absorbs the heat, the transmission is inside the cereal for the continuation, that is to say, cereal is the heat preservation tempering at this tempering layer, the inside heat that continuously obtains of cereal, inside hydrone obtains kinetic energy increase, the speed that moves toward cereal surface increases, moisture gradient and the pressure differential inside and outside the cereal have been reduced, the internal stress reduces, biochemical reaction in the cereal is more normal, the loin rate of popping one's breath, taste value and other quality parameters are better. After passing through the heat preservation tempering layer 21 with moisture, the wet hot air flows through an upper grain conveying device, a middle seat of a lifter, a barrel of the lifter, a backflow air pipe 27, a grain collecting hopper 16, a cooling air duct of a main drying layer 26, an air outlet box 11, a transition air pipe 13, an exhaust fan 6, a tail air settling device and is exhausted into the atmosphere. The grains continuously and slowly descend, pass through the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22, enter the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation drying layer 23, the temperature inside and outside the grains continuously rises within the safety set range, and the moisture inside the grains continuously migrates to the surface. Because the outer surface of the grain particles is exposed to the flow of wet hot air, the rate of moisture removal from the grain surface is relatively slow and controlled. When the grain descends to the vicinity of the hot air input horn of the air flow mixing input layer 24, the moisture content of the grain surface rises to be obviously higher than that just entering the heat preservation wet tempering layer 21, and reaches dynamic balance with the temperature and humidity in the circulating wet hot air flow. This stage mainly causes the internal temperature of the grains to rise, discharging the internal moisture. The grain continues to descend through the air mix input layer 24 into the secondary drying layer 25, which corresponds to a counter-current drying layer at low air velocity, drying at low velocity. The grains continuously descend and enter the main drying layer 26, the temperature of hot air in the layer is higher than that of the upper five layers (the secondary drying layer 25, the airflow mixing input layer 24, the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22 and the heat preservation moisture-carrying tempering layer 21), but the hot air volume of the layer is far larger than that of the upper five layers within a controlled range, and the air speed is much higher. After the grains pass through the heat preservation zone moisture tempering layer 21 and the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, the difference value and the pressure difference of the moisture content inside and outside the grains become smaller, so that the problems of the moisture difference and the overlarge thermal stress are not easy to occur in the grain fast drying process in the main drying layer 26, the grain waist bursting rate is low, and the taste value and other quality parameters are high.

the whole process of the grain in the drying machine is contacted with hot air, and the grain is only in different layers, the temperature, the humidity and the speed of the hot air are different and are manually set and automatically controlled, so that the drying speed of the grain is obviously improved compared with the drying machine in the prior art, and the quality of the grain after drying is better.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 7, the difference from embodiment 1 is that a hot air output horn 1 is provided below a hot air input horn 2 in the height direction, the hot air output horn 1 is communicated with an air outlet of a circulation fan 3 through a second circulating hot air input blower 34, and the hot air input horn 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the circulation fan 3 through a second circulating hot air output blower 35.

In an alternative embodiment, the hot air input horn 2 communicates with the opposite end of the second circulating hot air output wind box 35 to communicate with the air inlet box 9 (see fig. 8) or the air outlet box 11 (see fig. 9) through the second auxiliary hot air input wind box 36. The second auxiliary hot air input bellows 36 is communicated with the air inlet box 9 or the air outlet box 11 through a second hot air branch pipe 37, and a second electric air adjusting door 38 for controlling the hot air quantity is arranged at the joint of the air inlet box 9 or the air outlet box 11 and the second hot air branch pipe 37.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, in another alternative embodiment, the hot air input horn 2 communicates with the other end opposite to the one end of the second circulating hot air output wind box 35, and communicates with the heat exchanger 31 (see fig. 10) or the external heat source 32 (see fig. 11) through the second auxiliary hot air input wind box 36. The second auxiliary hot air input bellows 36 is communicated with the external heat source 32 through a second pipeline 39.

According to different functions of each drying section, the dryer can be divided into a tempering layer 40, an airflow mixing input layer 24, a heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, a low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22, a damp and hot air drying layer 41 and a main drying layer 26 from top to bottom.

the grains slowly flow downward in the tempering layer 40, heat on the surfaces of the grains is transferred inward, moisture in the grains is transferred outward, and the temperature on the surfaces of the grains is lowered. The grains continuously descend, pass through the air flow mixing input layer 24, enter the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23 and the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22, the temperature inside and outside the grains continuously rises within the safety set range, and the water inside the grains continuously migrates to the surface. Because the outer surface of the grain particles is exposed to the flow of wet hot air, the rate of moisture removal from the grain surface is relatively slow and controlled. The moisture content of the surface of the grain is obviously higher than that of the grain just entering the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation drying layer, and the moisture content of the grain is dynamically balanced with the temperature and the humidity of the circulating wet hot air flow. This stage mainly causes the internal temperature of the grain to rise, migrating internal moisture outwards. The grains continuously descend and enter the wet hot air drying layer 41 along with the wet hot air flow, and the wind speed is low and the drying speed is low. The grains continue to descend and enter the main drying layer 26, the temperature of hot air in the layer is higher than that of the upper four layers (the airflow mixing input layer 24, the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22 and the damp and hot air drying layer 41), but the hot air volume of the layer is far larger than that of the upper four layers within a controlled range, and the air speed is much higher. After the grains pass through the tempering layer 40, the air flow mixing input layer 24, the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22 and the damp and hot air drying layer 41, the gradients and the pressure difference of the water content inside and outside the grains become smaller, so that the problems of overlarge moisture pressure difference and thermal stress are not easy to occur in the quick drying process of the grains in the main drying layer 26, the grain waist burst rate is low, and the taste value and other quality parameters are high. After the grains are dried by the main drying layer 26, the moisture on the surface is taken away by hot air, and the surface of the grain particles simultaneously absorbs part of heat, so that the temperature is raised. Because of the detection and display of the online grain thermometer and the control of the electric control system, the temperature of the grain surface can be controlled within a safe temperature range, and the drying at medium and low temperature with large wind volume is implemented. After leaving the main drying layer 26, grains are discharged downwards into a grain collecting hopper 16 through a material shifting roller, are conveyed to the base of a grain elevator 18 through a lower conveying device, are lifted and discharged through the elevator, enter an upper conveying device, enter a grain homogenizing plate 20 at the top of the tower for dispersion, enter a tempering layer 40, and form a drying cycle.

Example 5

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, a dryer includes a tempering drying layer and a drying layer, which are arranged to penetrate through the dryer, from top to bottom in the height direction; the tempering drying layer is internally provided with a hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 and a hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2, the hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 is arranged below the hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2 along the height direction, the hot air output horn-shaped pipe 1 is communicated with an air outlet of the circulating fan 3 through a second circulating hot air input air box 34, and the hot air input horn-shaped pipe 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the circulating fan 3 through a second circulating hot air output air box 35. The grain expansion buffer zone 42 is also arranged above the tempering drying layer along the height direction, and the grain expansion buffer zone 42 is communicated with the air inlet box 9 (see fig. 13), or the heat exchanger 31 (see fig. 15, when the heat exchanger is connected, the third hot air branch pipe 43 can be cancelled), or the external heat source 32 (see fig. 16) or the air outlet box 11 (see fig. 14) through a third hot air branch pipe 43. When the grain expansion buffer zone 42 is communicated with the air inlet box 9 or the air outlet box 11 through the third hot air branch pipe 43, a third electric air adjusting door 44 is arranged at the joint. The drying layer is provided with an air inlet pipe 5 and an air supply fan 45 for supplying air to the drying layer and an exhaust fan 6 for exhausting air from the drying layer. The drying layer is divided into middle drying layer 46, middle tempering layer 47 and lower drying layer 48 from top to bottom along direction of height in proper order, sets up air inlet horn shape pipe 7 and air outlet horn shape pipe 8 in middle drying layer 46 and lower drying layer 48, and air inlet horn shape pipe 7 communicates with air-supply line 5 through air-supply line 9, and air outlet horn shape pipe 8 communicates with air exhauster 6 through air-supply line 11.

According to different functions of each drying section, the dryer can be divided into a grain expansion buffer zone 42, an upper drying layer 49, an air flow mixing input layer 24, a heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, a low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22, a damp and hot air drying layer 41, a middle drying layer 46, a middle tempering layer 47 and a lower drying layer 48 from top to bottom.

The grains are lifted by the lifter, conveyed to the top of the tower by the upper grain conveying device, scattered into the upper drying layer 49 by the material homogenizing device, contacted with the low-speed hot air flowing downwards, the heat of the hot air is transferred to the grains, and the moisture on the surfaces of the grains absorbs the heat to raise the temperature and change into water vapor; the heat on the surface of the grain particles is transferred to the inside, and the water inside is transferred to the outside. The grains continuously descend, pass through the air flow mixing input layer 24, sequentially enter the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23 and the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22, the internal and external temperatures of the grains continuously rise within a safety set range, and the water in the grains continuously migrates to the surface. Because the outer surface of the grain particles is exposed to the flow of wet hot air, the rate of moisture removal from the grain surface is relatively slow and controlled. The moisture content of the grain surface is obviously higher than that of the grain just entering the heat preservation and moisture preservation dry layer 23, and the moisture content and the temperature and the humidity in the circulating wet hot air flow reach dynamic balance. This stage mainly causes the internal temperature of the grain to rise, migrating internal moisture outwards. The grains continuously descend and enter the wet hot air drying layer 41 along with the wet hot air flow, and the wind speed is low and the drying speed is low. The grains continue to descend into the intermediate drying layer 46, and the hot air blown from the air inlet horns 7 of the intermediate drying layer 46 passes through the grain layer in various directions of movement to transfer heat to the grains. The moisture on the surface of the grain absorbs heat to raise the temperature, and the moisture turns into water vapor, and the heat absorbed on the surface of the grain continues to raise the temperature. After the hot air emits heat, the hot air takes away water vapor and dust at a medium speed, enters the air outlet horn-shaped pipe 8 of the middle drying layer 46, enters the air outlet box 11 from the air outlet, passes through the exhaust fan 6 and the air outlet pipe, enters the tail air treatment equipment, and is discharged into the atmosphere. The hot air temperature of the layer is higher than that of the upper four layers (the airflow mixing input layer 24, the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22 and the damp and hot air drying layer 41), but the hot air volume of the layer is far larger than that of the upper four layers within a controlled range, and the air speed is much higher. In the intermediate drying zone 46, the grain temperature continues to rise, with moderate loss of dryness. Because the gradient and the pressure difference of the moisture content inside and outside the grains become smaller after the grains pass through the airflow mixing input layer 24, the heat preservation and moisture preservation drying layer 23, the low-temperature damp and hot air output layer 22 and the damp and hot air drying layer 41, the problem that the moisture pressure difference and the thermal stress are too large is not easy to occur in the process of quickly drying the grains in the middle drying layer 46. The grain continues to descend into the intermediate tempering layer 47, heat on the grain surface is transferred to the inside, and water in the inside migrates to the outside, so that the grain is better dried in the lower drying layer to be used as a bedding. The grains continue to descend into the lower drying layer 48, and the hot air blown from the air inlet horns 7 of the lower drying layer 48 passes through the grains layer in various directions of movement to transfer heat to the grains. The moisture on the surface of the grain absorbs heat to raise the temperature, and the moisture turns into water vapor, and the heat absorbed on the surface of the grain continues to raise the temperature. After the hot air emits heat, the hot air takes away water vapor and dust at a medium speed, enters the air outlet horn-shaped pipe 8 of the middle drying layer 46, enters the air outlet box 11 from the air outlet, passes through the exhaust fan 6 and the air outlet pipe, enters the tail air treatment equipment, and is discharged into the atmosphere. In the lower drying layer 48, the grain temperature continues to rise, with moderate rate of loss of dryness. The grains continuously descend to enter the material distributing hopper, are discharged downwards through the material pushing roller discharging device, enter the grain collecting hopper 16, and are sent to the grain lifting machine 18 through the lower conveying device, so that the primary drying process is completed, and the moisture of the grains is reduced by a certain value. And (5) after multiple times of circulating drying, reducing the water content of the grains to a set value, and finishing drying.

At the beginning and end of grain harvesting, it may occur that the harvested grain is not sufficient to fill the dryer. The present application considers the situation in the structure, as long as the grain loading reaches the top of the wet hot air drying layer 41, i.e. covers the middle drying layer 46 and has a certain margin for compensating the shrinkage after grain drying, the electric damper (or the heat source valve of the heat exchanger, or the external hot air source) can be closed, and the hot air drying is conducted. The temperature of the hot air is reduced to a temperature value for drying seeds, the hot air enters an air inlet box 9 through an air inlet pipe 5 and an air supply fan 45, then horizontally enters an air inlet horn-shaped pipe 7 of a middle drying layer 46 and a lower drying layer 48, passes through grain layers in various motion directions, transfers heat to grains, takes away water vapor and dust, enters an air outlet horn-shaped pipe 8 of the middle drying layer 46 and the lower drying layer 48, enters an air outlet box 11 from an air outlet of the air outlet pipe, passes through an exhaust fan 6 and an air outlet pipe, enters tail air treatment equipment, and is discharged into the atmosphere. The grains descend into the material distributing hopper, are discharged downwards through the material pushing roller discharging device, enter the grain collecting hopper 16, and are conveyed into the grain lifting machine 18 through the lower conveying device, so that a drying process is completed, and the moisture of the grains is reduced by a certain value. And (5) after multiple times of circulating drying, reducing the water content of the grains to a set value, and finishing drying.

Example 6

As shown in fig. 17, the difference from embodiment 1 is that a sieve plate 50 is arranged in the drying layer, the sieve plate 50 forms a hot air channel 51, a cold air channel 52 and a grain channel 53 which are alternately arranged in sequence, the hot air channel 51 is communicated with the air inlet box 9, and the cold air channel 52 is communicated with the air outlet box 11.

It should be noted that in the embodiments 2 to 5, the same screen plates may be disposed in the drying layer to form the hot air channel, the cool air channel and the grain channel, so as to replace the air inlet angle-shaped tube and the air outlet angle-shaped tube.

When the grain drying device is used, hot air is fed into the hot air channel 51 through the air inlet box 9, then enters the grain channel 53 through the sieve holes on the sieve plate 50, grains enter the grain channel 53 through the tempering drying layer from top to bottom, are subjected to heat exchange with the hot air, enter the grain collecting hopper 16, the temperature of the hot air is reduced, the hot air enters the cold air channel 52 through the sieve holes on the sieve plate 50, then the hot air is collected through the air outlet box 11, and the hot air is discharged out of the drying machine under the action of the exhaust fan. The gas flows in a cross flow manner in the drying layer and exchanges heat.

In a preferred embodiment, in order to prevent the grain from accumulating on the top of the sieve plate 50 when it enters the grain passage 53, the top end of the sieve plate 50 is provided with a rim guide chute 54 and a middle guide angle-shaped chute 55, and the rim guide chute 54 and the middle guide angle-shaped chute 55 are provided with air outlets. This arrangement also contributes to an increase in heat exchange area. In an alternative embodiment, the lower grain chute 17 can be replaced by another conveying device 56, such as a feeding auger.

example 7

As shown in fig. 18, another alternative embodiment is different from embodiment 6 in the arrangement of the hot air passage 51, the cool air passage 52 and the grain passage 53 and the number of layers of the inlet and outlet horns 7 and 8. In the drying layer, a hot air channel 51 is arranged on the outermost side, and a grain channel 53, a cold air channel 52 and the hot air channel 51 are alternately arranged in sequence in the middle.

This application is through improving the tempering layer, becomes heat preservation tempering process of moisturizing with original low temperature cooling tempering process. Under the relatively high temperature, the speed of the moisture in the grains migrating to the surface is improved, the tempering time is shortened, the drying efficiency is improved, the moisture migration channel in the grains is not damaged, and the rise of the cracking rate is avoided. In each drying tempering cycle, the heat preservation and moisture preservation tempering is adopted, the temperature in the grains is increased quickly, the tempering efficiency is improved, and the tempering time is reduced to about one fourth to one half of the whole period. With multi-layer drying, the drying time is extended to about one-half to three-quarters of the total cycle. In a longer drying time, the low-temperature drying with larger air volume and medium and lower air speed is adopted, the evaporation speed of the moisture on the surface of the grains is reduced, the speed of the moisture in the grains migrating to the surface is close to the speed of the moisture in the grains, the gradient and the pressure difference of the moisture inside and outside the grains are reduced, the internal stress of the grains is reduced, the increment value of the popping rate and the crack rate are reduced, the germination rate is not reduced, and the quality parameters such as taste value, appearance, processability and the like are better. The drying machine provided by the application can also be used for drying seeds, the germination rate is not reduced, and the drying rate reaches 0.9% -1.3%.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A dryer, comprising:

2. The drying machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein an air inlet horn-shaped pipe and an air outlet horn-shaped pipe are arranged in the drying layer, the air inlet horn-shaped pipe is communicated with the air inlet pipe through an air inlet box, and the air outlet horn-shaped pipe is communicated with the exhaust fan through an air outlet box; or,

3. The drying machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hot air output horn is disposed above the hot air input horn, the hot air output horn communicating with the air outlet of the circulation fan through a first circulating hot air input bellows, the hot air input horn communicating with the air inlet of the circulation fan through a first circulating hot air output bellows.

4. The drying machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first circulating hot air output wind box is communicated with the air inlet box or the air outlet box through a first hot air branch pipe, and a first electric air damper for controlling the amount of hot air is arranged at the joint of the air inlet box or the air outlet box and the first hot air branch pipe.

5. the dryer of claim 3 wherein the end of said hot air input horns remote from said first circulating hot air output windbox is in communication with a heat exchanger or an external heat source through an auxiliary hot air input windbox.

6. The drying machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hot air output horn is disposed below the hot air input horn, the hot air output horn communicating with the air outlet of the circulation fan through a second circulating hot air input blower, the hot air input horn communicating with the air inlet of the circulation fan through a second circulating hot air output blower.

7. the dryer of claim 6 further comprising a heat exchanger or an external heat source, wherein an end of said hot air input horn remote from said second circulating hot air output windbox is in communication with said air inlet box, said heat exchanger, said external heat source or said air outlet box via a second auxiliary hot air input windbox; the second circulating hot air output air box is communicated with the air inlet box or the air outlet box through a second hot air branch pipe, and a second electric air adjusting door used for controlling the hot air quantity is arranged at the joint of the air inlet box or the air outlet box and the second hot air branch pipe.

8. The drying machine as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a heat exchanger or an external heat source, wherein a grain expansion buffer zone is further disposed above the tempering drying layer, and the grain expansion buffer zone is communicated with the air inlet box, the heat exchanger, the external heat source or the air outlet box through a third hot air branch pipe.

9. The drying machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the drying layer is sequentially divided into a middle drying layer, a middle tempering layer and a lower drying layer from top to bottom, and the air inlet angle-shaped tube and the air outlet angle-shaped tube are located in the middle drying layer and the lower drying layer.

10. The dryer of any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprising a grain collection hopper, a lower grain chute, a grain elevator, an upper grain chute, and a grain homogenizing tray; the grain collecting hopper is arranged below the drying layer and is communicated with the lower end of the grain elevator through the lower grain chute; the feeding end of the upper grain chute is communicated with the upper end of the grain lifter; the grain homogenizing plate is arranged at the discharge end of the grain chute and used for uniformly distributing grains in the tempering drying layer.