CN209252893U - The vehicle-mounted detection of one kind and interfering system and vehicle-mounted detecting system - Google Patents
The vehicle-mounted detection of one kind and interfering system and vehicle-mounted detecting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN209252893U CN209252893U CN201821584138.0U CN201821584138U CN209252893U CN 209252893 U CN209252893 U CN 209252893U CN 201821584138 U CN201821584138 U CN 201821584138U CN 209252893 U CN209252893 U CN 209252893U
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Abstract
Provide a kind of vehicle-mounted detecting system and vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system.Vehicle-mounted detecting system includes: one or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer；One or more respiration transducers are used to detect the breathing pattern of driver；Accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration signal of vehicle；Battery is used for as one or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more respiration transducers and accelerometer power supply；And conducting connecting part, it is used to one or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more respiration transducers and accelerometer being connected to microcontroller；Wherein, vehicle-mounted detecting system is integrated or is attached to the safety belt of vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to vehicle-mounted monitoring and interfering systems, and relate more specifically to through adaptive motion artifact
It eliminates to detect the physiological signal of the driver to use of seat belts, with system and method determination sleepy state and intervened.
Background technique
Vehicle design and manufacture be it is mature, it is built erect perfect guide and standard with ensure vehicle safety and
It is indefectible.However, the sleepy or fatigue state of driver causes so many accident and injures and deaths, this is that the intensity of vehicle can not
It avoids.The generation of car accident in order to prevent needs to take more preemptive measures, to find not pay attention to early or dusk
Confused sleepy driving situation.
" U.S.'s sleep " investigation carried out according to American National sleep foundation (NSF), there are about 60% adult drivers to hold
Recognize when they feel drowsy in the previous year and drive vehicle, this can indicate that up to 1.68 hundred million U.S. drivers have this experience.
2014, National Highway Traffic safety management bureau (NHTSA) determined 846 death relevant to drowsy driving
Accident.This may be the fatigue due to driver, the influence of drug or alcohol and other unexpected medical conditions, such as
It has a heart attack, caused by apoplexy etc..These dangerous situations are some main originals of the road accident of the U.S. and other countries
Cause constitutes material risk and danger to driver, other passengers, the holder of neighbouring vehicle and pedestrian.
In view of problems set forth above, so far using or propose various monitoring measures and determine driver's
Attention.Conventional method uses " steering pattern (steering pattern) " and " steering torque (steering torque) "
To keep the state of mind of behavioural analysis driver by detection steering pattern and lane.However, the geometrical characteristic of road, weather
Condition and condition of road surface may will affect steering angle and reduce the accuracy of system.Another method is the side based on image
Method captures head pose, facial expression or the eye motion of driver, to determine whether driver is awake or drowsy.
But accuracy may also be influenced by artifact (for example, driver wears sunglasses or driver is poker-faced).
In some other applications, heartbeat sensor is embedded into the stress level that driver is measured in automotive seat.
In general, automotive seat can monitor the heart of driver by multiple sensors of the electric pulse of the detection heart in backrest surface
It jumps.The system initiatively monitor heart rate and when driver may fall asleep alarm in driving.But sensor is embedded in automobile
Seat will increase the complexity of installation and repairing.In most cases, this system can only be embedded in when manufacturing automobile, not
This system can be added in existing automobile.The flexibility of the system is also restrained, may be not suitable for all types of vehicles
?.
Therefore, this field needs vehicle-mounted monitoring and the interfering system of a kind of the shortcomings that overcoming prior art systems, to driving
The sleepy state for the person of sailing accurately is measured, and makes quick response when driver is in sleepy state to execute and intervene simultaneously
Alert driver.
Utility model content
The exemplary embodiment of the disclosure provides a kind of vehicle-mounted detecting system, and the vehicle-mounted detecting system includes:
One or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer；
One or more respiration transducers are used to detect the breathing pattern of driver；
Accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration signal of vehicle；
Battery is used for as one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more of
Respiration transducer and accelerometer power supply；And
Conducting connecting part is used for one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one
Or multiple respiration transducers and the accelerometer are connected to microcontroller；
Wherein, the vehicle-mounted detecting system is integrated or is attached to the safety belt of vehicle.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detecting system further include using the vehicle-mounted detecting system as point
Vertical hardware device is attached to the clip of the safety belt of the vehicle.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer are along institute
It states safety belt and is spaced each other preset distance.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, one or more of respiration transducers are for measuring exhaling for the driver
Suction mode.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, using conductive fabric by one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or
Pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers and the accelerometer are connected to microcontroller.
It, will be one or more using electric wire, electronic textile or copper nylon fabric according to the other aspect of the disclosure
A electrocardiography transducer and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers and the accelerometer are connected to micro-
Controller.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the pulse transducer is placed in driver's wrist and by wired or wireless
Mode be connected to microcontroller.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detecting system is placed on the safety belt for being close to abdomen.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the clip attachment in the bottom of the vehicle-mounted detecting system, so as to
The vehicle-mounted detecting system is strongly attached on the safety belt and enables the vehicle-mounted detecting system along safety
Band is free to travel to closer to the position of driver's heart.And the setting can also be made according to the body type and needs of different people
Adjustment.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detecting system further includes port, is battery by the port
Charging and/or transmission data.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, wirelessly charge to the battery of the vehicle-mounted detecting system.
The exemplary embodiment of the disclosure additionally provides a kind of vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system, the vehicle-mounted detection and intervention
System is arranged on safety belt, and the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system include:
One or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer；
One or more respiration transducers；
Selected from the group being made of traffic filter, sef-adapting filter and finite impulse response filter one or
Multiple filters；
Feature extractor, the feature extractor include at least:
Heart rate interphase device, the heart rate interphase device extract heart rate interphase according to the ECG signal from filter；
The ECG signal of Time Domain Analyzer, the Time Domain Analyzer one or more filters based on the received obtains one
A or multiple heart rate variability parameters；
Frequency-domain analyser, the frequency-domain analyser execute frequency-domain analysis to heart rate interphase to obtain at least two frequency bands
The counting of the quantity of normal sinus heartbeat interphase；And
Comparator, the counting of the quantity of the normal sinus heartbeat interphase at comparator at least two frequency band
Between ratio；And
Drowsiness detection device, the drowsiness detection device is by the ratio that the comparator obtains and the threshold value phase stored in memory
Compare, and considers the correlation of breath signal and sleepy breath signal to obtain probability warning function, according to the probability
Property warning function the ratio be greater than threshold value when send warning.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system further include one or more acceleration
Meter；With intervention device.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the intervention device further includes for sending interior warning or smart phone warning
Transmission module.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer are along institute
It states safety belt and is spaced each other preset distance.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, one or more of respiration transducers are for measuring exhaling for the driver
Suction mode, and it is applied to drowsiness detection device.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system further include being used for the vehicle-mounted detection
The clip of the safety belt of the vehicle is attached to as discrete hardware device with interfering system.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system are integrated into the safety belt of the vehicle
In.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, using conductive fabric by one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or
Pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers, one or more of filters, feature extractor and sleepy inspection
Device is surveyed to be connected.
It, will be one or more using electric wire, electronic textile or copper nylon fabric according to the other aspect of the disclosure
A electrocardiography transducer and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers, one or more of filters,
Feature extractor and drowsiness detection device are connected.
According to the other aspect of the disclosure, the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system further include normalizer, the normalizing
Change device to normalize the counting of the quantity of the normal sinus heartbeat interphase at least high frequency band and low-frequency band.
Attached drawing and it is described in detail below in elaborate the disclosure one or more embodiments details.Pass through explanation
Book and attached drawing and claims, other features, structure, the characteristics and advantages of the disclosure will be evident.
Detailed description of the invention
In the accompanying drawings, identical appended drawing reference indicates identical or functionally similar element, and attached drawing in various figures
Specification is collectively incorporated into following detailed description and forms part of specification, and attached drawing is for illustrating each embodiment and root
Various principle and advantages are explained according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure for summarily showing vehicle-mounted monitoring and interfering system according to some embodiments of the disclosure
Block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the filtering system of some embodiments for the system according to disclosed in Fig. 1 that shows.
Fig. 3 is to show the method whether sleepy according to the driver of some embodiments of the disclosure being used to detect in vehicle
Flow chart.
Fig. 4 be some embodiments for the system according to disclosed in Fig. 1 that shows for after noise filtering from ECG signal
The flow chart of the middle method for extracting feature.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view according to the vehicle-mounted monitoring and tampering devic of some embodiments of the disclosure being integrated into safety belt
Figure.
Fig. 6 is according to some embodiments of the disclosure as the vehicle-mounted of the discrete hardware equipment that can be attached to safety belt
The top view of monitoring and interfering system.
Fig. 7 is the side view of the equipment of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the relationship between the probability warning function and LF/HF ratio shown according to some embodiments of the disclosure
Chart.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the vehicle-mounted monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure realized in hardware.
It would be recognized by those skilled in the art that the element in the element in attached drawing, especially concept map, be in order to simple and
Understand and show, is not necessarily drawn to scale.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below to be substantially only exemplary, it is not intended to limit the disclosure or its application and/or purposes.
It will be appreciated that there is a large amount of variation.Detailed description will enable those of ordinary skill in the art without excessive experiment
In the case where implement the disclosure exemplary embodiment, and should be understood that illustrated in without departing substantially from such as appended claims
The scope of the present disclosure in the case where, can be to the function and arrangement of the method and steps of operation described in exemplary embodiment
Middle progress various changes or modification.
This disclosure relates to a kind of vehicle-mounted monitoring and interfering system.It has been used in specification and appended book following
Term.As used herein term " vehicle " includes but is not limited to automobile, bus, truck, train, cable car, steamer, wheel
It crosses, ship, aircraft, helicopter etc..Therefore, as used herein " driver " may include captain, pilot etc..
As used herein term " electrocardiogram " or " ECG " refer to be examined using the electrode being placed near driver's heart
The program or equipment of the dirty electrical activity of thought-read, but preferably without the direct skin contact with driver.
As used herein term " pulse transducer " refers to using the position for being placed on the pulse that can measure driver
The program or equipment for sentencing monitoring pulse are set, can be the electrode near heart to detect heart pulse rate, but preferably not
The direct skin contact with driver is needed, or can be the wearable device positioned at wrist.
Between the time of Autonomic nervous system activity that as used herein term " heart rate variability " or " HRV " are heart
Every the physiological phenomenon of variation.By extracting RR interphase from ECG signal and/or pulse signal and carrying out power spectrumanalysis to it,
ECG signal and/or pulse signal can be divided into one or more HRV parameters, including high frequency (HF) index, low frequency (LF) index
With very low frequency (VLF) index.It unless otherwise indicated or points out, the range of HF is from 0.15Hz to the 0.4Hz of RR interphase, the model of LF
Enclosing is from 0.04Hz to the 0.15Hz of RR interphase, and the range of VLF is 0.003Hz to the 0.04Hz from RR interphase.As herein
Used term " LF-HF ratio " indicates the measured value of sympathetic vagus nerve balance.
As used herein term " microcontroller " or " MCU " include central processing unit, microprocessor, micro- calculating
Machine, single-chip computer, cloud computing system, integrated circuit etc., and include above system.
" smart phone " includes any mobile device as used herein, the term, for example, mobile phone, plate are electric
Brain, flat board mobile phone, smartwatch are communicated with the application program that can run programming and with this vehicle mounted surveillance and interfering system
Relevant operation system (IOS, Android etc.) other portable devices.
As used herein term " application program " is the abbreviation of term " application software ", and expression can be in intelligence
The software program run on energy mobile phone, is designed to by itself, in conjunction with another software application, and/or as another
The supplement of one software application executes particular task or function.
It should be understood that in the whole instruction and claim of this paper, when description element " coupling " or " connection "
When to another element, element can " be directly coupled " or " directly connected " to other elements or by third element " coupling " or
It ' attach ' to another element.On the contrary, it will be appreciated that when description element " is directly coupled " or " directly connected " to another element
When, intermediary element is not present.Connection between element can be physical connection, logical connection, electrical connection or any combination thereof.
Whether part A is briefly introduced sleepy for the driver in multiple bio-signal acquisition vehicles based on driver
Method and vehicle mounted surveillance and interfering system overall structure.Part B describes the filtering for inhibiting noise and reducing motion artifacts
System.C portion further illustrates the sleepy state for how determining driver.D partial interpretation for execute vehicle-mounted monitoring and
The structure of the equipment of intervention.
A. the overall structure of vehicle mounted surveillance and interfering system
Broadly, the vehicle-mounted monitoring that present disclose provides a kind of for determining the sleepy state of the driver in vehicle and dry
Preheater system, the system include one or more ECG sensors 210 and/or pulse transducer, one or more respiration transducers
220, three axis accelerometer 230, the filtering system 300 including one or more filters, characteristic extracting module 410, sleepy inspection
Survey module 420, training module 430 and intervention module 510.Term " sensor " is for generally and jointly indicating ECG sensing
Device 210 and/or pulse transducer, respiration transducer 220 and acceleration transducer 230.Term " filter " for generally and
Jointly indicate traffic filter 311,312, sef-adapting filter 331,332 and finite impulse response (FIR) (FIR) filter 341,
342.In certain embodiments, filtering system 300 include for inhibit noise and eliminate vehicle, driver or both movement fortune
One or more filters of dynamic artifact.
When people is when driving vehicle, it is important that people's closing of safety belt 510.Safety belt 510 is designed to occur in vehicle
Reduce the impact force to driver when colliding or bringing to a halt.Therefore, safety belt 510 can prevent death or injury in accident.
Since safety belt 510 is unique object with driver's direct physical contact always, in addition in generation accident
Except conventional lifesaving purpose, it can be also used for more prophylactic functions.Therefore, present disclose provides one kind by utilizing safety
The breathing pattern 120 (S220) of heartbeat 110 (S210) and driver with the sensor measurement driver on 510 drives to determine
The state of mind of member and the method that driver is intervened or is alerted before any danger occurs.The system is designed to supervise
Heart rate measuring is simultaneously sounded an alarm when driver may fall asleep in driving.In addition, motion sensor is (for example, three axis accelerometer
230) it is also integrated into safety belt 510 and measures vehicle movement 130 (S230), appointed as caused by motion artifacts with substantially reducing
Why not accuracy.
Referring now to Figure 1, it illustrates according to the vehicle-mounted monitoring of some embodiments of the disclosure and the totality of interfering system
The block diagram of structure.Multiple physiological signals of the driver in sensor detected vehicle in system.In the disclosure, physiological signal
Indicate heartbeat 110 and the breathing pattern 120 of driver.Therefore, vehicle-mounted monitoring and interfering system can be scheduled tired based on utilizing
Tired detection algorithm determines the state of mind of driver to the measurement of heartbeat 110 and breathing pattern 120.Although in the present embodiment
Using ECG signal as one of measuring signal, but the state of mind of driver can also be determined using the measurement of pulse signal.
One or more ECG sensors and/or pulse transducer are developed, ECG sensor includes by using non-
Contact sensing electrode monitors contactless electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor 210 of heart, which passes through
Clothes and the skin for being not directly contacted with driver.In certain embodiments, the ECG sensor and/or pulse transducer include electricity
Pole sensor or optical sensor.In some embodiments of the disclosure, two or more ECG sensors 210 are placed on
The heartbeat 110 (S210) of driver is measured on safety belt 510, to obtain the continuous and periodic measured value of ECG signal h (t)；
Two or more pulse transducers can also be placed on on safety belt 510 or are located at as wearable device the hand of driver
At wrist, to measure the pulse of driver, the continuous and periodic measured value of pulse signal is obtained.By one or more sensors
It is disposed close at each position of driver's heart at a predetermined interval, to improve the quality of the measured value of acquisition.In order to improve
The QRS complex of the ECG signal h (t) of acquisition, ECG sensor are spaced each other the distance setting of at least 10cm along safety belt.
Respiration transducer 220 can measure the air-breathing and expiration of driver.In order to generally monitor the physiology letter of driver
Number purpose, air-flow is measured using nose sensor and oral sensor or air quantity is possible but not practical.In the disclosure,
One or more respiration transducers 220 are placed on safety belt to capture body kinematics in air-breathing and during exhaling.Each biography
Sensor can be the abdominal respiration motion tracker in the region of the chest or abdomen that are disposed close to driver, so that can be with
The breathing pattern 120 of driver is continuously monitored with constant sample rate.In one embodiment, constant sample rate is sampling per second
128.This provides breath signal r (t) with for further analysis to its.Respiratory characteristic includes the waveform of breath signal, width
Value, frequency, air-breathing and expiration slope etc..
Three axis accelerometer 230 measures vehicle movement 130 and tracking acceleration signal a (t), to improve the ECG letter of acquisition
The precision of number h (t) and the breath signal r (t) of acquisition.It can also be used for pulse signal in the presence of pulse signal.
This can substantially reduce the motion artifacts that may be changed by the movement of vehicle or speed and be generated.In certain embodiments, this public affairs
Open that (including 3 axis gyro sensors, angular position pick up, digital angle sensor, 1- axis add using other motion detection devices
Speedometer, 2- axis accelerometer, 4- axis accelerometer, 5- axis accelerometer, 6- axis accelerometer etc.) or other vehicles prison
Examining system (including vehicular speeds monitoring system, metrograph, uses equipment of global positioning system (GPS) etc.), to acquire
Acceleration signal a (t).
In order to realize the accurate measurement to ECG signal h (t) and breath signal r (t), noise filtering S310 is indispensable
's.It can also be in the presence of pulse signal to pulse signal noise filtering.The disclosure is inhibited using filtering system 300
Noise simultaneously executes the elimination of adaptive motion pseudomorphism.Filtering system 300 includes from by traffic filter 311,312, adaptive-filtering
The one or more filters selected in the group that device 331,332 and FIR filter 341,342 form.In certain embodiments, it filters
Wave system system 300 and filter therein can be discrete assembly, or by micro controller unit (MCU), customization integrated circuit, existing
Field programmable gate array (FPGA), other semiconductor devices above-mentioned any appropriately combined are realized.
As shown in Fig. 2, which depict the block diagrams for showing filtering system 300.Traffic filter 311 is used for the ECG to input
Signal h (t) executes first order noise filtering, and another traffic filter 312 is for holding the breath signal r (t) of input
Row second level noise filtering.Two traffic filters 311,312 can be filtered by using the notch filter of 50/60Hz, band resistance
Wave device or bandpass filter are realized to select the frequency range to be extracted.Traffic filter 311,312 be able to suppress it is higher or
Other more low-frequency noise signals or harmonic wave.According to the actual conditions in respective application it is adjustable or adjustment centre frequency,
And adjustable or adjustment bandwidth.In certain embodiments, for the traffic filter of ECG signal 311 in order to obtain h (t)
Extension with 0.5Hz to 40Hz.Traffic filter 312 for breath signal has 0.1Hz or 10Hz to obtain r (t)
Extension.Without departing substantially from the scope of the utility model or spirit, other frequencies are can be used in traffic filter 311,312
Rate range.
Since heart rate variability (HRV) is especially sensitive to artifact, so artifact will be in the sleepy state for determining driver
Lead to gross mistake.It is critically important for eliminating unwanted element related with vehicle movement in ECG.Similarly, it is used for noise
The same filtering system eliminated can be used for breath signal to improve signal quality.In the disclosure, sef-adapting filter 331
Combination with FIR filter 341 is for substantially reducing motion artifacts or other electricity physiological signals on ECG signal h (t).Its
Pulse signal can be used in the presence of pulse signal.Acceleration signal a (t) is related to motion artifacts and for mending
Repay the movement of vehicle.Similarly, the combination of sef-adapting filter 332 and FIR filter 342 is for substantially reducing breath signal r
(t) motion artifacts or other electricity physiological signals on.By filtered ECG signal eh (t) and filtered breath signal er (t)
It is sent to characteristic extracting module 410 and drowsiness detection module 420, and (it is also possible to pass through in characteristic extracting module 410
The feature extractor 410 that hardware device is realized or the characteristic extracting circuit that can be realized by circuit element) and drowsiness detection
(it is also possible to the drowsiness detection device 420 that can be realized by hardware device or can be realized by circuit element module 420
Drowsiness detection circuit) extracted using the filtered ECG signal eh (t) and filtered breath signal er (t) one or
Multiple HRV parameters and the sleepy state for determining driver.Feature extractor 410 or characteristic extracting circuit and drowsiness detection device
420 or drowsiness detection circuit it is as shown in Figure 9.
Referring now again to Fig. 1, characteristic extracting module 410 is sent by filtered ECG signal eh (t) and is mentioned by feature
Modulus block 410 is handled it to extract RR interphase (S411) from filtered ECG signal and execute power to RR interphase
Spectrum analysis is to extract one or more HRV parameter (S410) from filtered ECG signal, preferably in both time domain and frequency domain
It is middle to carry out above-mentioned processing.It can also be used for pulse signal in the presence of pulse signal.Specifically, HRV parameter packet
It includes and selects from the group being made of high frequency (HF) index (S412), low frequency (LF) index (S413) and very low frequency (VLF) index
One or more parameters.In some embodiments it is possible to other parameters and index (S414) be extracted, for example, whole normal sinus
The standard deviation (SDNN) of phase index, the root sum square (RMSSD) of the mean square deviation of adjacent NN interphase, adjacent NN between heartbeat (NN)
Heartbeat number (NN50) of the difference greater than 50ms of adjacent NN interphase in the standard deviation (SDSD) of the difference of interphase, entire record,
NN50 number account for NN interphase sum percentage (PNN50) or any suitable combination above-mentioned.Drowsiness detection module 420 uses
These HRV parameters and filtered breath signal er (t) carry out the subsequent state of mind and determine.
The state of mind determines that S420 refers to that by using the analysis of scheduled drowsiness detection algorithm include HRV parameter and breathing letter
Number multiple physiological signals identify the consciousness or sleepy state of driver.It discusses in the C portion of the disclosure for determining
The method of the sleepy state of driver.
In certain embodiments, vehicle-mounted monitoring and interfering system may include for storing and the specific driving of tracking measurement
The training module 430 of the trend of the physiological signal of member.Training module 430 includes one or more memory components.Storage element
Part stores the threshold value of one or more HRV parameter, the threshold value of the amplitude of breath signal and driver in memory cell array
Breath signal frequency threshold value.In certain embodiments, memory cell can be such as non-transitory memory part
Device readable storage medium storing program for executing.Memory cell can be such as digital storage, magnetic storage medium, optical readable stored digital and be situated between
Matter, semiconductor devices or any suitable combination above-mentioned.Store the more specific example of equipment include the following: portable computing
Machine disk, hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM (EPROM
Or flash memory), portable optic disk read-only storage (CD-ROM), light storage device, magnetic storage apparatus or any appropriate group above-mentioned
It closes.The one or more processors are based on filtered ECG signal eh (t) and filtered breath signal er (t) calculates one
Or the threshold of the frequency of the threshold values of multiple HRV parameters, the threshold value of the amplitude of the breath signal of driver and the breath signal of driver
Value.
When determining the driver drowsiness in vehicle, intervention module 510 or intervention device 510 connect from drowsiness detection module 420
The collection of letters number.Intervention S510 is carried out by sending alarm signal, it is preferable that sends the instrument board in vehicle 610 for alarm signal
Or alarm signal is sent to by bluetooth or other wireless communication techniques the smart phone 620 of connection, driver can be alerted
It is dangerous, and attempt to wake up driver from sleepy state.
In certain embodiments, to filtered ECG signal eh (t) (in other embodiments, it can be filtered arteries and veins
Fight signal) and filtered breath signal er (t) carry out digitized processing and smart phone be transferred to extract by transmission module
HRV parameter (S410) determines sleepy state (S420) and sends alarm signal and intervened (S510).Application in smart phone
Program is designed to through characteristic extracting module 410 in the application program, drowsiness detection module 420, training module 430 and dry
The signal that pre- module 510 receives safety belt or discrete hardware equipment is sent.The application program can determine sleepy state and lead to
The transmission module crossed in intervention module 510 issues interior warning 610 or smart phone alerts 620 (S510).
It in some alternative embodiments, can be by characteristic extracting module 410, drowsiness detection module 420, training module 430
It is integrated with intervention module 510 and be included in micro controller unit (MCU), customization integrated circuit, digital signal processor (DSP),
Field programmable gate array (FPGA), specific integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable I/O equipment, other semiconductor equipments or aforementioned
Equipment it is any appropriately combined.The equipment can determine sleepy state and issue vehicle by the transmission module in intervention module 510
Interior warning 610 or smart phone alert 620 (S510).
B. for inhibiting noise and reducing the filtering system of motion artifacts
Fig. 2 shows the structures of filtering system 300.The purpose of filtering system 300 be inhibit noise and eliminate due to vehicle,
Motion artifacts caused by the movement of driver or both.By examining the motion artifacts as caused by vehicle movement, we
It assume that the movement of driver can trigger three axis accelerometer 230, provide equation (1):
Y (t)=wx(k)·ax(t)+wy(k)·ay(t)+wz(k)·az(t) (2)
According to equation (2), y (t) is the signal exported from FIR filter 341,342, and when the signal filtered is
When ECG signal, it is denoted as yh (t), when the signal filtered is breath signal, is denoted as yr (t).In other realities
It applies in example, can be calculated as follows using filtered pulse signal.Since acceleration signal a (t) is related to motion artifacts,
So we can derive the weight [w of heartbeat and breathing respectivelyx(k)wy(k)wz(k)], wherein w-It (k) is 1 × Metzler matrix, because
This:
H (t)-yh (t)=eh (t) (3)
R (t)-yr (t)=er (t) (4)
Eh (t) and er (t) is the ECG signal and breath signal of relative clean.
As used herein sef-adapting filter 331,332 can by lowest mean square (LMS) sef-adapting filter, pass
Return in least square (RLS) sef-adapting filter or the adaptive glug of gradient-lattice (GALL) filter realizes.
B1.LMS sef-adapting filter
By using LMS sef-adapting filter, the difference between desired signal and practical measurement signals is best for determining
Filter coefficient.In order to obtain clean ECG signal, we must use equation (5) to minimize cost function J (t):
By applying stochastic gradient descent method, our available EQN (6):
By withProportional amount is from wmContinue to wm+1, our available equatioies (7):
wm+1=wm+μe(t)a(t-k) (7)
In formula:
μ is about 0.1 to 0.0001 arbitrary value；
M is to be related to the index of filter element；And
J indicates the cost function of desired signal and the measures of dispersion of y.
B2.RLS sef-adapting filter
Using RLS sef-adapting filter alternative can by recursively find can make with ECG signal h (t) and
Breath signal r (t) the relevant the smallest coefficient of weighted linear least square cost function provides similar effect, it is believed that ECG
Signal h (t) and breath signal R (t) both of which are determining.
R-1(t)=λ-1[R-1(t-1)-k(t)aT(t)R-1(t-1)] (11)
Therefore, filter coefficient can derive are as follows:
B (t)=b (t-1)+k (t) ε (t) (12)
In formula:
B (t) is filter coefficient；
λ is forgetting factor；
A (t) is input noise signal；
ε (t) is error filtering signal.
B3.GALL filter
The case where for using GALL filter, can apply the Fig. 4 of bibliography [1] shown and bibliography [2]
The structure of routine GALL filter disclosed in Table I.GALL filter can effectively reduce the correction of motion artefacts component of breath signal,
Improve signal quality.
In one embodiment, GALL filter is for being filtered ECG signal.
C. the sleepy state of driver is determined
In order to determine the sleepy state of driver, characteristic extracting module 410 is programmed to or feature extractor is set
To extract RR interphase (S411) from filtered ECG signal eh (t), and time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are executed to extract one
A or multiple HRV parameters (S410).In typical ECG signal, there is the useful letter for carrying driver's state of mind for identification
The different mode of breath, including P wave, QRS complex, T wave and U wave.In order to obtain accurate measurement result, the mode of ECG signal is known
It is especially unimportant.Heart rate interphase device 910 or the heart in characteristic extracting module 410 or feature extractor 410 or characteristic extracting circuit
Rate interphase circuit 910 extracts heart rate interphase according to the ECG signal from filter, can be first by utilizing nonlinear method
ECG signal (or pulse signal) is analyzed to obtain RR interphase, wherein be based on two continuous peaks R of ECG signal (or pulse signal)
The time interval of value calculates to calculate RR interphase.
Time Domain Analyzer 920 or time domain by executing time-domain analysis, in characteristic extracting module 410 or feature extractor
Analyze circuit 920 can the ECG signals of one or more filters based on the received obtain one or more HRV parameter or optional
Ground obtains other indexs (S414), including SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD, NN50 and PNN50.SDNN is in a short time (usually 5
Minute) calculate average NN interphase standard deviation.RMSSD be between adjacent NN by difference square average value square root.
SD is the standard deviation by difference between adjacent NN.NN50 is continuous NN pairs of the number that difference is greater than 50ms.PNN50 is that NN50 is accounted for
The percentage of NN sum.
By executing frequency-domain analysis to RR interphase, the frequency-domain analyser in characteristic extracting module 410 or feature extractor
930 or frequency-domain analysis circuit 930 can obtain the NN interphase at each frequency band (generally including HF, LF and VLF) quantity meter
Number, normalizer 940 or normalization circuit 940 in feature extractor by least HF frequency band, LF frequency band and VLF frequency band extremely
The counting normalization of the quantity of normal sinus heartbeat interphase at two few, drives to reinforce drowsiness detection device and apply in different
The adaptability for the person of sailing.So as to obtain normalization high frequency (nHF), normalization low frequency (nLF) and feature extractor as the following formula
In comparator 950 or comparison circuit 950 compare the normal sinus heartbeat interphase at least two frequency bands quantity counting it
Between ratio, obtain LF and HF ratio (LF/HF):
NHF=HF/ (TP-VLF) * 100 (13)
NLF=LF/ (TP-VLF) * 100 (14)
HF%=100*HF/ (LF+HF) (16)
LF/HF and HF% is the principal element of the sleepy state of determining driver, this is because working as driver from awake shape
It, can significant changes when state enters sleep cycle.If driver does not have enough sleeps, such as the sleeping time in previous evening
Less than 4 hours, then compared with the HF% of abundance sleep, the corresponding HF% value of driver may be significantly higher.Therefore, can make
Infer whether driver has the sufficient multiple threshold values slept for identification with LF and HF index.In certain embodiments,
HF% is used in particular for whether having enough sleeps to classify a people.
However, all HRV indexs may be dramatically different for different drivers.Including age, gender, weight ratio
(BMI) and the factors such as driver racial group may will affect all HRV indexs.In view of the widely varied of all HRV indexes, adopt
It is that each driver determines specific threshold based on training data with the classification for individual factor.
Advantageously, the disclosure is determined each HRV parameter of each driver using the distribution of scheduled test group and exhaled
Inhale the normal distribution of parameter.LF/HF due to finding out male driver is more significant than female driver high, and the year of driver
Age and LF/HF have inverse relationship.Therefore, can be classified by being characterized to variation.The probabilistic model of acquisition and/
Or threshold value can provide the range of the typical case of one group of specific driver, and assume that the individual driver in the group follows just
State distribution.In addition, training module 430 can carry out intense adjustment to distribution with anti-by determining probabilistic model and/or threshold value
Individual biometric situation is reflected, to further increase accuracy.
In certain embodiments, training module 430 stores the mode of various biological parameters, for example, HF index, LF index,
LF/HF and other respiration parameters under different sleepy states, wherein LF/HF is the most heavy of the sleepy state of determining driver
The parameter wanted.Training module identifies sleepy state belonging to driver and is associated with biological characteristic parameter, especially initially records
HRV index.The sleepy state of driver will be used to activate warning function based on sleepy shape probability of state, i.e., probability police
Accuse function.
Drowsiness detection module 420 or drowsiness detection device 420 or drowsiness detection circuit analysis driving from training module 430
Relationship between the sleepy state for the person of sailing and the HRV parameter of measurement and the respiration parameter of measurement.In one embodiment, sleepy inspection
The threshold value that the ratio that comparator can be obtained by surveying device stores in memory compares, and sends when the ratio is greater than threshold value
Warning.It is compared to determine LF/HF situation by the LF/HF for concentrating the LF/HF of measurement and training data as shown in Figure 8.
When probability warning function is 1, it is contemplated that driver can be in drowsy state, and it is necessary to alert driver.One
In a embodiment, there are scheduled threshold value, such as 0.7, which be can store in training module/training aids 430,
So that when probability warning function is equal to or more than the threshold value, drowsiness detection device 420 or drowsiness detection circuit drive warning
Member.In this approach, when compared with the data in training module 430, LF/HF is for indicating that driver is in the sleepy stage
A possibility that have it is much.Determine whether to alert according to the probability warning function obtained from training module 430.
On the other hand, the correlation r based on breath signal with sleepy breath signalxyIt determines breath state, calculates breathing
Situation is to infer probability warning function.Probability warning function curve parameter shown in equation (17) forms:
In formula:
X is intrinsic respiratory signal data collection；
Y is the breath data of new record.
From the parameter of resulting breath signal, compared with the data in training module 430, with the probability warning letter of acquisition
Number is to determine whether to alert.
In certain embodiments, drowsiness detection module will use machine learning algorithm, judge to drive according to the parameter of input
Whether member is in sleepy state.And the input parameter of machine learning model is the physiological parameter and data of driver as described above
The parameter of training module acquistion is passed through in collection.Machine learning model includes the supervised such as deep learning learning model or algorithm.
In order to improve the performance of drowsiness detection, network can be passed through from tool by mobile applications using big data analysis
There is the user of similar biometric parameter to collect data, biometric parameter includes HRV index and spiro-index.Other people letter
Breath, is also possible to engineering including age, gender, BMI, eating habit, sleep habit, drug intake and the workload on the same day
Practise the parameter in algorithm.The system combines above-mentioned machine learning algorithm, can more accurately estimate the sleepy state of driver.
D. for executing the structure of the equipment of vehicle-mounted detection and intervention
Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 shows the different views of the equipment for executing vehicle-mounted monitoring and intervention according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
Figure and structure.Fig. 5 is integrated into the exemplary system in safety belt 510, and Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are shown can be attached to safety belt
510 discrete hardware equipment.
Vehicle-mounted monitoring and interfering system may include one or more processors and device, wherein the device include one or
Multiple ECG sensors 210, one or more respiration transducers 220, accelerometer 230, MCU 520, battery 530, general serial are total
Port line (USB) 540, clip 550 and flexible cable 560.MCU 520 may further include pseudo- for executing noise or movement
As other circuits of filtering and wireless communication.The device can also include one or more pulse transducers, or can be by one
A or multiple ECG sensors replace with pulse transducer.
In addition it is also possible to which only setting has the vehicle-mounted detecting system of monitoring function, as shown in Figure 9.Vehicle-mounted detecting system packet
It includes: one or more ECG sensors and/or pulse transducer；One or more respiration transducers, are used to detect driver's
Breathing pattern；Accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration signal of vehicle；Battery is used for as one or more of ECG biography
Sensor and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers and accelerometer power supply；And it is conductively connected
Part, be used for by one or more of ECG sensors and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers and
The accelerometer is connected to microcontroller；Wherein, the vehicle-mounted detecting system is integrated or is attached to the safety belt of vehicle.
Vehicle-mounted detecting system further includes the clip that vehicle-mounted detecting system is attached to the safety belt of vehicle, in the bottom of device
Attachment clip so as to the device is strongly attached on safety belt and can be free to travel to along safety belt closer to
The position of driver's heart.Vehicle-mounted monitoring system can also include port, be that battery charges and/or transmit number by the port
According to.Certainly, which is also possible to wireless charging and/or wirelessly transmitting data.One or more electrocardiogram sensings
Device and one or more respiration transducers can be about vehicle-mounted monitorings and the configuration as described in interfering system.Can be used electric wire,
Electronic textile, copper nylon fabric or other conductive fabrics are by one or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one
A or multiple respiration transducers and accelerometer are connected to microcontroller.
Fig. 5 shows some embodiments for the device being integrated into safety belt 510.There are two ECG sensors 210, wherein
One ECG sensor is connected to MCU 520 by flexible cable 560.Flexible cable 560 is in the position for adjusting ECG sensor 210
Aspect has very big flexibility, so that the system is adapted to the people of different body sizes.Another ECG sensor 210 is exhaled
It inhales sensor 220 and accelerometer 230 is desirably integrated into safety belt 510 and is knitted with electric wire, electronic textile or other conductions
Object (for example, copper nylon fabric) is connected to MCU 520.This has the advantages that safety belt keeps flexible cable simultaneously not raised.Arteries and veins
Sensor of fighting is desirably integrated on safety belt 510 and is connected to MCU 520 by flexible cable, or is placed in driver's wrist
And MCU520 is connected to by wired or wireless mode.
The device is powered by battery 530, the battery be it is replaceable, can wired or wireless charging battery.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, device can may be connected to the discrete hardware equipment of safety belt 510.ECG is passed
Sensor 210 is diagonally placed, so that the distance between they can maximize.It is attached with clip 550 in the bottom of device, with
The device can be strongly attached on safety belt 510 and can be free to travel to along safety belt 510 closer to driving
The position of member's heart.In certain embodiments, device can be lain in a horizontal plane on the safety belt for being close to abdomen.Abdomen is to breathing
The more sensitive position of mode.The shape of abdomen more effectively makes sensor be close on the user's body, obtain good signal.?
In the above various configurations, which may be fitted with USB port 540, be used to charge or transmit for battery 530 data with into
Row record.USB port 540 can be micro USB port, USB-C type port, mini USB port or other kinds of port
Connector.The vehicle-mounted monitoring system can also be charged the battery wirelessly, and can be wireless to MCU520
Transmit data.
In certain embodiments, MCU 520 includes characteristic extracting module 410, drowsiness detection module 420, training module 430
With intervention module 510.Physiological signal is handled the sleepy state to determine driver by MCU 520.If it is determined that driver drowsiness,
Interior warning 610 or smart phone warning 620 are then issued to alert driver by transmission module.
In some alternative embodiments, MCU 520 only includes transmission module.Filtered physiological signal is digitized and is passed
Smart phone is sent to be further processed.Device and smart phone can be connected by any kind of connection or network
It connects, including local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN) or by the connection of other equipment, for example, being mentioned by using Internet service
For the internet of quotient (ISP), (for example, near-field communication) is wirelessly connected or by rigid line connection (for example, USB connects by other
It connects).In some alternative embodiments, smart phone may be used as intermediate equipment, can be further without processing
In the case of send the filtered physiological signal received from the device to the processors of other equipment.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, circuit in system can at least partially through software program, transistor,
The combination of logic gate, analog circuit block, semiconductor devices, other electronic devices or any aforementioned circuit structure is realized.Due to
Certain circuits may be realized in the form of software, therefore according to the mode of software programming, actual connection and structure be might have
Institute is different.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that in the situation without departing substantially from the scope of the utility model or spirit
Under, can structure to the utility model various modifications and changes may be made.In view of foregoing description, if repaired to the utility model
Change and change is fallen into the range of following following claims and its equivalent, then intention covers the utility model above-mentioned practical to this
Novel modifications and changes.
E. the bibliography quoted
Following documents is referred in present patent application.Bibliography [1]-[2] are incorporated herein by reference.
[1] Zhengbo Zhang etc., " Adaptive motion artefact reduction in respiration
And ECG signals for wearable healthcare monitoring systems ", Medical&
Biological engineering&computing, 52:1019-1030,2014.
[2] ZoranFejzoet etc., " Adaptive Laguerre-lattice Filters ", IEEE
Transactions on Signal Processing, the l45 volumes, the 12nd phase, in December, 1997.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of vehicle-mounted detecting system, the vehicle-mounted detecting system include:
One or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer；
One or more respiration transducers are used to detect the breathing pattern of driver；
Accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration signal of vehicle；
Battery is used for as one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more of breathings
Sensor and accelerometer power supply；And
Conducting connecting part is used for one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more
A respiration transducer and the accelerometer are connected to microcontroller；
Wherein, the vehicle-mounted detecting system is integrated or is attached to the safety belt of vehicle.
2. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted detecting system further includes will be described
Vehicle-mounted detecting system is attached to the clip of the safety belt of the vehicle as discrete hardware device.
3. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that one or more of electrocardiography transducers
And/or pulse transducer is spaced each other preset distance along the safety belt.
4. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that one or more of respiration transducers are used for
Measure the breathing pattern of the driver.
5. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will be one or more of using conductive fabric
Electrocardiography transducer and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers and the accelerometer are connected to micro-control
Device processed.
6. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that use electric wire, electronic textile or copper nylon
Fabric is by one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers and institute
It states accelerometer and is connected to microcontroller.
7. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pulse transducer is placed in driver's wrist
Above and by wired or wireless mode it is connected to microcontroller.
8. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted detecting system is placed on abutting abdomen
On the safety belt in portion.
9. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the clip attachment is in the vehicle-mounted detection system
The bottom of system, so as to which the vehicle-mounted detecting system is strongly attached on the safety belt and makes the vehicle-mounted inspection
Examining system can be free to travel to closer to the position of driver's heart along safety belt.
10. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted detecting system further includes port,
It is that battery charges and/or transmit data by the port.
11. vehicle-mounted detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wirelessly to the vehicle-mounted detection
The battery of system charges.
12. a kind of vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system, the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system are arranged on safety belt, and described
Vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system include:
One or more electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer；
One or more respiration transducers；
The one or more selected from the group being made of traffic filter, sef-adapting filter and finite impulse response filter
Filter；
Feature extractor, the feature extractor include at least:
Heart rate interphase device, the heart rate interphase device extract heart rate interphase according to the ECG signal from filter；
Time Domain Analyzer, the ECG signal of the Time Domain Analyzer one or more filters based on the received obtain one or
Multiple heart rate variability parameters；
Frequency-domain analyser, it is normal at least two frequency bands to obtain that the frequency-domain analyser executes frequency-domain analysis to heart rate interphase
The counting of the quantity of sinus property heartbeat interphase；And
Comparator, between the counting of the quantity of the normal sinus heartbeat interphase at comparator at least two frequency band
Ratio；And
Drowsiness detection device, the ratio that the drowsiness detection device obtains the comparator is compared with the threshold value stored in memory
Compared with, and the correlation of breath signal and sleepy breath signal is considered to obtain probability warning function, according to described probability
It alerts function and sends warning when the ratio is greater than threshold value.
13. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted detection and intervention system
System further includes one or more accelerometers；With intervention device.
14. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 13 and interfering system, which is characterized in that the intervention device further includes being used for
Send the transmission module of interior warning or smart phone warning.
15. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that one or more of electrocardiograms
Sensor and/or pulse transducer are spaced each other preset distance along the safety belt.
16. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that one or more of breathings pass
Sensor is used to measure the breathing pattern of the driver, and is applied to drowsiness detection device.
17. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted detection and intervention system
System further includes the safety belt for being attached to the vehicle using the vehicle-mounted detection and interfering system as discrete hardware device
Clip.
18. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that by the vehicle-mounted detection and intervention
The system integration is into the safety belt of the vehicle.
19. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that use conductive fabric by described one
A or multiple electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more of respiration transducers, one or more of filters
Wave device, feature extractor and drowsiness detection device are connected.
20. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that use electric wire, electronic textile
Or copper nylon fabric passes one or more of electrocardiography transducers and/or pulse transducer, one or more of breathings
Sensor, one or more of filters, feature extractor and drowsiness detection device are connected.
21. vehicle-mounted detection according to claim 12 and interfering system, which is characterized in that the vehicle-mounted detection and intervention system
System further includes normalizer, and the normalizer is by the number of the normal sinus heartbeat interphase at least high frequency band and low-frequency band
The counting of amount normalizes.
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| KR100725580B1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-06-08 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | System to transmit vital signals from moving body with dynamic external disturbance and to compensate artifact thereof |
| US8725311B1 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2014-05-13 | American Vehicular Sciences, LLC | Driver health and fatigue monitoring system and method |
| DE102014211501A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | Takata AG | Safety belt assemblies and methods for determining information regarding the cardiac and / or respiratory activity of a user of a safety belt |
| WO2015174963A1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | American Vehicular Sciences, LLC | Driver health and fatigue monitoring system and method |
| CN105943015A (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-09-21 | 浙江大学 | Wearable heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring device with active noise reduction function |
| CN106725395A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-05-31 | 王浩宇 | Safety belt for vehicle and its method for early warning based on measurement heartbeat and respiratory rate |
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2018
- 2018-09-27 CN CN201811133826.XA patent/CN110301921A/en active Pending
- 2018-09-27 CN CN201821584138.0U patent/CN209252893U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110974262A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 同济大学 | Driver state monitoring system based on physiological information |
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