CN209231788U - A kind of sensor of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of sensor of solar opto-electronic board two dimension braking tracking control system, it is characterized in that sensor structure: hemisphere transparent housing is in conjunction with round bottom plate edge, the black hood of round bottom plate center fixation hollow square, there is sensor circuit board to measure feedback angle in cover, circuit board connects MUC, solar energy drop offset plate is placed respectively in four facade bottom edge of hood, towards four corners of the world four direction, four pieces of back sides drop offset plate T1~T4 respectively have positive and negative anodes contact to be welded on PCT plate, the circuit board of sensor has independent current source module, + the 5V of sensor circuit board, from power module, pass through cable, connector connects power module.Apparatus structure is compact, and stability is high, and scalability is high, reduces injury of the starting current to motor, is accurately positioned direct sunlight direction and improves generating efficiency.It realizes steady, efficient, intelligentized photovoltaic power generation mode, solves the problems, such as existing sensor sealing, the feedback problem of angle, direction.

Description

A kind of sensor of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system

Technical field

The utility model relates to the photo-thermal of Solar use to acquire facility, and one kind, which can be realized, automatically tracks direct sunlight angle The sensor of the control device of degree requires the higher photo-thermal acquisition for having two dimensional motion function of efficiency to set applied to photovoltaic power generation It is standby.

Background technique

Structure, the control circuit, sensor being currently used in the automatic following control system of solar energy photovoltaic generator Form is:

1, it is fixed on no freedom degree and horizontally rotates mode

A kind of photovoltaic power generation mode relatively common at present is to place solar opto-electronic board using 45 degree of elevations angle of positive south orientation.By Cutting equipment in such pose pattern can not rotate without freedom degree, therefore only can reach specified hair at 10 points to 14 points of summer Electricity.This scheme advantage is at low cost and easy for installation.Disadvantage is generated energy shakiness, and runing time is limited, in the winter The disadvantages of generated energy declines to a great extent under season extreme condition.Also there is solar photoelectric board mount that can rotate horizontally, may be implemented pair Solar azimuth follows.The problem of the solar azimuth variation bring generated energy shakiness solved on partial extent.

2, the motor control of relay and field-effect tube

With the larger of solar panel, required Motor torque can also be increased with it.It is controlled using relay 3~6 times of rated current can be reached in electric motor starting and the transient current of stopping when motor, often will appear and burn fuse very To the case where damaging motor.Field-effect tube equally has the shortcomings that starting current moment can not be inhibited to increase, frequent starting and stopping It is easy to cause field-effect tube to damage, greatly shortens the service life of equipment in practical applications.

3, the effect of sensor

Solar automatic tracking system is surveyed gloss and is projected in terms of control method mainly based on light intensity control method at present Identification device including impermeable baffle plate and rotating device, impermeable baffle plate is vertically in the upper bottom surface of projection identification device cabinet On, it is equipped with the projection identification device of impermeable baffle plate projection for identification in projection identification device cabinet, projects identification device case Body is located on rotating device, the actual height angle of the result and the sun measured, horizontal angle error within the scope of 5 °.It is existing Solar energy tracking sensor, only there are two erect a barn door among drop offset plate.Which drop offset plate voltage just thereto turns greatly, It goes to and equal just stops！This mode could only run well under the weather condition of daylight abundance, and it is anti-to cut no position The function of feedback.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of sensors of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system, make Heat collector precisely aligns the automatic reversing apparatus of direct sunlight position, is able to solve existing issue.

A kind of sensor of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system, including for solar opto-electronic board two to The motor and control chip, sensor and operator of rotation, East and West direction, north-south motor, it is characterised in that sensor structure: half Sphere transparent housing is in conjunction with round bottom plate edge, the black hood of round bottom plate center fixation hollow square, has sensing in cover Device circuit board to measure feedback angle, circuit board connection MUC, four facade bottom edge of hood place respectively solar energy drop offset plate, Towards four corners of the world four direction, four pieces of back sides drop offset plate T1~T4 respectively have positive and negative anodes contact to be welded on PCT plate, sensor Circuit board have an independent current source module ,+the 5V of sensor circuit board comes from power module, passes through cable, connector connects power supply Module.

Application of the design sensor in automatic following control system: theoretical values and biography in automatic following control system When sensor data are consistent, it is judged as fine day mode, positions electro-optical package by sensing data, or is judged as the cloudy day then by theoretical values Tracking；When theoretical values and sensing data are inconsistent, judge current electro-optical package and position of sun, and control system make certain to Motor is acted, and adjusting to correlation data does not have gap to judge current photoelectricity when theoretical values and sensing data are inconsistent Plate and position of sun, and control system acts certain to motor, adjusting to correlation data does not have gap, if control system The posture of system program calculation and the posture of sensor feedback have substantially gap, mean that control system program calculation error or even deposit Crossing, limit is dangerous, needs out of service or waits artificial treatment；When tracking successfully, control system keeps current location to prolong Late a period of time, intelligence computation storage unit, which is returned again to, calculates theoretical position by formula, or returns again to repetition and read drop glue The voltage of plate output.

Significant superiority is embodied in: solving the problems, such as existing sensor sealing, the feedback problem of angle, direction.Sensing Device outer cover and three-dimensional hood are customized by the design.Compared with prior art, solar two-dimension of the present invention automatically tracks control System processed and apparatus structure are compact, and stability is high, and scalability is high, the injury that can effectively reduce starting current to motor, Ke Yijing It determines that generating efficiency is improved in position direct sunlight direction, realizes steady, efficient, intelligentized photovoltaic power generation mode.

This product is small-scale on probation in actual operation.The transparent acrylic material of sensor outer housing in actual use Hemispherical is made in matter, can stop wind and snow and rainwater etc. to the erosion of circuit board, also avoids anaclasis bring data distortion.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is sensor structure schematic sectional view；

Fig. 2 is sensor structure top view；

Fig. 3 is sensor circuit schematic diagram；

Fig. 4 is the operator schematic block circuit diagram for controlling sensor；

Fig. 5 is motor control chip circuit diagram.

Specific embodiment

The sensor of this photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system, including for solar opto-electronic board two to The motor and control chip, sensor and operator of rotation, East and West direction, two, north-south motor, it is characterised in that sensor knot Structure: being shown in Fig. 1, and in conjunction with 3 edge of round bottom plate, the black of 3 center fixation hollow square of round bottom plate hides hemisphere transparent housing 1 Light shield 4, hood 4 cover in have sensor circuit board 5 to measure feedback angle, circuit board connection MUC, 4 four facade of hood Four solar energy drop offset plates 2 are placed, towards four corners of the world four direction in bottom edge respectively, see Fig. 2, four pieces of drop offset plate T1~T4 back Face is welded on PCT plate there are two positive and negative anodes contact, and circuit is shown in that Fig. 3, the circuit board of sensor have independent current source conversion module, is passed + the 5V of sensor circuit board comes from power module, connects power module by cable, connector.The sun of offset plate is dripped by four pieces Energy-photosensitive circuit, barn door and six-axle acceleration form six-axle acceleration sensor circuit MPU6050, to measure feedback angle The connector of degree, interface section PIN10 is connected to cable and is communicated with MUC, and there are also be adapted to resistance part.Sensor circuit connects Line relationship, is shown in Fig. 3: cable is accessed power supply+5V and GND by connector, then is converted into+3.3V by RT9193 and is supplied MPU6050 is used.Drop offset plate T1, T2, T3, T4 cathode foot 2 is that common end all meets GND, and positive 10K resistive pull-downs pass through connection Device connects in the AD conversion of driver MCU single-chip microcontroller STM32.Sensor circuit MPU6050 is connected to by IIC SDA On the IIC foot of STM32.It is noted that IIC foot wants pull-up resistor 4.7K, signal distortion in transmission is avoided.Solar energy drop offset plate 2 exists Output rated voltage 3V when abundant sunshine, when intermediate hood 4 shelters from a certain block of drop offset plate of vertical bottom face, this drop glue The output voltage of plate can decrease because of the degree difference blocked, and the gap for dripping offset plate output voltage according to four pieces judges the sun Specific orientation.Six-axle acceleration sensor circuit MPU6050 can feed back posture locating for solar panels.It only uses under normal circumstances Posture to calculate out with this control system intelligence computation unit program does comparison correction.If the appearance of intelligence computation program calculation The posture of state and sensor feedback has substantially gap, means that calculation error or even exists across the danger such as limit, needs to stop Operation waits artificial treatment.

Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of this operator, controls this solar opto-electronic board two dimension braking tracing control sensor Operator has display screen, key, it is characterised in that in shell front, housing side has sensor to connect for display screen and key setting Mouthful, limiter interface, debugging interface, microcontroller single-chip microcontroller MUC is set in shell, single-chip microcontroller STM32, East and West direction, north-south Two motor control modules, button cell, each interface remove power module, the circuit communication of all devices.Power module is electrical On unit control panel.Liquid crystal display is 3.5 cun of TFT screens, and key can be completed to be manually operated, and modifies the parameter of recording program. The function of key from top to bottom is page up, lower one page, determination, exits, north and/above ,/go down south, is western/left, eastern/right.Debugging interface For the communication of microcontroller single-chip microcontroller MUC and host computer, program downloading etc..Button cell is used as the RTC clock timing after power down. Power supply is that circuit board and motor are powered using 24V Switching Power Supply at present.Limit interface has and reserved can connect wind speed wind direction sensor.

East and West direction, two, north-south motor, direct current generator maximum power 75W are set, and DC MOTOR CONTROL controls chip LMD18200 rated current 3A, control system are 3A to the electric current of single motor.

Six axle sensors, six axis refer to that the respective XYZ Spindle Status of gyroscope, acceleration, the MPU6050 of use are a kind of Motion process component can detect X-axis, the rotation angle of Y-axis and Z axis.Online MPU6050 circuit such as Fig. 3 is seen, according to MPU6050 Chip data handbook and user's manual can read out the gyroscope of X, Y, Z and the data of acceleration, then pass through open source algorithm Calculate pitch angle and direction.The present invention is installed six axle sensors are parallel with solar opto-electronic board, that is, be can measure and calculated too It is positive can electro-optical package pitch angle and feed back to micro-control unit MCU in control system towards orientation.The microcontroller of this control system Single-chip microprocessor MCU uses model STM32F103, has enough computation rates and storage space, adopts for comparing, calculating sensor The data of collection.The controller PWM driving method of the control posture LMD18200 that uses the scheme of part, do not need using after Electric appliance has the function of current feedback and program calling and controlling revolving speed, can individually control a direct current generator, realizes slow start slow stop, Effectively reduce injury of the starting current to motor.

Dripping offset plate " east " " west " is one group, and " south " " north " is one group, is mounted on the solar energy face drop offset plate output of the east Voltage is simply " east ".It is can take into account in comparison due to sampling bring error, only (is defaulted as when gap is greater than the set value When 0.2V), it can just start to act.

Sensor is parallel with solar opto-electronic board to be installed, actual measurement and the pitch angle and direction for calculating solar opto-electronic board Bearing data feeds back to control system intelligence computation storage unit MCU；The solar energy drop offset plate of sensor is defeated in abundant sunshine Voltage rating 3V out, four blocks of drop offset plates add up to output 12V when sunny, and standard is according to actual measurement and summary of experience system It orders, early morning, which adds up to, is considered as sunrise when being greater than 1.6V, add up to is considered as sunset when being less than 0.8V at dusk, add up to daytime and regard when being less than 2.0V For the cloudy day.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of sensor of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system, including for solar opto-electronic board two to turning Dynamic motor and control chip, sensor and operator, East and West direction, north-south motor, it is characterised in that sensor structure: hemisphere Body transparent housing (1) is in conjunction with round bottom plate (3) edge, the black hood (4) of round bottom plate (3) center fixation hollow square, There is sensor circuit board (5) to measure feedback angle, circuit board (5) connection MUC, hood (4) facade bottom in hood (4) Solar energy drop offset plate (2) is placed, towards four corners of the world four direction in side respectively, and four pieces of drop offset plate (T1~T4) back sides are each in circuit There is positive and negative anodes contact to be welded on PCT plate, the circuit board (5) of sensor has an independent current source module ,+the 5V of sensor circuit board, Power module from electric elements control panel connects sensor circuit board by cable, connector.

2. the sensor of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Sensor circuit wiring relationship: cable is accessed power supply+5V and GND by connector, then is converted into+3.3V by RT9193 and is supplied Six-axle acceleration sensor circuit board MPU6050 is used；Drop offset plate (T1, T2, T3, T4) cathode foot is that common end all meets GND, just Pole 10K resistive pull-downs are connect in the AD conversion of driver MCU single-chip microcontroller STM32 by connector, sensor circuit board MPU6050 is connected on the IIC foot of STM32 by IIC SDA；Motor control chip LMD18200 rated current 3A, control system Uniting to the electric current of single motor is 3A；Motor maximum 75W, using controller PWM driving method；

When being connected on the IIC foot of STM32, notice that IIC foot wants pull-up resistor 4.7K, avoids signal distortion in transmission.

3. the sensor of photovoltaic two dimension braking tracking control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The operator of sensor is controlled, in shell front, housing side has sensor interface, limiter to connect for display screen and key setting Mouth, debugging interface, shell is interior to be arranged microcontroller single-chip microcontroller MUC, the motor control module of both direction, button cell, each interface, Except power module, the circuit communication of all devices, for power module on electrical component control panel, debugging interface is used for microcontroller list The communication of piece machine MUC and host computer, program downloading, button cell are used as the RTC clock meter after power down, and power supply is switched using 24V Power supply is that circuit board and motor are powered.