CN208860615U - A kind of bogie structure safety monitoring assembly - Google Patents
A kind of bogie structure safety monitoring assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN208860615U CN208860615U CN201821752366.4U CN201821752366U CN208860615U CN 208860615 U CN208860615 U CN 208860615U CN 201821752366 U CN201821752366 U CN 201821752366U CN 208860615 U CN208860615 U CN 208860615U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of bogie structure safety monitoring assemblies, including host computer, detection module and multiple piezoelectric transducer modules, wherein, detection module includes Lamb wave signal generating unit, network and control unit and signal condition and acquisition unit, network and control unit are separately connected host computer, Lamb wave signal generating unit and signal condition and acquisition unit, piezoelectric transducer module is mounted on bogie, each piezoelectric transducer module is all connected with Lamb wave signal generating unit and signal condition and acquisition unit, piezoelectric transducer module includes signal acquisition line, piezoelectric ceramic piece and flexible circuit board, signal acquisition line is integrated in flexible circuit intralamellar part.Compared with prior art, the utility model can be directly installed on the bogie of train, bogie is monitored in real time using Lamb wave, realize accurately and timely find bogie there are the problem of, the safe handling of of train itself will not be had an impact in monitoring, improve economy and convenience.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of train operation safety monitoring and specifically relates to a bogie structure safety monitoring device is related to.
Background
The bogie is an important part for connecting a vehicle body and a track, plays a role in transmitting traction force, braking force, transverse force and vertical force during the traction operation of a locomotive, and the deterioration of the mechanical property of the bogie causes the aggravation of vibration and the reduction of riding comfort, and causes serious safety accidents such as the instability of train operation, derailment and turnover and the like.
With the rapid development of railways in China, the guarantee of the running safety of trains is the primary task, and meanwhile, with the increasing dependence of people on railways for traveling, the demand for improving riding comfort is increasing day by day. The structural damage of the bogie directly affects the driving safety and comfort, so the detection of the structural damage state of the bogie is particularly important.
At present, a maintenance system combining scheduled regular maintenance and state maintenance is still adopted for a high-speed train motor train unit at home and abroad, but firstly, the mode is lack of scientificity, and under the maintenance system, maintenance personnel need to maintain the motor train unit all the time regardless of the initial state, environmental difference and running condition of electrical equipment, so that the safe operation of the equipment is influenced; secondly, the regular maintenance is lack of economy, maintenance tasks are more and more complicated at present when the railway network is more and more dense, the financial expenditure can be increased by adopting the regular maintenance method, the equipment cannot be guaranteed to be intact, the service life of the equipment is shortened, and the equipment is likely to be completely damaged to cause great loss; finally, periodic maintenance lacks periodic rationality, and generally in this maintenance mode, the situation of excessive maintenance or insufficient maintenance may occur, and this blind maintenance mode is difficult to eliminate hidden troubles and cannot meet the requirements for safe and reliable operation of power equipment. Therefore, a device capable of detecting the train bogie conveniently in real time is needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a bogie structure safety monitoring device for overcoming the defects existing in the prior art.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a bogie structure safety monitoring device, includes host computer, detection module and a plurality of piezoelectric sensor module, and wherein, detection module includes Lamb wave signal generating element, network and the control unit and signal conditioning and acquisition element, network and the control unit connect host computer, Lamb wave signal generating element and signal conditioning and acquisition element respectively, piezoelectric sensor module install on the bogie, Lamb wave signal generating element and signal conditioning and acquisition element are all connected to every piezoelectric sensor module, piezoelectric sensor module includes signal acquisition line, piezoceramics piece and flexible circuit board, the piezoceramics piece is connected to the flexible circuit board, and the signal acquisition line is integrated inside the flexible circuit board.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric sensor module further comprises a flexible circuit film layer, and the flexible circuit film layer covers the outer surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the flexible circuit board, so that the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the flexible circuit board are fixed on the bogie.
Furthermore, the flexible circuit film layer is formed by wrapping epoxy resin glue outside the flexible circuit board.
Furthermore, the flexible circuit board is a bendable light and thin plastic sheet made of mylar or polyimide as a base material.
Further, the thickness of the flexible circuit board is less than or equal to 1 mm.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric sensor module is connected with the Lamb wave signal generating unit and the signal conditioning and collecting unit in a wired or wireless mode.
Further, the piezoelectric sensor modules are discretely distributed and installed on the bogie.
Furthermore, the upper computer is connected with the network and the control unit through wires or wirelessly.
Further, the upper computer also comprises a data display unit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
1. the utility model discloses a piezoelectric sensor that can arouse and gather Lamb wave detects the structure of bogie, according to the propagation mode of Lamb wave, the defect of bogie inner structure can lead to Lamb wave detected signal to change, guided wave signal transmission that detects when guided wave signal through the sign structure running state that will detect and structure do not harm compares to the host computer, extract the damage signal, then through the processing to the damage signal, can clearly analyze out the position of damage, size waiting information, and show with the mode of image in the data display unit, the monitoring has been improved and has been got security and stability.
2. The utility model discloses the device can the direct mount on the bogie of train, carries out real-time monitoring to the bogie, has realized accurately in time discovering the problem that the bogie exists, can not exert an influence to the safe operation of itself of train when the monitoring, has improved economic nature and convenience.
3. The utility model discloses constitute the sensor network who surrounds the bogie with a plurality of piezoelectric sensor modules, detect bogie structural damage, use flexible circuit board can go deep into in a precise and flexible way needs the inspection and monitor the bogie region, to the bogie of difference, all be furnished with the purpose-built flexible circuit board that corresponds with it and cooperate, improve and detect accuracy nature, real-time, improve railway operating efficiency on the whole, guarantee driving safety.
4. The flexible circuit board is a bendable light and thin plastic sheet with high reliability and excellent flexibility, which is made of mylar or polyimide as a base material, and a circuit design is embedded in the flexible circuit board to form a bendable flexible circuit. The circuit can be bent at will, has light folding weight, small volume, good heat dissipation and convenient installation, breaks through the traditional interconnection technology, can be matched with various bogie structures for customization, enables the piezoelectric sensor module to be matched with a train bogie conveniently and quickly, and fixes the piezoelectric sensor module on the train bogie closely. On the other hand, the flexible circuit board with the thickness smaller than 1mm is wrapped on the surface of the train bogie, so that the normal work and operation of the train cannot be influenced.
5. The utility model discloses a flexible circuit board bonds and fixes through the flexible circuit thin layer, pastes on the train bogie. Connect the piezoceramics piece on flexible circuit board, the signal acquisition line is integrated in flexible circuit board, has reduced the signal line and has exposed the probability that receives external environment to be damaged or signal quality receives the influence outside easily, simultaneously, the utility model overcomes a traditional piezoelectric sensor is naked piezoceramics piece usually, directly sticks in the place that needs the test naked to connect as collector or exciter through the flexible conductor, reduce performance and electrical parameter's uniformity, the relatively poor shortcoming of practicality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric sensor module.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a truck frame dispersion curve.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an ellipsometry process.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises an upper computer, a detection module, a piezoelectric sensor module, a bogie, a network and control unit, a Lamb wave signal generating unit, a Lamb wave signal conditioning and acquiring unit, a piezoelectric ceramic plate, a flexible circuit board and a signal conditioning and acquiring unit, wherein the upper computer 2, the detection module 3, the piezoelectric sensor module 4, the bogie, 21, the network and control unit, 22.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a bogie structure safety monitoring device, which includes an upper computer 1, a detection module 2 and a plurality of piezoelectric sensor modules 3. The detection module 2 comprises a Lamb wave signal generating unit 22, a network and control unit 21 and a signal conditioning and collecting unit 23, wherein the network and control unit 21 is respectively connected with the upper computer 1, the Lamb wave signal generating unit 22 and the signal conditioning and collecting unit 23, the upper computer 1 is connected with the network and control unit 21 in a wired or wireless mode, and the upper computer 1 further comprises a display unit for displaying data. The piezoelectric sensor modules 3 are mounted on the bogie 4, and each piezoelectric sensor module 3 is connected to a Lamb wave signal generating unit 22 and a signal conditioning and collecting unit 23. The piezoelectric sensor module 3 is connected with the Lamb wave signal generating unit 22 and the signal conditioning and collecting unit 23 in a wired or wireless communication mode.
As shown in fig. 2, the piezoelectric sensor module 3 includes a voltage signal acquisition line, an electro-ceramic sheet, a flexible circuit board 32, and a flexible circuit film layer. The flexible circuit film layer covers the outer surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic plate 31 and the flexible circuit board 32, so that the piezoelectric ceramic plate 31 and the flexible circuit board 32 are fixed on the bogie 4. The flexible circuit film layer is a film layer formed by epoxy resin glue wrapped outside the flexible circuit board 32. The flexible circuit board 32 is adhered and fixed by two-component epoxy resin glue of letter friend 6282 and is adhered on the train bogie 4. The piezoelectric ceramic piece 31 is connected to the flexible circuit board 32, the signal acquisition line is integrated in the flexible circuit board 32, the probability that the signal line is exposed outside and is easily damaged by the external environment or the signal quality is affected is reduced, and on the other hand, the piezoelectric sensor can be firmly fixed on the train bogie 4.
The flexible circuit board 32 is a flexible thin plastic sheet made of mylar or polyimide as a base material. The thickness of the flexible circuit board 32 is generally less than 1mm, and 1mm is adopted in this embodiment. The flexible circuit board 32 with the thickness is wrapped on the surface of the train bogie 4, and the normal work and operation of the train cannot be influenced.
The basic principle of the embodiment is as follows: the piezoelectric sensors are discretely distributed and adhered to the bogie 4 to carry out structural health detection on the bogie. The Lamb wave signal generating unit 22 and the piezoelectric sensor module 3 convert the electric signals into pressure waves, and the pressure waves are transmitted inside the bogie 4 in the form of Lamb waves; and then Lamb waves transmitted in the bogie 4 are converted into electric signals, the electric signals are collected by the signal conditioning and collecting unit 23, and the signals are transmitted back to the upper computer 1 in a wifi or Bluetooth communication mode through the network and control unit 21. When the device works, a set excitation signal is loaded on a piezoelectric sensor module which is pre-installed on the surface of a bogie 4 structure, the piezoelectric sensor module 3 generally takes a single mode as a main mode, one part of the piezoelectric sensor module emits Lamb waves in a certain form and mode, and the other part of the piezoelectric sensor module 3 receives a structure response signal; since Lamb waves are sensitive to structural damage and state change, damage which may exist in the structure can be monitored by comparing structural response conditions in a healthy state, and the position, size, area, degree and the like of the damage can be further analyzed and displayed in the form of images by means of advanced signal processing technologies and methods, such as an elliptic algorithm, a time reversal theory, a phased array technology and the like.
In the upper computer 1, the main design work of a software framework is embodied in an application layer, and each functional module of the application layer is divided into a conventional test module and a special technical module according to the speciality, wherein the conventional test module and the special technical module comprise modules for system parameter management, self diagnosis, data acquisition and storage and the like. In the other special technical modules, the monitoring channel control module mainly realizes gating of an exciter and a sensor in the sensor network to form a reasonable and effective monitoring path to cover the monitored structure; the monitoring data management module can facilitate the user to realize the inquiry of historical data and the information fusion processing; the data processing and fusion module is mainly integrated with algorithms related to Lamb wave signal processing, such as signal transformation, phased array processing and time reversal processing; the damage monitoring and evaluating module mainly realizes algorithms of damage factor parameter extraction, damage diagnosis, identification, evaluation and the like.
Lamb waves are guided waves propagating in a shell structure, are firstly discovered by Horace Lamb in the process of solving ultrasonic waves in an infinite plate, have propagation specificity in frequency dispersion and multimode characteristics, and have two types of symmetric modes and anti-symmetric modes, which are respectively expressed as S0,S1,S2… and A0,A1,A2…, the dispersion equation is as follows:
symmetrical mode:
antisymmetric mode:
wherein,k=ω/cpω is 2 π f, f is the frequency, k is the wavenumber, cL、crAnd cpThe wave velocity and the phase velocity of longitudinal waves and transverse waves are respectively. d is the thickness of the plate.
By numerical method, the product (c) of phase velocity and frequency thickness can be obtainedp-fd) and then according to the following formula
Can obtain (c)g-fd) and the result is shown in FIG. 3, where the dotted line represents the symmetric mode (S)0) The solid line represents the antisymmetric mode (A)0) As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the frequency-thickness product is less than 1.5MHz. mm, only the fundamental order is symmetric (S)0) With antisymmetry (A)0) Both modes, and thus reducing the angle of guided wave modes, should give priority to this frequency thickness product range. When the frequency thickness product is less than 0.4MHz.mm0The mode group velocity is greatly affected by the frequency thickness product, and S is larger than 1.3MHz0The mode group velocity is greatly influenced by the frequency thickness product, and the frequency thickness product is selected within the range of 0.4-1.3MHz.mm in order to reduce the wave-guiding frequency dispersion characteristic.
In order to accurately identify each damage through echo signal time domain information, the difference of the flight time of any two guided wave modes and any two damage positions is only larger than the time length of an excitation signal, namely
min|ti,TOF-tj,TOF|≥n/f
Wherein t isi,TOFAnd tj,TOFThe time of flight of any two different modes or different damage positions, n is the period number of the excitation signal, and f is the frequency of the excitation signal. To detect as many lesions as possible in the structure, the excitation frequency is increased to reduce the number of excitation signal cycles. The frequency and thickness product of the sine wave of 5 cycles modulated by a Hanning window is 1-1.2MHz.
In the actual damage detection and positioning, in order to avoid the influence of noise such as environmental interference, firstly, the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is used to process the signal, and then, the reconstruction is performed according to the scale corresponding to the frequency range of the excitation signal, so as to provide for the subsequent analysis. And detecting the difference between the energy spectrum correlation of the structure and the reference structure to judge whether the structure has damage.
The guided wave has many propagation paths in the structure, and for the nth sensing path, the energy spectrum A of the excitation signaln(omega) energy spectrum of received signal Cn(ω) and a frequency response function Gn(ω) satisfies:
Gn(ω)=Cn(ω)/An(ω)
frequency response function Gn(ω) is related to the material properties, propagation distance, excitation frequency related to the path. G if the continuity state or the linear state of the material changesn(ω) will vary with time. If the material of construction associated with this sensor path is continuous, linear, Gn(ω) may be approximated as a constant.
Defining a calibration correlation coefficient D for analyzing the correlation between the excitation signal and the received signal, the calibration correlation coefficient D for the reference statebnCorrelation coefficient D with detection statednAre respectively as
Wherein A isbn(omega) is the energy spectrum of the excitation signal of the reference structure, Cbn(omega) is the energy spectrum of the signal received by the reference structure sensor, Adn(omega) is the energy spectrum of the excitation signal of the detection structure, Cdn(omega) for signals received by the sensor for detecting the structureEnergy spectrum of the symbol, omega1Is the starting frequency, ω, of the energy spectrum2The cut-off frequency of the energy spectrum. If the material associated with the sensor path is continuous and linear, the frequency response function may be approximated as a constant, with the correlation coefficient D calibratedbnAnd DdnCan be approximated as a constant approaching 0. If there are defects in the sensing path that cause material discontinuities and nonlinearities, at which point DbnAnd DdnWill increase.
The sensing path damage index is:
DIn=|Dbn-Ddn|/Dbn
if damage is present in the sensing path, it can cause the material to be discontinuous or non-linear, resulting in DInAnd correspondingly increases. If there is no damage, DInIs 0.
Tn(x,y)=[dan(x,y)+dsn(x,y)]/cn
dan(x, y) is the distance between any point (x, y) and the excitation source, dsn(x, y) is the distance between the point and the receiving sensor, cnIs the group velocity of Lamb propagation. Propagation velocity c of Lamb wave in isotropic mediumnThe frequency of Lamb wave is determined by the physical property of the material, and is independent of the layout position of the sensor, so that the frequency can be calibrated in advance. When c is going tonAfter determination, TnCan be measured by a sensor, then dan(x,y)+dsn(x, y) is a constant value. Forming an ellipse with the origin of the excitation source and the receiving source, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4, where the damage occurs on the ellipse, when the test S is performed0-Si,S0-SjIn the process, 2 ellipses exist, the intersection point occurs at last, and the probability of damage occurring at the intersection point of the ellipses is determined to be high.
The foregoing has described in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention without undue experimentation. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concepts of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a bogie structure safety monitoring device, its characterized in that, includes host computer, detection module and a plurality of piezoelectric sensor module, and wherein, detection module includes Lamb wave signal generating element, network and the control unit and signal conditioning and acquisition unit, network and the control unit connect host computer, Lamb wave signal generating element and signal conditioning and acquisition unit respectively, piezoelectric sensor module install on the bogie, Lamb wave signal generating element and signal conditioning and acquisition unit are all connected to every piezoelectric sensor module, piezoelectric sensor module includes signal acquisition line, piezoceramics piece and flexible circuit board, the piezoceramics piece is connected to the flexible circuit board, and the signal acquisition line is integrated inside the flexible circuit board.
2. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric sensor module further comprises a flexible circuit film layer covering the outer surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic plate and the flexible circuit board, so that the piezoelectric ceramic plate and the flexible circuit board are fixed on the bogie.
3. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the flexible circuit film layer is formed by wrapping epoxy resin glue on the outer part of the flexible circuit board.
4. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the flexible circuit board is a bendable light and thin plastic sheet made of mylar or polyimide as a base material.
5. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 4, wherein the flexible circuit board has a thickness of 1mm or less.
6. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric sensor module is connected with the Lamb wave signal generating unit and the signal conditioning and collecting unit in a wired or wireless manner.
7. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric sensor modules are discretely mounted on the bogie.
8. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the upper computer is connected with the network and control unit through a wire or a wireless connection.
9. The bogie structure safety monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the upper computer further comprises a data display unit.
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CN113155465A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 上海工程技术大学 | Portable subway traction motor bearing state detection device |
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CN113155465A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 上海工程技术大学 | Portable subway traction motor bearing state detection device |
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