CN208833282U - High-speed ejection device for marble array - Google Patents
High-speed ejection device for marble array Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN208833282U CN208833282U CN201821568978.8U CN201821568978U CN208833282U CN 208833282 U CN208833282 U CN 208833282U CN 201821568978 U CN201821568978 U CN 201821568978U CN 208833282 U CN208833282 U CN 208833282U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- piston cylinder
- hoodle
- cylinder
- gun tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a marble array high-speed ejection device, which comprises a pressurizing device, a piston cylinder, a first piston, an elastic part, a first sealing ring, a second piston, a gun barrel, a diaphragm, a housing, marbles and a pressure relief switch; the top end of the piston cylinder is connected with the gun barrel; the top end of the gun barrel is fixedly connected with a housing, a plurality of launching holes are formed in the housing, and marbles are filled in the launching holes; the second piston is arranged in the gun barrel; the diaphragm is arranged at the upper end of the gun barrel; the first piston is arranged in the piston cylinder; a spring is arranged at the lower end of the first piston, and a first sealing ring is arranged between the upper end of the first piston and the piston cylinder; the lower end of the first piston divides the inner cavity of the piston cylinder into an upper cavity and a lower cavity; the lower end of the first piston is provided with a vent hole which communicates the upper cavity with the lower cavity, and a first one-way valve is arranged in the vent hole; the pressurizing device is communicated with the lower cavity of the piston cylinder; the bottom of the piston cylinder is also connected with a pressure relief switch; the device can be used as an emitting device of an explosion source in a vacuum chamber explosion simulation test device.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to explosion and impact technology field, especially a kind of hoodle array high speed ejection device.
Background technique
Similar physics simulation experiment method is a kind of effective method of Study of The Underground explosion issues.In underground explosion effect
In vacuum chamber simulator, quick-fried source is its core apparatus.In the underground explosion simulation test of big equivalent, existing quick-fried source model
Using miniature medicine ball or cavity filled with high pressure gas is simulated, and the quick release of cavity high pressure gas is its key technology,
In existing technology, external M.A.Sadovskii and V.V.Adushkin of Geophysics Institute, the former Soviet Union etc. earliest are learned
Person simulates cavity using thin-walled rubber air bag built in spherical nickel filament metal grate, heats nickel filament by low-tension current to hardening crack
Ball achievees the purpose that discharge compressed gas.But the heating time of the device nickel filament is uncontrollable, rubber pneumatic bag is likely to
A breach randomly is opened from somewhere and causes the uneven of gas ejection, is not consistent with underground explosion physical process, to test simulation
As a result it impacts；It is domestic earliest by engineering university, ground force blast impulse prevent and reduce natural disasters National Key Laboratory in document (Xu is small
The contracting of brightness, the big equivalent Shallow-Embedded Under-Ground explosion throwing blast crater effect of the such as Qiu Yanyu, Wang Mingyang is more quick-fried than simulation test device development (J)
It fries and flexibility is utilized using cloche simulated high-pressure cavity with report, quick-fried source device in impact, DOI:10.11883/bzycj)
The method that the high-velocity wire fragment and shock wave that the explosion of primacord center generates carry out broken glass ball cover reaches quick release compression
The purpose of gas, but due to needing using the hazardous explosion prones article such as electric cap, primacord in this method, to experimental condition requirement
High, test safety, the feature of environmental protection be not high.Pneumatic mode is used to realize that hoodle array high speed ejection carrys out shattered glass cover with this to reach
Device to quick release compressed gas not yet appears in the newspapers, and existing hoodle ejector has steam catapult, explosion ejector
And Electromagnetical ejector, it is respectively the kinetic energy of ejection, these catapult-launching gear skills by steam thermal energy, chemistry of explosives energy and electromagnetic energy
Art is complicated, is mainly used for the large-sized powers such as carrier-borne aircraft equipment.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of hoodle array high speed ejection devices, can be used as the explosion of current vacuum room
The core component of quick-fried source device in simulation test device, achievees the purpose that high pressure gas quick release, to solve test safety
With the problem of operability.
Realize the technical solution of the utility model aim are as follows:
A kind of hoodle array high speed ejection device, including pressurizing device, piston cylinder, first piston, elastic component, the first sealing
Circle, second piston, gun tube, diaphragm, housing, hoodle, compression relief cock.
The piston cylinder top is equipped with through-hole, and through-hole is connected with gun tube, is connected inside gun tube bottom and piston cylinder；It is described
Gun tube top is fixed with housing, and housing is equipped with multiple launch holes, is filled with hoodle in launch hole；The second piston setting exists
In gun tube, it can be slided up and down in gun tube；The diaphragm is arranged in gun tube upper end, to be sealed to gun tube upper end；Described
One piston is arranged in piston cylinder, can slide up and down in piston cylinder；The first piston vertical section is I-shaped；And lower end surface
Area is greater than upper surface area；The first piston lower end is equipped with elastic component, and elastic component pushes up first piston upper end and work
The contact of plug cylinder upper end inner wall, and the first sealing ring is equipped between first piston upper end and piston cylinder, the first sealing ring is to piston cylinder
Top through-hole is sealed；Piston cylinder internal cavities are divided into upper and lower two cavitys by the first piston lower end；Described first
Piston is equipped with venthole, and upper and lower cavity is connected to by venthole, and the first check valve, the first check valve are equipped in venthole
Make gas that can only flow to upper plenum from lower cavity through venthole；The pressurizing device passes through the pipeline and piston cylinder of piston cylinder bottom
Lower cavity be connected；The pipeline of the piston cylinder bottom is also connected with compression relief cock, to carry out to cavity gas under piston cylinder
Pressure release.
The utility model compared with prior art, remarkable advantage:
(1) the hoodle array high speed ejection device of the utility model, using high pressure gas as driving source, compared to explosive
Driving, improves the safety and the feature of environmental protection of test, the experimental study for the development underground explosion effect of related fields provides
It greatly facilitates；
(2) the hoodle array high speed ejection device of the utility model, first piston act on high-speed motion in high pressure gas, when
After rupture of diaphragm, achievees the effect that sealing embedded in gun tube upper end, so that only a small amount of high pressure gas acts on hoodle, keep away
Exempt from a large amount of high pressure gas in piston cylinder and entered housing, so that the emission rate quantification of hoodle measures, improves reality
Test measurement accuracy；
(3) the hoodle array high speed ejection device of the utility model has high efficiency, low pollution, occupies little space, operates
Convenience, stabilized ejection, repeatability are good, require on-the-ground test condition relatively low.
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the hoodle array high speed ejection apparatus structure schematic diagram of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is that enlarged diagram is connected at the top of gun tube.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model and technical purpose, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is to this reality
It is described further with novel.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of hoodle array high speed ejection device of the utility model, including pressurizing device, piston cylinder 5,
One piston 11, elastic component 6, the first sealing ring 12, second piston 13, gun tube 14, diaphragm 15, housing 17, hoodle 18, pressure release are opened
It closes；
5 top of piston cylinder is equipped with through-hole, and through-hole is connected with gun tube 14, is connected inside 14 bottom of gun tube and piston cylinder 5
It is logical；14 top of gun tube is fixed with housing 17, and housing 17 is equipped with multiple launch holes, is filled with hoodle 18 in launch hole；Institute
It states second piston 13 to be arranged in gun tube 14, can be slided up and down in gun tube 14；The diaphragm 15 setting in 14 upper end of gun tube, with
14 upper end of gun tube is sealed；The first piston 11 is arranged in piston cylinder 5, can slide up and down in piston cylinder 5；It is described
11 vertical section of first piston is I-shaped；And lower end surface area is greater than upper surface area；11 lower end of first piston is equipped with bullet
Property part 6, elastic component 6 pushes up 11 upper end of first piston and contacts with 5 upper end inner wall of piston cylinder, and 11 upper end of first piston and work
The first sealing ring 12 is equipped between plug cylinder 5, the first sealing ring 12 is sealed 5 top through-hole of piston cylinder；The first piston
5 internal cavities of piston cylinder are divided into upper and lower two cavitys by 11 lower ends；11 lower end of first piston is equipped with venthole 9, ventilation
Hole 9 is connected to two cavitys up and down, and the first check valve 8 is equipped in venthole 9, and the first check valve 8 makes gas can only be from lower cavity
Upper plenum is flowed to through venthole 9；The pressurizing device is connected by the pipeline of 5 bottom of piston cylinder with the lower cavity of piston cylinder 5,
To be filled with high pressure gas to piston cylinder 5；The pipeline of 5 bottom of piston cylinder is also connected with compression relief cock, to the lower sky of piston cylinder 5
Chamber gas carries out pressure release.
Further, 11 lower end of first piston and 5 inner wall of piston cylinder cooperate, the first piston 11 and piston cylinder 5
Between be equipped with guiding mechanism, to guarantee sliding stability of the first piston 11 in piston cylinder 5.
As an implementation, the guiding mechanism is guide plate, and the guide plate 10 is fixed on the overhead of piston cylinder 5
Intracavitary, the guide plate 10 is equipped with pilot hole and multiple ventholes；Cooperate among the first piston 11 with pilot hole, it can edge
Pilot hole slides up and down, and venthole is not separated with the upper plenum for guaranteeing piston cylinder 5 by guide plate 10.
Alternatively embodiment, the guiding mechanism are guide ring；The guide ring is arranged in 5 upper end of piston cylinder
It is internal；Guide ring is axial axially coaxial with 5 upper end through-hole of piston cylinder；The 11 upper end outer wall of first piston and guide ring inner wall paste
It closes, 11 upper end of first piston can slide up and down in guide ring.
In other embodiment, the guiding mechanism is guide rod, and the guide rod is arranged in 5 upper end of piston cylinder
Inside has extended downwardly guide rod from 5 upper wall of piston cylinder, and 11 upper end of first piston is equipped with pilot hole, and pilot hole is located at
Outside first sealing ring 12, the pilot hole of guide rod and first piston 11 cooperates, and first piston 11 can be slided up and down along guide rod.
Further, the pressurizing device includes high pressure gas cylinder 1, pressure reducing valve 2, second one-way valve 4；The high pressure gas cylinder 1
It is connected through pressure reducing valve 2 with second one-way valve 4, the second one-way valve 4 is connected with the pipeline of 5 bottom of piston cylinder.High pressure gas cylinder 1
High pressure gas is after the decompression of pressure reducing valve 2, by second one-way valve 4 to filling out high pressure gas in piston cylinder 5.
Further, the hoodle array high speed ejection device is additionally provided with pressure measuring unit, is filled out with accurately detecting pressurizing device
The gas pressure filled.
In some embodiments, the pressure measuring unit is pressure gauge 3, and the escape pipe after pressure reducing valve 2 is arranged in pressure gauge 3
On.
In other embodiment, the pressure measuring unit is pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor setting is subtracting
The pipeline of escape pipe, 5 bottom of piston cylinder after pressure valve 2 is connected with 5 internal cavities of piston cylinder.
Preferably, the compression relief cock includes solenoid valve 19, switch 20；The pipe of the solenoid valve 19 and 5 bottom of piston cylinder
Road is connected；20 pairs of 19 power on/off of solenoid valve of the switch realize the releasing pressure automatically to gas in piston cylinder 5 by solenoid valve 19.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, further, the gun tube 14 is gradually reduced close to the upper end diameter of diaphragm or 14 upper end of gun tube is set
The cone 16 for having upward diameter to be gradually reduced, when so that second piston 13 being moved upwards along gun tube 14, second piston 13 is due to height
After speed moves across diaphragm 15, the high pressure gas of 13 bottom of second piston is avoided to reach sealing effect embedded in 14 upper end of gun tube
Body enters in housing 17, to have an impact to test environment parameter, so that the emission rate quantification of hoodle 18 measures, mentions
High experiment measurement accuracy.
Further, 5 bottom of piston cylinder is detachable structure, and to dismantle installation, 5 bottom of piston cylinder is equipped with
Capping is equipped with the second sealing ring 29 and is sealed between capping and cylinder body.
Further, the shape of the hoodle 18 can be the other shapes such as spherical shape, ellipsoid, cylinder, can be in housing
With hemispherical, taper or other shapes of array distribution on 17.
Further, the elastic component 6 is spring or rubber.
When test, high pressure gas cylinder 1 is opened, after filling high pressure gas to rated pressure to piston cylinder 5 by pressurizing device, is closed
Close high pressure gas cylinder 1 and pressure reducing valve 2.High pressure gas is after the first check valve 8 and venthole 9 at this time, full of on first piston 11
Lower two inside cavities, since 11 lower end surface area of first piston is greater than upper surface area, first piston 11 makes first upwards
Sealing ring 12 is in impaction state, thus sealing piston cylinder 5.It turns on the switch 20, starts solenoid valve 19, in 5 lower chamber of piston cylinder
High pressure gas through 19 quick release of solenoid valve, due to the effect of the first check valve 8, the intracorporal high pressure gas of 5 epicoele of piston cylinder
It can not be flowed out by stomata 9, first piston 11 quick slide downward and compression elastic piece 6 under huge differential pressure action are lived at this time
The intracorporal high pressure gas of 5 epicoele of plug cylinder is sprayed from the top of first piston 11, drives the upward high-speed motion of second piston 13, thus
It compresses 14 internal gas of gun tube and generates two-stage compression gas, when high pressure gas reaches Rupture of Membrane pressure in gun tube 14,15 quilt of diaphragm
After crushing, 18 high speed ejection of hoodle inside housing 17 completes emission test.It can also vacuumize inside gun tube 14 to reduce big gun
Pressure inside pipe 14, and then improve the compression speed of second piston 13.
The hoodle array high speed ejection device of the utility model is driven using high pressure gas as driving source compared to explosive
It is dynamic, the safety and the feature of environmental protection of test are improved, the experimental study for the development underground explosion effect of related fields provides pole
Big convenience；By adjusting in gun tube 14 pressure and second piston 13 along 14 upward high-speed motion of gun tube when, be embedded in gun tube
14 upper ends reach sealing effect, and the only high pressure gas in gun tube 14 acts on hoodle 18, avoid a large amount of in piston cylinder 5
High pressure gas enter housing 18 so that the emission rate quantification of hoodle measures, improve experiment measurement accuracy.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hoodle array high speed ejection device, which is characterized in that including pressurizing device, piston cylinder (5), first piston
(11), elastic component (6), the first sealing ring (12), second piston (13), gun tube (14), diaphragm (15), housing (17), hoodle
(18), compression relief cock；
Piston cylinder (5) top is equipped with through-hole, and through-hole is connected with gun tube (14), and gun tube (14) bottom and piston cylinder (5) are internal
It is connected；Gun tube (14) top is fixed with housing (17), and housing (17) is equipped with multiple launch holes, is filled in launch hole
Hoodle (18)；Second piston (13) setting can slide up and down in gun tube (14) in gun tube (14)；The diaphragm (15)
It is arranged in gun tube (14) upper end, to be sealed to gun tube (14) upper end；The first piston (11) is arranged in piston cylinder (5)
It is interior, it can be slided up and down in piston cylinder (5)；First piston (11) vertical section is I-shaped；And lower end surface area is greater than upper
Face area；First piston (11) lower end is equipped with elastic component (6), and elastic component (6) pushes up first piston (11) upper end
It is contacted with piston cylinder (5) upper end inner wall, and is equipped with the first sealing ring (12) between first piston (11) upper end and piston cylinder (5),
First sealing ring (12) is sealed piston cylinder (5) top through-hole；First piston (11) lower end is internal by piston cylinder (5)
Cavity is divided into upper and lower two cavitys；First piston (11) lower end is equipped with venthole (9), and venthole (9) will be upper and lower empty
Chamber connection, and the first check valve (8) are equipped in venthole (9), the first check valve (8) makes gas can only be from lower cavity through venthole
(9) upper plenum is flowed to；The pressurizing device is connected by the pipeline of piston cylinder (5) bottom with the lower cavity of piston cylinder (5)；Institute
The pipeline for stating piston cylinder (5) bottom is also connected with compression relief cock, to carry out pressure release to cavity gas under piston cylinder (5).
2. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first piston (11) is under
End cooperates with piston cylinder (5) inner wall, is equipped between the first piston (11) and piston cylinder (5) and guarantees first piston (11) in work
The guiding mechanism of sliding stability in plug cylinder (5).
3. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the guiding mechanism is guiding
Plate, the guide plate (10) are fixed in the upper plenum of piston cylinder (5), and the guide plate (10) is equipped with pilot hole and multiple logical
Stomata；The first piston (11) is intermediate to be cooperated with pilot hole, can be slided up and down along pilot hole.
4. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the guiding mechanism is guiding
Ring；The guide ring is arranged inside piston cylinder (5) upper end；Guide ring is axial axially coaxial with piston cylinder (5) upper end through-hole；Institute
It states first piston (11) upper end outer wall to be bonded with guide ring inner wall, first piston (11) upper end upper in guide ring can glide
It is dynamic.
5. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the guiding mechanism is guiding
Bar, the guide rod are arranged inside piston cylinder (5) upper end, have extended downwardly guide rod from piston cylinder (5) upper wall, and described first
Piston (11) upper end is equipped with pilot hole, and pilot hole is located at outside the first sealing ring (12), guide rod and first piston (11)
Pilot hole cooperation, first piston (11) can be slided up and down along guide rod.
6. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressurizing device includes high pressure
Gas cylinder (1), pressure reducing valve (2), second one-way valve (4)；The high pressure gas cylinder (1) is through pressure reducing valve (2) and second one-way valve (4) phase
Even, the second one-way valve (4) is connected with the pipeline of piston cylinder (5) bottom.
7. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with detection pressurizing device and fill out
The pressure measuring unit of the gas pressure filled.
8. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the pressure measuring unit is pressure gauge
(3) or pressure sensor.
9. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the compression relief cock includes electromagnetism
Valve (19), switch (20)；The solenoid valve (19) is connected with the pipeline of piston cylinder (5) bottom；The switch (20) is to solenoid valve
(19) power on/off.
10. hoodle array high speed ejection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the gun tube (14) is close to film
The upward diameter in upper end of piece (15) is gradually reduced or gun tube (14) upper end is equipped with the cone (16) that upward diameter is gradually reduced, and is made
Second piston (13) when being moved upwards along gun tube (14), second piston (13) is embedded in gun tube (14) upper end.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821568978.8U CN208833282U (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2018-09-26 | High-speed ejection device for marble array |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821568978.8U CN208833282U (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2018-09-26 | High-speed ejection device for marble array |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN208833282U true CN208833282U (en) | 2019-05-07 |
Family
ID=66316975
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821568978.8U Active CN208833282U (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2018-09-26 | High-speed ejection device for marble array |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN208833282U (en) |
-
2018
- 2018-09-26 CN CN201821568978.8U patent/CN208833282U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109211305A (en) | High-speed ejection device for marble array | |
| CN108801816A (en) | A kind of big equivalent underground shallow buried explosion effect simulator | |
| CN105527177B (en) | A kind of deep rock mass explosion seism disturbance simulation experiment method and device | |
| CN109945740B (en) | Novel two-level light air gun driven by high-pressure air | |
| CN106442177B (en) | Air cannon with quick closing function and use method thereof | |
| CN207336262U (en) | A kind of big equivalent underground shallow buried explosion effect simulator | |
| US4049367A (en) | Apparatus for generating shock waves by means of a supersonic projectile | |
| CN106353180B (en) | Explosion wave simulation device with adjustable positive pressure acting time | |
| CN106353206B (en) | Quick closing device for air cannon | |
| CN109142102B (en) | Explosion source device for simulating explosion effect | |
| CN109142103B (en) | Large-equivalent underground explosion effect simulation device | |
| CN208833282U (en) | High-speed ejection device for marble array | |
| CN209231128U (en) | Explosion source device for simulating explosion effect | |
| CN209231127U (en) | Large-equivalent underground explosion effect simulation device | |
| CN112666012B (en) | Deep rock mass ground of explosion strikes disturbance analogue test device | |
| CN108801067A (en) | A kind of quick-fried source device for simulated explosion effect | |
| CN206919758U (en) | A kind of quick-fried source device for simulated explosion effect | |
| CN103007471B (en) | Air bag buffered high pressure gas water shell firing device | |
| CN110007059A (en) | Bump breaks coal containing methane gas experimental system for simulating and broken coal experimental method | |
| CN204439457U (en) | The sealing ring of piston in a kind of pneumatic type Hopkinson equipment emitter | |
| CN105527182B (en) | A kind of blast load simulative generator for simulating deep rock mass stress | |
| CN205958219U (en) | Simulation hail emitter for impact test | |
| CN110631425B (en) | Gas-filled cracking tube in hole | |
| CN104713771A (en) | Launcher of Hopkinson equipment | |
| CN204389281U (en) | A kind of emitter of Hopkinson equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |