CN208556394U - A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus - Google Patents

A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN208556394U
CN208556394U CN201821135314.2U CN201821135314U CN208556394U CN 208556394 U CN208556394 U CN 208556394U CN 201821135314 U CN201821135314 U CN 201821135314U CN 208556394 U CN208556394 U CN 208556394U
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China
Prior art keywords
welding
composite welding
ultrasonic
ultrasonic wave
workbench
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201821135314.2U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
彭和
蒋显全
王浦全
杨浩
张睿豪
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Southwest University
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Southwest University
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Publication of CN208556394U publication Critical patent/CN208556394U/en
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, comprising: device base, composite welding component and weldment clamping device;The composite welding component is mounted on the top of the workbench of device base, and weldment clamping device is installed on the workbench, and weldment clamping device can be gone up and down;Composite welding component includes control cabinet, ultrasonic transducer, amplitude transformer and soldering tip;The upper end of ultrasonic transducer is mounted on inside control cabinet, and the lower end of ultrasonic transducer connects amplitude transformer, and the lower end of amplitude transformer connects soldering tip, soldering tip built-in electromagnetic coil;The composite welding apparatus, which is able to achieve, is ultrasonically bonded to being quickly converted for electromagnetic pulse welding, ultrasonic softening is carried out first with welding position of the ultrasonic energy to two block welding plates and removes oxide film dissolving, the instantaneous high pressure electromagnetic force that electromagnetic coil generates is applied to welding position again, makes welding position soldering.Utility model device is able to satisfy the welding requirements of heterogeneous material plate, can improve the stability of institute's welded plates.

Description

A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus
Technical field
The utility model belongs to welding technology field, and in particular to a kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus.
Background technique
Welding is the system of a kind of jointing metal in a manner of heating, high temperature or high pressure or other thermoplastic materials such as plastics Make technique and technology.The purpose of engagement is reached in welding by following three approach: first, melting welding, heating the workpiece for being intended to engage makes Be partially melting to form molten bath, just engaged after the cooled and solidified of molten bath, can be added when necessary it is molten fill out object auxiliary, it is to be suitble to various gold Belong to the welding processing with alloy, is not required to pressure;Second, pressure welding, the necessary butt-welding fitting of welding process applies pressure, belongs to various metals The processing of material and part metals material;Third, soldering, does solder using metal material more low-melting than base material, utilizes liquid Solder wetting base material fills play movement, and diffuses into one another realization with base material and link weldment, and the welding for being suitable for a variety of materials adds Work is also suitable for the welding processing of different metal or foreign peoples's material.There are many kinds of the energy sources of modern times welding, including gas Flame, electric arc, laser, electron beam, friction and ultrasonic wave etc..Welding can be divided into solid State Welding again and melt welding.Melt welding It is be easy to cause crackle, stomata, contraction chamber, gap etc. when welding light metal, heat affected area is larger, causes welding quality unstable Fixed, the residual stress of welding is larger, reduces material stiffness and fatigue life.And solid State Welding especially ultrasonic bonding and electromagnetism Impulse welding can effectively avoid the generation of defect.Therefore with the development of industry, ultrasonic welding technique and electromagnetic pulse welding Technology is gradually risen and fast development.
Ultrasonic bonding is to make welding workpiece by the mechanical oscillation (20kHz ~ 50kHz) of high frequency and constant static pressure Interface is made the weld interface of material especially material generate plastic deformation, weld interface will be shorter by biggish shearing force Time in rapidly heat up, so that workpiece be made to reach the state of solid diffusivity.Research finds that ultrasonic energy promotes atomic motion to add Speed forms more holes, melting point metal is promoted to reduce, and has the function of ultrasound softening.And the ultrasonic bonding time is short, energy It is high to measure utilization rate, it is more friendly to environment, it is the ideal welding manner of light metal welding.But current ultrasonic bonding can only weld With a thickness of 3mm material below, and the intensity welded is relatively low, is suitble to the thin thin pieces such as welding wire, foil, piece at present.
Electromagnetic pulse welding technique is the shock generated using high-voltage electricity magnetic force in moment, keeps one kind of two weldment soldering new Type welding, welding process it is instantaneous complete, it is pollution-free, dissimilar metal and metal and nonmetallic welding can be carried out, welding is strong It spends higher;But electromagnetic pulse welding technique requires the surface of cleaning welding workpiece, avoids adsorption layer or the oxidation of workpiece surface The influence of layer welding quality, welding also has certain requirement to the thickness of workpiece, than conveniently welding Al and Al material, Cu and Cu Plate, but the welding of Mg and Cu, Mg and Fe are more difficult.
In conjunction with the prior art, ultrasonic welding technique and electromagnetic pulse welding technique are welding of the same race or heterogeneous material workpiece When existing defects, both welding methods respectively require the material of welding workpiece, and the scope of application is restricted.However it is ultrasonic Wave soldering, which connects, welds the welding technique combined with electromagnetic pulse, can either soften and go the function of oxide film dissolving using ultrasound, again Superpower welding performance can be welded using electromagnetic pulse, guarantee welding quality, weldment is made to be suitable for carrier on a large scale.Together When, due to the effect of ultrasound softening, it be improved the utilization rate of welding energy can, saved the energy.In addition, existing welding Device is gripping aspect existing defects to welding workpiece, and clamping workpiece is not easy to cause workpiece variation when welding, thus Influence welding quality.
Utility model content
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse Combined Welding is hinged with It sets, the composite welding apparatus combination ultrasonic bonding and electromagnetic pulse are welded, in the weldering that welded plates are applied with ultrasonic energy Head built-in electromagnetic coil, composite welding process realize rapid welding, install the weldering that can be gone up and down on workbench without converting soldering tip Part clamping device, it is ensured that the clamping during composite welding to welded plates prevents welded plates in welding process from deviating, weldering The height for connecing clamping device adjustable grips requirement with meet the welded plates of different-thickness;Pass through the composite welding apparatus Ultrasonic softening can be carried out first with welding position of the ultrasonic energy to two block welding plates, so that weld interface is generated plasticity and become Shape is to reach the state of solid diffusivity, then applies the instantaneous high pressure electricity that electromagnetic coil generates to the welding position of two block welding plates Magnetic force is formed welding position soldering, the stabilization of the welding position of two block welding plates is improved using the composite welding apparatus Property.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, comprising: device base, composite welding component and weldment clamping Device;Described device base includes the leading axle of workbench and fixed installation on the table, and composite welding component utilizes guidance Axis is mounted on the top of workbench, and composite welding component can go up and down along leading axle and utilize the fixed position of locking knob, weldment Clamping device is installed on the workbench;The composite welding component includes control cabinet, ultrasonic transducer, amplitude transformer and soldering tip; The front surface of the control cabinet of the composite welding component is provided with intelligent control panel, and the upper end of ultrasonic transducer is mounted on control The inside of case processed, the lower end of ultrasonic transducer connect amplitude transformer, and the lower end of amplitude transformer connects soldering tip, soldering tip in-built electrical magnet-wire The pulse cumulative capacitor installed in circle, electromagnetic coil and control cabinet is electrically connected;The external ultrasonic power of ultrasonic transducer, Pulse cumulative capacitor external charge power supply is provided with ultrasonic power switch between ultrasonic power and ultrasonic transducer, It is provided with high pressure gap discharge switch between pulse cumulative capacitor and electromagnetic coil, ultrasonic wave is controlled by intelligent control panel The folding of power switch and high pressure gap discharge switch.
Further, weld nest is provided on the workbench, weld nest is located at the underface of soldering tip.
Further, the weldment clamping device includes the electric up-down for going up and down clamper and control lifting clamper lifting Device.
Further, the lifting clamper include the lower platform pedestal that is fixedly connected by two cylinders and upper mounting plate plate and The movable pressing board installed between lower platform pedestal and upper mounting plate plate, movable pressing board can be moved up and down along cylinder, and upper mounting plate plate is equipped with For installing the tapped through hole of adjustable stud, one end of stud passes through upper mounting plate plate and the upper surface of movable pressing board offsets;Instantly When being clamped with welded plates between platform base and movable pressing board, the upper end that stud makes stud suppress movable pressing board is rotated, with This grips welded plates.
Further, the lower platform pedestal is fixedly connected with the multi-stage motor push rod of electric elevator, and multi-stage motor pushes away Bar is mounted on the pedestal of electric elevator, and the pedestal and workbench of electric elevator are fastenedly connected by screw.
Further, the electric elevator is external wired or wireless controller, wired or wireless controller control are electronic The multi-stage motor push rod of lifter is flexible, and the flexible lifting that can drive lower platform pedestal of multi-stage motor push rod is wired or wireless Controller can control electric elevator to realize the crawl lifting or pre-set value lifting of lifting clamper.
Further, it there are two the weldment clamping devices, is symmetrically installed on the table, clamps two block welding plates respectively Part;It needs the weld interface of two block welding plates to be in contact during ultrasonic bonding, needs two in electromagnetic pulse welding process The weld interface of block welding plate has spacing distance, and two weldment clamping devices can be utilized respectively wired or wireless controller control System lifting can pass through the climb of the default upper welded plates of wired or wireless controller.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the ultrasonic wave of the utility model and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, energy Two block welding plates enough are fixed using weldment gripping apparatus grips, it is ensured that the stabilization of welded plates during composite welding, welding What the height of clamping device was adjustable to meet the welded plates of different-thickness grips requirement;The composite welding apparatus first with Ultrasonic energy carries out ultrasonic softening to the welding position of two block welding plates and removes the oxidation film of weld interface, by default The climb of upper welded plates can be realized upper welded plates in the conversion process of ultrasonic bonding and electromagnetic pulse welding Rapid increase, the requirements of spacing distance of two block welding plates when meeting electromagnetic pulse welding, then the weldering to two block welding plates Socket part position applies the instantaneous high pressure electromagnetic force that electromagnetic coil generates, and the welding position moment of welded plates is made to hit lower welded plate The welding position of part, the welding position soldering molding of two welded plates;Ultrasonic bonding is converted to the process of electromagnetic pulse welding No replacement is required soldering tip is effectively saved weld interval, and the issuable oxidation film in welded plates surface obtains after ultrasonic wave softening Effectively containment, can improve welding quality;Using ultrasonic wave and two block welding plate of electromagnetic pulse composite welding, difference can satisfy Welding requirements between the welded plates of material, it is applied widely, it is able to solve Mg and and Cu, Mg and Fe welding more difficulty The problem of, when being able to solve single ultrasonic bonding or single electromagnetic pulse welding the problem of poor welding quality, it can be improved two pieces of welderings The stability of the welding position of fishplate bar part.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be right in order to illustrate more clearly of specific embodiment of the present invention or technical solution in the prior art Specific embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.In all the appended drawings, similar Element or part are generally identified by similar appended drawing reference.In attached drawing, each element or part might not be according to actual ratios It draws.
Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is the main view of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the left view of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the schematic view of the front view of the soldering tip of the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the left view structural representation of the soldering tip of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the schematic view of the front view of the weldment clamping device of the utility model;
Fig. 7 is the left view structural representation of the weldment clamping device of the utility model;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the utility model.
In attached drawing: 1- device base, 11- workbench, 12- leading axle, 13- locking knob, 14- weld nest, 2- composite welding Component, 21- control cabinet, 22- ultrasonic transducer, 23- amplitude transformer, 24- soldering tip, 25- intelligent control panel, 26- electromagnetic coil, 27- pulse cumulative capacitor, 28- ultrasonic power, 29- charge power supply, 3- weldment clamping device, 4- goes up and down clamper, under 41- Platform base, 42- upper mounting plate plate, 43- movable pressing board, 44- cylinder, 45- stud, 5- electric elevator, 51- multi-stage motor push away Bar, 52- pedestal, 53- screw, 6- welded plates, the upper welded plates of 61-, 71- ultrasonic power switch, 72- high pressure gap discharge Switch.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment of the attached drawing to technical solutions of the utility model.Following embodiment is only For clearly illustrating the technical solution of the utility model, therefore it is only used as example, and it is originally practical to cannot be used as a limitation limitation Novel protection scope.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the instruction such as term "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower" Orientation or positional relationship be to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description the utility model and letter Change description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with specific orientation construct and Operation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
As shown in figures 1-8, a kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, comprising: device base 1, composite welding Component 2 and weldment clamping device 3;Described device base 1 includes workbench 11 and the leading axle being fixedly mounted on workbench 11 12;The composite welding component 2 is mounted on the top of workbench 11 using leading axle 12, and composite welding component 2 can be along guidance Axis 12 goes up and down and utilizes the fixed position of locking knob 13;The composite welding component 2 includes control cabinet 21, ultrasonic transducer 22, amplitude transformer 23 and soldering tip 24;The front surface of the control cabinet 21 of the composite welding component 2 is provided with intelligent control panel 25, The external PLC controller of intelligent control panel 25 is able to achieve turn that device respectively switchs by operating on intelligent control panel 25 It changes, realizes disconnection or connection, lifting of device building block of circuit etc.;The upper end of ultrasonic transducer 22 is mounted on control cabinet 21 inside, the lower end of ultrasonic transducer 22 connect amplitude transformer 23, and the lower end of amplitude transformer 23 connects soldering tip 24, built in soldering tip 24 The pulse cumulative capacitor 27 installed in electromagnetic coil 26, electromagnetic coil 26 and control cabinet 21 is electrically connected;Ultrasonic transducer 22 external ultrasonic powers 28,27 external charge power supply 29 of pulse cumulative capacitor, ultrasonic power 28 and ultrasonic transducer It is provided with ultrasonic power switch 71 between 22, is provided with high pressure gap between pulse cumulative capacitor 27 and electromagnetic coil 26 and puts Electric switch 72 can control the folding of ultrasonic power switch 71 and high pressure gap discharge switch 72 by intelligent control panel 25; It is provided with weld nest 14 on workbench 11 immediately below the soldering tip 24, is symmetrically installed on the workbench 11 of the left and right sides of weld nest 14 There are two weldment clamping device 3, two weldment clamping devices 3 are respectively used to two block welding plates 6 of clamping;The weldment clamping dress Setting 3 includes the electric elevator 5 that lifting clamper 4 and control lifting clamper 4 are gone up and down;The lifting clamper 4 includes by two It is installed between a lower platform pedestal 41 being fixedly connected of cylinder 44 and upper mounting plate plate 42 and lower platform pedestal 41 and upper mounting plate plate 42 Movable pressing board 43, movable pressing board 43 can move up and down along cylinder 44, and upper mounting plate plate 42 is equipped with for installing adjustable stud 45 One end of tapped through hole, stud 45 passes through upper mounting plate plate 42 and the upper surface of movable pressing board 43 offsets;Lower platform pedestal 41 and electricity The multi-stage motor push rod 51 of dynamic lifter 5 is fixedly connected, and multi-stage motor push rod 51 is mounted on the pedestal 52 of electric elevator 5, The pedestal 52 of electric elevator 5 is fastenedly connected with workbench 11 by screw 53;Electric elevator 5 is external wired or wireless control The multi-stage motor push rod 51 of device, wired or wireless controller control electric elevator 5 is flexible, the flexible energy of multi-stage motor push rod 51 Drive the lifting of lower platform pedestal 41.
As one embodiment of the utility model, a kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus are installed and are adjusted Composite welding apparatus has been tried, using lifting clamper 4 and electric elevator 5 two blocks of plates 6 to be welded installation has been clamped into respectively, made The weld interface of two block welding plates is in contact, it is ensured that the stabilization of two block welding plates 6 during composite welding presets upper welding The climb of plate is 1mm, and adjusting soldering tip 24 contacts it with upper welded plates 61, and ultrasonic transducer 22 connects ultrasonic wave Power supply 28, pulse cumulative capacitor 27 connect charge power supply 29;It is closed ultrasonic power switch 71, ultrasonic transducer 22 passes through Amplitude transformer 23 is that soldering tip 24 transmits vibrational energy, carries out ultrasonic softening using welding position of the ultrasonic wave to two block welding plates 6 And remove the oxidation film of weld interface;Ultrasonic power switch 71 is cut off, electric up-down is controlled by wired or wireless controller Device 5 makes welded plates 61 rise 1mm, to reach the requirements of spacing distance when welding of two block welding plates, 6 electromagnetic pulse, opens High pressure gap discharge switch 72 makes electromagnetic coil 26 repid discharge of the pulse cumulative capacitor 27 into soldering tip 24, electricity in soldering tip 24 The welding of welded plates under the instantaneous high pressure electromagnetic force that magnetic coil 26 generates hits the welding position moment of welded plates 61 Position, the welding position soldering molding of two block welding plates 6.
In the specification of the utility model, numerous specific details are set forth.It is to be appreciated, however, that the reality of the utility model Applying example can practice without these specific details.In some instances, well known method, knot is not been shown in detail Structure and technology, so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.
Finally, it should be noted that above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than its limitations; Although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: It can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment, or to some or all of the technical features It is equivalently replaced;And these are modified or replaceed, the utility model embodiment that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of technical solution should all cover in the claim of the utility model and the range of specification.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus characterized by comprising device base (1), composite welding group Part (2) and weldment clamping device (3);Described device base (1) includes workbench (11) and is fixedly mounted on workbench (11) Leading axle (12), composite welding component (2) is mounted on the tops of workbench (11), composite welding component using leading axle (12) (2) it can be gone up and down along leading axle (12) and fix position using locking knob (13), weldment clamping device (3) is mounted on workbench (11) on;The composite welding component (2) includes control cabinet (21), ultrasonic transducer (22), amplitude transformer (23) and soldering tip (24);The front surface of the control cabinet (21) of the composite welding component (2) is provided with intelligent control panel (25), ultrasonic wave transducer The upper end of device (22) is mounted on the inside of control cabinet (21), and the lower end of ultrasonic transducer (22) connects amplitude transformer (23), luffing The lower end of bar (23) connects soldering tip (24), soldering tip (24) built-in electromagnetic coil (26), in electromagnetic coil (26) and control cabinet (21) Pulse cumulative capacitor (27) be electrically connected;Ultrasonic transducer (22) external ultrasonic power (28), pulse cumulative capacitor Device (27) external charge power supply (29), is provided with ultrasonic power between ultrasonic power (28) and ultrasonic transducer (22) and opens It closes (71), high pressure gap discharge switch (72) is provided between pulse cumulative capacitor (27) and electromagnetic coil (26), passes through intelligence It can control the folding of panel (25) control ultrasonic power switch (71) and high pressure gap discharge switch (72).
2. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, it is characterised in that: the work It is provided on platform (11) weld nest (14), weld nest (14) is located at the underface of soldering tip (24).
3. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, it is characterised in that: the weldment Clamping device (3) includes the electric elevator (5) of lifting clamper (4) and control lifting clamper (4) lifting.
4. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 3 and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, it is characterised in that: the lifting Clamper (4) includes the lower platform pedestal (41) and upper mounting plate plate (42) and lower platform pedestal being fixedly connected by two cylinders (44) (41) movable pressing board (43) installed between upper mounting plate plate (42), movable pressing board (43) can be moved up and down along cylinder (44), on Platform board (42) is equipped with tapped through hole for installing adjustable stud (45), one end of stud (45) pass through upper mounting plate plate (42) with The upper surface of movable pressing board (43) offsets.
5. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 4 and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, it is characterised in that: described lower flat Sewing platform base (41) is fixedly connected with the multi-stage motor push rod (51) of electric elevator (5), and multi-stage motor push rod (51) is mounted on electricity On the pedestal (52) of dynamic lifter (5), the pedestal (52) of electric elevator (5) and workbench (11) are connected by screw (53) fastening It connects.
6. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 5 and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, it is characterised in that: described electronic Lifter (5) is external wired or wireless controller, wired or wireless controller control the multi-stage motor push rod of electric elevator (5) (51) it stretches, the flexible lifting that can drive lower platform pedestal (41) of multi-stage motor push rod (51).
7. a kind of ultrasonic wave according to claim 6 and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus, it is characterised in that: the weldment There are two clamping devices (3), is symmetrically mounted on workbench (11), clamps two block welding plates (6) respectively.
CN201821135314.2U 2018-07-18 2018-07-18 A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN208556394U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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CN201821135314.2U CN208556394U (en) 2018-07-18 2018-07-18 A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus

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CN201821135314.2U CN208556394U (en) 2018-07-18 2018-07-18 A kind of ultrasonic wave and electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109940299A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-28 西南大学 A kind of the electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus and complex welding method of resistance heat auxiliary
CN110902648A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-03-24 太原科技大学 Ultrasonic auxiliary anodic bonding device and method for polymer electrolyte and metal
CN111745032A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-10-09 厦门大学 Electromagnetic forming device and method based on ultrasonic assistance
CN113385804A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-14 南昌航空大学 Transition liquid phase auxiliary electromagnetic pulse welding device and method
CN113996908A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-01 湖南大学 Electromagnetic pulse welding device
CN113997574A (en) * 2021-11-01 2022-02-01 南京工程学院 Ultrasonic welding method for fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composite sheet

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109940299A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-28 西南大学 A kind of the electromagnetic pulse composite welding apparatus and complex welding method of resistance heat auxiliary
CN110902648A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-03-24 太原科技大学 Ultrasonic auxiliary anodic bonding device and method for polymer electrolyte and metal
CN110902648B (en) * 2019-12-06 2023-01-17 太原科技大学 Ultrasonic auxiliary anodic bonding device and method for polymer electrolyte and metal
CN111745032A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-10-09 厦门大学 Electromagnetic forming device and method based on ultrasonic assistance
CN113385804A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-14 南昌航空大学 Transition liquid phase auxiliary electromagnetic pulse welding device and method
CN113997574A (en) * 2021-11-01 2022-02-01 南京工程学院 Ultrasonic welding method for fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composite sheet
CN113996908A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-01 湖南大学 Electromagnetic pulse welding device

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Granted publication date: 20190301

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