CN208387282U - Northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system - Google Patents
Northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN208387282U CN208387282U CN201820987159.0U CN201820987159U CN208387282U CN 208387282 U CN208387282 U CN 208387282U CN 201820987159 U CN201820987159 U CN 201820987159U CN 208387282 U CN208387282 U CN 208387282U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating systems, including electric control gear, storage drainage system, water transfer pipe network and pouring mechanism；It stores drainage system and provides liquid manure by water transfer pipe network to pour mechanism, pour mechanism and be used to carry out trickle irrigation to fruit tree；Storing drainage system includes that main reservoir, on the sunny side auxiliary water storage pond and back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) help reservoir；The bottom in each auxiliary water storage pond is connected separately with auxiliary pond outlet pipe, and each auxiliary pond outlet pipe is connected with main reservoir downwards；Water transfer pipe network includes water delivery main pipe, and water delivery main pipe is connected with several delivery pipe branches, and each delivery pipe branch is connected with several end pipelines, and each tip tube road is respectively equipped with Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve；Pouring mechanism includes soil humidity sensor, the chemical sensor for monitoring soil and fertilizer concentration, drip irrigation hole and water-dropper；The utility model water and fertilizer utilization rate is high, and it is uniform that fruit tree root system obtains water, convenient in water plus fertilizer, and prevents liquid manure overflow at fertilizer delivering pipe from going out.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to agricultural and hydrotechnics field more particularly to a kind of mountain area fruit tree irrigation systems.
Background technique
Northern China Drought Mountain Area water resource lacks, and agricultural production conditions are poor, and rainfall is less, and rainfall spatial and temporal distributions are not
, flush period is concentrated, and the 75%-85% of annual precipitation concentrates on 6-9 month, frequent occurrence spring drought and autumn drought phenomenon.Moreover, mountain
Area's topography changes greatly, with a varied topography, is unfavorable for building remote pumping plant water delivery engineering.
Mountain area groundwater resources development is difficult, and 100-200 meters of most area well depth, some reaches 300-400 meters, does
Non-irrigated mountain area well-digging difficulty, somewhat expensive, when meeting formation geology condition, expense of digging a well is with high costs at 1,000,000 yuan or more.Separately
Outside, traditional pouring mode is ground flood irrigation, and water resource waste is serious, increases the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource.Ground flood irrigation is poured
Filling mode, contained fertilizer is wasted with the waste of water resource in water, increases cost.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop, a kind of cost is relatively low, convenient for saving water in Collection utilization rainwater, use, be suitable for me
The irrigation system of state north Drought Mountain Area.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, convenient for according to
Second priority carries out trickle irrigation operation using the water in the most fast auxiliary water storage pond of evaporation rate, and water and fertilizer utilization rate is high, and fruit tree root system obtains
Water is uniform, convenient in water plus fertile, and prevents liquid manure overflow at fertilizer delivering pipe from going out.
To achieve the above object, the northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system of the utility model includes automatically controlled
Device stores drainage system, water transfer pipe network and pours mechanism；It stores drainage system and provides liquid manure by water transfer pipe network to pour mechanism,
Mechanism is poured to be used to carry out trickle irrigation to fruit tree；
Store that drainage system includes the main reservoir being all provided on hillside, N number of auxiliary water storage pond and M back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) help storage on the sunny side
Pond, N and M are natural number；Respectively auxiliary water storage pond and each back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) help reservoir to be above main reservoir on the sunny side；
Main reservoir is higher than irrigated area；
The auxiliary water storage pond that respectively faces south successively is numbered from high to low, highest auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is the 1st auxiliary
Reservoir is helped, minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N auxiliary water storage pond；
Reservoir is helped successively to be numbered from high to low each back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38), it is N+1 that highest back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38), which helps reservoir,
Auxiliary water storage pond, minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N+M auxiliary water storage pond；
The bottom in the 1st auxiliary water storage pond to N+M auxiliary water storage pond is connected separately with auxiliary pond outlet pipe, auxiliary pond outlet pipe
Upstream end thereof is equipped with water-drainage solenoid valve, and the water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe in the 1st auxiliary water storage pond is the 1st to discharge water electromagnetism
Valve, the water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe in N auxiliary water storage pond are followed successively by N water-drainage solenoid valve, N+M auxiliary water storage pond
Auxiliary pond outlet pipe on water-drainage solenoid valve be followed successively by N+M water-drainage solenoid valve；Each auxiliary pond outlet pipe downwards with main reservoir
It is connected；
It is respectively equipped with auxiliary water level sensor in 1st auxiliary water storage pond to N+M auxiliary water storage pond, is equipped in main reservoir
Main water level sensor；
Water transfer pipe network includes water delivery main pipe, and water delivery main pipe is connected with several delivery pipe branches, and each delivery pipe branch is connected with several
End pipeline, each tip tube road are respectively equipped with Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve；
Pour mechanism include soil humidity sensor, the chemical sensor for monitoring soil and fertilizer concentration, drip irrigation hole and
Water-dropper；The corresponding one plant of fruit tree of each end pipeline, the trunk bottom end periphery of fruit tree are equipped with several drip irrigation holes, each trickle irrigation
Hole is correspondingly arranged on a water-dropper, and each water-dropper at each plant of fruit tree is connected with the end pipeline at the fruit tree respectively；
Each water-dropper is inserted into a drip irrigation hole respectively；Several chemical sensors are equipped in the soil on each fruit tree root periphery
With several for monitoring the soil humidity sensor of soil moisture；
Main columns base is equipped with main pond outlet pipe, and main pond outlet pipe one end is located at main columns base and is connected with main pond
Filter, the other end of main pond outlet pipe stretch out main reservoir and connect the water delivery main pipe；The main pond filter includes shell
Body is equipped at intervals with two layers of horizontally disposed steel wire in shell up and down；The shell upper end is equipped with the opening for water inlet；It is described
Shell upper end is higher than at least 20 centimetres of bottom of pond of main reservoir；Main pond outlet pipe is equipped with supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve；
Main pond outlet pipe has connected up fertilizer delivering pipe at the lateral wall of main reservoir, and fertilizer delivering pipe is equipped with plus fertile electromagnetism
Valve；Main reservoir top side wall is equipped with the storage tank for storing liquid fertilizer, is connected at the top of fertilizer delivering pipe with storing pot bottom；
The electric control gear connects the soil humidity sensor, main water level sensor, each auxiliary water level sensor, the
1 water-drainage solenoid valve is to N+M water-drainage solenoid valve, supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve, each Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve and each chemical sensor；Main water storage
Bottom of pond portion is higher than at least 2 meters of water-dropper of highest point.
The main reservoir and the 1st is to being connected separately with flow structure at the top of N+M auxiliary water storage pond, flow structure
Including overfall dam and the spillway being connected with overfall dam；Auxiliary pond outlet pipe is equipped with auxiliary pond filter.
The trunk bottom end periphery of each plant of fruit tree is equipped with two circle drip irrigation holes, respectively inner ring drip irrigation hole and outer ring drip irrigation hole；
The distance of trunk bottom end 30 of the vertical centerline of inner ring drip irrigation hole apart from fruit tree be 30 ± 2 centimetres, outer ring drip irrigation hole it is vertical
The distance of trunk bottom end 30 of the center line apart from fruit tree is 60 ± 5 centimetres；The quantity of outer ring drip irrigation hole and the number of inner ring drip irrigation hole
Measure identical, the distance between each outer ring drip irrigation hole two inner ring drip irrigation holes adjacent thereto are identical；
Plastic film is covered at the top of drip irrigation hole.
Outer ring drip irrigation hole and inner ring drip irrigation hole are respectively equipped with 3.
The mixture of soil and organic matter is filled in the drip irrigation hole, the mass ratio of organic matter is less than or equal in mixture
15% and be greater than 5%.
The organic matter is crushing straw.
The electric control gear is connected with battery, and battery is connected with solar panel.
The electric control gear is single-chip microcontroller.
The steel wire is 200 mesh steel wires；The side wall and bottom wall of main reservoir are made of cast-in-place concrete and it
Thickness is more than or equal to 15 centimetres.
The electric control gear is connected with for wireless communication module, wireless communication module be the 3G communicated with remote handset or
4G module.
The utility model has the advantage that
The utility model has the function of significantly saving water resource.Liquid manure is directly sent to fruit tree water suction by the utility model
Root concentrates position, does not generate surface runoff, almost without evaporation loss, about 20-30% more water-saving than ground drip irrigation, than ground flood irrigation
Water-saving 80% or more.
Save fertilizer.Since chemical fertilizer is combined together with irrigation water, it is applied to fertilizer nutrient Direct Uniform fruit tree root zone,
It is truly realized water and fertilizer synchronization, substantially increases the effective rate of utilization of fertilizer, while again because being small range Partial controll, micro filling
It irrigates, liquid manure leakage is less, can save applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency can be improved one times or more.The technology is that valence is replenished in time in fruit tree
The microelement of lattice valuableness provides convenience, and can avoid waste.
Save labour.(1) due to the not well-off moisture of soil between fruit tree strain, weeds are not easy to grow, thus crop
Interference with weeds contention nutrient considerably reduces, and reduces weeding recruitment.(2) system can pass through hand by wireless communication module
Machine carries out remote auto control, without water pump, under gravity gravity flow and gravity irrigation, therefore can obviously save labour's throwing
Enter, reduces production cost.
Promote fruit tree growth, improves yield.This kind of irrigation technique does not destroy soil texture, soil internal water, fertilizer, air and heat
The good condition for being suitable for plant growth is often kept, and root zone of fruit tree is able to maintain best service position and fertilizer state,
Therefore it can increase production.
Reduce the pollution of soil erosion and fertilizer to environment, ecological benefits are obvious.Using solar energy as the operation energy
It can economize on electricity energy saving.
Main reservoir and auxiliary water storage pond can with integrated use, main reservoir and the biggish auxiliary water storage pond of serial number (such as
N+M auxiliary water storage pond) in carry out aquaculture, reduce operating cost.
The shell upper end of main pond filter is higher than at least 20 centimetres of bottom of pond of main reservoir, can prevent bottom of pond from depositing miscellaneous
Object blocks main pond filter.Storage tank is higher than the side wall of main reservoir, water when water level can be prevented excessively high in main reservoir by
Overflow occurs at storage tank, leads to not put into fertilizer.The feed opening of storage tank is as solution inlet, the position of storage tank,
Dosing operation is carried out quite convenient for operator.
Main columns base is higher than at least 2 meters of water-dropper of highest point, it is ensured that has abundance at each water-dropper
Hydraulic pressure.
Flow structure includes overfall dam and the spillway that is connected with overfall dam；Spillway is passed through letting out for massif self-assembling formation
Water passage.This set, can also be to avoid the unordered overflow of water in each reservoir when rainfall is big, it is ensured that reservoir and auxiliary
Help the safety of reservoir.
The state being staggeredly evenly arranged is formd between outer ring drip irrigation hole and inner ring drip irrigation hole in a circumferential direction, so that fruit
It is more uniform that the soil on tree periphery obtains water in circumferential direction.The setting of two circle drip irrigation holes, enables fruit tree root system concentrated area
Uniform trickle irrigation is accessed, so that fruit tree root system is obtained water in radial directions uniform.In short, above-mentioned setting, so that fruit tree root system collection
Middle region is upper that water is the most uniform with circumferential direction radially, improves trickle irrigation effect.
It is covered with plastic film at the top of drip irrigation hole, the evaporation for greatly reducing moisture in drip irrigation hole is scattered and disappeared, and is played good
Soil moisture conservation effect.
Trickle irrigation hole number is more, and it is more uniform that fruit tree root system obtains water, but (setting drip irrigation hole, connection are last for corresponding construction cost
Time, manpower required for end pipe road and each water-dropper etc.) and equipment cost (quantity of water-dropper and connector etc.) and
Maintenance cost is also higher.The problem of cost performance of trickle irrigation hole number, considered before without technical staff.Certainly, this is practical new
The cost performance of trickle irrigation hole number described in type is the two inner rings drop adjacent thereto based on two circle drip irrigation holes, each outer ring drip irrigation hole
In the identical such completely new technical solution of the distance between grout.
Outer ring drip irrigation hole and inner ring drip irrigation hole are respectively equipped with 3, between uniform trickle irrigation bring economic benefit and cost
Obtain balance, cost performance highest.More outer ring drip irrigation holes or inner ring drip irrigation hole are set, and more uniform trickle irrigation effect is brought
Economic benefit be difficult to cover cost；Less outer ring drip irrigation hole or inner ring drip irrigation hole are set, and the cost of reduction is difficult to cover again
Trickle irrigation effect declines the decline of brought economic benefit.
It is filled with the mixture of soil and organic matter in drip irrigation hole, mass ratio (the i.e. organic matter of organic matter in mixture
Quality divided by mixture quality) be less than or equal to 15% and be greater than 5%, can guarantee water storage simultaneously and slowly be discharged into soil
Liquid manure provides the effect of organic nutrient.The setting of main pond filter can be to avoid pipeline blockage.
Organic matter is crushing straw, and in agricultural district, material cost is substantially zeroed, is not only able to provide organic nutrient, Er Qieyu
After soil mixing, the voidage and permeability of mixture can be improved as skeleton, are improved water storage and are stored fertilizer and be sustained the energy of liquid manure
Power avoids mixture excessively loose and reduces water storage and store fertilizer and be sustained the ability of liquid manure.
Battery is connected with solar panel, so that the utility model can be the power supply of each device by solar energy, does not depend on
It powers, is particularly suitable for without electric mountain area or the insufficient mountain area of power supply, and make the utility model more in Utilities Electric Co.
It is environmentally protective.
The side wall and bottom wall of main reservoir are made of cast-in-place concrete and its thickness is more than or equal to 15 centimetres, to rise
To good antiseep effect.
Auxiliary water storage pond, that is, sunlight can irradiate to obtain the auxiliary water storage pond of the part or all of water surface on the sunny side, and back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) helps storage
Auxiliary water storage pond of the pond, that is, sunlight irradiation less than the water surface.
Under the conditions of same, since sunlight irradiation provides more thermal energy, the moisture in auxiliary water storage pond steams on the sunny side
Hair speed is significantly faster than that back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) helps the evaporation rate of reservoir.
The more high then air pressure in position is lower, and the more low then water of air pressure is easier to evaporate；Therefore, be all on the sunny side auxiliary water storage pond or
It is all that back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) helps reservoir, the water evaporation rate in the auxiliary water storage pond of opposite eminence is faster than the auxiliary water storage pond of opposite lower
Water evaporation rate.
Both are influenced in the factor of water evaporation rate the height of sunlight, and the influence of sunlight is greater than height
It influences.
Highest auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is the 1st auxiliary water storage pond, and minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N auxiliary water storage
Pond；It is N+1 auxiliary water storage pond that highest back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38), which helps reservoir, and minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N+M auxiliary water storage
Pond；It is all auxiliary water storage on the sunny side in this way, the serial number in all auxiliary water storage ponds on the sunny side is respectively less than and carries on the back the number that Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) helps reservoir
Pond is all that back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) helps reservoir, and the serial number in the auxiliary water storage pond of opposite eminence is respectively less than the auxiliary water storage of opposite lower
Pond, therefore facilitate and discharged water from the auxiliary water storage pond of small serial number to main reservoir when moisturizing, using there is water when each moisturizing
The most fast auxiliary water storage pond of evaporation rate in water carry out moisturizing, so that it is overall because of evaporation utmostly to reduce auxiliary water storage pond
Bring water loss.
The utility model can realize mobile phone remote control by wireless communication module, and staff can be remotely on mobile phone
It checks the data of each sensor, and controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for storing drainage system；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of water transfer pipe network；
Fig. 3 is the electric control schematic diagram of the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the floor plan of drip irrigation hole；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of main reservoir；
Fig. 6 is the vertical schematic cross-sectional view of drip irrigation hole；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of main pond filter.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system of the utility model includes automatically controlled
Device 1 stores drainage system, water transfer pipe network and pours mechanism；It stores drainage system and provides liquid manure by water transfer pipe network to pour mechanism,
Mechanism is poured to be used to carry out trickle irrigation to fruit tree；
Store that drainage system includes the main reservoir 2 being all provided on hillside, N number of auxiliary water storage pond and M back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) help on the sunny side
Reservoir, N and M are natural number；Respectively auxiliary water storage pond and each back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) help reservoir to be above main reservoir 2 on the sunny side；Main storage
Pond is higher than the region for receiving to irrigate；
The auxiliary water storage pond that respectively faces south successively is numbered from high to low, highest auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is the 1st auxiliary
Reservoir 3 is helped, minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N auxiliary water storage pond 4；
Reservoir is helped successively to be numbered from high to low each back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38), it is N+1 that highest back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38), which helps reservoir,
Auxiliary water storage pond 5, minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6；
The bottom in the 1st auxiliary water storage pond 3 to N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6 is connected separately with auxiliary pond outlet pipe 7, auxiliary pond water outlet
The upstream end thereof of pipe 7 is equipped with water-drainage solenoid valve, and the water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe 7 in the 1st auxiliary water storage pond 3 is put for the 1st
Water solenoid valve 8, the water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe 7 in N auxiliary water storage pond 4 are followed successively by N water-drainage solenoid valve 9, N+M
Water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe 7 in auxiliary water storage pond 6 is followed successively by N+M water-drainage solenoid valve 10；Each auxiliary pond outlet pipe 7 is
It is connected with main reservoir 2 downwards；
Auxiliary water level sensor 11, main reservoir 2 are respectively equipped in 1st auxiliary water storage pond 3 to N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6
It is interior to be equipped with main water level sensor 12；
Water transfer pipe network includes water delivery main pipe 13, and water delivery main pipe 13 is connected with several delivery pipe branches 14, and each delivery pipe branch 14 connects
Several end pipelines 15 are connected to, are respectively equipped with Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16 on each end pipeline 15；
Pouring mechanism includes soil humidity sensor 17, for monitoring soil and fertilizer concentration (such as chemical nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus element
Fertilizer) chemical sensor 18, drip irrigation hole 19 and water-dropper 20；The corresponding one plant of fruit tree (fruit tree not shown) of each end pipeline 15,
The trunk bottom end periphery of fruit tree is equipped with several drip irrigation holes 19, and each drip irrigation hole 19 is correspondingly arranged on a water-dropper 20, each
Each water-dropper 20 at strain fruit tree is connected by water segregator 21 with the end pipeline 15 at the fruit tree respectively；
Each water-dropper 20 is inserted into a drip irrigation hole 19 respectively；Several chemistry are equipped in the soil on each fruit tree root periphery to pass
Sensor 18 and several soil humidity sensors 17 for being used to monitor soil moisture；
Main 2 bottom of reservoir is equipped with main pond outlet pipe 22, and main 22 one end of pond outlet pipe is located at main 2 bottom of reservoir and connects
There is main pond filter, the other end of main pond outlet pipe 22 stretches out main reservoir 2 and connects the water delivery main pipe 13；The main pond mistake
Filter includes shell 23, is equipped at intervals with two layers of horizontally disposed steel wire 25 up and down in shell 23；23 upper end of shell is equipped with
Opening 24 for water inlet；23 upper end of shell is higher than at least 20 centimetres of bottom of pond of main reservoir 2, can prevent bottom of pond in this way
The sundries of deposition blocks main pond filter；Main pond outlet pipe 22 is equipped with supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve 26；
Main pond outlet pipe 22 has connected up fertilizer delivering pipe 27 at the lateral wall of main reservoir 2, and fertilizer delivering pipe 27, which is equipped with, to be added
Fertile solenoid valve 40 is higher than the side wall of main reservoir 2 at the top of fertilizer delivering pipe 27, when can prevent water level excessively high in this way in main reservoir 2
Water by fertilizer delivering pipe 27 occur overflow, lead to not put into fertilizer.
Main reservoir top side wall is equipped with the storage tank 28 for storing liquid fertilizer, 27 top of fertilizer delivering pipe and storage tank 28
Bottom is connected；Storage tank 28 has a feed opening, and the feed opening of storage tank 28 is as solution inlet, the position of storage tank 28,
Dosing operation is carried out quite convenient for operator.
The electric control gear 1 connects the soil humidity sensor 17, main water level sensor 12, each auxiliary pool water level sensing
Device 11, the 1st water-drainage solenoid valve 8 to N+M water-drainage solenoid valve 10, supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve 26, each Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16 and eachization
Learn sensor 18；Main 2 bottom of reservoir is higher than at least 2 meters of water-dropper 20 of highest point.In this manner it is ensured that each water-dropper 20
Place all has sufficient hydraulic pressure.
The top in main reservoir 2 and the 1st to the N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6 is connected separately with flow structure 29, overflow
Structure 29 includes overfall dam and the spillway being connected with overfall dam；Spillway is passed through the sluicing access of massif self-assembling formation.This
Kind of setting, can also be to avoid the unordered overflow of water in each reservoir when rainfall is big, it is ensured that reservoir and auxiliary water storage pond
Safety.Auxiliary pond outlet pipe is equipped with auxiliary pond filter, and auxiliary pond filter is conventional piping filter, not shown.
The trunk bottom end periphery of each plant of fruit tree is equipped with two circle drip irrigation holes 19, respectively inner ring drip irrigation hole 19 and outer ring trickle irrigation
Hole 19；The distance of trunk bottom end 30 of the vertical centerline of inner ring drip irrigation hole 19 apart from fruit tree is 30 ± 2 centimetres, outer ring drip irrigation hole
The distance of trunk bottom end 30 of 19 vertical centerline apart from fruit tree is 60 ± 5 centimetres；The quantity and inner ring of outer ring drip irrigation hole 19
The quantity of drip irrigation hole 19 is identical, and the distance between each outer ring drip irrigation hole 19 two inner ring drip irrigation holes 19 adjacent thereto are identical；
In this way, being formed the state being staggeredly evenly arranged between outer ring drip irrigation hole 19 and inner ring drip irrigation hole 19 in a circumferential direction, make
Fruit tree periphery soil in circumferential direction water it is more uniform.The setting of two circle drip irrigation holes 19, so that fruit tree root system is concentrated
Region can obtain uniform trickle irrigation, so that fruit tree root system is obtained water in radial directions uniform.In short, above-mentioned setting, so that fruit tree
Root system concentrated area is upper that water is the most uniform with circumferential direction radially, improves trickle irrigation effect.
Plastic film 34 is covered at the top of drip irrigation hole 19.The setting of plastic film 34 greatly reduces water in drip irrigation hole 19
The evaporation divided is scattered and disappeared, and good soil moisture conservation is played the role of.
Outer ring drip irrigation hole 19 and inner ring drip irrigation hole 19 are respectively equipped with 3.
19 quantity of drip irrigation hole is more, and it is more uniform that fruit tree root system obtains water, but (setting drip irrigation hole 19 connects corresponding construction cost
Connect time, manpower required for end pipeline 15 and each water-dropper 20 etc.) and the equipment cost (quantity and connection of water-dropper 20
Part etc.) and maintenance cost it is also higher.
The problem of cost performance of 19 quantity of drip irrigation hole, considered before without technical staff.Certainly, described in the utility model
The cost performance of 19 quantity of drip irrigation hole is the two inner rings drop adjacent thereto based on two circle drip irrigation holes 19, each outer ring drip irrigation hole 19
In the identical such technical solution of the distance between grout 19.
Outer ring drip irrigation hole 19 and inner ring drip irrigation hole 19 are respectively equipped with 3, in uniform trickle irrigation bring economic benefit and cost
Between obtain balance, cost performance highest.More outer ring drip irrigation holes 19 or inner ring drip irrigation hole 19, more uniform trickle irrigation effect are set
Economic benefit brought by fruit is difficult to cover cost；Less outer ring drip irrigation hole 19 or inner ring drip irrigation hole 19 be set, reduction at
This is difficult to cover the decline that trickle irrigation effect declines brought economic benefit again.
The mixture 35 of soil and organic matter is filled in the drip irrigation hole 19, the mass ratio of organic matter in mixture 35
(i.e. the quality of organic matter divided by mixture 35 quality) be less than or equal to 15% and be greater than 5%.
The organic matter is broken straw rod, including but not limited to broken maize leaves and/or broken wheat straw.
The electric control gear 1 is connected with battery 31, and battery 31 is connected with solar panel 32.In this way, this is practical
Novel can be the power supply of each device by solar energy, power independent of Utilities Electric Co., be particularly suitable for supplying without electric mountain area or electric power
Insufficient mountain area is answered, and makes the utility model more environmentally protective.
The electric control gear 1 is single-chip microcontroller, such as 51 or 52 single-chip microcontrollers.
The steel wire 25 is 200 mesh steel wires；The side wall and bottom wall of main reservoir 2, each auxiliary water storage pond side wall
And bottom wall is all made of that cast-in-place concrete is made and its thickness is all larger than equal to 15 centimetres, to play good antiseep effect
Fruit.
The electric control gear 1 is connected with for wireless communication module 33, and wireless communication module 33 is to communicate with remote handset
3G or 4G module.
When building the utility model, main reservoir 2 and each auxiliary water storage pond reservoir capacity are determined according to topographic features.
The utility model additionally provides mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating method, passes through the northern mountain area fruit tree
Water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system carries out；
Mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating method sequentially includes the following steps:
Before use, staff sets the beginning moisturizing water level of main reservoir to electric control gear 1 and stops moisturizing water level；It opens
Beginning moisturizing water level is higher than at least 20 centimetres of bottom of pond of main reservoir 2；Stop the overflow dam crest that moisturizing water level is lower than main reservoir 2
2-15 centimetres, to avoid water level fluctuation bring water spill losses；
Because when having wind, the water surface can generate fluctuation, therefore stop moisturizing water level and be lower than 2 centimetres of overflow dam crest or more, in this way
Water spill losses caused by can preventing because of water level fluctuation.In the lesser area of long-term wind-force, water level fluctuation is small, stops moisturizing
Water level can be lower lower than the numerical value of the overflow dam crest of main reservoir 2；In the biggish area of long-term wind-force, water level fluctuation compared with
Greatly, it is higher lower than the numerical value of the overflow dam crest of main reservoir 2 to stop moisturizing water level；In this way, water level fluctuation band can avoided
While the water spill losses come, maximize the water-holding capacity of main reservoir 2.
First is to receive water in rainy season；Supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve 26 and the 1st is closed to N+M water-drainage solenoid valve, when rainy
Rainwater is collected by main 2 and the 1st auxiliary water storage pond 3 to N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6 of reservoir；
Second is liquid manure monitoring；Electric control gear 1 detects concentration of fertilizer by chemical sensor 18() and soil moisture sensing
Device 17(detects the water content in soil) liquid manure situation at each fruit tree of detection in soil；In second step, that is, liquid manure monitoring step
During progress, when somewhere fruit tree water shortage and/or fertilizer deficiency, need to carry out trickle irrigation to the fruit tree；Judge that water shortage and/or fertilizer deficiency use
Any one of following two mode: first is that staff, which manually passes through electric control gear 1, reads each chemical sensor 18 and soil
The sensing data of humidity sensor 17 carries out artificial judgment；Second is that staff according to the type of fruit tree and plantation target and
The plantation stage determines the sensing data lower limit for starting trickle irrigation, when chemical sensor 18 and/or the number of soil humidity sensor 17
When according to dropping to lower limit value, starting trickle irrigation and preparing.
Third is that trickle irrigation prepares；
Trickle irrigation prepares to monitor main 2 water level of reservoir by main water level sensor 12 first；When main 2 water level of reservoir is greater than
Equal to setting beginning moisturizing water level when, directly progress next step；
When beginning moisturizing water level of main 2 water level of reservoir lower than setting, (those skilled in the art can be according to actual
The sets itself moisturizing of situations such as fruit tree quantity corresponding to trickle irrigation scale, northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system
Water level), carry out water-refilling operation；Water-refilling operation is that the water in auxiliary water storage pond is put into main reservoir 2, until main reservoir 2
The water level that water level reaches in the stopping moisturizing water level or all auxiliary water storage ponds of setting has been lower than 2 centimetres；
After water-refilling operation, if the water level of main reservoir 2 still is below the beginning moisturizing water level of setting, termination system fortune
Row；After water-refilling operation, if the water level of main reservoir 2 is higher than the beginning moisturizing water level of setting, start to carry out next step；
The fourth is that carry out trickle irrigation；
Electric control gear 1 opens the fruit tree of supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve 26 on main pond outlet pipe 22 and water shortage and/or fertilizer deficiency
The Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16 of Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16(on the end pipeline 15 at place everywhere at the fruit tree of water shortage and/or fertilizer deficiency is beaten
Open), so that the water in main reservoir 2 is entered water delivery main pipe 13 by main pond outlet pipe 22, and then pass through delivery pipe branch 14, tip tube
Road 15 and Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16 enter each water-dropper 20 at the fruit tree, and final moisture enters drip irrigation hole 19 by water-dropper 20；
When soil fertilizer deficiency at least one plant of fruit tree, staff opens charging solenoid valve, makes fertilizer with moisture
Into drip irrigation hole 19；Charging solenoid valve 40 is closed after adding fertilizer.
When the sensing data of each chemical sensor 18 and each soil humidity sensor 17 shows the soil at one plant of fruit tree
After liquid manure is in normal condition, the Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16 on the end pipeline 15 at the fruit tree is closed；Soil at each fruit tree
After the liquid manure of earth is in normal condition, supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve 26 is closed, stops trickle irrigation, and the first and second step of continuous service
Suddenly.
The water-refilling operation includes following sub-step；
First sub-step of water-refilling operation is determining moisturizing source, that is, is determined as the auxiliary water storage pond in moisturizing source；Really
Determining principle is: the smallest auxiliary water storage pond of serial number is X auxiliary water storage pond in each auxiliary water storage pond to be detected, and the initial value of X is 1；
Electric control gear 1 using X auxiliary water storage pond as detection reservoir,
Water level detecting is carried out to detection reservoir；The water level of detection reservoir refers to that the water surface in detection reservoir is higher than pond
The height at bottom；
Carrying out water level detecting to detection reservoir is that electric control gear 1 passes through the auxiliary water level sensor 11 detection detection water storage
Water level in pond；It is automatically controlled when detecting the water level in reservoir and being less than or equal to 2 centimetres (two centimetres of water surface distance bottom of pond or less)
Device 1 judgement detection reservoir be in anhydrous state (when water level is too low, the sundries in pond can not be floated, and hydraulic pressure compared with
It is low, it be easy to cause pipeline blockage) when, the value of X is added the operation of 1(progress X=X+1 or X++ by electric control gear 1), by new X
Auxiliary water storage pond repeats the movement that water level detecting is carried out to detection reservoir as new detection reservoir, when detection water storage
When water level in pond is higher than 2 centimetres, reservoir will test as moisturizing source；
When X is equal to N+M and electric control gear 1 detects that the water level in detection reservoir (i.e. N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6) is lower than
At 2 centimetres, whole system is in anhydrous state, closes system；
Second sub-step of water-refilling operation is to main 2 moisturizing of reservoir；
It is that will test reservoir (i.e. X auxiliary water storage pond) as behind moisturizing source to main 2 moisturizing of reservoir, opens X
Water in X auxiliary water storage pond is put into main reservoir 2 by auxiliary pond outlet pipe 7 by water-drainage solenoid valve；
Necessarily there is any one of following two situation to main 2 moisturizing of reservoir:
Moisturizing situation one: when the water level in main reservoir 2 reaches stopping moisturizing water level, (i.e. X auxiliary stores detection reservoir
Pond) in water level be more than or equal to 2 centimetres, at this time close detection reservoir water-drainage solenoid valve；
Moisturizing situation two: when the water level in detection reservoir (i.e. X auxiliary water storage pond) is lower than 2 centimetres, in main reservoir 2
Water level still be below stop moisturizing water level, at this time close detection reservoir water-drainage solenoid valve；
There is moisturizing situation for the moment, main 2 water level of reservoir has been expired, and water-refilling operation is stopped；
When there is moisturizing situation two, the value of X is added the operation of 1(progress X=X+1 or X++ by electric control gear 1), it will be new
X auxiliary water storage pond as new detection reservoir, and return execute the first sub-step of water-refilling operation in detection reservoir into
The movement of row water level detecting.
The stop condition of water-refilling operation, first is that when X is equal to N+M and electric control gear 1 detects detection reservoir (i.e. N+M
Auxiliary water storage pond 6) in water level when being lower than 2 centimetres, whole system be in anhydrous state, closing system；Second is that there are moisturizing feelings
Condition for the moment, expired by main 2 water level of reservoir, stops water-refilling operation；
In the first step, one when main 2 and the 1st auxiliary water storage pond 3 of reservoir into N+M auxiliary water storage pond 6
Or after the water level in multiple reservoirs reaches at the top of overfall dam, later collection enters the water in the reservoir and is overflow by flow structure 29
It is flow to the sluicing access of massif self-assembling formation, the unordered overflow of the water in each reservoir is avoided, the massif on reservoir periphery is caused
It corrodes.
In four steps, that is, trickle irrigation step, water passes through by entering inner ring through each water-dropper 20 and dripping after Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve 16
Grout 19 and outer ring drip irrigation hole 19；After water enters each drip irrigation hole 19, liquid manure equably enters fruit tree periphery by each drip irrigation hole 19
In soil.
When solution in storage tank is used up, the feed opening that staff opens storage tank fills it up with solution again.
Above embodiments are only to illustrate rather than limit the technical solution of the utility model, although referring to above-described embodiment pair
The utility model is described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: still can to the utility model into
Row modification or equivalent replacement should all without departing from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the utility model
Cover in the scope of the claims of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. northern mountain area fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: including electric control gear, store drainage system,
Water transfer pipe network and pouring mechanism；It stores drainage system and provides liquid manure by water transfer pipe network to pour mechanism, pour mechanism and be used for fruit
Tree carries out trickle irrigation；
Storing drainage system includes the main reservoir being all provided on hillside, N number of auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side and the positive auxiliary water storage of M back
Pond, N and M are natural number；Respectively auxiliary water storage pond and each back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) help reservoir to be above main reservoir on the sunny side；
Main reservoir is higher than irrigated area；
The auxiliary water storage pond that respectively faces south successively is numbered from high to low, highest auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is that the 1st auxiliary stores
Pond, minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N auxiliary water storage pond；
Reservoir is helped successively to be numbered from high to low each back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38), highest back Yangfu(jing-River point,GB 38) helps reservoir for N+1 auxiliary
Reservoir, minimum auxiliary water storage pond on the sunny side is N+M auxiliary water storage pond；
The bottom in the 1st auxiliary water storage pond to N+M auxiliary water storage pond is connected separately with auxiliary pond outlet pipe, the upstream of auxiliary pond outlet pipe
End is equipped with water-drainage solenoid valve, and the water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe in the 1st auxiliary water storage pond is the 1st water-drainage solenoid valve, N
Water-drainage solenoid valve on the auxiliary pond outlet pipe in auxiliary water storage pond is followed successively by N water-drainage solenoid valve, the auxiliary pond in N+M auxiliary water storage pond
Water-drainage solenoid valve on outlet pipe is followed successively by N+M water-drainage solenoid valve；Each auxiliary pond outlet pipe is connected with main reservoir downwards；
It is respectively equipped with auxiliary water level sensor in 1st auxiliary water storage pond to N+M auxiliary water storage pond, is equipped with main pond in main reservoir
Water level sensor；
Water transfer pipe network includes water delivery main pipe, and water delivery main pipe is connected with several delivery pipe branches, and each delivery pipe branch is connected with several ends
Pipeline, each tip tube road are respectively equipped with Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve；
Mechanism is poured to include soil humidity sensor, the chemical sensor for monitoring soil and fertilizer concentration, drip irrigation hole and drip
Device；The corresponding one plant of fruit tree of each end pipeline, the trunk bottom end periphery of fruit tree are equipped with several drip irrigation holes, each drip irrigation hole pair
It should be provided with a water-dropper, each water-dropper at each plant of fruit tree is connected with the end pipeline at the fruit tree respectively；
Each water-dropper is inserted into a drip irrigation hole respectively；If be equipped in the soil on each fruit tree root periphery several chemical sensors and
Do the soil humidity sensor for monitoring soil moisture；
Main columns base is equipped with main pond outlet pipe, and main pond outlet pipe one end is located at main columns base and is connected with main pond filtering
Device, the other end of main pond outlet pipe stretch out main reservoir and connect the water delivery main pipe；The main pond filter includes shell, shell
It is equipped at intervals with two layers of horizontally disposed steel wire up and down in vivo；The shell upper end is equipped with the opening for water inlet；The shell
Upper end is higher than at least 20 centimetres of bottom of pond of main reservoir；Main pond outlet pipe is equipped with supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve；
Main pond outlet pipe has connected up fertilizer delivering pipe at the lateral wall of main reservoir, and fertilizer delivering pipe is equipped with plus fertile solenoid valve；It is main
Reservoir top side wall is equipped with the storage tank for storing liquid fertilizer, is connected at the top of fertilizer delivering pipe with storing pot bottom；
The electric control gear connects the soil humidity sensor, main water level sensor, each auxiliary water level sensor, the 1st puts
Water solenoid valve is to N+M water-drainage solenoid valve, supervisor's water-drainage solenoid valve, each Irrigation Electromagnetic Valve and each chemical sensor；Main reservoir
Bottom is higher than at least 2 meters of water-dropper of highest point.
2. north mountain area according to claim 1 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: the master
Reservoir and the 1st to being connected separately with flow structure at the top of N+M auxiliary water storage pond, flow structure include overfall dam and with
The spillway that overfall dam is connected；Auxiliary pond outlet pipe is equipped with auxiliary pond filter.
3. north mountain area according to claim 1 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: each strain
The trunk bottom end periphery of fruit tree is equipped with two circle drip irrigation holes, respectively inner ring drip irrigation hole and outer ring drip irrigation hole；Inner ring drip irrigation hole is erected
The distance of trunk bottom end 30 to center line apart from fruit tree is 30 ± 2 centimetres, and the vertical centerline of outer ring drip irrigation hole is apart from fruit tree
Trunk bottom end 30 distance be 60 ± 5 centimetres；The quantity of outer ring drip irrigation hole is identical as the quantity of inner ring drip irrigation hole, each outer ring
The distance between drip irrigation hole two inner ring drip irrigation holes adjacent thereto are identical；
Plastic film is covered at the top of drip irrigation hole.
4. north mountain area according to claim 3 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: outer ring drop
Grout and inner ring drip irrigation hole are respectively equipped with 3.
5. north mountain area according to claim 4 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: the drop
The mixture of soil and organic matter is filled in grout, the mass ratio of organic matter is less than or equal to 15% and is greater than 5% in mixture.
6. north mountain area according to claim 5 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: described to have
Machine matter is crushing straw.
7. north mountain area according to claim 1 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: the electricity
Control device is connected with battery, and battery is connected with solar panel.
8. north mountain area according to claim 1 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: the electricity
Control device is single-chip microcontroller.
9. north mountain area according to claim 1 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: the steel
Silk screen is 200 mesh steel wires；The side wall and bottom wall of main reservoir are made of cast-in-place concrete and its thickness is more than or equal to 15
Centimetre.
10. north mountain area according to claim 1 fruit tree water-fertilizer integral water saving irrigating system, it is characterised in that: described
Electric control gear is connected with for wireless communication module, and wireless communication module is 3G the or 4G module communicated with remote handset.
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