CN208180783U - A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system - Google Patents
A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system Download PDFInfo
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- CN208180783U CN208180783U CN201820698226.7U CN201820698226U CN208180783U CN 208180783 U CN208180783 U CN 208180783U CN 201820698226 U CN201820698226 U CN 201820698226U CN 208180783 U CN208180783 U CN 208180783U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of between centers torque universes actively to distribute in due course four-wheel drive system, comprising: power input shaft；Front axle；Rear axle；First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear, the first ring gear are equipped with hollow shaft of the empty set on rear axle；Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft of the empty set on rear axle, and hollow output shaft is connect by deceleration mechanism with third ring gear；Input sprocket is connected with power input shaft；Power transmission is realized by transmission chain between output chain gear, with input sprocket, output chain gear and front axle are connected.Between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, and the function of any distribution of torque between antero posterior axis may be implemented.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to 4 wheel driven automobile driving system technical field, in particular to a kind of between centers torque universe is actively divided
With in due course four-wheel drive system.
Background technique
In recent years, it is constantly progressive with the improvement of people ' s living standards with technology, people also propose the quality of automobile
Gone out increasingly higher demands, automobile by initially only as the demand of walking-replacing tool be gradually transitioned into safety, comfort,
In the demands such as economy and driving pleasure, people travel multi-functional, multiple road conditions and the demand of high-performing car is also year by year
Increase, such as high-performance 4 wheel driven SUV or high-performance 4 wheel driven car.These vehicles are not only more next in internal combustion engine driving Automobile Market
It is higher, such as be equipped with the Audi Q5SUV of sports type differential mechanism, be equipped with SH-AWD four-wheel drive system and sing the praises of TLX intermediate-size car, even if
Being is also future market mainstream development trend for hybrid vehicle or electric car, as Volvo XC60T8E drive it is mixed dynamic and
Tesla Model S etc..
The classification of driving wheel number is pressed, the drive form of automobile mainly has two-wheel drive and 4 wheel driven driving.For four-wheel drive
It is divided into due course 4 wheel driven, full-time four-wheel drive, time sharing again.It is divided into centralization driving and distribution again according to driveline arrangement form
Driving, the former has application in traditional combustion engine automobile and new-energy automobile, and the latter often uses hub motor or wheel
Side motor driven, therefore generally used by new-energy automobile, especially electric car, referred to as Electric Motor Wheel independently drives vapour
Vehicle.The realization four-wheel drive that distributed In-wheel motor driving can be convenient, and the general direct drive of wheel of hub motor, do not have
Excessive transmission system, therefore structure is simple, space hold is small, transmission efficiency is high, a kind of excellent driving form of can yet be regarded as.However
At this stage, face that the universal power density of hub motor is high, motor working environment badly leads to poor reliability, hub motor increases
Unsprung mass causes the technical bottlenecks such as automobile ride reduction to seriously affect its large-scale use, therefore is at present some concept cars
Or small lot sample car is using, most of electric car is still driven using central as driving automotive-type with internal combustion engine
Form.The power source of internal combustion engine or centralized hybrid power assembly (Hybrid Powertrain) as concentration, often cloth
It sets in front-axle engine cabin, this single centralized power source (generally has hybrid power system multiple power sources, but mainstream
All it is one hybrid power assembly concentrated of composition that becomes one with internal combustion engine, speed changer or coupling device) it can only be using biography
Power is transferred to wheel by central transmission system of uniting.Reason as previously described, electric car also generally use at present
The central drive axle form of the lower single motor matching conventional ADS driving bridge of development cost drives wheel, therefore either interior
Combustion engine automobile, hybrid vehicle, electric car then need a transfer device or coupling device if necessary to four-wheel drive
Power is separated into a part and is transferred to other axle shafts.
According to different 4 wheel driven handling capacity design requirements, for three kinds of 4 wheel driven forms above-mentioned, above-mentioned three kinds of power cars
Its power transfer device of type or coupling device be not also identical, such as: in due course 4 wheel driven automobile, often using defeated in speed changer
Power is transferred to front-rear axle by two identical gears of external toothing simultaneously for shaft side, and is going to non-principal drive axle (after generally
Bridge) before increase electromagnetism multiplate clutch realization power is in time transferred to by rear axle by transmission shaft.When electromagnetic clutch knot
When conjunction, total driving torque of half is generally at most can be obtained in rear axle.It is so-called that exactly not All Time combines clutch in due course
Power is transferred to rear axle afterwards, and is generally able to achieve when front-wheel skids or just 4 wheel driven when needing 4 wheel driven to work in short-term；And for complete
When 4 wheel driven, often the transmission shaft of forward and backward bridge is connected using center differential (i.e. inter-axle differential), the torque of front-rear axle
Distribution is generally mean allocation, and also some use unequal distribution, since common open type differential has " the not poor torsion of differential "
Feature, in order to cause another bridge driving force also to decline when guaranteeing to avoid some bridge wheel-slip, passability is reduced, therefore such is full-time
The center differential of four-wheel drive system generally selects limited-slip differential or center differential with differential lock function to realize torque
Antero posterior axis transfer；And for time sharing, it often increases center differential in speed changer or after speed changer newly, passes through switching
The engagement of center differential middle gear is transferred to non-principal drive axle (bridge before generally) with realization power is exited.Center differential
Motor torque is further amplified typically with bottom gear, meets the requirement of limit cross-country power.Although above-mentioned three kinds of 4 wheel drivens
Form realizes that power is transferred to four wheels using different mechanisms, but these mechanisms are all from original internal combustion engine 4 wheel driven automobile
It inherits, even with electric car, most of single motor electric four-wheel drive automobile also all uses traditional combustion engine 4 wheel driven vapour
The transfer device or dynamic coupling device of vehicle realize 4 wheel driven, and all no the characteristics of being directed to electric car and the market demand are targetedly
Electric four-wheel drive system is developed, can be sayed without any new meaning.In addition importantly, above-mentioned 4 wheel driven mechanism all exist it is such-and-such
Disadvantage, such as: in due course 4 wheel driven automobile is since most of operating condition is all uniaxial (generally front axle) driving, and front-wheel enters low attached once in a while
Or it is hanging when skidding, electromagnetism multiplate clutch combines rapidly another axle for making part driving torque be transferred to attachment
(generally rear axle) drives vehicle driving, guarantees vehicle dynamic quality and riding stability, can also improve passability to a certain extent
It can, it is often more important that since the most of the time is uniaxial driving therefore there is good economy.However since its kind of drive is
Gear drive is powered on the mode of magnetic multiplate clutch, it is caused generally can only to be no more than the one of vehicle maximum output torque for maximum
Partly transfer is exported to non-principal driving wheel in a short time, therefore the passage capacity of such automobile is general, can only be slight cross-country, but
It is best to travel economy.Full-time four-wheel drive automobile is due to being all four wheel drivings in whole running times, additionally, due to generally all
Increase and be furnished between centers limited-slip differential or differential lock, therefore vehicle dynamic property, riding stability and passability are all by force very than in due course 4 wheel driven
It is more, but since its structure is complicated, at high cost, therefore it is generally only applied to middle and high end 4 wheel driven SUV or high-end 4 wheel driven car, and due to
Always four-wheel drive can not achieve the torque distribution of active up to uniaxial driving method, therefore it is poor to travel economy.Time sharing
Generally rear wheel drive form, single shaft travel good economy performance when driving.Power is transmitted simultaneously when by manipulating center differential
After becoming four-wheel drive to front-rear axle, due to not having center differential generally, therefore it can not run at high speed in normal paved road,
Low-speed off-road can only be carried out in non-paved road.And due to body structure, car weight, axle device without differential, tire etc., in conjunction with four
Economy is travelled when drive and control stability differs greatly than other 4 wheel driven automobiles, therefore is difficult to apply to high-end 4 wheel driven car and height
Performance SUV.
In general, full-time four-wheel drive form is relatively preferable, but " differential is not poor since its open differential used has
The characteristic of torsion " then may cause the wheel slip on low attachment side axle when the attachment of automobile antero posterior axis road surface is inconsistent,
Cause automobile is stranded can not travel.Or when automobile emergency accelerates, load is shifted from front axle to rear axle, it is also possible to cause front axle wheel
Reach limit of adhesion generation to trackslip and make automobile unstability.Although various between centers limited-slip differentials or shaft space difference speed lock in the prior art
The transmission shaft of front-rear axle can be connected by part locking or complete locking, so that it is supreme to realize that torque is shifted from low attachment axle
Adhere to axle, avoid wheel-slip, improve trafficability, but the transfer distribution of the between centers of torque be it is unidirectional, can only be from turning
A fast fast axis shifts driving moment toward the slow axis of revolving speed, this can not promote mobility and drive of the vehicle under various road conditions
Dynamic performance.Center differential on orthodox car can only change the revolving speed of two axis, can not distribution of torque, though and center differential
The distribution that between centers torque so may be implemented, but cannot achieve any torque value in the fixed direction allocation of between centers.
Utility model content
The shortcomings that the purpose of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned prior arts, it is dynamic towards four-drive electric car, 4 wheel driven mixing
The performance requirement of power automobile and 4 wheel driven traditional combustion engine automobile provides a kind of between centers torque universe and actively distributes in due course four
Drive system, the power source for using a motor to distribute as between centers torque can make the total drive for the automobile for keeping in due course 4 wheel driven
Dynamic torque can be distributed actively in any proportion between antero posterior axis, and overcoming existing in due course 4 wheel driven technology can only be in certain proportion
The technological deficiency that total driving torque is passively distributed in range, improves the comprehensive performance of automobile.
Technical solution provided by the utility model are as follows:
A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, comprising:
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, first sun gear is fixedly connected with the power input shaft, the first planet carrier and the rear axle
It is fixedly connected, first ring gear is equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of first ring gear is on the rear axle；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft of first ring gear, second ring gear with
Four-wheel drive system shell is fixedly connected；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the rear axle；The third planet carrier and second planet carrier
It is fixedly connected；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, and the hollow output shaft empty set is and described hollow on the rear axle
Output shaft is connect by deceleration mechanism with the third ring gear；
Input sprocket is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
Preferably, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and
Planet row type.
Preferably, the deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet train comprising the 4th sun gear, fourth line star-wheel,
Four planet carriers and the 4th ring gear；
Wherein, the 4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；The fourth line carrier and the third
Ring gear is fixedly connected；4th ring gear is fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell.
Preferably, the transmission ratio of the input sprocket and the output chain gear is 1.
Preferably, it is connected between the hollow shaft and the rear axle of first ring gear by bearing.
Preferably, the TV control motor is cartridge type inner rotor motor.
Preferably, it is connected between the hollow output shaft and the rear axle by bearing.
Preferably, the stator of TV control motor and shell are fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell.
Preferably, the hollow output shaft of the TV control motor and the centre bore of the 4th sun gear are connected by spline
It connects.
A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, comprising:
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, first sun gear is fixedly connected with the power input shaft, the first planet carrier and the rear axle
It is fixedly connected, first ring gear is equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of first ring gear is on the rear axle；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear be equipped with hollow shaft, the hollow shaft empty set of second sun gear on the rear axle,
It is connected between the hollow shaft and the rear axle of second sun gear by bearing；Second planet carrier and first internal tooth
The hollow shaft of circle is fixedly connected, and second ring gear is fixedly connected with four-wheel drive system shell；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft of second sun gear；The third planet carrier with
The rear axle is fixedly connected；
Wherein, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet
Arrange type；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, and the hollow output shaft empty set is and described hollow on the rear axle
Output shaft is connect by deceleration mechanism with the third ring gear；
The deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet train comprising the 4th sun gear, fourth line star-wheel, fourth line carrier and
4th ring gear；
Wherein, the 4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；The fourth line carrier and the third
Ring gear is fixedly connected；4th ring gear is fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell；
Input sprocket is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, comprising:
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, first sun gear is fixedly connected with the power input shaft, the first planet carrier and the rear axle
It is fixedly connected, first ring gear is equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of first ring gear is on the rear axle；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft of first ring gear, second planet carrier with
Four-wheel drive system shell is fixedly connected；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the rear axle；The third ring gear and second ring gear
It is fixedly connected, is connected between second ring gear and the third ring gear and the four-wheel drive system shell by bearing；
Wherein, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet
Arrange type；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, and the hollow output shaft empty set is and described hollow on the rear axle
Output shaft is connect by deceleration mechanism with the third planet carrier；
The deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet train comprising the 4th sun gear, fourth line star-wheel, fourth line carrier and
4th ring gear；
Wherein, the 4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；The fourth line carrier and the third
Planet carrier is fixedly connected；4th ring gear is fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell；
Input sprocket is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1, between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, may be implemented existing in due course four
The repertoire of drive system, generally uniaxial two-wheel drive when meeting with common drive shaft and skidding or artificially press 4 wheel driven mode
When switch, a certain range of four-wheel drive traveling may be implemented, vehicle travels good economy performance.
2, between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, overcomes existing in due course 4 wheel driven
System (can only be usually no more than total drive in smaller range by controlling the binding force of electromagnetism multiplate clutch in 4 wheel driven mode
The half of dynamic torque) change the technological deficiency for being transferred to non-principal drive shaft (referring generally to rear axle) torque, it may be implemented in 4 wheel driven
The function of any distribution of torque when mode between antero posterior axis, and respond rapid；Limiting case will when single shaft has skidded
Whole power assembly output torques are transferred to well attached another axis, realize uniaxial driving, can compared to In-wheel motor driving
Not have to reduce gross output, guarantee vehicle dynamic property.
3, between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, overcomes existing in due course 4 wheel driven
Driving torque can only be unidirectionally transferred to slow another of revolving speed from the fast axis of revolving speed when torque is distributed in 4 wheel driven mode by system
The technological deficiency of one axis, may be implemented revolving speed is fast, between slow two axis the active distribution of torque of any direction function, it can
An axis fast from revolving speed is transferred to the slow axis of revolving speed, and the function of the fast axis of revolving speed can be also transferred to from the slow axis of revolving speed.
4, between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, compared to hub motor independence
Driving, does not need individually to control each hub motor, and only needs to carry out a motor control and each axis driving can be adjusted
Torque, control system is simple and reliable, controls easy to accomplish.
5, between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, and not needing, progress torque is fixed
To (when uniaxial two-wheel drive), in straight trip, motor can remain stationary, will not generate idle running automobile when distribution, because
This will not generate induced electromotive force and leakage current, and power loss is small, save energy.
6, between centers torque universe provided by the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, torque universe orientation
The essential technique feature of distribution, can take into account improves vehicle dynamic property, economy, turning mobility, control stability and passability
Demand, improve vehicle comprehensive performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes in due course one structural representation of four-wheel drive system embodiment
Figure (for TV control motor is placed in rear axle).
Fig. 2 is that between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes in due course two structural representation of four-wheel drive system embodiment
Figure (for TV control motor is placed in rear axle).
Fig. 3 is that between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes in due course three structural representation of four-wheel drive system embodiment
Figure (for TV control motor is placed in rear axle).
Fig. 4 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system between centers torque universe described in the utility model and does not rise in TV control motor
Torque when effect flows to schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system between centers torque universe described in the utility model and acts as in TV control motor
The torque of used time flows to schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the utility model in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art referring to explanation
Book text can be implemented accordingly.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model, which provides a kind of between centers torque universe, actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, it is main
Motor is controlled by center differential 2000, double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanism 3000, TV control motor decelerating mechanism 4000 and TV
5001 are constituted.
The center differential 2000 is located near power intake, is mainly made of the first planetary gear train 2010, including
2011, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially 2012 of sun gear, ring gear 2013 and planet carrier 2014.Wherein, row
The center of carrier 2014 and rear axle 5002 are fixed together by spline.The part diameter that extends back of ring gear 2013 becomes smaller and becomes
Hollow ladder hollow shaft, rear axle 5002 pass through from front to back inside hollow shaft, and arrangement matched bearings rises therebetween
To the friction and mutual supporting role reduced when relatively rotating between the two.It is straight to be greater than end for position diameter among hollow shaft outer diameter
Diameter, outer end diameter are machined with spline.The center of sun gear 2011 and power input shaft 5003 are fixed together by spline, power
Input shaft 5003 is the power intake of vehicle, other rotations that can be accessed by traditional combustion engine or including motor are dynamic
Power source provides power.When power source is traditional combustion engine, power input shaft 5003 and internal combustion engine and matched speed changer group
At power assembly output end be connected；When power source be motor when can directly be connected with motor output end, also can with it is electronic
Machine is connected with the power assembly output end of few speed transmission composition.
Double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanism 3000 mainly includes two single planetary gear trains: the second planetary gear train 3020 and third
Planetary gear train 3030.The two single planetary gear trains planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet row type, and feature is joined
Number is greater than 1, and (the planet row characteristic parameter is that machinery field usually defines, that is, refers to ring gear and sun gear in planet row
The ratio between the number of teeth).Second planetary gear train 3020 includes 3021, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially of sun gear
3022, ring gear 3023 and planet carrier 3024.Wherein, the ring gear 2013 at 3021 center of sun gear and the first planetary gear train 2010
The hollow shaft end to extend back is fixed together by spline.Ring gear 3023 and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 are connected.It is described
Third planet train 3030 includes sun gear 3031, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially 3032, ring gears 3033
With planet carrier 3034.Wherein, it sun gear 3031 and is connected to from the rear axle 5002 that its center is extended through to rear by spline
Together, planet carrier 3034 and the planet carrier 3024 of the second planetary gear train 3020 are fixed together.
TV control motor decelerating mechanism 4000 is mainly made of fourth planet train 4040.The fourth planet train 4040
Including 4041, three planetary gears being distributed uniformly and circumferentially 4042 of sun gear, ring gear 4043 and planet carrier 4044.Its
In, ring gear 4043 and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 are connected, the ring gear 3033 of planet carrier 4044 and third planet train 3030
It is fixed together.It should be noted that TV controls motor decelerating mechanism 4000 using single planetary gear train in the present embodiment,
The deceleration mechanism for selecting other kinds of planetary gear train or multiple rows of planetary gear train to form, which is not constituted, is different from the utility model
New construction.
The TV control motor 5001 is a cartridge type inner rotor motor, connects the rear axle 5002 from its of rear driving axle
Hollow inner rotor shaft centre bore, which does not contact, to be pierced by, and arranges that matched bearings plays reduction and relatively rotates between the two therebetween
When friction and mutual supporting role.Cartridge type internal rotor anterior end outer diameter is machined with spline, with fourth planet train
4040 4041 centre bore of sun gear is linked together by spline, so as to pass the output torque of TV control motor 5001
It is delivered to fourth planet train 4040.The stator and its shell and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 of the TV control motor 5001 are connected
Together, it is supported and fixed by four-wheel drive system shell 6003.
The input sprocket 1000 realizes input sprocket 1000 and output chain gear 6000 by using transmission chain 6002
Power transmitting.Compare gear engaged transmission mode, and front axle 6001 and rear axle 5002 may be implemented not in such chain conveyer mode
Parallel arrangement at regular intervals under conditions of increase gear diameter.Input sprocket 1000 and 6000 number of teeth of output chain gear and diameter
It is identical.Output chain gear 6000 is connect by centre bore spline with 6001 spline of front axle；Input sprocket 1000 and from its center
The power input shaft 5003 extended through to its rear is linked together by spline.
In addition, between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes all planets that in due course four-wheel drive system is included
Train, characteristic parameter are all larger than 1.
Between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system and does not wait torques distribution by setting
Center differential 2000, posture double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanism 3000 and chain conveyer are realized with core component altogether is to start
The connection of the power assembly of machine or motor connected power input shaft 5003 and front axle 6001 and rear axle 5002, front axle 6001 is again
Power is transferred to automobile front axle, power is transferred to automobile axle again by rear axle 5002, and then vehicle realizes 4 wheel driven work.It is logical
The torque output forward or backwards for crossing TV control motor 5001 can control the total driving inputted from power input shaft 5003 and turn
Square is arbitrarily distributed in preceding bridge or rear axle, and limiting case can all distribution a to drive axle realizes that single bridge drives by total input torque
It is dynamic.Above structure and connection relationship realize universe of the total input torque of power assembly between front-rear axle and are actively randomly oriented point
Match.
Embodiment two
As shown in Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, using the wheeled double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanism 3000 of the total sun, i.e. the second planet
The sun gear 3021 of train 3020 is fixed together with the sun gear 3031 of third planet train 3030, sun gear 3021 and the sun
It is hollow hollow shaft between wheel 3031, rear axle 5002 passes through from front to back inside hollow shaft, and is arranged to therebetween
The friction and mutual supporting role reduced when relatively rotating between the two is played to bearing.The planet carrier of second planetary gear train 3020
The hollow shaft end that the ring gear 2013 of 3024 centers and the first planetary gear train 2010 extends back is fixed together by spline.
It the planet carrier 3034 of third planet train 3030 and is connected to from the rear axle 5002 that its center is extended through to rear by spline
Together.Structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment three
As shown in figure 3, in the present embodiment, using total internal tooth ring type double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanism 3000, i.e. the second planet
The ring gear 3023 of train 3020 is fixed together with the ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030, can be by 4 wheel driven system
Arrangement matched bearings is supported ring gear 3023 and ring gear 3033 in system shell 6003.The row of second planetary gear train 3020
Carrier 3024 and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 are connected.The planet carrier 4044 and third planet train 3030 of fourth planet train 4040
Planet carrier 3034 be fixed together.Structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
The between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system and relates generally to four kinds of operating conditions: straight-line travelling TV control
Motor 5001 does not start, and turning driving TV control motor 5001 does not start, and straight-line travelling TV controls motor 5001 and starts, Yi Jizhuan
Curved traveling TV control motor 5001 starts.The reality of in due course four-wheel drive system is actively distributed between centers torque universe shown in FIG. 1 below
For the structural schematic diagram for applying example one, four kinds of operating conditions are illustrated respectively:
(1) straight-line travelling TV controls motor 5001 and does not start.
When automobile drives at a constant speed in horizontal good road surface, antero posterior axis driving wheel and road surface attachment are good, and axle load is not
Significant change can occur, therefore, between antero posterior axis be not necessarily to carry out the fixed direction allocation of torque, TV is controlled at this time does not have in motor 5001
Electric signal is controlled, TV control motor 5001 does not work, and the torque transfer that power assembly is inputted through power input shaft 5003 is to defeated
Enter sprocket wheel 1000, torque is all transmitted on output chain gear 6000 by input sprocket 1000 using transmission chain 6002, then into one
Step passes to front axle 6001, so that automobile front axle driving wheel be made to obtain driving torque.Automobile is preceding bridge driving condition at this time.
In terms of rotation speed relation, as positive direction, when retroversion is for the direction of rotation of front axle and rear axle when set driving automobile advance
Negative direction.If automobile antero posterior axis revolving speed is n, i.e. the revolving speed n of the sun gear 2011 of the first planetary gear train 2010S1And planet carrier
2014 revolving speed nH1It is equal, i.e. nS1=nH1=n.In order to reduce motor idle running bring inertia loss and anti-electronic as far as possible
Potential energy consumption should be avoided TV control motor 5001 and dally, i.e. the hollow internal rotor of transference TV control motor 5001 be connected the
The revolving speed n of the sun gear 4041 of four planetary gear trains 4040S4=0.Due to the ring gear 4043 and 4 wheel driven of fourth planet train 4040
System casing 6003 is connected, revolving speed nR4=0, therefore the revolving speed n of the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040H4=0.Due to
The ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030 and the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040 be connected, then ring gear 3033
Revolving speed nR3=0.Again because the ring gear 3023 and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 of the second planetary gear train 3020 are connected, therefore ring gear
3023 revolving speed nR2=0.Again due to the planet carrier of the planet carrier 3024 of the second planetary gear train 3020 and third planet train 3030
3034 are fixed with one, therefore the revolving speed n of planet carrier 3024H2With the revolving speed n of planet carrier 3034H3It is identical, i.e. nH2=nH3, and due to
Second planetary gear train 3020 and the planet row characteristic parameter having the same of third planet train 3030 and planet row type, then can obtain
The revolving speed n of the sun gear 3021 of two planetary gear trainsS2With the revolving speed n of sun gear 3031S3It is identical, i.e. nS2=nS3.Again because of the third line
The planet carrier 2014 of the sun gear 3031 of star wheel series 3030 and the first planetary gear train 2010 is connected as one by rear axle 5002, therefore
The two revolving speed is identical, i.e. nH1=nS3, then n can be obtainedH1=nS2.Because of the ring gear 2013 and the second row of the first planetary gear train 2010
The sun gear 3021 of star wheel series 3020 is fixed with one, therefore the revolving speed n of ring gear 2013R1With the revolving speed n of sun gear 3021S2Phase
Together, i.e. nR1=nS2, so ring gear 2013 is identical with the revolving speed of planet carrier 2014 for the first planetary gear train 2010,
That is nR1=nH1, then according to single planetary row revolving speed formula, it is identical with the revolving speed of planet carrier 2014 to obtain sun gear 2011, i.e.,
nS1=nH1.Transmission ratio additionally, due to input sprocket 1000 and output chain gear 6000 is 1, so when automobile antero posterior axis revolving speed it is complete
It is exactly the same.This conclusion identical with antero posterior axis revolving speed when the automobile straight-line travelling derived above coincide, so when can guarantee TV
Control motor 5001 will not generate idle running, save energy.
In terms of torque relationship, if the torque that power assembly is inputted through power input shaft 5003 at this time is T0(T0For positive value), then
The torque for passing to input sprocket 1000 is T0, torque is all transmitted to output using transmission chain 6002 by input sprocket 1000
On sprocket wheel 6000, front axle 6001 is further passed to, then axle input torque T obtainedBefore、TAfterwardsRespectively TBefore=T0,
TAfterwards=0, it is seen that between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system and is now in two drive states, preceding
Bridge is drive axle.The distribution flow direction of torque at this time is as shown in Figure 4.
(2) turning driving TV controls motor 5001 and does not start.
Under this operating condition, the driving wheel distance, that is, front-rear axle instantaneous apart from automobile turning before and after automobile when due to automobile turning
Average turning radius it is not identical, the mean speed of preceding two wheels of bridge is slightly above the mean speed of two wheels of rear axle, this
Cause the antero posterior axis revolving speed in the utility model for connecting front-rear axle that can also slightly have rotational speed difference.The rotational speed difference is by center differential
2000 realize auto―adaptive test under the premise of front and back shaft torque distributes to realize not change, that is, connect the first planet of front axle 6001
2014 the two revolving speed of planet carrier of first planetary gear train 2010 of the sun gear 2011 and connection rear axle 5002 of train 2010 has one
Determine rotational speed difference, i.e. nS1≠nH1, then according to single planetary row revolving speed formula, 2014 He of planet carrier of the first planetary gear train 2010 can be obtained
Both ring gears 2013 revolving speed has certain rotational speed difference, i.e. nH1≠nR1, due to the ring gear 2013 and row of the first planetary gear train 2010
3031 spline of sun gear with the sun gear 3021 of the second planetary gear train 3020 and third planet train 3030 respectively of carrier 2014
Connection, therefore at this point, the sun gear 3021 of the second planetary gear train 3020 and the sun gear 3031 of third planet train 3030 have one
A minimum rotational speed difference, i.e. nS2≠nS3.Again because the second planetary gear train 3020 and 3030 characteristic parameter of third planet train are complete
Identical and two planet carriers 3024 and 3034 are fixed with one, i.e. the two revolving speed nH2=nH3, then public according to single planetary row revolving speed
Formula, can obtain both the ring gear 3023 of the second planetary gear train 3020 and the ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030 revolving speed has one
Determine rotational speed difference, i.e. nR2≠nR3, because the ring gear 3023 of the second planetary gear train 3020 and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 are connected, therefore
nR2=0, then it can obtain the revolving speed n of the ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030R3≠0.Due to the row of fourth planet train 4040
The ring gear 3033 of carrier 4044 and third planet train 3030 is connected, then turn of the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040
Fast nH4=nR3≠ 0, at this time since the ring gear 4043 of fourth planet train 4040 and four-wheel drive system shell 6003 are connected, therefore the
The revolving speed n of the sun gear 4041 of four planetary gear trains 4040S4≠ 0, i.e., the TV control motor 5001 being connect with 4041 spline of sun gear
Hollow internal rotor can generate slight idle running.But because idler revolutions are minimum, the energy consumption generated is also minimum, substantially can be with
Ignore, and generally turning process compare the straight-line travelling operating condition frequency of occurrences and the time it is relatively fewer, therefore work as turning process knot
Shu Hou, antero posterior axis revolving speed become identical, and TV control 5001 revolving speed of motor can revert to rapidly 0, no longer generate idle running, therefore, and
The economy of vehicle is not influenced.
When turning driving TV control motor 5001 does not start, although the revolving speed of antero posterior axis is with the presence of certain rotational speed difference, institute
The between centers torque universe stated actively distributes the torque relations of distribution of in due course four-wheel drive system, not with straight-line travelling TV control motor 5001
The operating condition of starting is identical, i.e. TBefore=T0, TAfterwards=0, automobile drives state still in two at this time, and preceding bridge is drive axle.At this time
Torque distribution flow direction it is as shown in Figure 4.
(3) straight-line travelling TV controls motor 5001 and starts.
Automobile in the process of moving, if the axle load of automobile move back or front axle driving wheel and the attachment coefficient on ground it is smaller,
Then it is likely to occur that front axle driving wheel trackslips since torque is excessive, rear axle driving wheel is unable to give full play since torque is insufficient
The phenomenon that adhewsive action between ground.At this time in order to improve the dynamic property and passability of automobile, need guaranteeing total driving
In the case that torque is constant, increase the driving torque of rear axle 5002, reduces the driving torque of front axle 6001, i.e., pass through power assembly
Input sprocket 1000 distributes to the driving torque part of automobile front axle 6001 orientation and is transferred to automobile hind axle 5002.
Under any state, the torque that power input shaft 5003 inputs is fully allocated to front axle 6001, i.e. T alwaysBefore=T0,
TAfterwards=0.If necessary to realize the fixed direction allocation of front and back between centers torque by above-mentioned working condition requirement, just motor need to be controlled by TV at this time
5001 complete.Now with automobile axle load move back or front axle driving wheel and the lesser duty requirements of the attachment coefficient on ground for into
Row analysis, before illustrating that between centers torque universe described in the utility model actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system in automobile straight-line travelling
Torque fixed direction allocation working principle between rear axle.
It, should be by automobile front axle 6001 when automobile axle load moves back or front axle driving wheel and when the smaller attachment coefficient on ground
Part driving torque fixed direction allocation is to automobile hind axle 5002.The TV control motor 5001 of electric signal control at this time exports forward torque T
(T is positive value), the then sun gear for the fourth planet train 4040 being connect with the hollow internal rotor spline of TV control motor 5001
4041 torque TS4=T obtains the torque T of the planet carrier 4044 of fourth planet train 4040 according to single planetary row torque formulaH4
=-(k4+ 1) T (wherein k4For the planet row characteristic parameter of fourth planet train 4040), then the planet of fourth planet train 4040
It is T that frame 4044, which is exported to the torque of the ring gear 3033 of third planet train 3030,R3=(k4+1)T.If the second planetary gear train
3020 and the planet row characteristic parameter of third planet train 3030 be k, i.e. k2=k3=k, then it is public according to single planetary row torque
Formula, the torque for obtaining the sun gear 3031 and planet carrier 3034 of third planet train 3030 are respectivelySo the torque that sun gear 3031 exports in third planet train 3030
ForThe torque increment for being then input to rear axle 5002 isPlanet carrier 3034 export torque beThen the input torque of planet carrier 3024 is in the second planetary gear train 3020Root
According to single planetary row torque formula, the torque of the sun gear 3021 of the second planetary gear train 3020 is obtainedThen sun gear
3021 output torque beThe torque for being then input to the ring gear 2013 of the first planetary gear train 2010 isAccording to single planetary row torque formula, the sun gear 2011 and planet carrier 2014 of the first planetary gear train 2010 are obtained
Torque is respectively Then in the first planetary gear train 2010 planet carrier 2014 it is defeated
Torque out isThe torque increment for being then input to rear axle 5002 isTherefore defeated
Enter to the total torque increment T of rear axle 5002Afterwards' it is that the sun gear 3031 of third planet train 3030 inputs to the torque of rear axle 5002
Increment TAfterwards 1', the planet carrier 2014 of the first planetary gear train 2010 input to the torque increment T of rear axle 5002Afterwards 2The sum of ' two parts, i.e.,The output torque of sun gear 2011 isThen it is input to turning for input sprocket 1000
Square increment isTherefore, the torque increment for being transmitted to front axle 6001 isIt can be seen that TV is controlled
Motor 5001 is input to through TV control motor decelerating mechanism 4000, double planet wheel rows of mixing TV coupling mechanism 3000 and center differential 2000
Big reversed (the sign of its torque increment TV control motor 5001 as shown in Figure 5 to front and back such as torque increment of front axle and rear axle
Shown in positive and negative number marked on shaft torque distribution stream), i.e. TBefore'=- TAfterwards′.Above-mentioned torque increment and power assembly distribute to front and back
After the torque synthesis of axis, the driving torque that can obtain front axle 6001 at this time becomesThe driving of rear axle 5002 turns
Square becomesIt can be seen that TV control 5001 off position of motor that compares, the at this time driving of front axle 6001 turn
Square decline, 5002 driving torque of rear axle increase, that is, realize under conditions of not changing total driving torque, and torque is from front axle 6001
It shifts and distributes to the orientation of rear axle 5002.Torque distribution flow direction at this time is as shown in Figure 5.Under limiting case, control TV control electricity
The output torque of machine 5001It may be implemented power assembly distributing to turning for front axle 6001 through input sprocket 1000
Square is fully transferred to rear axle 5002, to realize rear bridge driven.
A bit need to be remarked additionally, if when automobile axle load Forward or rear axle driving wheel and the smaller attachment coefficient on ground,
Because automobile is originally at forerunner's mode, it is not necessarily to carry out torque fixed direction allocation between axle, TV controls motor at this time
5001 do not work.Under this operating condition, the between centers torque universe actively distributes the rotation speed relation and torque of in due course four-wheel drive system
The relations of distribution, it is identical as the operating condition that straight-line travelling TV control motor 5001 does not start, it no longer repeats herein.Torque distribution at this time
Flow direction is as shown in Figure 4.
(4) turning driving TV controls motor 5001 and starts.
Under this operating condition, the between centers torque universe actively distributes the rotation speed relation and power assembly of in due course four-wheel drive system
Whole torques are distributed to the torque relations of distribution of front axle 6001, the operating condition phase not started with turning driving TV control motor 5001
Together, it no longer repeats herein.The output torque that TV controls motor 5001 waits big opposite torque increment for front and back shaft torque
It is identical with the operating condition that straight-line travelling TV control motor 5001 starts, it also no longer repeats herein.Torque at this time distributes flow direction
As shown in Figure 5.
It is not only in the description and the implementation although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above
Listed utilization, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention completely, for those skilled in the art,
Other modifications may be easily implemented, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, this reality
It is not limited to specific details and legend shown and described herein with novel.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system characterized by comprising
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, first sun gear is fixedly connected with the power input shaft, and the first planet carrier is fixed with the rear axle
Connection, first ring gear are equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of first ring gear is on the rear axle；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft of first ring gear, second ring gear and 4 wheel driven
System casing is fixedly connected；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the rear axle；The third planet carrier is fixed with second planet carrier
Connection；
Wherein, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet row class
Type；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, the hollow output shaft empty set is on the rear axle, and the hollow output
Axis is connect by deceleration mechanism with the third ring gear；
The deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet train comprising the 4th sun gear, fourth line star-wheel, fourth line carrier and the 4th
Ring gear；
Wherein, the 4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；The fourth line carrier and the third internal tooth
Circle is fixedly connected；4th ring gear is fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell；
Input sprocket is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
2. between centers torque universe according to claim 1 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the input
The transmission ratio of sprocket wheel and the output chain gear is 1.
3. between centers torque universe according to claim 1 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that described first
It is connected between the hollow shaft of ring gear and the rear axle by bearing.
4. between centers torque universe according to claim 1 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the TV control
Motor processed is cartridge type inner rotor motor.
5. between centers torque universe according to claim 4 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that described hollow
It is connected between output shaft and the rear axle by bearing.
6. between centers torque universe according to claim 5 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the TV
The stator and shell for controlling motor are fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell.
7. between centers torque universe according to claim 6 actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system, which is characterized in that the TV control
The hollow output shaft of motor processed is connect with the centre bore of the 4th sun gear by spline.
8. a kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system characterized by comprising
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, first sun gear is fixedly connected with the power input shaft, and the first planet carrier is fixed with the rear axle
Connection, first ring gear are equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of first ring gear is on the rear axle；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of second sun gear is described on the rear axle
It is connected between the hollow shaft of second sun gear and the rear axle by bearing；Second planet carrier and first ring gear
Hollow shaft is fixedly connected, and second ring gear is fixedly connected with four-wheel drive system shell；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft of second sun gear；The third planet carrier with it is described
Rear axle is fixedly connected；
Wherein, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet row class
Type；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, the hollow output shaft empty set is on the rear axle, and the hollow output
Axis is connect by deceleration mechanism with the third ring gear；
The deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet train comprising the 4th sun gear, fourth line star-wheel, fourth line carrier and the 4th
Ring gear；
Wherein, the 4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；The fourth line carrier and the third internal tooth
Circle is fixedly connected；4th ring gear is fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell；
Input sprocket is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
9. a kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system characterized by comprising
Power input shaft；
Front axle；
Rear axle；
First planetary gear train comprising the first sun gear, the first planetary gear, first planet carrier and the first ring gear；
Wherein, first sun gear is fixedly connected with the power input shaft, and the first planet carrier is fixed with the rear axle
Connection, first ring gear are equipped with hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft empty set of first ring gear is on the rear axle；
Second planetary gear train comprising the second sun gear, the second planetary gear, the second planet carrier and the second ring gear；
Wherein, second sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow shaft of first ring gear, second planet carrier and 4 wheel driven
System casing is fixedly connected；
Third planet train comprising third sun gear, the third line star-wheel, third planet carrier and third ring gear；
Wherein, the third sun gear is fixedly connected with the rear axle；The third ring gear is fixed with second ring gear
Connection is connected between second ring gear and the third ring gear and the four-wheel drive system shell by bearing；
Wherein, second planetary gear train and third planet train planet row characteristic parameter having the same and planet row class
Type；
TV controls motor, is equipped with hollow output shaft, the hollow output shaft empty set is on the rear axle, and the hollow output
Axis is connect by deceleration mechanism with the third planet carrier；
The deceleration mechanism includes fourth planet train comprising the 4th sun gear, fourth line star-wheel, fourth line carrier and the 4th
Ring gear；
Wherein, the 4th sun gear is fixedly connected with the hollow output shaft；The fourth line carrier and the third planet
Frame is fixedly connected；4th ring gear is fixedly connected with the four-wheel drive system shell；
Input sprocket is fixedly connected with the power input shaft；
Output chain gear is fixedly connected with the front axle；
Wherein, the input sprocket and the output chain gear carry out power transmission by transmission chain.
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| CN108501702A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-09-07 | 吉林大学 | A kind of between centers torque universe actively distributes in due course four-wheel drive system |
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