CN208125726U - A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit - Google Patents
A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN208125726U CN208125726U CN201820416218.9U CN201820416218U CN208125726U CN 208125726 U CN208125726 U CN 208125726U CN 201820416218 U CN201820416218 U CN 201820416218U CN 208125726 U CN208125726 U CN 208125726U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to geotechnical engineering field, is related to a kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit.Simulation ground fissure expanding unit described in the utility model, including frame, observation window, baffle, lower wall support plate, upper disk support plate, reserved crack, become tilt angle device, bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device, artificial portable rain controller can also be set at the top of frame, the artificial portable rain controller controls rainfall by Flow speed measurer.Loading device described in the utility model includes bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device, and bottom basement rock in model casing can be made to simulate positive reverse fault movement, strike-slip fault movement, walk the movement of cunning-normal fault, walk cunning-reverse fault movement --- the influence to upper earthing body.In addition, the utility model has simple and direct operating process, economy, Consideration diversification, the problems such as basement movement type in general simulation test is single, movement inclination angle can not change, boundary effect is significant, ignores rainfall influences is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to geotechnical engineering field, is related to a kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit, and in particular to Yi Zhongshi
For simulating the device of influence of the Rock And Soil fracture to upper earthing body.
Background technique
At present in the work progress of various Rock And Soil engineerings, people increasingly tend to rely on indoor physical model test
It simulates the evolution of various stress fields inside Rock And Soil, and finally obtains desired conclusion and parameter.But some physical models try
The rupture that experiment device is only capable of simulation fault movements and can not observe earthing body is regular, such as two realities that Huaqiao University is submitted
With novel：One kind can pressurize strike-slip fault changing of the relative positions simulator and analogue experiment method and a kind of oblique glide fault simulator
And analogy method, although some physical model test devices can observe the rupture rule of earthing body, what can be simulated is disconnected
Layer type of sports is single, such as a kind of utility model patent (examination for simulating the positive reverse fault movement of Rock And Soil of Zhejiang University's application
Experiment device and method), positive reverse fault movement can only be simulated, strike-slip fault movement cannot be but simulated and walk cunning-normal fault and walk
Cunning-reverse fault movement.Aforementioned three utility model patents all do not consider boundary effect and rainfall environment to basement fault simultaneously
The influence of movement.According to numerical simulation calculation, when model dimension is lesser, boundary effect has very big shadow to final result
It rings.Therefore, the small-sized physical for designing a kind of a plurality of types of basement faults movements of analog, considering boundary effect and rainfall environment
Model is necessary.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of simulation ground fissure expanding units, and solving existing physical model can mould
Quasi- basement fault type is single, do not consider the problems of boundary effect and rainfall environment moves basement fault influences.
The realization process of the utility model is as follows：
A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit, including it is frame, observation window, baffle, lower wall support plate, upper disk support plate, pre-
It stays crack, become tilt angle device, bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device；The simulation ground fissure expanding unit is by frame branch
Support, the frame are cuboid support frame, and the soil body is symmetrically divided into the upper disk soil body and the lower wall soil body with vertical shaft by the frame, described
Lower wall support plate is set below the lower wall soil body, upper disk support plate, setting below lower wall support plate are set below the upper disk soil body
Fixed braced frame, upper disk support plate lower section are arranged movable braced frame, set between the upper disk soil body and the lower wall soil body
Reserved crack is set, the lower edge for reserving crack is the intersection of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate, the lower edge in the reserved crack
It is connect with the frame of the intersection of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate, baffle, institute is arranged in the upper disk soil body side of the frame
It states baffle upper end to connect with frame, the baffle lower end is movable, front, the back side and the another side setting observation of the frame
Window, the top of the frame are opening, and setting becomes tilt angle device on the frame below the observation window of two sides adjacent with baffle, in work
Bottom-loaded device is set below dynamic braced frame, and side wall loading device, the lower wall is arranged in lower wall support plate two sides
The braced frame of side wall loading device is set on the frame of support plate two sides.
Further, the baffle upper end is connect with frame by bearing, and the central axis of the baffle upper end and bearing is fixed
Connection, the bearing are fixed by screws in the frame, three pairs of screws of position setting of the baffle upper end and contact therewith
Mounting hole, when the bearing is individually fixed in three pairs of screw hole sites, the inclination angle of the baffle is to appoint in 90 °, 75 ° or 60 °
One of meaning.
Further, the upper disk support plate and lower wall support plate are movable supporting plate, the upper disk support plate and lower wall
Support plate is steel plate, and the upper disk support plate and lower wall support plate are respectively provided with uniform aperture, covers on the aperture and does not leak
Soil and seepy material.
Further, the frame is made of square steel, the length of the frame：It is wide：It is high：Bottom-loaded device height ratio is 3:1:
2:1-6:1:5:1；Observation window is tempered glass, the tempered glass with a thickness of 10-15mm；The lower edge in the reserved crack with
The intersection frame of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate by articulated connection, the inclination angle in the reserved crack be 90 °, 75 ° or
One of any in 60 °, the reserved crack is smooth stalloy or mica sheet, the reserved crack with a thickness of 2.5-4mm, institute
Stating reserved crack can change inclination angle and height, so that there is the straight smooth deep of certain inclination angle and vertical range to split for simulation
Seam face；Monitoring instrument is set in the upper disk soil body and lower wall inside soil body, the monitoring instrument includes Settlement Cup, pressure cell；It is described
The upper disk soil body and lower wall soil body surface place displacement sensor.
Further, the change tilt angle device is made of angle steel, idler wheel and oblique groove guide rail, and oblique groove guide rail passes through with frame
It is welded to connect, the oblique groove guide rail is made of three different grooved rails in inclination angle, and the inclination angle of the grooved rail is respectively
By being welded to connect, the other end of the angle steel is set side by side for 90 °, 75 °, 60 °, one end of the angle steel and movable braced frame
Three guide holes are set, the position of three guide holes respectively corresponds three different grooved rails in inclination angle, the guide hole and oblique groove
Idler wheel is set between guide rail, one end insertion inclination angle of idler wheel be it is one of any in 90 °, 75 ° or 60 ° described in oblique groove guide rail,
The guide hole that the other end of idler wheel passes through angle steel passes through screw and Bolted angle connection.
Further, the bottom-loaded device is made of bottom jack, groove pulley and pulley guide rails, the bottom thousand
Support base is arranged in the pedestal on jin top, and the support base and frame, which pass through, to be welded to connect, the top of bottom jack and groove
Pulley is arranged below movable braced frame by screw connection, the pulley guide rails, and groove pulley is sliding in pulley guide rails
It is dynamic.
Further, the braced frame of side wall loading device and frame pass through welded connecting；The side wall loading device is by side
Wall jack, stressed plate, No. 1 sidewall steel plate and No. 2 sidewall steel plate compositions；The pedestal of the side wall jack is fixed on side wall and adds
It carries in the braced frame set, the top of side wall jack and groove pulley pass through screw connection, set on the outside of the stressed plate
Pulley guide rails are set, groove pulley slides in pulley guide rails, and the inside of the stressed plate is in contact with No. 1 sidewall steel plate, and described 1
Number sidewall steel plate is rectangle steel plate, is equipped with slot, the frame of lower wall support plate two sides among No. 1 sidewall steel plate
Frame passes through the slot, and one end of No. 2 sidewall steel plates is in contact with reserved crack, No. 2 sidewall steel plates it is another
One end is laterally bolted with No. 1 the upper of sidewall steel plate, and No. 2 sidewall steel plates are that minimum angle is 90 ° of rectangle steel plates, most
It is one of any in the right-angled trapezium that the right-angled trapezium or minimum angle that small angle is 75 ° are 60 °, it can be according to the position and angle in reserved crack
Degree is replaced, the influence for avoiding reserved crack from moving sidewall steel plate.
The application method of above-mentioned simulation ground fissure expanding unit, includes the following steps：
1) side wall loading device is adjusted：No. 2 sidewall steel plates are mounted in No. 1 sidewall steel plate, and mobile No. 1 sidewall steel plate
It is allowed to be close to frame；
2) it adjusts and becomes tilt angle device：By in one end insertion oblique groove guide rail of idler wheel, the other end of idler wheel is passed through on angle steel
Guide hole corresponding with the angle of oblique groove guide rail, passes through screw and Bolted angle connection；The inclination angle of oblique groove guide rail and step 1) institute
The angle for stating the minimum angle of No. 2 sidewall steel plates is identical；
3) flapper inclination angle is adjusted：According to the angle at the inclination angle of oblique groove guide rail described in step 2), consolidating for bearing is adjusted
Positioning is set, and keeps the inclination angle of baffle identical as the angle at the inclination angle of oblique groove guide rail described in step 2), and the bearing is solid by screw
It is scheduled on the frame；
4) intersection of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate installs reserved crack, the inclination angle in the reserved crack and step
3) tilt angles of the baffle are identical, the lower edge in the reserved crack and the intersection frame of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate
Frame passes through articulated connection；
5) soil sample is filled into the model casing of the simulation ground fissure expanding unit, the soil body is made to squeeze fixed reserved crack,
And tamp the soil body to consistent with the height in reserved crack, the soil body of the compacting is as formation matrix；
6) it keeps bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device motionless, starts layering and fill and tamp overburden layer, it is each
Layer overlay albarium after a soil layer compacting is tamped to the Monitoring Profiles set, is buried for observing upper overburden layer rupture rule
Enter Settlement Cup and pressure cell, for measuring the ess-strain of inside soil body in loading procedure, then proceedes to compacting soil layer to design
Highly；
7) displacement sensor is placed and adjusts in the upper disk soil body and lower wall soil body surface, it is native in loading procedure for monitoring
The sedimentation and deformation in body surface face；
8) as needed adjust bottom-loaded device or adjust side wall loading device or adjust simultaneously bottom-loaded device and
Side wall loading device, horizontal movement or tendency moving displacement terminate after reaching 50mm or bottom-loaded process and side wall loaded
Journey starts simultaneously at while terminating；
9) upper overburden layer crack spread scenarios in loading procedure are observed and recorded by observation window (2), reads pressure cell, sinks
The reading for dropping cup and displacement sensor, counts and analyzes experimental result.
Further, it is also possible to which artificial portable rain controller is arranged at the top of frame, the artificial portable rain controller is by rain controller
Water-supply-pipe is arranged on the rain controller bracket in bracket, water-supply-pipe and sprinkler composition, and one end of the water-supply-pipe is connect with water source,
Spray head is arranged in the other end of the water-supply-pipe, and Flow speed measurer is arranged on the water-supply-pipe, during simulating Ground Fractures ' Development
The phenomenon that " rainfall induces ground fissure activity ".
The application method of above-mentioned simulation ground fissure expanding unit, includes the following steps：
1) side wall loading device is adjusted：No. 2 sidewall steel plates are mounted in No. 1 sidewall steel plate, and mobile No. 1 sidewall steel plate
It is allowed to be close to frame；
2) it adjusts and becomes tilt angle device：By in one end insertion oblique groove guide rail of idler wheel, the other end of idler wheel is passed through on angle steel
Guide hole corresponding with the angle of oblique groove guide rail, passes through screw and Bolted angle connection；The inclination angle of oblique groove guide rail and step 1) institute
The angle for stating the minimum angle of No. 2 sidewall steel plates is identical；
3) flapper inclination angle is adjusted：According to the angle at the inclination angle of oblique groove guide rail described in step 2), consolidating for bearing is adjusted
Positioning is set, and keeps the inclination angle of baffle identical as the angle at the inclination angle of oblique groove guide rail described in step 2), and the bearing is solid by screw
It is scheduled on the frame；
4) intersection of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate installs reserved crack, the inclination angle in the reserved crack and step
3) tilt angles of the baffle are identical, the lower edge in the reserved crack and the intersection frame of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate
Frame passes through articulated connection；
5) soil sample is filled into the model casing of the simulation ground fissure expanding unit, the soil body is made to squeeze fixed reserved crack,
And tamp the soil body to consistent with the height in reserved crack, the soil body of the compacting is as formation matrix；
6) it keeps bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device motionless, starts layering and fill and tamp overburden layer, it is each
Layer overlay albarium after a soil layer compacting is tamped to the Monitoring Profiles set, is buried for observing upper overburden layer rupture rule
Enter Settlement Cup and pressure cell, for measuring the ess-strain of inside soil body in loading procedure, then proceedes to compacting soil layer to design
Highly；
7) displacement sensor is placed and adjusts in the upper disk soil body and lower wall soil body surface, it is native in loading procedure for monitoring
The sedimentation and deformation in body surface face；The Flow speed measurer on water-supply-pipe is adjusted, artificial portable rain controller is controlled by Flow speed measurer
Rainfall, the Flow speed measurer are used to monitor the water velocity in water-supply-pipe；
8) bottom-loaded device and artificial portable rain controller are adjusted, or adjusts side wall loading device and artificial portable rainfall
Device, or adjust bottom-loaded device, side wall loading device and artificial portable rain controller：Rainfall and bottom-loaded mistake are carried out simultaneously
Journey perhaps carries out rainfall and side wall loading procedure simultaneously or carries out rainfall and side wall load and bottom-loaded process, mould simultaneously
Quasi- rainfall induces the phenomenon of ground fissure activity, while adjusting rainer keeps rainfall consistent with the rainfall in test area, drop
Rain is started simultaneously at loading procedure, is terminated simultaneously；
9) upper overburden layer crack spread scenarios in loading procedure are observed and recorded by observation window, reads pressure cell, sedimentation
The reading of cup, displacement sensor and Flow speed measurer, counts and analyzes experimental result.
The utility model during the test, changes position of bearings, and baffle is made always to keep one with oblique groove guide rail inclination angle
It causes, then state of soil is similar to state of soil when tomography actual activity in model casing.If baffle cannot incline with oblique groove guide rail
Angle is consistent, i.e., boundary condition cannot be consistent with co-hade, then the soil body will receive the resistance of boundary condition obliquely,
Make the soil body be difficult to glide, is not inconsistent with physical condition.
During the test, upper disk support plate serves as the role of hanging wall, and bottom jack is then that disk is caused to support
The reason of plate decline drives upper disk support plate decline to simulate faulting by the decline of bottom jack --- hanging wall
Rise and fall, for upper disk support plate due to welding with angle steel, lifting activity drives the lifting of angle steel again, and oblique groove guide rail then limits
The direction of motion of Guide rollers, angle steel and lower wall support plate, thus can control co-hade, and when test distinguishes Guide rollers
It is embedded in the oblique groove guide rail of different angle, then realizes the purpose for changing co-hade.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are：(1) the utility model main body is frame, steel plate, tempered glass composition
Model casing can be simulated various types of basement faults by loading device and change tilt angle device and transported after being put into soil
It is dynamic --- it including positive reversed fault, strike-slip fault, walks cunning-normal fault and walks cunning-reversed fault, and change loading device rise and fall
And inclination angle, the rate of horizontal movement, the ground fissure spread scenarios from observation window.(2) the utility model during loading,
It can change the Multiple factors such as the soil body, rate, inclination angle, reserved fracture height, position, moisture content, sufficiently realize in actual conditions
The ground fissure that complex situations generate.(3) the utility model method has operation compared with the other methods such as numerical simulation, exploratory trench
Process is simple and direct, the diversification of economy, Consideration, breaches the problem of numerical simulation boundary effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the artificial portable rain controller overall structure diagram that embodiment 1 provides；
Fig. 2 is the simulation ground fissure expanding unit overall structure diagram that embodiment 4 provides；
Fig. 3 is the simulation ground fissure expanding unit main view that embodiment 4 provides；
Fig. 4 is the simulation ground fissure expanding unit side view that embodiment 4 provides；
Fig. 5 is the simulation ground fissure expanding unit top view that embodiment 4 provides；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram for No. 2 sidewall steel plates that embodiment 4 the angle ranging from 75 °；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram for No. 2 sidewall steel plates that embodiment 1 the angle ranging from 90 °；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram for No. 2 sidewall steel plates that embodiment 3 the angle ranging from 60 °；
In figure, 1 frame, 2 observation windows, 31 bearings, 32 baffles, 41 lower wall support plates, disk support plate on 42,5 reserved cracks,
61 angle steel, 62 idler wheels, 63 oblique groove guide rails, 71 bottom jack, 72 groove pulleys, 73 pulley guide rails, 81 side wall jack, 82
Stressed plate, 83 be No. 1 sidewall steel plate, and 84 be No. 2 sidewall steel plates, 91 rain controller brackets, 92 water-supply-pipes, 93 spray heads, and 11 is fixed
Braced frame, 12 movable braced frames, the braced frame of 13 side wall loading devices.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment.
Basement fault type in order to solve existing physical model analog is single, does not consider boundary effect and rainfall
Environment moves the problem of influencing to basement fault, and the utility model provides a kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit.
Simulation ground fissure expanding unit described in the utility model, including frame, observation window, baffle, lower wall support plate, upper disk
Support plate, becomes tilt angle device, bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device at reserved crack；The simulation ground fissure expanding unit
It is supported by frame, the frame is cuboid support frame, and the soil body is symmetrically divided into the upper disk soil body and lower wall with vertical shaft by the frame
The soil body, the lower wall soil body lower section are arranged lower wall support plate, upper disk support plate, lower wall support plate are arranged below the upper disk soil body
Movable braced frame, the upper disk soil body and lower wall soil is arranged in the fixed braced frame of lower section setting, upper disk support plate lower section
Reserved crack is set between body, and the lower edge for reserving crack is the intersection of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate, and described reserve is split
The lower edge of seam is connect with the frame of the intersection of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate, the upper disk soil body side setting of the frame
Baffle, the baffle upper end are connect with frame, and the baffle lower end is movable, front, the back side and the another side of the frame
Observation window is set, and the top of the frame is opening, and setting becomes inclination angle on the frame below the observation window of two sides adjacent with baffle
Bottom-loaded device is arranged in device below movable braced frame, and side wall loading device is arranged in lower wall support plate two sides,
The braced frame of side wall loading device is set on the frame of lower wall support plate two sides.
Further, the baffle upper end is connect with frame by bearing, and the central axis of the baffle upper end and bearing is fixed
Connection, the bearing are fixed by screws in the frame, three pairs of screws of position setting of the baffle upper end and contact therewith
Mounting hole, when the bearing is individually fixed in three pairs of screw hole sites, the inclination angle of the baffle is to appoint in 90 °, 75 ° or 60 °
One of meaning.
Further, the upper disk support plate and lower wall support plate are movable supporting plate, the upper disk support plate and lower wall
Support plate is steel plate, and the upper disk support plate and lower wall support plate are respectively provided with uniform aperture, covers on the aperture and does not leak
Soil and seepy material.
Further, the frame is made of square steel, the length of the frame：It is wide：It is high：Bottom-loaded device height ratio is 3:1:
2:1-6:1:5:1；Observation window is tempered glass, the tempered glass with a thickness of 10-15mm；The lower edge in the reserved crack with
The intersection frame of lower wall support plate and upper disk support plate by articulated connection, the inclination angle in the reserved crack be 90 °, 75 ° or
One of any in 60 °, the reserved crack is smooth stalloy or mica sheet, the reserved crack with a thickness of 2.5-4mm, institute
Stating reserved crack can change inclination angle and height, so that there is the straight smooth deep of certain inclination angle and vertical range to split for simulation
Seam face；Monitoring instrument is set in the upper disk soil body and lower wall inside soil body, the monitoring instrument includes Settlement Cup, pressure cell；It is described
The upper disk soil body and lower wall soil body surface place displacement sensor.
Further, the change tilt angle device is made of angle steel, idler wheel and oblique groove guide rail, and oblique groove guide rail passes through with frame
It is welded to connect, the oblique groove guide rail is made of three different grooved rails in inclination angle, and the inclination angle of the grooved rail is respectively
By being welded to connect, the other end of the angle steel is set side by side for 90 °, 75 °, 60 °, one end of the angle steel and movable braced frame
Three guide holes are set, the position of three guide holes respectively corresponds three different grooved rails in inclination angle, the guide hole and oblique groove
Idler wheel is set between guide rail, one end insertion inclination angle of idler wheel be it is one of any in 90 °, 75 ° or 60 ° described in oblique groove guide rail,
The guide hole that the other end of idler wheel passes through angle steel passes through screw and Bolted angle connection.
Further, the bottom-loaded device is made of bottom jack, groove pulley and pulley guide rails, the bottom thousand
Support base is arranged in the pedestal on jin top, and the support base and frame, which pass through, to be welded to connect, the top of bottom jack and groove
Pulley is arranged below movable braced frame by screw connection, the pulley guide rails, and groove pulley is sliding in pulley guide rails
It is dynamic.
Further, the braced frame of side wall loading device and frame pass through welded connecting；The side wall loading device is by side
Wall jack, stressed plate, No. 1 sidewall steel plate and No. 2 sidewall steel plate compositions；The pedestal of the side wall jack is fixed on side wall and adds
It carries in the braced frame set, the top of side wall jack and groove pulley pass through screw connection, set on the outside of the stressed plate
Pulley guide rails are set, groove pulley slides in pulley guide rails, and the inside of the stressed plate is in contact with No. 1 sidewall steel plate, and described 1
Number sidewall steel plate is rectangle steel plate, is equipped with slot, the frame of lower wall support plate two sides among No. 1 sidewall steel plate
Frame passes through the slot, and one end of No. 2 sidewall steel plates is in contact with reserved crack, No. 2 sidewall steel plates it is another
One end is laterally bolted with No. 1 the upper of sidewall steel plate, and No. 2 sidewall steel plates are that minimum angle is 90 ° of rectangle steel plates, most
It is one of any in the right-angled trapezium that the right-angled trapezium or minimum angle that small angle is 75 ° are 60 °, it can be according to the position and angle in reserved crack
Degree is replaced, the influence for avoiding reserved crack from moving sidewall steel plate.
Further, it is also possible to which artificial portable rain controller is arranged at the top of frame, the artificial portable rain controller is by rain controller
Water-supply-pipe is arranged on the rain controller bracket in bracket, water-supply-pipe and sprinkler composition, and one end of the water-supply-pipe is connect with water source,
Spray head is arranged in the other end of the water-supply-pipe, and Flow speed measurer is arranged on the water-supply-pipe, during simulating Ground Fractures ' Development
The phenomenon that " rainfall induces ground fissure activity ".
Simulation ground fissure expanding unit described in the utility model, can be by changing basement fault when implementing ground fissure simulation
Type changes the parameters such as fault movements inclination angle, boundary condition, condition of raining, movement rate, the position in crack and height, comes real
The test of existing various working.Enumerate the specific embodiment of four kinds of operating conditions hereby to explain：
Embodiment 1
Operating condition 1 (such as Fig. 1) embodiment：1. adjusting side wall loading device：Setting angle be 90 ° No. 2 sidewall steel plates (see
Fig. 7), and mobile sidewall steel plate is allowed to be close to frame, avoids its influence to normal fault movement, 2. adjusts and become tilt angle device：It will
Track roller one end is embedded in the oblique groove guide rail that inclination angle is 90 °, and the other end passes through angle steel guide hole and is screwed, and simulation is inclined
The normal fault that angle is 90 °.3. adjusting flapper inclination angle：Position of bearings is fixed on away from the nearest screw hole of baffle, and will
Baffle and bearing screw connection guarantee that baffle inclination angle is also 90 °, ensure that the phase of model boundary condition with actual boundary condition
Seemingly.4. the smooth stalloy of thickness 3mm is installed among upper disk and lower wall support plate, and adjusting sheet metal inclination angle is 90 °, and it is oblique recessed
Slot guide rail and baffle inclination angle are consistent, and for simulating straight smooth Deep Fractures face, adjustment sheet metal vertical height is
10cm, i.e. institute's simulation fracture vertical height are 10cm, and soil sample is 5. filled into model casing, and soil body extruding is made to fix sheet metal,
And tamp the soil body to 10cm high, 6. the soil layer of 10cm thickness keeps bottom-loaded device and side wall load as formation matrix
Device is motionless, starts layering and fills and tamp overburden layer, and every 10cm is one layer, the white stone of layer overlay after each soil layer compacting
Ash, for observing upper overburden layer rupture rule.Compacting is embedded to a certain number of Settlement Cups and pressure to the Monitoring Profiles set
Box then proceedes to compacting to design height for measuring the ess-strain of inside soil body in loading procedure.7. in the upper disk soil body and
Displacement sensor is placed and adjusted to lower wall soil body surface, for measuring the deformation of the earth's surface in loading procedure, 8. adjusts bottom and adds
It carries and sets and artificial portable rain controller：Rainfall and loading procedure are carried out simultaneously, and " it is living that rainfall often induces ground fissure at simulation scene
It is dynamic " the phenomenon that, bottom jack is adjusted, so that its fall off rate is maintained at 1mm/min, terminates after dropping to 50mm, adjust simultaneously
Rainer keeps rainfall consistent with the rainfall in test area, and rainfall is started simultaneously at jack decline, is terminated simultaneously.9. leading to
It crosses observation window and observes and records upper overburden layer crack spread scenarios in loading procedure, read pressure cell, Settlement Cup and displacement sensing
The reading of device counts and analyzes experimental result.
Embodiment 2
2 embodiment of operating condition：1. adjusting side wall loading device：No. 2 sidewall steel plates that setting angle is 75 °, and mobile side
Wall steel plate is allowed to be close to frame, avoids its influence to normal fault movement, 2. adjusts and become tilt angle device：Track roller one end is embedding
Entering inclination angle is in 75 ° of oblique groove guide rail, and the other end passes through angle steel guide hole and is screwed, and simulation inclination angle is 75 ° just disconnected
Layer.3. adjusting flapper inclination angle：By position of bearings be fixed on it is intermediate that in screw hole, and baffle and bearing screw are connected
It connects, guarantees that baffle inclination angle is also 75 °, ensure that model boundary condition is similar to actual boundary condition.4. in upper disk and lower wall
The mica sheet of installation thickness 3mm among support plate, and adjusting sheet metal inclination angle is 75 °, is kept with oblique groove guide rail and baffle inclination angle
Unanimously, for simulating straight smooth Deep Fractures face, adjustment sheet metal vertical height is 15cm, i.e. institute's simulation fracture is vertically high
Degree is 15cm, and soil sample is 5. filled into model casing, so that soil body extruding is fixed sheet metal, and the soil body is tamped to 15cm high, should
6. the soil layer of 15cm thickness keeps bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device motionless as formation matrix, start in compaction in layers
Overburden layer is tamped to the Monitoring Profiles set, a certain number of Settlement Cups and pressure cell is embedded to, for measuring in loading procedure
On cover the ess-strain of inside soil body, then proceed to compacting to design height.7. being placed in the upper disk soil body and lower wall soil body surface
And displacement sensor is adjusted, for measuring the deformation of the earth's surface in loading procedure, 8. adjust bottom-loaded device：Adjust bottom thousand
Jin top, makes its fall off rate be maintained at 1mm/min, terminates after dropping to 50mm.9. observing and recording crack by observation window to expand
Situation is opened up, the reading of pressure cell, Settlement Cup and displacement sensor is read, counts and analyze experimental result.
Embodiment 3
3 embodiment of operating condition：1. adjusting side wall loading device：No. 2 sidewall steel plates (see Fig. 8) that setting angle is 60 °, and
Mobile sidewall steel plate is allowed to be close to frame, avoids its influence to reverse fault movement, 2. adjusts and becomes tilt angle device：By track roller
One end is embedded in the oblique groove guide rail that inclination angle is 60 °, and the other end passes through angle steel guide hole and is screwed, and simulation inclination angle is 60 °
Tomography.3. adjusting flapper inclination angle：Position of bearings is fixed on away from the farthest screw hole of baffle, and by baffle and bearing
With screw connection, guarantees that baffle inclination angle is also 60 °, ensure that model boundary condition is similar to actual boundary condition.4. upper
The smooth stalloy of installation thickness 3mm among disk and lower wall support plate, and adjusting sheet metal inclination angle is 60 °, with oblique groove guide rail and
Baffle inclination angle is consistent, and for simulating straight smooth Deep Fractures face, adjustment sheet metal vertical height is 20cm, i.e. institute's mould
Quasi- crack vertical height is 20cm, and soil sample is 5. filled into model casing, so that soil body extruding is fixed sheet metal, and the soil body is tamped
To 20cm high, 6. the soil layer of 20cm thickness fills as formation matrix and tamps overburden layer to 10cm high, 7. adjust bottom and add
It carries and sets：Adjust bottom jack, its fall off rate made to be maintained at 1mm/min, stop after declining 3mm, 8. repeatedly step 5. 6.,
The phenomenon that tamping until soil layer is filled to design height, " changing of the relative positions in deposition " simulated with this.9. simultaneously by observation window observation
Record crack spread scenarios.
Embodiment 4
Operating condition 4 (such as Fig. 2-Fig. 5) embodiment：1. adjusting side wall loading device：No. 2 side wall steel that setting angle is 75 °
Plate (see Fig. 6), and mobile wherein one end sidewall steel plate, are allowed to be inwardly away from frame 50mm, thus simulate strike-slip fault movement, 2.
It adjusts and becomes tilt angle device：In the oblique groove guide rail for being 75 ° by track roller one end insertion inclination angle, the other end passes through angle steel guide hole simultaneously
It is screwed, the tomography that simulation inclination angle is 75 °.3. adjusting flapper inclination angle：By position of bearings be fixed on it is intermediate that spiral shell
In wire hole, and by baffle and bearing screw connection, guarantees that baffle inclination angle is also 75 °, ensure that model boundary condition and reality
Boundary condition it is similar, 4. the smooth sheet metal of thickness 3mm is installed among upper disk and lower wall support plate, and adjust sheet metal inclination angle
It is 75 °, is consistent with oblique groove guide rail and baffle inclination angle, for simulating straight smooth Deep Fractures face, adjusts sheet metal
Vertical height is 20cm, i.e., institute's simulation fracture vertical height is 20cm, is 5. filled into model casing, soil sample, squeezes the soil body solid
Surely sheet metal is lived, and the soil body is tamped to 20cm high, 6. the soil layer of 20cm thickness keeps bottom-loaded device as formation matrix
It is motionless with side wall loading device, start layering and fill and tamp overburden layer, every 10cm is one layer, is spread after each soil layer compacting
One layer of albarium, for observing soil layer rupture rule.Compacting to the Monitoring Profiles set, be embedded to a certain number of Settlement Cups and
Pressure cell covers inside soil body ess-strain on measuring, and then proceedes to compacting to design height, 7. in the upper disk soil body and lower wall
Displacement sensor is placed and adjusted to soil body surface, covers soil body surface deformation in loading procedure for measuring, 8. adjusts simultaneously
Bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device reach its loading speed by adjusting bottom jack and side wall jack
1mm/min, horizontal movement and tendency moving displacement terminate after reaching 50mm simultaneously, are 9. observed and recorded and are loaded by observation window
Upper overburden layer crack spread scenarios, read the reading of pressure cell, Settlement Cup and displacement sensor in journey, count and analyze experiment knot
Fruit.
Compared with prior art, loading device described in the utility model includes bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device,
Bottom basement rock in model casing can be made to simulate positive reverse fault movement, strike-slip fault movement, walk the movement of cunning-normal fault, walk cunning-reversed fault
Movement --- the influence to upper earthing body, wherein the horizontal fortune that the side wall loading device passes through side wall jack and stressed plate
It is dynamic to drive sidewall steel plate horizontal movement, to make bottom basement rock simulation strike-slip fault movement in model casing；By replacing reserved split
Seam is to change inclination angle and height of the reserved crack in upper frame, to simulate the inclination angle in straight smooth Deep Fractures face and hang down
Straight distance.The utility model eliminates boundary effect by flapper, by rainer simulated rainfall environment to upper earthing body
The influence of movement.Furthermore the utility model method has simple and direct operating process, economy, Consideration diversification, overcomes general
The problems such as basement movement type is single in simulation test, movement inclination angle can not change, boundary effect is significant, ignores rainfall influences.
It, cannot the above content is specific preferred embodiment further detailed description of the utility model is combined
Assert that specific embodiment of the present utility model is only limitted to this, for the utility model person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
For, without departing from the concept of the premise utility, several simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as
Belong to the utility model and determines scope of patent protection by the claims submitted.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit, which is characterized in that including frame (1), observation window (2), baffle (32), lower wall branch
Fagging (41), reserved crack (5), becomes tilt angle device, bottom-loaded device and side wall loading device at upper disk support plate (42)；Institute
It states simulation ground fissure expanding unit to be supported by frame (1), the frame (1) is cuboid support frame, and the frame (1) is with vertical shaft
The soil body is symmetrically divided into the upper disk soil body and the lower wall soil body, lower wall support plate (41) are set below the lower wall soil body, the upper disk
It is arranged below the soil body upper disk support plate (42), the fixed braced frame (11) of setting below lower wall support plate (41), upper disk support
Movable braced frame (12) is set below plate (42), is arranged between the upper disk soil body and the lower wall soil body reserved crack (5), in advance
Stay the lower edge in crack (5) for the intersection of lower wall support plate (41) and upper disk support plate (42), the lower edge of the reserved crack (5)
It is connect with the frame (1) of the intersection of lower wall support plate (41) and upper disk support plate (42), the upper disk soil body one of the frame (1)
Baffle (32) are arranged in side, and baffle (32) upper end is connect with frame (1), and baffle (32) lower end is movable, the frame
(1) front, the back side and another side setting observation window (2), the top of the frame (1) is opening, adjacent with baffle (32)
Setting becomes tilt angle device on frame (1) below the observation window (2) of two sides, and bottom is arranged below movable braced frame (12)
Side wall loading device, the frame of lower wall support plate (41) two sides is arranged in loading device, lower wall support plate (41) two sides
(1) braced frame (13) of side wall loading device is set on.
2. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Baffle (32) upper end and frame
(1) it is connected by bearing (31), baffle (32) upper end is fixedly connected with the central axis of bearing (31), and the bearing (31) is logical
It crosses screw to be fixed on the frame (1), the position that baffle (32) upper end is contacted with frame (1) is arranged three pairs of screws and installs
Hole, when the bearing (31) is individually fixed in three pairs of screw hole sites, the inclination angle of the baffle (32) is 90 °, 75 ° or 60 °
In it is one of any.
3. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper disk support plate (42) and lower wall
Support plate (41) is movable supporting plate, and the upper disk support plate (42) and lower wall support plate (41) are steel plate, the upper disk
Support plate (42) and lower wall support plate (41) are respectively provided with uniform aperture, cover on the aperture and do not leak soil and seepy material.
4. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The frame (1) is made of square steel, institute
State the length of frame (1)：It is wide：It is high：Bottom-loaded device height ratio is 3:1:2:1-6:1:5:1；Observation window (2) is tempered glass,
The tempered glass with a thickness of 10-15mm；The lower edge and lower wall support plate (41) and upper disk support plate of the reserved crack (5)
(42) intersection frame (1) by articulated connection, the inclination angle of the reserved crack (5) be in 90 °, 75 ° or 60 ° it is any it
One, the reserved crack (5) be smooth stalloy or mica sheet, the reserved crack (5) with a thickness of 2.5-4mm, in upper disk
Monitoring instrument is arranged in the soil body and lower wall inside soil body, and the monitoring instrument includes Settlement Cup, pressure cell；The upper disk soil body is under
Disk soil body surface places displacement sensor.
5. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The change tilt angle device is by angle steel
(61), idler wheel (62) and oblique groove guide rail (63) composition, oblique groove guide rail (63) and frame (1) are described oblique by being welded to connect
Grooved rail (63) is made of three different grooved rails in inclination angle, and the inclination angle of the grooved rail is respectively 90 °, 75 °, 60 °,
By being welded to connect, the other end of the angle steel (61) is set side by side for one end and movable braced frame (12) of the angle steel (61)
Three guide holes are set, the position of three guide holes respectively corresponds three different grooved rails in inclination angle, the guide hole and oblique groove
Idler wheel (62) are set between guide rail (63), one end insertion inclination angle of idler wheel (62) be it is one of any in 90 °, 75 ° or 60 ° described in tiltedly
In grooved rail (63), the guide hole that the other end of idler wheel (62) passes through angle steel (61) is connect by screw with angle steel (61).
6. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The bottom-loaded device is by bottom thousand
Support base is arranged in jin top (71), groove pulley (72) and pulley guide rails (73) composition, the pedestal of the bottom jack (71),
By being welded to connect, the top and groove pulley (72) of bottom jack (71) pass through screw for the support base and frame (1)
Connection, pulley guide rails (73) setting is below movable braced frame (12), and groove pulley (72) is in pulley guide rails (73)
Upper sliding.
7. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The braced frame of side wall loading device
(13) pass through welded connecting with frame (1)；The side wall loading device is by side wall jack (81), stressed plate (82), No. 1 side wall
Steel plate (83) and No. 2 sidewall steel plate (84) compositions；The pedestal of the side wall jack (81) is fixed on the branch of side wall loading device
On support frame frame (13), the top and groove pulley (72) of side wall jack (81) pass through screw connection, the stressed plate (82)
Pulley guide rails (73) are arranged in outside, and groove pulley (72) slides on pulley guide rails (73), the inside and 1 of the stressed plate (82)
Number sidewall steel plate (83) is in contact, and No. 1 sidewall steel plate (83) is rectangle steel plate, and No. 1 sidewall steel plate (83) is intermediate
Equipped with slot, the frame (1) of lower wall support plate (41) two sides passes through the slot, No. 2 sidewall steel plates
(84) one end is in contact with reserved crack (5), the other end of No. 2 sidewall steel plates (84) and No. 1 sidewall steel plate (83)
On be laterally bolted, No. 2 sidewall steel plates (84) are the right angle that minimum angle is 90 ° of rectangle steel plates, minimum angle is 75 °
It is one of any in the right-angled trapezium that trapezoidal or minimum angle is 60 °.
8. simulating ground fissure expanding unit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：At the top of frame (1), setting is artificial
Portable rain controller, the artificial portable rain controller is by rain controller bracket (91), water-supply-pipe (92) and spray head (93) composition, the drop
Water-supply-pipe (92) are set on rain device bracket (91), one end of the water-supply-pipe (92) is connect with water source, the water-supply-pipe (92)
Spray head (93) are arranged in the other end, and Flow speed measurer is arranged on the water-supply-pipe (92).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820416218.9U CN208125726U (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820416218.9U CN208125726U (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit |
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| CN208125726U true CN208125726U (en) | 2018-11-20 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108267564A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-10 | 长安大学 | A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit and its application method |
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2018
- 2018-03-27 CN CN201820416218.9U patent/CN208125726U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108267564A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-10 | 长安大学 | A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit and its application method |
| CN108267564B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2023-10-03 | 长安大学 | Simulated ground crack expansion device and application method thereof |
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