CN208091684U - Hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under a kind of big cutting-in - Google Patents

Abstract

Hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under a kind of big cutting-in of the utility model.The system includes normal line cutting experiment platform, data collecting instrument, strain gauge, eddy current displacement sensor, it is characterised in that：It using customization hobboing cutter, and hangs down in its side and gives radial lay in plane and lay the strain gauge by equal circumferential direction interval angles complete cycle at distance, and accordingly constitute test point；The data collecting instrument can acquire the output signal of the three-dimensional force transducer, strain gauge and eddy current displacement sensor in real time.A kind of test method being used cooperatively with the system, it is characterised in that：It is based on truncated singular value regularization method in conjunction with nominal data sample using each measuring point measured stress/strain value of any rolling broken rock moment, going out the moment sword bed plate rock by influence function reverse contacts force component.The utility model is beneficial in that：Test result is accurate and reliable, avoids waste of material and cost increases.

Description

Hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under a kind of big cutting-in

Technical field

The utility model belongs to complete-section tunnel boring machine technology, the intersection of signal analysis and processing technology and catalase Field is related to a kind of tool blade bottom contact force distribution character test system for cutting stripping ground more particularly to a kind of TBM Sword bottom contact force distribution character tests system when rolling breaking hard rock under the big cutting-in of disk cutter.

Background technology

Since 21 century, with the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, ground can use sky Between it is fewer and fewer, reinforce having become necessarily becoming for current urbanization and urban modernization construction to the utilization of the underground space Gesture.During underground space tunnel excavation, excavation is efficient, construction quality is excellent, geology adapts to by it for full face tunnel boring machine Property equal various features by force, be gradually widely used.Full face tunnel boring machine can be divided into two types again：One kind is tunneling boring rock Stone rock tunnel(ling) machine (Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine, country's custom are referred to as TBM, similarly hereinafter), it is main It is used to have the lithostratigraphy of certain self-stable ability to tunnel, (diversion tunnel, railway tunnel is tunneled especially suitable for field long tunnel Road etc.)；Another kind is tunneling boring soft ground tunnelling machine (country's custom is referred to as shield machine, similarly hereinafter), is mainly used for having water Stratum, weak unstable surrounding rock and there are the city underground engineering of stringent requirement of settlement control or the pick of river-crossing tunnel engineering to earth's surface Into.All in all, during 13, the market demand of China's full face tunnel boring machine is estimated more than 200, and industrial value is up to 50000000000 yuan.

Disk cutter (hereinafter referred to as hobboing cutter) is core broken rock cutter (its performance direct relation of complete-section tunnel boring machine Efficiency and engineering safety are excavated to development machine), the difference being installed on the cutterhead of complete-section tunnel boring machine front end It (is fixed by tool apron) at position.Hobboing cutter is generally made of parts such as cutter ring, knife hub, cutter shaft and bearings.Tunneling boring tunnel digging When working into machine, hobboing cutter can directly press by cutter ring and wedge scar, and with cutterhead under powerful cutterhead thrust Rotation is revolved round the sun around cutter head center axis；Meanwhile it also can be around hobboing cutter own axes rotation, with lasting rolling fractured rock.By It is extremely severe in development machine working environment, in addition knife rock mechanism it is extremely complicated (such as sword bed plate rock theoretical contact area exist connect Phenomena such as touch high concentration), cause the failure accidents such as cutter ring heel and toe wear, cutter ring fracture to occur (such as to unite through engineering again and again Meter shows：In Qinling Tunnel work progress, boring machine cutter consumption cost just account about construction totle drilling cost 30%~ 40%).And existing result of study further shows that：Especially in hard rock or ultrahard rock stratum tunneling construction, the contact of hobboing cutter knife rock It is the main reason for leading to cutter extraordinary failure that contact force, which is unevenly distributed, on interface.As it can be seen that sword bottom contact force when to hobboing cutter broken rock Testing research is carried out to grasp sword bottom contact force distribution character in hobboing cutter rock break-off process to can help to that hob-cutter structure is instructed to design With type selecting, it is hobboing cutter efficiency of breaking rock and extension hobboing cutter service life under hard-heading man's condition to be particularly advantageous for improving.

Since development machine working environment is extremely severe, kinetic characteristics are also extremely complex when hobboing cutter broken rock so that using existing There is the direct collecting test hobboing cutter sword bed plate rock contact force of technology extremely difficult.There are a kind of possibility, i.e., by cutter ring side (because The sword bottom moment participate in attrition crushing rock, therefore can not lay) on by lay electric resistance wire strain gauge (hereinafter referred to as strain gauge) Obtain cutter ring status data, and thus from side its sword bottom contact force distribution character of analysis and assessment indirectly.It is ground according to test Study carefully experience, when (referring generally to cutting-in h and being not more than 10~15mm) roll broken homogeneous soft rock under the small cutting-in range of hobboing cutter, rolling Pressure rock break-off process steadily mitigates relatively, and the safe sticker panel region reserved on cutter ring is larger, can theoretically be strained by laying The method of piece carrys out analysis and assessment indirectly its sword bottom contact force distribution situations.However, for TBM, the usual work of disk cutter Make in hard rock or ultrahard rock stratum, and in order to ensure that higher drivage ratio, the cutting-in of disk cutter are generally located on 10mm or more, This brings huge difficult and challenge to hobboing cutter sword bed plate rock contact force test job：

On the one hand, if roll breaking hard rock under the big cutting-in of hobboing cutter, hobboing cutter step rock breaking effect is extremely strong, sword side rock The violent Fragmentation Phenomena that bursts apart can constantly occur for stone, in order to avoid the damage of sharp rock slag landwaste bumps to the strain gauge laid, Its patch location will be far above cutting-in so that the safety zone that patch is capable of in cutter ring side is narrow, is brought to patch work Extreme difficulties；

On the other hand, different from this special operation condition of small cutting-in rolling soft rock, when the firmly crisp hard rock of hobboing cutter rolling cutting, Hobboing cutter step rock breaking effect is extremely strong, cannot regard steady-state process subject to rock break-off process, therefore the discreteness of gathered data again at this time Larger, later data processing is difficult；

As it can be seen that when rolling breaking hard rock under the big cutting-in of hobboing cutter, to reflect hobboing cutter by laying foil gauge come indirect monitoring Sword bed plate rock contact force distribution character, test the design of hardware system, the reasonable setting of testing program, test parameters it is reasonable Selection, effective screening of test data and processing and the verification of test result, for measuring accuracy and the influence for testing success or failure It is extremely crucial.

Currently, the direct or indirect testing research in relation to sword bed plate rock contact force distribution character in hobboing cutter rock break-off process, fresh It has been reported that.The close achievement in research in part is made by l-G simulation test or theory hypothesis.Such as：Rostami etc. is rule of thumb, it is assumed that Hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force is linear distribution or is evenly distributed with, and hobboing cutter three axis force calculation formula is derived, for instructing hob-cutter structure to design With type selecting；Cho etc. simulates hobboing cutter dynamic rock break-off process using AUTODYN3D, and arranges test point to record in hobboing cutter point of a knife The variation of cutting force；Entacher and jade-like stone etc. have carried out simulation analysis using ABAQUS to hobboing cutter rock break-off process, have obtained rolling The deformation characteristic of knife and rock.Cutter ring stress distribution is simulated when Sun Bin etc. uses NX Nastran to hobboing cutter broken rock, is obtained Maximum stress appears in cutter ring edge immediately below hobboing cutter.Above-mentioned simulation analysis and theory hypothesis are urgently added by research technique With reliable authentication.

In other application field or industrial applications, although there are some reports in relation to contact force testing scheme, such as LED module contacts force test device and its detection method (application number：201410520251.2), engine overhead air distribution camshaft Contact stress test method (application number：201410110600.3), train wheel-rail contact force wireless detection device (application number： 201210362394.6), the bow net contact force prediction method (application number based on NARX neural networks：201110436222.4), The contact resistance and contact force synchro measure structure and method (application number of MEMS material：201410790613.X), multidimensional contact Power and real contact area dynamic synchronization test system and method (application number：201611030857.3) etc., but can not be direct Or indirectly applied to this special occasions of hobboing cutter broken rock.

Invention content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide under a kind of big cutting-in of TBM disk cutters sword bottom contact force when rolling breaking hard rock Distribution character tests system, and reliability is low when overcoming existing means to obtain sword bottom contact force distribution character, poor accuracy, data The deficiencies of dispersion big (and being difficult to handle) and fragile strain gauge, and to instruct hob-cutter structure design and type selecting, and improve Hobboing cutter efficiency of breaking rock especially under hard-heading man's condition, tool life.

Hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under the big cutting-in of the utility model, including hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment Platform, data collecting instrument, hobboing cutter, eddy current displacement sensor and industrial personal computer, it is characterised in that：

The hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform include rack, moved cross beam, tool apron, rock material bin, horizontal table, Vertical Cylinders, longitudinal oil cylinder and cross cylinder；The hobboing cutter includes cutter ring, cutter hub, cutter shaft, bearing and end cap；The hobboing cutter peace In the tool apron；It is also equipped with three-dimensional force transducer between the tool apron and the moved cross beam；

The hobboing cutter is using customization hobboing cutter, including customization cutter ring, customization cutter hub, customization cutter shaft, customization bearing and customization end Lid, it is characterized in that：The customization cutter ring is identical as standard cutter ring in maximum cutting-in blade part sectional dimension below, and described fixed Cutter ring processed processes the vertical plane in side at left and right sides of the blade part more than maximum cutting-in, to lay strain gauge；The customization knife The material of circle, manufacturing processing technic, cutter ring diameter are consistent with the standard cutter ring；It hangs down in plane in the side of the blade part Given radial laying distance h₁Place lays the strain gauge by equal circumferential interval angles Δ θ, and the strain gauge complete cycle be covered with The side of the customization cutter ring is hung down in plane, and constitutes corresponding stress-strain test point, to monitor the customization cutter ring in real time Stress/strain state；

It is laid with label raised points on the customization hobboing cutter side, the installation position of position and the strain gauge is one by one Corresponding and alignment；

The probe of the eddy current displacement sensor is fixedly installed in the tool apron side, and the probe and rotation are extremely The label raised points at minimum point are to just；

The data collecting instrument can acquire the defeated of the three-dimensional force transducer, strain gauge and eddy current displacement sensor in real time Go out signal, and be transmitted to industrial personal computer, to carry out processing analysis.

Preferably, protective cover is fixedly installed above the strain gauge.

It is each in plane preferably, the side at left and right sides of the customization cutter ring is hung down symmetrically to lay strain gauge and corresponding Set up into full-bridge test circuit.

The utility model is beneficial in that：In order to rationally design hobboing cutter cutter ring structure, further investigation hob abrasion machine System, reliable prediction hobboing cutter rock break load, raising hobboing cutter service life and stock-removing efficiency, the utility model provide a kind of big cutting-in Lower hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system solves and rolls breaking hard rock under the big cutting-in of hobboing cutter or when extremely hard rock (is in When TBM cuts operating mode) a series of distinctive test problems include causing because of the strong step breaking feature that hobboing cutter sword bottom generates Sensor easily scrapes damage and the hardware limitations such as sensor is difficult to lay by rock；Further include because hobboing cutter sword bottom generates Strong step breaking feature and cause collected data discrete degree big, and then cause later data analyzing processing difficult, survey The key technology difficulties such as test result serious distortion more can be tested accurately and reliably and obtain hobboing cutter sword bed plate rock contact force distribution spy Property.

Description of the drawings

The utility model patent is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform structural schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is hob-cutter structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is certain type engineering customization cutter ring tooth shape used in standard cutter ring (right side dotted line in figure) and specific implementation one Structure Comparison schematic diagram (left side heavy line in figure).

Fig. 4 is layout position illustration of the single strain rosette on cutter ring.

Fig. 5 is to strain grid partial structurtes enlarged drawing in Fig. 4 at the positions I.

Fig. 6 is the laying of strain gauge (only three groups), eddy current displacement sensor and label raised points on hobboing cutter and tool apron Schematic diagram (front view).

Fig. 7 is that Fig. 6 omits the left view (simplified painting) after tool apron.

Laying effect diagram after actually pasting strain gauge on customization cutter ring as shown in Figure 3 when Fig. 8 is actual test.

Fig. 9 is that the vertical force signal curve, the eddy current displacement sensor that change over time that certain rating test obtains are defeated Go out voltage signal curve, the radial stress signal curve of actual measurement at stress-strain test 1~stress-strain test of point point 3.

Figure 10 is the stress-strain test that the nominal data sample that certain rating test obtains obtains after screening process Change curve of the radial stress value with angular position theta is surveyed at point 2.

Figure 11 be Fig. 7 shown in rolling broken rock moment three equal parts sword bed plate rock theoretical contact area on (by its angular position theta from it is small to Big sequence) contact force component schematic diagram on the unit blade that is subject to is wide.

Figure 12 is the actual measurement mean stress σ obtained by Figure 10 processing_rWith the change curve of angular position theta.

Figure 13 is the L-curve figure that certain site-test analysis obtains.

Specific implementation mode

Specific implementation one.

The utility model specific implementation one is described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 13.Hobboing cutter under the big cutting-in of the utility model Sword bottom contact force characteristic test system, including hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform (see Fig. 1), data collecting instrument (not shown), rolling Knife (4) (see Fig. 1), eddy current displacement sensor (only drawing probe as shown in Figure 7 (10-2)) and industrial personal computer (not shown)； As shown in Figure 1, hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform include rack (1), moved cross beam (2), tool apron (3), rock material bin (5), Horizontal table (6), Vertical Cylinders (7), longitudinal oil cylinder (8) and cross cylinder (14)；It is illustrated in figure 2 the general structure of hobboing cutter Form, including cutter ring (4-1), cutter hub (4-2), snap ring (4-3), cutter shaft (4-4), bearing (4-5), seal assembly (4-6) and end It covers (4-7)；In this example, select the 17 cun of normal section flat sword hobboing cutters of certain type standard being widely used in engineering (using as in Fig. 3 17 cun of normal section flat sword cutter rings of certain type standard shown in the dotted line of right side) it is used as research object.As shown in figure 3, the type standard hob The size factor of the standard cutter ring (hereinafter referred to as standard cutter ring) of (hereinafter referred to as standard hob) includes：Radius R is 216mm, knife Transition arc r at blade (4-1-3)₀For 1.8mm, tool point angle θ₀Smaller is 6 °, the wide a of blade₀For 13mm；In figure, the standard cutter ring Sword bottom (4-1-1) at can not patch, the two sides (4-1-2) of blade part (4-1-3) can patch region it is smaller, and on inclined-plane Upper patch is inconvenient.

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, hobboing cutter (4) is mounted on by cutter shaft (4-4) in tool apron (3)；Tool apron (3) and moved cross beam (2) three-dimensional force transducer (9) is also equipped between, to measure the three-dimensional cutting force that hobboing cutter in cutting process (4) is subject in real time (vertical force, lateral force and rolling force).

The main feature of hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system is as follows under the big cutting-in of the utility model：

It (avoids the landwaste for bursting apart from scraping to wear to reliably protect strain gauge under big cutting-in rolling breaking hard rock operating mode Hinder strain gauge), while for the ease of patch, hobboing cutter (4) (hereinafter referred to as customizes rolling using the customization hobboing cutter of non-standard test Knife), including customization cutter ring, customization cutter hub, customization cutter shaft, customization bearing and customization end cap, it is characterized in that：It is characterized in that：Using The cross section profile size as shown in left side heavy line in Fig. 3 designs and manufactures customization cutter ring (the following letter of non-standard test Weighed cutter ring processed), and cutter hub (4-2), cutter shaft (4-4) and end cap (4- are suitably adjusted according to the design feature of the customization cutter ring 7) fit dimension and structure feature of parts such as, respective design produce other customization parts of test (when necessary Snap ring (4-3) can be saved), it is assembled into the customization hobboing cutter by above-mentioned customization parts；The customization cutter ring is in maximum Cutting-in h_maxThe sectional dimension of blade part (4-1-3) below is identical with standard cutter ring shown in the dotted line on the right side of in Fig. 3, And the customization cutter ring is in maximum cutting-in h_maxThe left and right sides (4-1-2) of above blade part (4-1-3) processes the vertical plane in side (4-1-4), to lay strain gauge；The material of the customization cutter ring, manufacturing processing technic, diameter are kept with the standard cutter ring Unanimously；

As shown in Figure 4 to 7, in the present embodiment, it is given in the vertical plane (4-1-4) in side of the customization cutter ring radial Lay distance h₁Place lays the strain gauge by equal circumferential interval angles Δ θ, and the strain gauge complete cycle be covered with the customization The side of cutter ring is hung down in plane (4-1-4), and constitutes corresponding stress-strain test point, to monitor answering for the customization cutter ring in real time Power/strain regime；Preferably, in this example, it is contemplated that BX120-2CA type strain rosette sizes smaller (strain rosette grid width 1mm, base Bottom length and width are 7.2mm), it is compact-sized, therefore selected；Strain grid arrangement form such as Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 institutes of the type strain rosette Show, including (tangential) the strain grid (9-2-1-1) in 0 ° of direction, 45 ° of direction strain grid (9-2-1-2) and 90 ° of direction (radial direction) strains The strain signal of grid (9-2-1-3) output is labeled as ε successively_0°、ε_45°And ε_90°；

Preferably, in this example, respectively symmetrically laid in the vertical plane (4-1-4) in side at left and right sides of the customization cutter ring BX120-2CA type strain gauges, and respective sets build up full-bridge test circuit.Using the three groups of strain rosettes only drawn in Fig. 6 as example, into Row description is explained as follows：It is respectively symmetrically laid in plane (4-1-4) as shown in fig. 6, the side at left and right sides of customization cutter ring (4-1) is hung down 3 strain rosettes include strain rosette as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 71 (10-2-1) positioned at cutter ring left side, 2 (10-2- of strain rosette 2) and strain rosette 3 (10-2-3), and as shown in Figure 7 positioned at cutter ring right side and strain rosette 1 (10-2-1) symmetrically strain It spends 4 (10-2-4), symmetrically answered with the symmetrical strain rosette 5 (10-2-5) of strain rosette 2 (10-2-2), with strain rosette 3 (10-2-3) 6 (10-2-6) are spent in change；In cutter ring left and right side, each direction of a pair of of strain rosette in symmetric position (is cut by 0 ° respectively To, 45 ° and 90 ° of radial directions, 3 directions) strain grid and corresponding temperature-compensating plate form full-bridge circuit, 3 stress are consequently formed Strain testing point；Wherein, each stress-strain test point can export 0 ° and tangential, 45 ° and 90 ° 3 directions of radial direction answer simultaneously Become data, i.e. ε_0°、ε_45°And ε_90°；For example, by 90 ° of directions of the strain rosette 1 (10-2-1) as shown in Figure 8 on the left of cutter ring It strains grid, as shown in Figure 7 90 ° of directions strain grid of the strain rosette 4 (10-2-4) on the right side of cutter ring and two pieces is used as temperature 90 ° of directions strain grid of compensating plate (with model strain rosette) collectively constitute a full-bridge circuit, for measuring 90 ° of directions of output Strain data ε at the stress-strain test point_90°, which is named as stress-strain test point 1；It will strain 2 (10-2-2) pairs of stress-strain test point constituted with strain rosette 5 (10-2-5) is spent to be named as stress-strain test point 2；Successively Analogize, name stress-strain test point 3；When actual test, in order to obtain larger measuring resolution, generally require in customization knife A series of plurality of strain rosettes are circumferentially pasted in the vertical plane (4-1-4) in the side of circle (4-1), are illustrated in figure 8 practical survey Laying effect diagram after actually pasting BX120-2CA type strain rosettes on customization cutter ring as shown in Figure 3 when examination；In figure, The substrate of BX120-2CA type strain rosettes and the size of customization cutter ring are pressed relative scale size and are drawn, as circumferentially-spaced angle delta θ =3 °, maximum cutting-in h_max=25mm, it is radial to lay distance h₁When=15mm, up to 120 strain rosettes can be laid (if selecting more It compact strain rosette or turns down and radial lays distance h₁, can also lay more strain rosettes), it is seen that substantially meet test point The requirement of resolution.

Preferably, protective cover (not shown) is fixedly installed also above the strain gauge；

Similarly, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, given apart from sword bottom (4-1-1) on the customization hobboing cutter side in this example It is radial to lay distance h₂Place is laid with label raised points (10-1), position and aforementioned strain by same circumferentially-spaced angle delta θ Colored installation position is corresponded and is aligned；More specifically, using 3 steel of carrying magnetic pedestal label raised points (10- 1) it, is securely adsorbed in using magnetic force on the surface of the left side end cap (4-7) of the customization hobboing cutter so that its radial installation position is high Degree is significantly larger than aforementioned strain rosette, eliminates the possibility of probe (10-2) and rock contact；3 mark raised points (10-1) Attracted position and the installation position of strain rosette 1 (10-2-1), strain rosette 2 (10-2-2) and strain rosette 3 (10-2-3) correspond And it is aligned；

In this example, using ZA-21 series eddy current displacement sensors, and by eddy current displacement sensor as shown in Figure 7 Probe (10-2) be fixedly installed on the left of tool apron (3), and make probe (10-2) and rotation to the label raised points at minimum point (10-1) is to just；The probe (10-2) of the eddy current displacement sensor keeps 1~2mm with label surface raised points (10-1) Gap.

In this example, using DH5925 type data collecting instruments.The data collecting instrument can acquire to real-time synchronization monitoring three-dimensional The bridge circuit and current vortex displacement set up in force snesor (9), stress-strain test 1~stress-strain test of point point 3 pass The voltage signal of sensor output, and be transmitted on industrial personal computer and carry out later data processing analysis.

In this example, after completing the work such as customization cutter ring patch, the actuation of label raised points, welding lead, sealing and dustproof, such as Shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, signal cable (11) is reversely neatly wound on hobboing cutter relative to cutter ring (4-1) sense of rotation, to prevent Only signal cable (11) is excessively pullled in rolling process.

According to test experience, when hobboing cutter continuously rolls breaking hard rock or superhard rock, especially in big cutting-in model When enclosing lower work, dynamic step broken rock characteristic clearly, namely thinks sword bottom and sword side rock deformation failure procedure extremely Acutely (there are broken fracture, attrition crushing, shearing-crushing and landwaste to collapse and penetrate phenomenon), stress can not be considered as quasi-static again (in different rolling broken rock moments, sword bed plate rock contact force distributional pattern and difference in size are huge).In order to solve because described strong Step breaking feature and cause collected data discrete degree big, and then cause later data analyzing processing difficult, test result The key technology difficulties such as serious distortion, by hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system, this reality under the big cutting-in of the utility model Hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test method under a kind of matched big cutting-in used is proposed with novel.In the present embodiment one In, give maximum license cutting-in h_max=25mm, given cutting-in h is 20mm when test；Knife rock theory as shown in Figure 7 is defined to connect It is knife rock theoretical contact angle ψ to touch the corresponding central angle ∠ AOC of area circular arc AC, has ψ=arccos ((216- according to geometrical relationship 20)/216)≈24.85°；Hard rock sample is made of uniaxial compressive strength of the homogeneous no weathered granite of 175MPa, sampling frequency Rate is 1000Hz.Specific implementation process is described below：

Step 1：Based on rolling broken rock l-G simulation test or pre- cutting test, statistics, which obtains, gives cutting-in h and Rock Species Being averaged of being subject to of Shi Suoshu customization hobboing cutters estimates vertical force；This example is soft using large commercial transient state explicit non-linear dynamics simulation Part ANSYS/LS-DYNA establishes the limit element artificial module that the hard rock sample is cut in the customization hobboing cutter rolling, and according to imitative True experiment result statistics, which obtains, averagely estimates vertical force.

Step 2：Rating test；On hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform as shown in Figure 1, the customization hobboing cutter is utilized (4) with the horizontal fixed steel plate (13) of hobboing cutter identical with step 1 setting uniform angular velocity rolling, to carry out different setting marks Determine the multiple rating test under vertical force, obtains three of the three-dimensional force transducer output under different vertical linear load effect The strain signal curve and eddy current displacement sensor exported to Cutting Force Signal curve, stress-strain test point is defeated The voltage signal curve gone out；It is specific as follows step by step：

Step by step 2.1：On hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform as shown in Figure 1, by the big rock that upper surface is smooth and intact Stone coupon (12) is reliably fixed with rock material bin (5), and steel plate (13) is steadily then positioned on rock sample block (12), And by bolt (not shown) it is solid and reliable be fixed on rock material bin (5)；In this example, in order to avoid steel during experiment Plate (13) reduces rating test precision, using the high-performance steel plate that stiffness is larger because flexing deformation occurs for stress；

Step by step 2.2：It is analyzed for the ease of measuring, the customization hobboing cutter (4) when manually rotation is unloaded so that strain rosette 1 (10-2-1) is located at cutter ring extreme lower position, i.e. strain rosette 1 (10-2-1) is located at shown in Fig. 7 corresponding with the probe position (10-2) Place；Meanwhile in order to avoid experiment process light plate (13) tilts unstability because side occurs for unbalance loading, hobboing cutter blade should be located at steel plate (13) on intermediate symmetry face, and it is located at the central region away from steel plate (13) leading edge 100mm；At this point, as rating test Original state；

Step by step 2.3：Drive Vertical Cylinders as shown in Figure 1 (7) so that the vertical pressing steel plate (13) of customization hobboing cutter (4), when up to To setting calibration vertical force F_vAfterwards, the oil inlet and outlet of locking Vertical Cylinders (7)；Preferably, in this example, set described in step 2 Determine vertical force F_vNo less than being averaged for step 1 acquisition estimates vertical force；

Step by step 2.4：It is the 30% of full scale to set longitudinal oil cylinder (8) uninterrupted, starts longitudinal oil cylinder (8), and driving is determined Hobboing cutter (4) processed after same setting uniform angular velocity rolling steel plate (13) to certain distance to stop testing；Period, with adopting for 1000Hz Record to sample frequency real-time synchronization three-dimensional force signal, the radial strain signal of actual measurement and current vortex displacement at each stress-strain test point The voltage signal of sensor output, 1 as a rating test in same test group (identical setting calibration vertical force) Data sample；When rating test, the setting calibration vertical force F of application_vIt may be regarded as the constant vertical linear load in size direction.In order to Convenient for describing the data handling procedure in this example, it is now assumed that circumferentially-spaced angle delta θ is 120 ° in Fig. 7, that is, has and be only arranged Stress-strain test 1~stress-strain test of point 3 three stress-strain test points of point；According to the collected original of certain rating test Beginning signal, by tentatively converting, drafting obtains vertical force versus time curve (101) as shown in Figure 9, current vortex displacement It is real at sensor output voltage versus time curve (301) and stress-strain test 1~stress-strain test of point point 3 It calibrates to stress value versus time curve (201)~change curve (203)；By taking stress-strain test point 1 as an example, this example is given Go out the conversion calculating process of the actual measurement radial stress based on strain rosette test data：When can acquire any using formula (1) and formula (2) Carve principal stress σ₁With σ₂Size and angle α₁；Blade diameter at corresponding moment stress-strain test point 1 is solved further according to Mohr's circle To stress σ_rWith tangential stress σ_θ。

In formula, E_cFor cutter ring elasticity modulus, υ_cFor Poisson's ratio.

Step by step 2.5：Driving customization hobboing cutter (4) is with same setting uniform angular velocity negative direction rolling steel plate (13) to same distance Stop experiment afterwards, other experimental conditions (such as setting calibration vertical force) are with substep 2.4, and the data that during which acquisition obtains are as same The next newly-increased data sample of test group；

Step by step 2.6：In order to eliminate the influence of data fluctuations, substep 2.2 is repeated to substep 2.5, i.e., same setting mark Determine under vertical force, carry out multiple rating test, to acquire data sample enough under same test group；

Step by step 2.7：In order to eliminate random error, different setting calibration vertical force KF is set_v(K>1) it, is repeated point Step 2.2 to substep 2.5, i.e., different settings is demarcated under vertical force, repeats multiple rating test, to acquire different examinations Test data sample enough under group；

Step 3：For the nominal data sample that each rating test obtains, validity screening is carried out one by one and is selected, point Steps are as follows：

Step by step 3.1：Vertical force versus time curve (101) as shown in Figure 9 collected to three-dimensional force transducer, asks It takes actual measurement averagely to demarcate vertical force, draws out the actual measurement averagely straight line (100) of calibration vertical force at any time；

Step by step 3.2：The actual measurement averagely calibration vertical force is chosen relative to setting calibration vertical force (such as F_v、KF_v) Relative error, evaluation indexes of the root-mean-square error RMSE as rating test stability of vertical force change curve (101), and be It sets corresponding threshold value；When These parameters are respectively less than given threshold, then the secondary nominal data sample is selected, otherwise because vertical Fluctuation error is excessive and abandons the data sample；In this example, if the vertical force as shown in Figure 9 variation obtained when rating test is bent When the fluctuating range of line (101) is smaller, then it rule of thumb can only choose the actual measurement averagely calibration vertical force and be set relative to described Determine vertical force (such as F_v、KF_v) relative error be rating test stability evaluation index, threshold value is set as 5%；

Step 4：For the nominal data sample being selected, following data processing is carried out：

Step by step 4.1：Due to the strong and weak size of eddy current displacement sensor output voltage signal reflect probe (10-2) with Mark raised points (10-1) distance change relationship (such as when each stress-strain test point is rotated to minimum point C as shown in Figure 7, The voltage signal magnitude of eddy current displacement sensor output is maximum, reaches V as shown in Figure 9_max), therefore according to this work spy Property, when the interval that size in conjunction with knife rock theoretical contact angle ψ and eddy current displacement sensor output signal maximum value occur Between and position, the hobboing cutter actual measurement average rotation angular speed closer to actual experimental condition can be calculated, and can determine any rolling Angular position of the broken rock moment each stress-strain test point relative to the customization hobboing cutter plumb line OC (see Fig. 7)；Such as this example In, when stress-strain test point 2 turns to the plumb line positions OC from position as shown in Figure 7, data according to Fig.9, are bent Line can calculate acquisition (0~t₂) average rotation angular velocity omega in this time interval₁For Δ θ/t₂；Define each rolling broken rock wink Between on cutter ring side the angular position theta of each point be the angle of the point and the line and plumb line OC of center of circle O in Fig. 7, and define the point It is folded obtuse angle on the left of plumb line OC, is folded acute angle when the point is located on the right side of plumb line OC.In Fig. 9, initial time Angular position theta at stress-strain test point 1 and stress-strain test point 2 is respectively for 0 and (360 °-Δ θ)；t₁Moment, stress Angular position theta at strain testing point 1 and stress-strain test point 2 is t₁*Δθ/t₂(360 °-Δ θ+t₁*Δθ/t₂)；

Step by step 4.2：The actual measurement average rotation angular speed and sample frequency obtained according to substep 4.1, can get per deutero-albumose In fixed experiment at each stress-strain test point radial strain with angular position theta change curve；As shown in Figure 10, for by screening Change curve of the radial stress value with angular position theta is surveyed after reason at stress-strain test point 2；In figure, it is assumed that same settings are demarcated Vertical force F_vTwo actual measurement radial direction stress curves essentially coincided, i.e. data and curves (1021) and curve are obtained under effect (1022), it is assumed that same settings demarcate vertical force KF_vTwo actual measurement radial direction stress curves essentially coincided are also obtained under effect, That is data and curves (3021) and curve (3022)；

Step by step 4.3：The data and curves conversion that substep 4.2 is obtained is the wide upper lower actual measurement of unit point load effect of unit blade Stress/strain value and is further obtained with the change curve of angular position theta by seeking all average values for being selected data sample Obtain change curve of the lower actual measurement mean stress/strain value of unit point load effect with angular position theta；It, such as can will be in Figure 10 in this example Radial stress curve (1021) and curve (1022) ordinate value divided by F_v/a₀, while the radial stress in Figure 10 is bent The ordinate value of line (3021) and curve (3022) divided by KF_v/a₀, you can it is converted into unit point load as shown in figure 11 and makees With the radial stress at lower stress-strain test point 2 with the change curve of angular position theta, stress-strain test point 2 is further obtained Locate average radial stress σ_rWith the change curve of angular position theta；

Step 5：Roll broken rock experiment；With step 1, hobboing cutter sets the same step of uniform angular velocity for given cutting-in h and Rock Species 2, on hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform as shown in Figure 1, carries out hilted broadsword cutting mode and (be also referred to as Unrelieved patterns, i.e., Adjacent cutback mutually without influence) under customization hobboing cutter rolling broken rock experiment；It is contacted using hobboing cutter sword bottom under the big cutting-in of the utility model Force characteristic tests system, and real-time synchronization records three-dimensional Cutting Force Signal curve, the stress of the three-dimensional force transducer output The voltage signal curve of the strain signal curve and eddy current displacement sensor output of the output of strain testing point, specifically step by step For：

Step by step 5.1：Remove the steel plate as shown in Figure 1 (13) being mounted in substep 2.1 on rock material bin (5)；

Step by step 5.2：It is analyzed for the ease of measuring, is similar to substep 2.2 so that strain rosette 1 (10-2-1) is located at shown in Fig. 8 With the position corresponding position probe (10-2)；Meanwhile in order to eliminate the dimensional effect of rock sample (12), customizing the blade part of hobboing cutter (4-1-3) is located on the intermediate symmetry face of rock sample (12), and is located at the middle part away from rock sample (12) leading edge 100mm Region；At this point, the original state as rolling broken rock experiment；

Step by step 5.3：Similar to substep 2.3, Vertical Cylinders as shown in Figure 1 (7) are driven so that customization hobboing cutter (4) is vertically invaded When entering rock sample (12) to given cutting-in h, the oil inlet and outlet of locking Vertical Cylinders (7)；

Step by step 5.4：Similar to substep 2.4, the uninterrupted for set longitudinal oil cylinder (8) is the 30% of full scale, and startup is indulged To oil cylinder (8), driving customization hobboing cutter (4) is with same setting uniform angular velocity rolling rock cutting sample (12) extremely to stopping after set a distance Only test；Period records three-dimensional force signal with identical sample frequency real-time synchronization, radial strain at each stress-strain test point Signal and the voltage signal of eddy current displacement sensor output, as in same test group (vertical force is demarcated in identical setting) one 1 data sample of secondary rating test；

Step by step 5.5：Customization hobboing cutter (4) pan-up starts cross cylinder (14) and drives rock material bin to leave scar (5) after (or right) moves horizontally 1 sufficiently large knife spacing (such as 100mm) to the left, substep 5.2 is repeated to the behaviour of substep 5.5 Make, until completing all groovings work of a monoblock rock sample (12)；

Step by step 5.6：The 2nd piece of rock sample made of identical rock material is replaced, repeats substep 5.2 to substep 5.5 Operation, until collect enough data samples；

Step 6：Similar to step by step 4.1, the actual measurement average rotation angular speed in rolling broken rock experiment is obtained, then be similar to and divide Step 4.2 is believed according to the actual measurement average rotation angular speed and sample frequency by the measured stress/strain obtained in step 5 Number deduce any rolling broken rock experiment moment, the angular position theta of each measuring point and its corresponding measured stress/strain value.

Step 7：Build the relational expression of influence function；Utilize the position for any rolling broken rock moment each measuring point that step 6 obtains Angle setting θ and its corresponding measured stress/strain value are based on truncated singular value canonical in conjunction with the nominal data sample that step 4 obtains Change method, by the influence function reverse, the given rolling broken rock moment is by sword bed plate rock contact force component x₁、x₂、…、x_nIt constitutes Unknown column vector X, it is as follows step by step：

Step by step 7.1：By equal circumferential interval angles by sword bed plate rock theoretical contact area be separated into (n-1) equal portions (n=360 °/ Δ θ), enable on the endpoint in any rolling broken rock moment each equal portions sword bed plate rock theoretical contact area (from big to small by its angular position theta Contact force component on the unit blade that sequentially) is subject to is wide is followed successively by x₁、x₂、…、x_n, and constitute column vector X；Enable the given rolling The stress/strain value that rock moment each stress-strain test point is sequentially output (by the sequence of its angular position theta from small to large) is crushed to read Number is s₁、 s₂、…、s_n, and constitute column vector S；Any rolling broken rock moment, due to above-mentioned unit blade it is wide on all contacts Force component x₁、x₂、…、x_nIt is in place in above-mentioned each stress-strain test point (pressing the sequence of its angular position theta from small to large) institute respectively A stress/strain component is accordingly produced on the cutter ring set, then the rolling broken rock moment each stress-strain test point (presses its position The sequences of angle setting θ from small to large) actual measurement stress/strain value be actually that above-mentioned stress/strain component is surveyed in each ess-strain Total stress/strain value at pilot position after superposition summation；According to above-mentioned measured stress/strain value s₁、s₂、…、s_nWith unit knife Contact force component x on tread₁、x₂、…、x_nBetween mapping relations, define shaped like influence function shown in following formula (3)：

CX=S (3)

In formula, C is the coefficient matrix of influence function；In this example by taking moment shown in Fig. 7 as an example, each equal portions sword bottom is defined at this time Contact force component on the unit blade that is subject in the area of the theoretical contacts Dao Yan is wide is followed successively by x as shown in figure 11₁、x₂、x₃, and structure At unknown column vector X, and the angular position theta in corresponding each equal portions sword bed plate rock theoretical contact area be followed successively by 360 ° (or 0), 360 ° of-ψ/ 2,360°-ψ；In Fig. 7,2 corresponding angular position theta of stress-strain test point 1, stress-strain test point 3 and stress-strain test point Be followed successively by 0 (or 360 °), 120 °, 240 °, the stress/strain value of output reading is s₁、s₂、s₃, and constitute column vector S.

Step by step 7.2：It is assumed that the actual measurement mean stress value σ that substep 4.3 obtains_rChange curve with angular position theta is such as Figure 12 Shown in curve (4000), be fitted the curve, obtain fitting function relational expression of the actual measurement mean stress about angular position thetaThe function is practical to be further appreciated that as with 360 ° of even functions for the period, the song in the visible Figure 12 of function curve Line (5000)；Preferably to survey fitting function relational expression of the average radial stress about angular position theta in this exampleFor, It is assumed that rolling broken rock moment is as shown in fig. 7, construct and 7.1 s of substep₁、s₂、s₃Corresponding each point position angle θ mono- is a pair of The coefficient matrix C for the influence function answered, shaped like shown in following formula (4)：

Typically, for actual n levels matrix number C_n×n, component c_ijGeneral type such as following formula (5) shown in：

In formula, θ_iFor given rolling broken rock moment element s_iThe angular position theta of corresponding stress-strain test point；f_σ,ε(θ) can Write as fitting function relational expression f of the actual measurement mean stress value about angular position theta_σ(θ), and actual measurement mean strain value is about position angle The fitting function relational expression f of θ_ε(θ) two kinds of forms；

Coefficient matrix C is normalized again, obtained normalization coefficient Matrix C₁, then as shown in formula (3) Influence function can be further rewritten as formula (6)：

In formula,For the similar solution of unknown column vector X；In fact,It is in proportionate relationship with unknown column vector X.

Work as C₁For n rank square formations when, above formula (6) theoretically has solution.However, it is contemplated that under TBM cutting operating modes, especially hobboing cutter When rolling breaking hard rock or extremely hard rock under big cutting-in, sword bed rock stone causes to acquire there is extremely violent step breaking feature The randomness and dispersion of the stress/strain data arrived are higher, since noise data is mixed into coefficient matrix C₁In column vector S, It further results in the contact force distribution solved and concussion form is presented, serious distortion cannot function as effective solution of equation.By formula (6) it is found that the precision of solution of equation largely byIt is determined.For example, with certain authentic testing data instance, to having The coefficient matrix C of different orders₁Specificity analysis is carried out, determinant det (C as shown in table 1 below are obtained₁) and conditional number cond (C₁)：

The different order Matrix Cs of table 1₁Determinant and conditional number size

By upper table 1 it is found that with Matrix C₁Order increase, determinant det (C₁) strongly reduce 0, while the condition of leveling off to Number cond (C₁) gradually increase, it is far longer than critical value 100, belongs to ill-conditioning problem, these has resulted in coefficient matrix C₁It inverts pole It is unstable, thus in conjunction with hobboing cutter broken rock when the data sample feature that is introduced due to significant step breaking feature, carried out substep The further data processing of 7.3~substep 7.5, detailed process are as follows：

Step by step 7.3：Normalization coefficient Matrix C is obtained using singular value decomposition method (SVD)₁Singular value decomposition formula, it is as follows Shown in formula (7)：

C₁=UDV^T (7)

In formula, if rank (C₁, then there is n rank orthogonal matrix U in)=k, row byFeature vector composition, U= (u₁,u₂,…,u_n), there are n rank orthogonal matrix V, row byFeature vector composition, V=(v₁,v₂,…,v_n),Σ_k=diag (σ₁,σ₂,…,σ_k), andEigenvalue λ₁≥λ₂≥…λ_k>0 is MatrixWhole nonzero eigenvalues, σ_i(i=1,2 ..., k) it is C₁Singular value.

The least square solution of equation as shown in formula (6) is provided by the singular value decomposition formula as shown in following formula (8)：

In formula：For the least square solution of the equation as shown in formula (6).

Step by step 7.4：In order to make equation solution quality that there is high reliability, influence of the noise pollution to true solution X is considered And influence of the solution resolution ratio to solving precision, the maximum Truncation Parameters recommendation k of above-mentioned singular value is determined using L-curve method₀。 The principle of this method is：For different regularization Truncation Parameters k₀, draw out different normsWith Regularization Solution normBetween curve graph；Under normal circumstances, as shown in figure 13, L-shaped is presented in the curve graph, and is pair at the point of inflexion on a curve Answer the maximum recommended value k of regularization Truncation Parameters₀, such as the truncation function k known to the inflection point and abscissa data of Figure 13₀For 10。

Step by step 7.5：Based on truncated singular value regularization method (abbreviation TSVD), k amendments are contracted to k₁With truncation part Singular value, the then least square solution of unknown column vector XIt approximate can be given by the truncated singular value expression formula as shown in following formula (9) Go out：

In formula, 1≤k₁≤k₀。

Preferably, Truncation Parameters k₁No more than 10.

Preferably, measuring accuracy and patch man-haur efficiency in order to balance, normalization coefficient Matrix C₁Order n be not more than 100 ranks.

Step 8：It is correction factor to enable κ, enables X₀For the amendment solution of X, then X₀It is indicated by following formula (10)：

Enable S₀For solution X will be corrected₀Substitute into as shown in formula (3) influence function calculate obtain theoretical stress/strain value arrange to It measures, then S₀It can be indicated by following formula (11)：

In this example, try to gather principle based on recycling, using MATLAB computational science softwares, programming realizes that cycle automatically will not With Truncation Parameters k₁, different correction factor κ, be updated in formula (11), obtain different theory of any given rolling broken rock moment Stress/strain value column vector S₀, theory column vector S₀Theoretical stress/strain value under being corresponded to by different location angle θ is constituted；With Afterwards, compared with theoretical stress/strain value under every angle setting θ being carried out one by one with measured stress/strain value, when global error minimum When, corresponding correction factor κ, Truncation Parameters k at this time₁For optimized parameter；Simultaneous formula (9) and formula (10), by the optimized parameter Calculate the one group of amendment solution X obtained closest to true value X₀。

Preferably, the step 7 builds the relational expression of influence function using radial stress/strain value.

Preferably, the step 7 builds the relational expression of influence function using radial stress value.

The preferable specific implementation mode of the above, only the utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not Be confined to this, any one skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, according to this practicality Novel technical solution and its utility model design are subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all cover the protection model in the utility model Within enclosing.

Claims (3)

1. hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under a kind of big cutting-in, including hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform, data are adopted Collect instrument, hobboing cutter, eddy current displacement sensor and industrial personal computer, it is characterised in that：

The hobboing cutter normal line cutting experiment platform includes rack, moved cross beam, tool apron, rock material bin, horizontal table, vertical Oil cylinder, longitudinal oil cylinder and cross cylinder；The hobboing cutter includes cutter ring, cutter hub, cutter shaft, bearing and end cap；The hobboing cutter is mounted on In the tool apron；It is also equipped with three-dimensional force transducer between the tool apron and the moved cross beam；

The hobboing cutter is using customization hobboing cutter, including customizes cutter ring, customization cutter hub, customization cutter shaft, customization bearing and customization end cap, It is characterized as：The customization cutter ring is identical as standard cutter ring in maximum cutting-in blade part sectional dimension below, and the customization knife The vertical plane in side is processed at left and right sides of the blade part enclosed more than maximum cutting-in, to lay strain gauge；The customization cutter ring Material, manufacturing processing technic, cutter ring diameter and the standard cutter ring are consistent；It is given in the vertical plane in the side of the blade part It is radial to lay distance h₁Place lays the strain gauge by equal circumferential interval angles Δ θ, and the strain gauge complete cycle be covered with it is described The side for customizing cutter ring is hung down in plane, and constitutes corresponding stress-strain test point, with monitor in real time the stress of the customization cutter ring/ Strain regime；

Label raised points are laid on the customization hobboing cutter side, position and the installation position of the strain gauge correspond And it is aligned；

The probe of the eddy current displacement sensor is fixedly installed in the tool apron side, and the probe with rotate to minimum The label raised points at point are to just；

The data collecting instrument can acquire the output letter of the three-dimensional force transducer, strain gauge and eddy current displacement sensor in real time Number, and it is transmitted to industrial personal computer, to carry out processing analysis.

2. hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under big cutting-in according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Protective cover is fixedly installed above strain gauge.

3. hobboing cutter sword bottom contact force characteristic test system under big cutting-in according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Strain gauge is symmetrically respectively laid in the vertical plane in side at left and right sides of customization cutter ring, and respective sets build up full-bridge test circuit.