Motor radiating shell and electromotor cooling system
Technical field
The utility model is related to motor device technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of motor radiating shell and motor cooling system
System.
Background technology
Motor refers to a kind of calutron realized electric energy conversion using electromagnetic induction principle or transmitted, and main function is
It generates driving torque and is widely used in the necks such as industry, agricultural, business, construction industry as electric appliance or the power source of various machineries
Domain.In use, motor is rubbed due to its Inside coil resistance energization heat production, iron core magnetic resistance energization heat production, stator and rotor
It wipes reasons, the temperature such as heat to gradually rise, when motor temperature is excessively high, its operation can be caused to break down, shorten the use of motor
Service life.Motor housing is the chief component of motor, is wrapped in the outside of the motors core member such as stator, rotor, can be right
Its component wrapped up plays the effect of support, protection and heat dissipation, and motor housing must constantly give out the heat inside motor
It goes, just can guarantee the normal work of motor.
Currently, in the prior art, mainly reliable motor housing is directly radiated for the mode of motor radiating cooling
In the way of natural air cooled heat dissipation and the air blast cooling for being accelerated motor housing surface cooling velocity using wind turbine are radiated etc., the former due to
Heat dissipation area is limited, and radiating efficiency is low, and heat dissipation effect is poor;The latter is in radiation processes, since motor housing is different, by force
It makes air-cooled cooling wind by heat-dissipating casing to be stopped, can only blow to the windward side of motor housing, cooling wind is difficult to blow
It is sent to the leeward side of motor housing, motor is caused the uneven situation of heat dissipation occur, motor temperature is still higher, and heat dissipation effect is poor,
It influences to use.
In conclusion being difficult effectively to solve the radiating efficiency that occurs during using motor asking lowly in the prior art
Topic.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of motor radiating shells, are dissipated with solving the motor occurred in the prior art
The low technical problem of the thermal efficiency.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the utility model is realized in:
Motor radiating shell provided by the utility model, including:Shell, cooling fin, feed liquor nozzle and go out liquid nozzle, it is described to dissipate
Backing is connect with the outer surface of the shell, and the cooling fin offers the pipeline for conveying cooling fluid, the pipeline
The length direction of length direction and the cooling fin is consistent, the both ends on the length direction of the cooling fin respectively with it is described
Feed liquor nozzle and it is described go out liquid nozzle connection, and the pipeline respectively with the inner cavity of the feed liquor nozzle and it is described go out liquid nozzle inner cavity connect
Logical, the cross section of the cooling fin is in wavy.
Preferably, the shell further includes radiating groove, and the radiating groove is arranged in the outer surface of the shell.
Preferably, the cooling fin is equipped with salient point.
Preferably, the cooling fin and the shell integrated setting, and be all made of aluminum alloy materials and be made.
Preferably, the shell is equipped with heat emission hole and stopple, and the heat emission hole runs through the outer wall of the shell, the stopple
It can be plugged in the heat emission hole.
Preferably, further include temperature sensor, display and controller, the temperature sensor is connect with the shell,
Temperature for detecting the surface of shell, the temperature sensor and the display are connected with the controller in a signal way..
Preferably, further include overtemperature alarm, the overtemperature alarm is connected with the controller in a signal way..
Preferably, further include control valve, the control valve is arranged on the feed liquor nozzle and believes with the controller
Number connection.
Compared with the existing technology, motor radiating shell provided by the utility model has the advantage that:
Motor radiating shell provided by the utility model is set in the outer of the motors core member such as rotor, stator of motor
Portion, motor generate more heat in the process of running, these heats need to outward be radiated by motor radiating shell.Using this
Utility model provide motor radiating shell when, operating personnel need to feed liquor nozzle inject cooling fluid, cooling fluid by into
Liquid nozzle flows into the pipeline that cooling fin is equipped with, and is in direct contact with cooling fin, cooling fluid exchanges heat with cooling fin, after heat exchange
Cooling fluid is flowed out by going out liquid nozzle from pipeline.In the process, since shell is wrapped in the motors core member such as stator, rotor
Outside, the heat that motor generates in the process of running is transferred to the cooling fin being arranged on shell and shell outward, cooling fin
Temperature increases, therefore cooling fluid exchanges heat in pipeline with cooling fin, reduces the temperature of cooling fin, thereby reduces shell
With the temperature inside motor so that shell can realize the purpose of rapid cooling.Further, since the cross section of cooling fin is in wave
Shape compares more plate-like cooling fin, and the heat exchange area bigger with external environment, faster, effect is more preferable for radiating rate.Relatively
In the prior art, it is in wavy cooling fin that motor radiating shell provided by the utility model, which is equipped with cross section, is not only increased
Heat exchange area between shell and external environment increases the heat dissipation area of motor, accelerates the radiating rate of motor, Er Qie
The pipeline flowed for cooling fluid is set on cooling fin, and helps shell quickly to dissipate by filling cooling fluid in pipeline
Heat is electric motor temperature reduction, and method is simple, at low cost, considerably increases radiating efficiency, accelerates the radiating rate of motor.
The another object of the utility model is to propose a kind of electromotor cooling system, to solve to occur in the prior art
Motor radiating inefficiency the technical issues of.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the utility model is realized in:
Electromotor cooling system provided by the utility model, including:Water pump, water injection pipe, return pipe, cooling device and above-mentioned
The both ends of motor radiating shell described in technical solution, the water injection pipe are dissipated with the output end of the water pump and the motor respectively
The feed liquor nozzle of hot shell connects, the both ends of the return pipe respectively with the input terminal of the water pump and the motor radiating shell
Go out the connection of liquid nozzle, the cooling device is arranged on the water injection pipe and/or return pipe.
Preferably, further include wind turbine, the air supply direction of the wind turbine is towards the motor radiating shell direction.
Possessed advantage is identical compared with the existing technology with above-mentioned motor radiating shell for the electromotor cooling system, herein
It repeats no more.
Description of the drawings
It, below will be right in order to illustrate more clearly of specific embodiment of the present invention or technical solution in the prior art
Specific implementation mode or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
In attached drawing be that some embodiments of the utility model are not paying creativeness for those of ordinary skill in the art
Under the premise of labour, other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the front view for the motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of motor radiating shell shown in FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 is enlarged drawing of the motor radiating shell shown in FIG. 1 at A;
Fig. 4 is sectional view of the motor radiating shell shown in FIG. 1 along the faces B-B;
Fig. 5 is enlarged drawing of the motor radiating shell shown in FIG. 1 at C.
Icon:1- shells;2- cooling fins;3- feed liquor nozzles;4- goes out liquid nozzle;5- temperature sensors;6- displays;
7- controllers;8- overtemperature alarms;9- control valves;11- radiating grooves;21- pipelines;22- salient points.
Specific implementation mode
The technical solution of the utility model is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described
Embodiment is the utility model a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, originally
The every other embodiment that field those of ordinary skill is obtained without making creative work, belongs to this practicality
Novel protected range.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that such as occur term "center", "upper", "lower", " left side ",
" right side ", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outside" etc., indicated by orientation or positional relationship be orientation based on ... shown in the drawings or
Position relationship is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply the indicated device or member
Part must have a particular orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
In addition, such as there is term " first ", " second ", " third ", it is used for description purposes only, is not understood to indicate or imply phase
To importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, such as there is term
" installation ", " connected ", " connection ", shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection or one
Connect to body;It can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection;It can be directly connected, it can also be indirect by intermediary
It is connected, can is the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, on being understood with concrete condition
State the concrete meaning of term in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the front view for the motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides;Fig. 2 is motor shown in FIG. 1
The vertical view of heat-dissipating casing;Fig. 3 is enlarged drawing of the motor radiating shell shown in FIG. 1 at A;Fig. 4 dissipates for motor shown in FIG. 1
Sectional view of the hot shell along the faces B-B;Fig. 5 is enlarged drawing of the motor radiating shell shown in FIG. 1 at C.As shown in Figs. 1-5,
The motor radiating shell that the present embodiment one provides, including shell 1, cooling fin 2, feed liquor nozzle 3 and go out liquid nozzle 4, cooling fin 2 and shell
The outer surface of body 1 connects, and cooling fin 2 offers the pipeline 21 for conveying cooling fluid, the length direction of pipeline 21 and heat dissipation
The length direction of piece 2 is consistent, the both ends on the length direction of cooling fin 2 respectively with feed liquor nozzle 3 and go out liquid nozzle 4 and connect, and
Pipeline 21 respectively with the inner cavity of feed liquor nozzle 3 and go out the inner cavity of liquid nozzle 4 and be connected to, the cross section of cooling fin 2 is in wavy.
Wherein, shell 1 can be used the higher material of thermal conductivity and be made, such as metal material.Shell 1 is set in turning for motor
Support, protective effect are played in the outside of the core members such as son, stator to core member, and motor inner core can be in direct contact simultaneously with shell 1
A part for the heat generated when can operate motor is transferred to shell 1, and 1 temperature of shell increases.
In the utility model embodiment one, cooling fin 2 can be in the form of sheets sheet metal etc..Cooling fin 2 and shell 1
Outer surface connection, the tangent plane for the junction that cooling fin 2 can connect cooling fin 2 with shell 1 is vertically arranged, or in 60 ° -90 °
Angle.The length direction of cooling fin 2 can be consistent with the length direction of shell 1, if shell 1 is cylindrical, cooling fin 2
Length direction can be consistent with the axis direction of shell 1;If shell 1 is in spherical, the length direction of cooling fin 2 can be with any bar
The diametric(al) of shell 1 is consistent, and shell 1 is in cube-shaped, and the length direction of cooling fin 2 can be with the direction of any bar straight flange
It is consistent.Cooling fin 2 can be a plurality of, and abutting fins 2 can be arranged in parallel, in order to avoid intersecting, influence heat dissipation effect.Such as shell
The curved surface of body 1 is more, and a plurality of cooling fin 2 can be also arranged radially.The connection type of cooling fin 2 and shell 1 can be according to motor
Purposes is selected, and can be that welding, integrated setting etc. are fixedly connected with the detachable connections such as mode, or clamping.
In the utility model embodiment one, the cross section of cooling fin 2, can bending obtains repeatedly by cooling fin 2 in wavy.It is connected to shell
More traditional cooling fin 2 in straight panel shape is compared in wavy cooling fin 2 on body 1, under conditions of identical height, in wavy
Big, the surface area bigger of curling degree of cooling fin 2 so that the motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides dissipates
Hot area increases, and radiating efficiency higher, cooling effect of motor is more preferably.The thickness range of cooling fin 2 can be 1mm-10mm, can be
1mm, 5mm, 10mm etc., thickness also can slightly be adjusted according to the size dimension of shell 1.In other embodiments, cooling fin 2
It can be replaced with components such as heat-dissipating pipes.
In the utility model embodiment one, the pipeline 21 for conveying cooling fluid, pipeline 21 are offered on cooling fin 2
The length direction of length direction and cooling fin 2 be consistent, so that the cooling fluid conveyed in pipeline 21 can be with cooling fin 2
Length direction on multiple positions exchange heat, cooling and cooling effect is more preferable.One end on the length direction of cooling fin 2 and feed liquor
Nozzle 3 connects, and the inner cavity of pipeline 21 is connected to the inner cavity of feed liquor nozzle 3;One end on the length direction of cooling fin 2 and go out liquid nozzle 4
Connection, and the inner cavity of pipeline 21 is connected to the inner cavity for going out liquid nozzle 4.Feed liquor nozzle 3 and the setting for going out liquid nozzle 4, for 21 water filling of pipeline, go out
Water provides condition, and the flowing for cooling fluid in pipeline 21 provides safeguard.
The motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides, is set in the motors inner core such as rotor, stator of motor
The outside of component, motor generate more heat in the process of running, these heats need to outward be radiated by motor radiating shell.
In the motor radiating shell provided using the utility model embodiment one, operating personnel need to inject cooling stream to feed liquor nozzle 3
Body, cooling fluid are flowed into the pipeline 21 that is equipped with of cooling fin 2 by feed liquor nozzle 3, are in direct contact with cooling fin 2, cooling fluid with
Cooling fin 2 exchanges heat, and the cooling fluid after heat exchange is flowed out by going out liquid nozzle 4 from pipeline 21.In the process, due to shell 1
It is wrapped in the outside of the motors core member such as stator, rotor, the heat that motor generates in the process of running is transferred to shell 1 outward
And the cooling fin 2 being arranged on shell 1, the temperature of cooling fin 2 increases, therefore cooling fluid is changed in pipeline 21 with cooling fin 2
Heat reduces the temperature of cooling fin 2, thereby reduces shell 1 and the temperature inside motor so that shell 1 can be realized quickly
The purpose of heat dissipation.Further, since the cross section of cooling fin 2 is in wavy, more plate-like cooling fin 2 is compared, with extraneous ring
The heat exchange area bigger in border, faster, effect is more preferable for radiating rate.Compared with the existing technology, the utility model embodiment one provides
Motor radiating shell be equipped with cross section be in wavy cooling fin 2, not only increase the heat exchange between shell 1 and external environment
Area increases the heat dissipation area of motor, accelerates the radiating rate of motor, and is arranged on cooling fin 2 and is flowed for cooling
The pipeline 21 of body flowing, and help 1 rapid cooling of shell for electric motor temperature reduction by filling cooling fluid in pipeline 21, method
Simply, at low cost, radiating efficiency is considerably increased, the radiating rate of motor is accelerated.
Preferably, shell 1 further includes radiating groove 11, and radiating groove 11 is arranged in the outer surface of shell 1.Radiating groove 11 can be direct
It slots to obtain in the outer surface of shell 1, depth is less than the thickness of shell 1.In the utility model embodiment one, radiating groove 11
It can be opened on the shell 1 on 2 side of cooling fin.The quantity of radiating groove 11 can be multiple, when the quantity of cooling fin 2 is all multiple,
Each radiating groove 11 can be also opened on the shell 1 between adjacent cooling fin 2.The setting of radiating groove 11 can increase shell 1
Heat dissipation area accelerates the radiating rate of motor radiating shell.
Further, cooling fin 2 is equipped with salient point 22.In the utility model embodiment one, salient point 22 can be it is dotted or
Block-shaped protrusion can be made of the preferable metal material of thermal diffusivity.Salient point 22 is arranged on the surface of cooling fin 2, can be with cooling fin 2 one
Bodyization is arranged, also solderable on cooling fin 2.The setting of salient point 22 can increase the heat dissipation area of motor radiating shell, to
Improve the radiating efficiency of motor radiating shell.
It should be noted that cooling fin 2 and 1 integrated setting of shell, and be all made of aluminum alloy materials and be made.It is integrated
The firmness that can not only increase and connect therebetween is set, it is durable, the transmission of heat is also easily facilitated, shell 1 is made
Heat transfer to cooling fin 2 speed faster, to increase the radiating efficiency of motor radiating shell.In addition, cooling fin 2 and shell
1 making material is identical, is made of aluminum alloy materials.Aluminum alloy materials density is low so that made of aluminum alloy materials
The lighter weight of motor radiating shell, easy to carry and installation;The intensity of aluminum alloy materials is higher, near or above high-quality steel,
The core members such as to enable using motor radiating shell made of aluminum alloy materials be stator, rotor provide good support and guarantor
Shield acts on;The moulding of aluminum alloy materials preferably can be processed into various proximate matters, the processing cooling fin 2 such as on shell 1;Aluminium alloy
Material also has good thermal conductivity, and good thermal conductivity can make to have using motor radiating shell made of aluminum alloy materials excellent
Good heat dissipation performance, heat dissipation effect is more preferable, and radiating rate is faster.In addition, aluminum alloy materials also have corrosion resistance so that utilize
Motor radiating shell made of aluminum alloy materials is not easily susceptible to the corrosion of the substances such as cooling fluid, improves motor radiating shell
Service life.
It is noted that shell 1 is equipped with heat emission hole and stopple, heat emission hole runs through the outer wall of shell 1, and stopple can plug
In heat emission hole.Heat emission hole can be circular hole, square hole etc., and the shape of stopple can be corresponding identical as the shape of heat emission hole, and stopple
Size can be identical as the size of heat emission hole so that stopple can be plugged in heat emission hole.In addition, the size of stopple also can be slightly larger
In the size of heat emission hole, so that stopple and heat emission hole are interference fitted, the connection type between stopple and heat emission hole can be grafting, card
It connects or is connected through a screw thread.The quantity of heat emission hole can be multiple, and the quantity of stopple is corresponding identical as the quantity of heat emission hole, multiple to dissipate
Hot hole interval is opened on shell 1, and each stopple, which can correspond, to be plugged in each heat emission hole.Real using the utility model
When the motor radiating shell of the offer of example one is provided, it can be selected to use heat emission hole according to the temperature of the shell 1 measured, such as shell 1
Temperature is higher, and operating personnel may be selected to remove stopple from heat emission hole, the motor inner core that shell 1 wraps up directly with external cold sky
Gas contacts, and exchanges heat so that motor temperature declines comparatively fast, and heat dissipation effect is more preferable.As the temperature of motor radiating shell is relatively low or
Motor shuts down, then stopple is plugged in heat emission hole.Being used cooperatively for heat emission hole and stopple, can add to a certain extent
The heat-sinking capability of forceful electric power machine heat-dissipating casing helps motor rapid cooling.
The motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides further includes temperature sensor 5, display 6 and controller
7, temperature sensor 5 is connect with shell 1, the temperature for detecting 1 surface of shell, temperature sensor 5 and display 6 with control
7 signal of device connects.Temperature sensor 5 refers to detection measured object temperature and is translated into exportable detection temperature signal
Device, temperature sensor 5 are connect with shell 1, can directly be attached to 1 outer surface of shell, the height for detecting 1 surface temperature of shell
It is low.Temperature sensor 5 is connect with 7 signal of controller, and can be exportable by the temperature inversion on 1 surface of shell detected
Detection temperature signal is transmitted to controller 7 and is handled.Display 6 is connect with 7 signal of controller, and controller 7 will detect temperature
Signal transmission shows the corresponding detection temperature value of detection temperature signal to display 6, through display 6.Wherein, controller 7 can be
Microcontroller, digital signal processor, programmable logic processor etc..The utility model embodiment one is by being arranged temperature sensor
5, display 6 and controller 7, detect and show 1 surface temperature of shell, the temperature on 1 surface of shell is intuitively reflected to operation
Personnel so that operating personnel can grasp the temperature on 1 surface of shell in real time, and can take this as a foundation and judge the temperature of motor inner core
Degree height, method are simple and efficient.
Further, the motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides further includes overtemperature alarm 8, overtemperature report
Alert device 8 is connect with 7 signal of controller.Overtemperature alarm 8 refers to realize the device of overtemperature alarm function, in the present embodiment one
In, overtemperature alarm 8 can be buzzer, and overtemperature alarm 8 is connect with 7 signal of controller.Using the utility model embodiment
When the motor radiating shell of one offer, operating personnel need the first alarm temperature value set to controller 7 corresponding to overtemperature alarm,
Temperature sensor 5 converts 1 surface temperature of shell detected to exportable detection temperature signal, and is transmitted to controller 7,
Controller 7, which receives the detection temperature signal and handles, obtains the corresponding detection temperature value of the detection temperature signal, and controller 7 should
Detection temperature value is compared with alarm temperature value, such as detects temperature value and is higher than alarm temperature value or equal with alarm temperature value,
Controller 7 controls overtemperature alarm 8 and alarms;It such as detects temperature value and is less than alarm temperature value, overtemperature alarm 8 is stopped.It is super
The setting of warm alarm 8 can assist in operating personnel and check 1 temperature of shell in real time, to ensure that motor works normally.
It should be noted that the motor radiating shell that the utility model embodiment one provides further includes control valve 9, control
Valve 9 is arranged on feed liquor nozzle 3 and is connect with 7 signal of controller.In the utility model embodiment one, control valve 9 can be
Ball valve, butterfly valve etc. enter the flow velocity and pressure of feed liquor nozzle 3 for controlling cooling fluid.Controller 7 connects with 9 signal of control valve
It connects, and is capable of the aperture of adjusting control valve 9.Controller 7 can be according to corresponding to 1 temperature of shell that temperature sensor 5 detects
Detection temperature value size adjusting control valve 9 aperture, such as detect temperature value it is bigger, the aperture of control valve 9 is bigger.Control
The setting of valve 9 processed can assist in operating personnel and the flow velocity of the cooling fluid of flow ipe 21 be adjusted, to help to adjust
Save the radiating rate of motor heat-dissipating casing.
Embodiment 2
The electromotor cooling system that the present embodiment two provides, including water pump, water injection pipe, return pipe, cooling device and above-mentioned
Motor radiating shell described in embodiment.
Wherein, motor radiating shell includes shell 1, cooling fin 2, feed liquor nozzle 3 and goes out liquid nozzle 4, cooling fin 2 and shell 1
Outer surface connection, cooling fin 2 offers the pipeline 21 for conveying cooling fluid, length direction and the cooling fin 2 of pipeline 21
Length direction be consistent, the both ends on the length direction of cooling fin 2 respectively with feed liquor nozzle 3 and go out liquid nozzle 4 and connect, and pipeline
21 respectively with the inner cavity of feed liquor nozzle 3 and go out the inner cavity of liquid nozzle 4 and be connected to, the cross section of cooling fin 2 is in wavy.
In the utility model embodiment two, the both ends of the water injection pipe of motor radiating shell respectively with the output end of water pump and
The feed liquor nozzle 3 of motor radiating shell connects, and the cooling fluid for exporting water pump is delivered to the feed liquor nozzle of motor radiating shell
3, then entered in the pipeline 21 of motor radiating shell by the feed liquor nozzle 3 of motor radiating shell, participate in heat exchange;The both ends of return pipe
It is connect respectively with the liquid nozzle 4 that goes out of the input terminal of water pump and motor radiating shell, for will be flowed from the liquid nozzle 4 that goes out of motor radiating shell
The cooling fluid gone out is delivered in water pump.Cooling device is arranged on water injection pipe and/or return pipe, and cooling fluid can utilize motor
The cooling device being arranged on the water injection pipe of heat-dissipating casing and/or the return pipe of motor radiating shell is cooled down, and can be made and motor
The temperature of cooling fluid after the heat exchange of shell 1 of heat-dissipating casing reduces, and participates in the cooling heat dissipation of motor radiating shell again.
The electromotor cooling system that the utility model embodiment two provides is had by the way that motor radiating shell is arranged for motor
Effect heat dissipation, electromotor cooling system are in wavy cooling fin 2 using cross section, not only increase motor radiating shell and extraneous ring
Heat exchange area between border increases the heat dissipation area of motor, accelerates the radiating rate of motor, and set on cooling fin 2
Set the pipeline 21 flowed for cooling fluid, and by pipeline 21 filling cooling fluid help 1 rapid cooling of shell to be
Electric motor temperature reduction, method is simple, at low cost, considerably increases radiating efficiency, accelerates the radiating rate of motor.
Preferably, the electromotor cooling system that the utility model embodiment two provides further includes wind turbine, the air supply direction of wind turbine
For towards motor radiating shell direction, wind turbine is used to blow for motor radiating shell, accelerates motor radiating case surface
Speed air flow reduces motor radiating ambient envelope temperature, and then it is cold to increase the motor that the utility model embodiment two provides
But the radiating efficiency of system.
Finally it should be noted that:The above various embodiments is only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than limits it
System;Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should
Understand:It still can be with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, either to which part or whole
Technical characteristic carries out equivalent replacement;And these modifications or replacements, this practicality that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution are new
The range of each embodiment technical solution of type.