CN207664888U - High efficiency full bridge rectifier - Google Patents
High efficiency full bridge rectifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN207664888U CN207664888U CN201820062775.5U CN201820062775U CN207664888U CN 207664888 U CN207664888 U CN 207664888U CN 201820062775 U CN201820062775 U CN 201820062775U CN 207664888 U CN207664888 U CN 207664888U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of high efficiency full bridge rectifier being directed to low-frequency sinusoidal AC electricity, the circuit forms full bridge rectifier by four power field effect pipes, two downside field-effect tube control its switch motion by two photoelectrical couplers, and corresponding sinusoidal ac positive-negative half-cycle being opened and closing；Two high side field-effect tube manage its switch motion by high speed voltage comparator, and the polarity of voltage information at high side field-effect tube both ends is fed back to the input terminal of voltage comparator so that high side field-effect tube has the one-way conduction feature of diode.Its usefulness of the utility model is that relative to general-purpose diode rectification circuit, rectification efficiency can be improved to 10% 15% in the working environment of low-voltage and high-current.
Description
Technical field
The content that the utility model high efficiency full bridge rectifier is related to belongs to electronic technology field, and the friendship for power supply is straight
Rheology is changed.
Background technology
The effect of rectification circuit is that alternating voltage is converted into DC voltage, is generally formed using four diodes
Bridge rectifier structure.But in low-voltage and high-current switching process, the voltage drop of rectifier diode cannot be ignored, pipe pressure
It is usually 1.0V-2.0V to drop, and power attenuation occupies larger ratio caused by rectifier diode, generally reaches general power
10%-20%.Therefore, there are ineffective disadvantages for diode bridge rectifier circuit under low voltage environment, for electric energy
It is a big damage to efficiently use.
In order to reduce the power attenuation of rectification circuit, diode is substituted using power field effect pipe at present and undertakes rectification work
Make.The conducting internal resistance very little of low Breakdown Voltage Power field-effect tube even flows through 10A electric currents usually above or below 10m Ω, produced
Voltage drop be also far below the voltage drop of general-purpose diode, thus greatly reduce the power attenuation of rectifying device itself.But two
Pole pipe is simple one way conducting device, without external control；And field-effect tube is controlled device, it is necessary to according to the need of switching
Synchronize control.In order to enable field-effect tube reaches the target of one-way conduction, industry is proposed based on power field effect pipe
Circuit of synchronous rectification, be reference with protection diode inside power field effect pipe, when applying positive direction in field-effect tube
It is synchronous when applying the voltage of negative direction in field-effect tube by addition locking control voltage opens field-effect tube all the way when voltage
Control voltage makes field-effect tube close.Circuit of synchronous rectification is basically used in high-frequency switch circuit at present, using doublewound complete
Wave synchronous rectification structure, as shown in Fig. 4.It is not solid because of input voltage amplitude consecutive variations in low-frequency sinusoidal AC environment
The switch instant of fixed Push And Release, it is not easy to synchronizing signal is obtained, it is basic without using synchronous rectification mode, generally use classics
Diode rectifier circuit.
It is unilateal conduction that power field effect pipe, which substitutes diode and undertakes the basic demand of rectification work, i.e., with power field effect
Protection diode inside pipe is reference, and both ends are connected when applying the voltage of positive direction, and both ends are closed when applying negative direction voltage.
Under low speed environments, as long as the voltage difference between detection field-effect tube source and drain the two poles of the earth, the grid of rapid feedback to field-effect tube are complete
At the adjustment of through and off, the synchronizing signal for not needing to be external participates in control.This control may be implemented in electronic technology completely
Target processed.Accordingly, the utility model devises a high efficiency full bridge rectifier structure based on power field effect pipe, can be
Efficient rectification work is realized in low-frequency sinusoidal AC electrical environment.
Invention content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of high efficiency full bridge rectifier being directed to low-frequency sinusoidal AC electricity, from
See that there are following characteristics on technological layer：
High efficiency full bridge rectifier constitutes full bridge circuit by four power field effect pipes, and four power field effect pipes connect
It is principle, i.e. power that it is consistent with diode polarity in common rectifier bridge according to power field effect pipe internal protection diode, which to connect relationship,
Field-effect tube is in reverse conduction mode, as shown in Fig. 1；Two lowside power fields relative to output voltage cathode after rectification
Effect pipe Q2 and Q4 grid source electrode is separately connected photoelectrical coupler delivery outlet, two high side power field-effect tube Q1 and Q3 respectively with electricity
Polarity discrimination driving circuit is pressed to form simulating diode circuit, as shown in Fig. 3；The input terminal series connection limit of two photoelectrical couplers
The sinusoidal ac circuit being connected to after leakage resistance before rectification also connects rectification after full bridge rectifier input port series inductance L1
Preceding sinusoidal ac circuit, full bridge rectifier output port connect filter capacitor, and circuit is without external control terminal.
The simulating diode circuit by diode D5, high speed voltage comparator IC3, field-effect tube Q1, resistance R9, R10,
R5, R1 and capacitance C7 compositions, wherein diode D5 cathodes, high speed voltage comparator in-phase end and power supply negative terminal, field-effect tube Q1
Source electrode is interconnected to collinearly, and FET drain is connected to the reverse side of voltage comparator, pull-up resistor R10 by resistance R9
Power positive end and high speed voltage comparator output end are connect, the operating voltage needed for voltage comparator is by being externally supplied, such as 2 institute of attached drawing
Show.
High efficiency full bridge rectifier is compared to advantageous effect caused by diode rectifier circuit：
In the working environment of low-voltage and high-current, relative to general-purpose diode rectification circuit, rectification efficiency can be carried
High 10%-15%.
Whole bridge rectifier circuit is in switching process, always two fields of opposite side in the bridge-type that four power field effect pipes are constituted
Effect pipe simultaneously turns on, and two field-effect tube of another opposite side are ended simultaneously, and Q3, Q2 end simultaneously when being connected such as Q1, Q4.With output
Voltage negative terminal is reference, and there are two downside rectifying tube and two high side rectifying tubes, as shown in Fig. 1.Q1, Q3 are high side field-effect
Pipe, Q2, Q4 are downside field-effect tube.As long as two downside rectifying tubes are asynchronously opened, i.e., Q2, Q4 can be simultaneously closed off,
But it cannot simultaneously turn on, and two high side rectifying tubes not only cannot be open-minded simultaneously and it is necessary to have diode conduction characteristic, by
The polarity of voltage at its own both ends determines its conducting and closed state.The rectifier bridge of filter capacitor is connected with for output end, it is defeated
Go out voltage and maintain higher voltage magnitude, in a cycle of simple alternating current, there are input voltages will be less than output voltage
Time.When only input voltage is higher than output voltage, high side field-effect tube Q1 or Q3 could be opened, this work characteristics can be with
Referred to as voltage compliance characteristics.The high side field-effect tube of rectification circuit is designed to simulating diode structure, as shown in Fig. 2, just
Have voltage compliance characteristics.Circuit shown in attached drawing 2 can also be referred to as active diode.
There is field-effect tube simulating diode circuit backward voltage ability is automatically closed, and have higher polarity of voltage to differentiate spirit
Sensitivity.Maximum potentials of the diode D5 for limit voltage ratio compared with device input terminal in attached drawing 2, the minimum negative potential of input terminal be by
Field-effect tube Q1 internal protection diodes are clamped down on.Voltage comparable chip uses LM397, and the level propagation delay time is about 0.3 μ
S is much smaller than the common voltage comparator LM393 propagation delay times.The outlet internal of voltage comparator LM397 is OC knots
Structure only needs additional pull-up resistor R10 to complete pulse voltage output, you can driving FET Q1.There are also voltage comparators
It is to be exported using totem pole configuration, but operating voltage generally in 5V hereinafter, can not utilize herein.Although the operation of LM358 one kind
Amplifier is totem pole configuration output, but when they work in voltage and compare state, and delay time can be up to 0.5ms, also without
Method uses.
Diode switchs in procedures of turn-off that there are delay effects of short duration, simulating diode to switch to end from conducting from conducting
When there are longer delay times, to cause the discharge current of short time.Therefore, pulse electricity is added in the input terminal of rectification circuit
Stream inhibits inductance L1, inhibits discharge current caused by due to late release.Operating voltage value needed for simulating diode circuit regards
Depending on field-effect tube turning-on voltage requires, for the field-effect tube such as NTD50N03, AON6504 cut-in voltage down to 1.7V, work
Voltage is taken as 6~10V.
Using photoelectrical coupler driving downside field-effect tube designed to simplify circuit.Photoelectrical coupler is without additional
Working power, directly according to the corresponding field-effect tube of alternating voltage polarity driven of input, circuit structure is simple.Although photoelectricity
Coupler, which exists, is connected gate voltage, and in the practical switching process with rear class filtering capacitance, output voltage maintains higher voltage
Amplitude, in a cycle of simple alternating current, the input voltage of most of time will be less than output voltage, attached in exchange no-voltage
Closely without rectified current, the neighbouring field-effect tube of exchange no-voltage, which has no, opens requirement.Therefore, photoelectrical coupler is fully able to competent field
The driving requirement of effect pipe.
Complete high efficiency full bridge rectifier is as shown in Fig. 3.When it is negative to input ACV1 to be positive ACV2, field-effect tube
Q1 is open-minded, meanwhile, optocoupler IC6 output currents, field-effect tube Q4 is open-minded, provides low-resistance rectifying path, and rectified current passes through inductance
L1, field-effect tube Q1, output DC load, field-effect tube Q4 forming circuits；It is timing, field-effect when input ACV1 is negative ACV2
Pipe Q3 is open-minded, meanwhile, optocoupler IC5 output currents, field-effect tube Q2 is open-minded, provides low-resistance rectifying path, rectified current is through interlude
Effect pipe Q3, output DC load, field-effect tube Q2, inductance L1 forming circuits；When input ac voltage is relatively low, two optocouplers
Without output current, field-effect tube Q2 and Q4 are turned off, and rectifier bridge is logical without low impedance current drain is provided without rectified current at this time
Road.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is the whole bridge rectifier circuit agent structure built by four power field effect pipes.
ACV1 and ACV2 is two input terminals of alternating voltage in figure, and DCOUT+ and DCOUT- are DC voltages after rectification
Two output ends.
Attached drawing 2 is the simulating diode circuit based on field-effect tube.
IC3 is high speed voltage comparator in figure, and Q1 is used as the field-effect tube of rectification.
Attached drawing 3 is the complete schematic digram of high efficiency full bridge rectifier.
ACV1 and ACV2 is two input terminals of alternating voltage in figure, and DCOUT+ and DCOUT- are DC voltages after rectification
Two output ends, IC5 and IC6 are photoelectrical couplers, and IC3 and IC4 are high speed voltage comparators.
Attached drawing 4 is the double winding all-wave circuit of synchronous rectification basic structure of high-frequency switch circuit.
T1 is switch transformer in figure, and input AC pulse voltage, Q1 and Q2 are rectifying tubes, and L1 is filter inductance, DCOUT
+ and DCOUT- be two output ends of DC voltage after rectification, DCOUT-, which is used as, refers to ground terminal, and va and vb are two with frequency pulse
Voltage.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the attached drawing of the utility model, the implementation of the utility model is described further.
The power supply of active diode circuit can be derived from the DC voltage after rectification, when rectifier output voltage is higher than 15V,
Switch buck mode may be used, reduce the power consumption of power supply circuit；When rectifier output voltage is less than 18V, may be used
Zener diode parallel connection is depressured mode, to simplify circuit structure.
In high efficiency rectification circuit as shown in Fig. 3 high side using simulating diode structure and downside using photoelectricity consumption close
Device driving FET, it is only for simplify circuit structure and open and close if high and low side is all made of simulating diode structure
The speed closed can more be accelerated.Also in that can be used without the MOS field effect transistor special driving chip that highly sensitive voltage compares, use attached
Complicated circuit construction shown in Fig. 2.If can be by partial circuit is fabricated to special drive in addition to power field effect pipe in attached drawing 2
Dynamic chip, can greatly simplify practical rectifier circuit structure.This special driving chip should be ensured that four basic demands：Enough
High voltage discrimination threshold, sufficiently fast signal transmission speed, sufficiently large output current ability, in 4~10V voltage ranges
Inside can it work normally.
Inductance L1 is for inhibiting back discharge electric current caused by due to active diode late release effect, inductance to measure
Tens of microhenrys.Resistance R8 is input current sample resistance, and for the detection to input current size, resistance value control is taken as
0.1 Ω is hereinafter, to reduce power attenuation, and available wire replaces when without detecting.
The opposite comparison of high efficiency whole bridge rectifier circuit structure is independent, is preferably designed to rectification module, to facilitate its application.
For the type selecting of field-effect tube Q1~Q4 depending on the needs of voltage and current, drain-source pressure resistance should be greater than maximum input voltage, such as
Alternating voltage peak can select the field-effect tube such as NTD50N03, AON6504, AOD518 in 25V or less；Alternating current voltage crest
Value can select the field-effect tube such as AOD2610, IRFZ44N, IRF3205 in 50V or less.
This high efficiency rectification circuit is generally used for 50V AC rectifications below, with the raising of alternating voltage, diode electricity
Pressure drop declines relative to the accounting of input voltage, and working efficiency, which will promote ratio, to be declined.The test of sample circuit is shown
In the rectification for exchanging 15V voltage 2A electric currents, rectification efficiency can reach 96%, than with general-purpose diode bridge rectifier efficiency
Improve 10%.
Claims (2)
1. high efficiency full bridge rectifier, structure feature are：Circuit constitutes full bridge circuit by four power field effect pipes,
Four power field effect pipe connection relations are according to diode pole in power field effect pipe internal protection diode and common rectifier bridge
Property be unanimously principle, i.e. power field effect pipe is in reverse conduction mode；Two relative to output voltage cathode after rectification are low
Side power field effect pipe Q2 and Q4 grid source electrode is separately connected photoelectrical coupler delivery outlet, two high side power field-effect tube Q1 and Q3
Differentiate that driving circuit forms simulating diode circuit with polarity of voltage respectively；The input terminal series connection current limliting electricity of two photoelectrical couplers
The sinusoidal ac circuit being connected to after resistance before rectification, before also connecting rectification after full bridge rectifier input port series inductance L1
Sinusoidal ac circuit, full bridge rectifier output port connect filter capacitor, and circuit is without external control terminal.
2. high efficiency full bridge rectifier according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Simulating diode circuit is by diode
D5, high speed voltage comparator IC3, field-effect tube Q1, resistance R9, R10, R5, R1 and capacitance C7 compositions, wherein diode D5 are cloudy
Pole, high speed voltage comparator in-phase end and power supply negative terminal, field-effect tube Q1 source electrodes are interconnected to collinearly, FET drain warp
The reverse side that resistance R9 is connected to voltage comparator is crossed, pull-up resistor R10 connects power positive end and high speed voltage comparator output end,
Operating voltage needed for voltage comparator is by being externally supplied.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820062775.5U CN207664888U (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | High efficiency full bridge rectifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820062775.5U CN207664888U (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | High efficiency full bridge rectifier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN207664888U true CN207664888U (en) | 2018-07-27 |
Family
ID=62945241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820062775.5U Expired - Fee Related CN207664888U (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | High efficiency full bridge rectifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN207664888U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110474546A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-19 | 深圳市泛海数据科技有限公司 | A kind of rectification circuit based on field-effect tube |
| CN110912426A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-24 | 田瑜 | Rectifier circuit and DC power generation circuit |
| TWI750012B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-12-11 | 群光電能科技股份有限公司 | Power supply device and voltage converting method |
-
2018
- 2018-01-05 CN CN201820062775.5U patent/CN207664888U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110912426A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-24 | 田瑜 | Rectifier circuit and DC power generation circuit |
| CN110474546A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-19 | 深圳市泛海数据科技有限公司 | A kind of rectification circuit based on field-effect tube |
| TWI750012B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-12-11 | 群光電能科技股份有限公司 | Power supply device and voltage converting method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20180727 Termination date: 20200105 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |