CN206832361U - A kind of unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system - Google Patents
A kind of unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206832361U CN206832361U CN201720429707.3U CN201720429707U CN206832361U CN 206832361 U CN206832361 U CN 206832361U CN 201720429707 U CN201720429707 U CN 201720429707U CN 206832361 U CN206832361 U CN 206832361U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system, belong to unmanned plane Technology of low altitude remote sensing field.Unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system include unmanned plane, uniformity radiant correction subsystem and be mounted on unmanned plane from steady head and high spectrum image collector；High spectrum image collector, which includes being mounted in from the snap formula full width on steady head, is imaged EO-1 hyperion camera, and uniformity radiant correction subsystem includes radiant correction target and the illumination photometer and GPS that are mounted on the unmanned plane.This remote sensing system image taking speed is fast, quality is good, and the Concordance of high spectrum image can be realized under unsettled.
Description
Technical field
Unmanned plane Technology of low altitude remote sensing field is the utility model is related to, more particularly, to a kind of with uniformity radiant correction
Unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system.
Background technology
Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing relies on the advantages that simple in construction, cost is low, flexibility is high, image spatial and temporal resolution is high, just progressively
As satellite remote sensing, there are effective means of supplementing out economy of man-machine remote sensing and ground remote sensing.
High spectrum resolution remote sensing technique can obtain the spectral information and spatial information of research object simultaneously, and can be obtained wider
The inside and outside information of research object is taken, more fully to analyze research object, is the key technology of modern age remote sensing, has
Contain much information, detectivity is high, detects the advantages that abundant in content, and can detect the track of the faint or recessive composition of target area
Mark.But the Hyperspectral imager applied to unmanned plane low-altitude remote sensing uses push-broom type imaging spectrometer, not only remote sensing at present
The quality of image is larger by the effect of jitter of unmanned plane during flying posture, and is not easy to later stage radiant correction.
In addition, remote sensing lays particular emphasis on the radiation information of extraction geographical space, the true of each wave band reflectivity of atural object can be obtained
Degree is most important to follow-up remote sensing Quantitative study.In the airborne detect operation of reality, signal that imaging spectrometer receives is main
If the integrated signal that target component gives off after bying sunlight.However, when the sunlight as light source can by weather and when
Between influence, produce intensity and during wavelength change, the radiant light of target photographed object also can synchronously change, thus cause to detect
The larger deviation of data, i.e. the remote sensing images of same atural object can be by factors such as transducer calibration, solar azimuth, atmospheric conditions
Influence, had differences in the reflectance spectrum of different imaging times, image height atural object, be reflected as image brightness values error, need through
Radiant correction commonly uses bearing calibration as simple increase reference plate or additional independent radiometer to eliminate and mitigate this radiation distortion
Reference is corrected to obtain, although simply, the shortcomings such as correction accuracy is poor, automaticity is low and efficiency is low be present.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system, is taken pictures stability in raising
While, it is easy to the processing of later stage radiant correction.
To achieve these goals, unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system provided by the utility model includes nobody
Machine, uniformity radiant correction subsystem and be mounted on unmanned plane from steady head and high spectrum image collector；EO-1 hyperion
Image collecting device, which includes being mounted in from the snap formula full width on steady head, is imaged EO-1 hyperion camera, uniformity radiant correction subsystem
The illumination photometer and GPS that system includes radiant correction target and is mounted on the unmanned plane.
By setting from steady head, the shooting process that EO-1 hyperion camera is imaged for snap formula full width provides stable support, with
Raising is taken pictures quality；Shot using snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera, subsequent irradiation correction process can be easy to；Pass through
Uniformity radiant correction subsystem is set, and it includes being used for the radiant correction target for obtaining each wave band reflectivity of high spectrum image indirectly
Mark, for aid in correct different time under photoenvironment change illumination photometer and for obtain shoot high spectrum image when longitude and latitude
The GPS of information, to collect data needed for later stage radiant correction, effectively ensure after subsequent irradiation correction process, can obtain high-quality
The high spectrum image of amount.In addition, obtaining high spectrum image using full width face battle array imaging mode, not only image taking speed is fast, quality is good,
And it is not easy to be influenceed by unmanned plane during flying posture and head shake.
Specific scheme is that snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera includes imaging sensor, optical filter and camera lens, is filtered
Piece is inlayed on the image sensor in units of pixel.Effectively realize the collection of different-waveband image information.
More specifically scheme is the pixel dot element that imaging sensor includes being made up of 5 × 5 arrays 25 pixels, as
The wave band for the optical filter inlayed in vegetarian refreshments unit on pixel is different.The image of acquisition is made up of 25 wave bands, with well
Meet the common prescription of spectral resolution and image resolution ratio.
Another specific scheme is that radiant correction target includes substrate and the white primer layer being coated on substrate with applying
Diffusing reflection top coat layer of the cloth on white primer layer；The quantity of radiant correction target is four pieces, first piece of upper diffusing reflection top coat layer
It is 10% for black flour enamelled coating and its reflectivity, the diffusing reflection top coat layer on second piece is dark-grey top coat layer and its reflectivity is
30%, the diffusing reflection top coat layer on the 3rd piece is grey top coat layer and its reflectivity is 50%, the diffusing reflection top coat layer on the 4th piece
It is 65% for light gray top coat layer and its reflectivity.By obtaining the reflectivity on polylith different reflectivity target and corresponding wave band
DN, to fit the radiant correction parameter under each wave band, be advantageous to improve the correctness of fitting result.
Preferable scheme is to include mounting seat, gyro sensor and driving snap formula full width from steady head to be imaged EO-1 hyperion
The actuating unit that camera rotates rotating around three mutually orthogonal axles；Mounting seat is fixedly connected with unmanned plane, and actuating unit is fixed
In mounting seat, gyro sensor is installed on actuating unit with being synchronized with the movement with snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 2 is from the structural representation of steady head in the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the sensor of snap formula EO-1 hyperion camera in the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 4 is to be shot using the utility model embodiment and carry out the workflow of the method for uniformity radiant correction
Figure.
Wherein：1st, controller, 2, dc source, 3, illumination photometer, 4, GPS, 5, camera sensor, 51, pixel
Unit, 52, pixel, 6, camera lens, 7, from steady head, 70, mounting seat, 71, course motor, 72, roll motor contact,
73rd, roll motor, 74, roll pitching motor connector, 75, pitching motor, 76, camera holder.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiments and its accompanying drawing is described further to the utility model.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, this unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system includes unmanned plane, uniformity radiant correction
System and be mounted on the unmanned plane from steady head 7 and high spectrum image collector.
There is mounting seat 70, actuating unit and gyro sensor from steady head 7, actuating unit have course motor 71,
Roll motor contact 72, roll motor 73, roll pitching motor connector 74, pitching motor 75 and camera holder 76；Course electricity
The stator of machine 71 is fixedly connected with mounting seat 70, and stator is fixedly connected with one end of roll motor contact 72；Roll motor 73
Stator be fixedly connected with the other end of roll motor contact 72, one end of rotor and roll pitching motor connector 74 is fixed
Connection；The stator of pitching motor 75 is fixedly connected with the other end of roll pitching motor connector 74, and rotor is solid with camera holder 76
Fixed connection, camera are arranged on camera holder 76, and gyro sensor is arranged on camera holder with being synchronized with the movement with camera, so as to examine
Camera position change is measured, producing three mutually orthogonal axles by three motors rotates, to provide stable branch for camera shooting process
Support, i.e. actuating unit are used to drive snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera to rotate rotating around three mutually orthogonal axles.
High spectrum image collector includes controller 1, dc source 2 and is mounted in complete from the snap formula on steady head 7
Width is imaged EO-1 hyperion camera, and snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera has camera sensor 5, optical filter and camera lens 6；Phase
The internal structure of machine sensor 5 is as shown in figure 3, it is to inlay different-waveband on camera sensor 5 in units of pixel 52
Optical filter, as black surround region that part is enclosed is the pixel dot element 51 that is built with 25 pixels in figure, i.e., in pixel list
25 different optical filters of wave band have been inlayed in member 51, when generating remote sensing images, figure that 25 pixels are gathered
As a pixel in synthesis remote sensing images, i.e., a pixel contains the DN values under 25 wave bands, therefore can be wrapped
The high spectrum image of target area containing 25 wave bands, in the present embodiment wave band include visible near-infrared wave band, wavelength band
At 400 nanometers to 1000 nanometers.
Uniformity radiant correction subsystem include the whole radiant correction target being laid on pre- remote sensing shooting ground region and
The illumination photometer 3 and GPS 4 being mounted on unmanned plane, wherein, illumination photometer 3 is powered with GPS 4 by dc source 2.
Illumination photometer 2 is that it is unobstructed that it is located at unmanned plane top with cosine correction and the illuminance collector insensitive to light source direction
Opening position, to gather reference optical signal in real time, for aiding in photoenvironment between correcting different time points to change.GPS 4 is used
Longitude and latitude positional information when shooting high spectrum image is obtained, the i.e. positional information corresponding with every remote sensing images.Radiation
Correction target is by substrate and is coated with white primer layer on the substrate and the reflection top coat layer structure being coated on white primer layer
Into in the present embodiment, substrate is the composite wood board that size is 1.2m × 1.2m × 1.2cm, and quantity is on four pieces, first piece
Diffusing reflection top coat layer is black flour enamelled coating and its reflectivity is 10%, the diffusing reflection top coat layer on second piece for dark-grey top coat layer and its
Reflectivity is 30%, and the diffusing reflection top coat layer on the 3rd piece is grey top coat layer and its reflectivity is 50%, unrestrained anti-on the 4th piece
Penetrate that top coat layer is light gray top coat layer and its reflectivity is 65%.
Referring to Fig. 4, the high-spectrum remote-sensing figure in one piece of field of above-mentioned unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system collection is used
As and carry out uniformity radiant correction method include pre-acquired step S1, take pictures storing step S2 and uniformity radiant correction step
Rapid S3, it is photographed the pre- remote sensing that field is formed in the present embodiment and shoots ground region.
Pre-acquired step S1, before unmanned plane takes off, the radiant correction parallel target of four pieces of different reflectivities is distributed on
On field between field, and them be located at the centre position in remote sensing region as far as possible, and use portable type ground spectrometer with
Machine measurement target drone, during measurement, for probe perpendicularly to the ground positioned at 1m eminences above target, every piece of target selects 5 different to click through
Row measurement, takes reflectance curve of its average value as target, and ground spectrometer is measured into the anti-of different targets under each wave band
Penetrate rate and carry out least square linear fit with the average DN values under corresponding wave band, to obtain the radiant correction system under each wave band
Number.
Taken pictures storing step S2, and low-altitude remote sensing flight is done according to the predetermined flight plan of earth station in low latitude with unmanned plane, real
When earthward transmit as the current longitude and latitude positional information acquired in GPS 4, earth station, which passes through, compares predetermined flight meter
Draw, being imaged EO-1 hyperion camera to snap formula full width by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data transmission link sends shooting instruction.Dc source 2 is to whole
Individual system power supply, controller 1 trigger snap formula full width by pwm signal and are imaged EO-1 hyperion camera one frame remotely-sensed data of collection, and
The high-precision longitude and latitude letter that irradiation level information in prevailing circumstances and GPS 4 receive is collected with reference to illumination photometer 3
Breath, matching are stored in high-capacity storage device after numbering.
Uniformity radiant correction step S3, obtain the high-spectrum remote sensing of pre- remote sensing shooting ground region described in monoblock
Afterwards, the image to include the radiant correction target is used as initial reference images, foundation route information and picture number, to first
The adjacent image of beginning benchmark image carries out radiation Concordance, the image on the basis of the image after Concordance via radiation,
Radiation Concordance is carried out to adjacent image.
(1) after unmanned plane completes flight plan and lands, the EO-1 hyperion for obtaining the pre- remote sensing shooting ground region of monoblock is distant
Feel image, export the remotely-sensed data stored in a device on ground, selection includes known reflectivity radiant correction target
Image is as initial reference images, and the route information and the numbering of image that input in flight plan choose neighbor map as automatic
The basis for estimation of picture.
(2) radiation Concordance is done to the adjacent image of the initial reference images containing radiant correction target, utilized
Harris corner detection approach extracts adjacent picture to the characteristic point of overlapping region and matches same place as statistical sample, Ran Hougen
Linearity correction model is established to the DN values of same place according to adjacent picture, i.e., establishes linear regression between the gray value of the same place of matching
Model of fit, if image to be corrected is more than predetermined threshold value with mean square error of the benchmark image same place DN values on the same band,
In the present embodiment, predetermined threshold value 15, then the image to be corrected is corrected using linearity correction model.
According to the known reflectivity on the initial reference images containing target and DN values, radiant correction is calculated by linear formula
Parameter；
In the present embodiment, the calculation formula of calculating radiant correction parameter is：
Ref=k × DN+b
Wherein, Ref is clutter reflections rate, and DN is the DN values of corresponding high spectrum image, and k is linear equation Slope Parameters, b
For linear regression intercept parameter.In initial reference images, Ref is the reflectivity of target, and DN is to be mended by the illumination of illumination photometer
The DN values of target in rear high spectrum image are repaid, illumination compensation is carried out with the illumination value obtained using illumination photometer, to make up ground survey
Amount target reflectivity obtains target DN values with unmanned plane can not carry out caused difference simultaneously, can be used by illumination photometer linear
Penalty coefficient a, the target DN value complements that unmanned plane obtains are repaid into the DN values when ground obtains reflectivity.
(3) image after again will be calibrated carries out radiation Concordance as benchmark image to image adjacent thereto,
Until complete the correction to all images.
In uniformity radiant correction step S3, during carrying out radiation Concordance to image, it can complete to institute
After having the correction of DN values of image, recycle radiant correction parameter that the DN values of image are converted into reflectivity, to improve processing effect
Rate；Also the DN values of this image then can be changed into reflectivity, then again to neighbor map after the correction of DN values is carried out to image
Converted as carrying out the correction of DN values with reflectivity.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system, including unmanned plane, uniformity radiant correction subsystem and it is mounted in
On the unmanned plane from steady head and high spectrum image collector；
It is characterized in that：
The high spectrum image collector includes being mounted in the snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera from steady head；
The uniformity radiant correction subsystem include radiant correction target and the illumination photometer that is mounted on the unmanned plane with
GPS。
2. unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera includes imaging sensor, optical filter and camera lens, and the optical filter is with pixel
For unit it is embedded in described image sensor.
3. unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Described image sensor includes being made up of the pixel dot element of 5 × 5 arrays 25 pixels, in the pixel dot element
The wave band for the optical filter inlayed on pixel is different.
4. unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The radiant correction target includes the white primer layer of substrate and coating on the substrate with being coated on the white bottom
Diffusing reflection top coat layer on enamelled coating；
The quantity of the radiant correction target is four pieces, and first piece of upper diffusing reflection top coat layer is black flour enamelled coating and its reflectivity is
10%, the diffusing reflection top coat layer on second piece is dark-grey top coat layer and its reflectivity is 30%, the diffusing reflection finish paint on the 3rd piece
Layer is 50% for grey top coat layer and its reflectivity, and the diffusing reflection top coat layer on the 4th piece is light gray top coat layer and its reflectivity is
65%.
5. the unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system according to any one of Claims 1-4 claim, its feature exist
In：
It is described to include mounting seat, gyro sensor and the driving snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera difference from steady head
The actuating unit that the axle mutually orthogonal around three rotates；
The mounting seat is fixedly connected with the unmanned plane, and the actuating unit is installed in the mounting seat, the gyroscope
Sensor is installed on the actuating unit with being synchronized with the movement with snap formula full width imaging EO-1 hyperion camera.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107402069A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system and uniformity radiation correction method |
| CN109507119A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-03-22 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of water quality element concentration detection method based on unmanned plane spectrum |
| CN109974854A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-07-05 | 石河子大学 | A kind of radiation correction method of frame width formula FPI high spectrum image |
| CN111693462A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-22 | 苏州天地衡遥感科技有限公司 | High spectrum ground object reflectivity measurement system |
| CN111750994A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-10-09 | 武汉纺织大学 | Spectrum measurement method based on digital camera imaging model |
-
2017
- 2017-04-21 CN CN201720429707.3U patent/CN206832361U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107402069A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Unmanned plane snap formula hyperspectral remote sensing system and uniformity radiation correction method |
| CN109507119A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-03-22 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of water quality element concentration detection method based on unmanned plane spectrum |
| CN109974854A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-07-05 | 石河子大学 | A kind of radiation correction method of frame width formula FPI high spectrum image |
| CN111693462A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-22 | 苏州天地衡遥感科技有限公司 | High spectrum ground object reflectivity measurement system |
| CN111750994A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-10-09 | 武汉纺织大学 | Spectrum measurement method based on digital camera imaging model |
| CN111750994B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2022-11-11 | 武汉纺织大学 | Spectral measurement method based on digital camera imaging model |
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