CN206469893U - A kind of distributed sensor - Google Patents
A kind of distributed sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN206469893U CN206469893U CN201720122893.6U CN201720122893U CN206469893U CN 206469893 U CN206469893 U CN 206469893U CN 201720122893 U CN201720122893 U CN 201720122893U CN 206469893 U CN206469893 U CN 206469893U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of distributed sensor, including impulse generator, LASER Light Source, fiber optical circulator, sensor fibre, photoelectric conversion module, signal acquisition process module, signal acquisition process module controls the electric impulse signal of impulse generator generation rule；LASER Light Source produces corresponding laser pulse signal under the driving of electric impulse signal；The laser pulse signal that LASER Light Source is produced is coupled in sensor fibre by fiber optical circulator, and back rayleigh scattering light enters photoelectric conversion module along sensor fibre by the exit ports of fiber optical circulator；The output port of photoelectric conversion module is connected with signal acquisition process module.Sensor fibre uses a plastic-clad optical fiber, and its core material is silica, and clad material is organosilicon.The utility model can realize that Rayleigh scattering occurs for sensor fibre, and then be sensed, and have the advantages that system assembles are easy, cost is low and sensing capability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to fibre optical sensor field, more particularly to a kind of distributed sensor.
Background technology
Rayleigh scattering is the inherent characteristic of fiber optic materials, when short optical pulse inject sensor fibre and along sensor fibre forward
During propagation, Rayleigh scattering will occur for place of arrival, be the theoretical foundation of optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) work.It is distributed using OTDR
Formula optical fiber sensing system, can measure the decay and offer of whole optical fiber link the decay details relevant with length, specific manifestation
For the event of any position on detection, positioning and measurement optical fiber link, the shape such as welding, connector, bending in optical fiber link
Into defect etc., be optical fiber cable production, construction, safeguard in indispensable instrument.
The device that OTDR carries out distributed sensing to temperature and stress is currently based on, there are following two problems：1st, typically need
External one special OTDR instrument is wanted, the producer of present main flow has U.S. PK (PhotonKinetics), day intrinsic safety to stand
(ANRITSU), U.S.'s laser accurate (GN Nettest), Ericsson (Ericsson), EXFO etc., but its cost is all relatively more high
It is expensive；2nd, sensor fibre is usually the single-mode fiber or multimode fibre of general commercial, and it is not special to temperature and the sensitiveness of stress
It is not good.
Therefore, studying, a kind of sensing capability is strong and lower-cost distributed sensor has important practical value.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the shortcoming and deficiency for overcoming prior art there is provided a kind of distributed sensor, should
Sensor is without using expensive OTDR instruments, by using a signal acquisition process module and impulse generator, you can realize
Rayleigh scattering occurs for sensor fibre, and then is sensed, and has the advantages that system assembles are easy, cost is low and sensing capability is strong.
The purpose of this utility model is realized by following technical scheme：A kind of distributed sensor, including pulse generation
Device, LASER Light Source, fiber optical circulator, sensor fibre, photoelectric conversion module, signal acquisition process module, wherein, impulse generator
The pulse output end mouthful of input port and signal acquisition process module be connected, signal acquisition process module control pulse generation
The electric impulse signal of device generation rule；The output port of impulse generator and the input port of LASER Light Source are connected, LASER Light Source
Corresponding laser pulse signal is produced under the driving of electric impulse signal；Output port, sensor fibre, the photoelectricity of LASER Light Source turn
The input port of mold changing block is connected with the port of fiber optical circulator respectively by optical fiber, the laser pulse letter that LASER Light Source is produced
Number it is coupled in sensor fibre by fiber optical circulator, back rayleigh scattering light passes through the outgoing of fiber optical circulator along sensor fibre
Port enters photoelectric conversion module；The output port of photoelectric conversion module is connected with signal acquisition process module.
The utility model passes through signal acquisition process module, the collective effect of impulse generator so that LASER Light Source is produced
Corresponding laser pulse signal, the back rayleigh scattering light that detects can be characterized by being changed with time using the intensity of electric signal
Luminous power changes with time, and then obtains the ambient parameter to be measured of sensor fibre on the way, realizes the distributed sensing of optical fiber.
It is preferred that, the sensor fibre uses a plastic-clad optical fiber, and plastic-clad optical fiber core material is silica,
Clad material is organosilicon.This optical fiber is higher than traditional single-mode fiber to the perception of temperature and stress, and may be used also
For the measurement of oil-based liquid or VOC, the sensing capability of sensor can be improved.
It is preferred that, the signal acquisition process module includes FPGA main control chips, pulse output end mouth, signal acquisition mould
Block, the input of the signal acquisition module is connected with the output port of photoelectric conversion module, output end and FPGA main control chips
It is connected, FPGA main control chips are connected by pulse output end mouthful with impulse generator.So as to utilize FPGA parallel computation features,
Conversion speed is improved, cost is reduced.
It is preferred that, the LASER Light Source uses pulsed laser light source.
It is preferred that, the photoelectric conversion module include be sequentially connected avalanche photodide (APD), amplifying circuit and
Filter circuit.So as to which under the premise of signal noise ratio is less, the amplitude of photoelectric conversion signal is improved as far as possible.
The utility model compared with prior art, has the following advantages that and beneficial effect：
1st, the utility model controls the electric pulse of impulse generator generation rule to believe by using signal acquisition process module
Number, drive LASER Light Source to produce corresponding laser pulse signal with this, when laser pulse signal is passed in plastic-clad optical fiber
When defeated, due to the change of external environment (such as temperature, pressure, oil-based liquid or VOC), it will all change and mould
Expect that the effective refractive index between fibre cladding and sandwich layer is poor, so as to cause the loss of optical fiber at the point to change, so as to realize
To the Distributed Detection of the parameter to be measured along optical fiber, compared to existing sensor, simple with system architecture, equipment cost is low
Advantage.
2nd, propose to use a kind of plastic-clad optical fiber in the utility model, plastic-clad optical fiber core material is titanium dioxide
Silicon, clad material is organosilicon, and distributing optical fiber sensing is realized using the back rayleigh scattering effect of plastic-clad optical fiber.By
In the material property of plastic-clad optical fiber, it is quick to temperature and the sensitiveness of stress ratio ordinary optic fibre used in the prior art
It is perceptual high, and can be additionally used in the measurement of oil-based liquid or VOC, improve perception of the optical fiber to surrounding environment
Ability, improves systematic survey sensitivity.
3rd, with the distributed Raman fiber sensing technology based on Ramam effect and the distributed cloth based on brillouin effect
In deep optical fiber sensing technology compare, distributed Raman fiber sensing technology requires higher to the luminous power of LASER Light Source, and laser
When luminous power is higher, if improper use can damage some optical components, so as to influence signal measurement；And distributed Brillouin light
Fine sensing technology then needs many expensive accurate components, causes cost high, such as laser is the 10khz of narrow linewidth, with
And polarization needs especially control, need scrambler etc..The utility model uses the signal acquisition process using FPGA as main control chip
Module substitutes special OTDR instruments, so as to substantially reduce the cost of sensor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present embodiment sensor；
Fig. 2 is the plastic-clad optical fiber structural representation of the present embodiment sensor；
Fig. 3 (a)-(c) is the signal detection analysis schematic diagram of the present embodiment device.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, but implementation of the present utility model
Mode not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, a kind of distributed sensor of the present embodiment, including impulse generator 1-1, LASER Light Source 1-2, optical fiber
Circulator 1-3, photoelectric conversion module 1-4, signal acquisition process module 1-5 and sensor fibre 1-6.Wherein impulse generator 1-1
Input port and signal acquisition process module 1-5 pulse output end mouthful (dotted line in figure) be connected；Impulse generator 1-1's
Output port is connected with LASER Light Source 1-2 input port 1-2-1；The output port 1-2-2 of LASER Light Source, sensor fibre 1-6,
The input port 1-4-1 of photoelectric conversion module is connected with 1-3-1,1-3-2,1-3-3 port of fiber optical circulator respectively, and photoelectricity turns
Mold changing block output port 1-4-2 be connected with signal acquisition process module 1-5 so that constitute one completely based on plastics bag
The distributed sensor of layer optical fiber.
In the present embodiment, sensor fibre 1-6 structure is as shown in Fig. 2 its sandwich layer 2-1 materials are quartz, covering 2-2 materials
It is organosilicon, with surface tension is low, viscosity-temperature coefficient is small, compressibility is high, the fundamental property such as waterproof and high oiliness substance permeability,
It is thus more sensitive to the environment residing for sensor fibre, can be effectively to the environment examinations residing for sensor fibre.
In the present embodiment, signal acquisition process module includes FPGA main control chips, pulse output end mouth, signal acquisition mould
Block, the input of the signal acquisition module is connected with the output port of photoelectric conversion module, output end and FPGA main control chips
It is connected, FPGA main control chips are connected by pulse output end mouthful with impulse generator.Using existing FPGA master in practical application
Control chip internal Resource Design signal acquisition module.On the one hand above-mentioned module can greatly improve the speed to signal transacting,
Real-time is improved, on the other hand using FPGA parallel computation features, algorithm is realized with FPGA, cost can be reduced.
In the present embodiment, optical fiber is not limited strictly the size of covering and sandwich layer, is inside propagated as long as light can be fettered
.Impulse generator can use existing impulse generator, but its short pulse electric signal produced wants amplitude wave-shape relatively good,
Prevent from driving the excessive damage laser of pulse overshoot of LASER Light Source.Fiber optical circulator can use existing common circulator.It is logical
Cross and system described in the present embodiment built using above-mentioned device, in realization with more existing product in cost it is more succinct, conveniently,
Cheaply, therefore the technical difficulty of system signal demodulation is greatly reduced, and the demodulation time is saved, with larger popularization and application valency
Value.
Sensor described in the present embodiment uses following method for sensing：The electricity of Complete Synchronization is sent by signal acquisition module
Pulse signal, is allowed to the electric impulse signal of drive-pulse generator generation rule, and final triggering LASER Light Source produces corresponding sharp
Light pulse signal；Laser pulse signal injection fibre circulator again is coupled in sensor fibre, when laser pulse signal along
When sensor fibre is propagated forward, Rayleigh scattering will occur inside sensor fibre, passed through by gathering back rayleigh scattering optical signal
The electric signal after photoelectric conversion module is changed is crossed, and analyzes the relation of itself and reference signal and is inferred to sensor fibre local environment
Ambient parameter, the space point of ambient parameter to be measured can be drawn finally according to light transmission speed in a fiber and signal sampling rate
Cloth information, so as to realize the distributed sensing of optical fiber.
Specifically, comprising the following steps：
(1) sensor fibre 1-6 is placed in environment to be detected, unbalanced pulse generator 1-1, LASER Light Source 1-2, photoelectricity turn
Change the mold block 1-4, signal acquisition process module 1-5；
(2) the normal pulsed electric signal that signal acquisition process module 1-5 is sent is produced by impulse generator 1-1 compares rule
Pulse electrical signal then, final triggering LASER Light Source 1-2 produces corresponding laser pulse signal；Laser pulse signal passes through optical fiber
Circulator 1-3 is coupled to after sensor fibre 1-6, and its back rayleigh scattering optical signal is finally coupled out the 1-3-3 of fiber optical circulator
Port, is then converted into electric signal, and the electric signal is entered with signal acquisition process module 1-5 by Photoelectric Detection module 1-4
Row is gathered and noise reduction process in real time.
(3) when sensor fibre 1-6 is not affected by environmental change influence, collection back rayleigh scattering signal is used as demarcation (ginseng
Examine) signal；Then sensor fibre is placed in the environment to be monitored and obtains transducing signal, both are then made into difference, obtain two
The differential signal of person, then infer from the variation tendency of differential signal the ambient parameter of sensor fibre local environment, finally according to light
Transmission speed and signal sampling rate in a fiber draws the space distribution information of ambient parameter to be measured, realizes that optical fiber distributed type is examined
Survey.
In step (5), the ambient parameter of sensor fibre local environment, specific step are inferred according to the variation tendency of differential signal
Suddenly it is：First, sensor fibre is placed in conventional environment, when being not added with external interference factor, turn on sensor carries out equipment school
Demarcation signal Fig. 3 (a) can be obtained after standard, then, sensor fibre is placed in environment to be measured, when there is extraneous factor interference,
Fig. 3 (b) will be obtained, the signal in Fig. 3 (a) is finally subtracted to the signal in Fig. 3 (b), it is possible to the letter in Fig. 3 (c) is obtained
Number.
In step (5), ambient parameter to be measured is drawn according to transmission speed of the light in sensor fibre and signal sampling rate
Space distribution information, is comprised the concrete steps that：
The principle measured with reference to optical time domain reflection, due to spread speed of the light in sensor fibreWherein c is light
Speed, n is the refractive index of sensor fibre, it can be deduced that the distance of measurementWherein t is to reception after signal is launched
To the total time of signal (round trip), in conjunction with the sample rate of signal acquisition process module, obtain the corresponding light of a sampled point and exist
How long and how long distance is have propagated in sensor fibre, so that the place of exception occur on orientation sensing optical fiber link.
Above-described embodiment is the utility model preferably embodiment, but embodiment of the present utility model is not by above-mentioned
The limitation of embodiment, it is other it is any without departing from Spirit Essence of the present utility model with made under principle change, modify, replace
Generation, combination, simplification, should be equivalent substitute mode, are included within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of distributed sensor, it is characterised in that including impulse generator, LASER Light Source, fiber optical circulator, sense light
Fibre, photoelectric conversion module, signal acquisition process module, wherein, the input port and signal acquisition process module of impulse generator
Pulse output end mouthful be connected, signal acquisition process module controls the electric impulse signal of impulse generator generation rule；Pulse
The output port of generator and the input port of LASER Light Source are connected, and LASER Light Source is produced accordingly under the driving of electric impulse signal
Laser pulse signal；Output port, sensor fibre, the input port of photoelectric conversion module of LASER Light Source pass through optical fiber point
It is not connected with the port of fiber optical circulator, the laser pulse signal that LASER Light Source is produced is coupled to sense light by fiber optical circulator
In fibre, back rayleigh scattering light enters photoelectric conversion module along sensor fibre by the exit ports of fiber optical circulator；Photoelectricity turns
The output port of mold changing block is connected with signal acquisition process module.
2. distributed sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sensor fibre uses a plastic envelope light
Fibre, plastic-clad optical fiber core material is silica, and clad material is organosilicon.
3. distributed sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the signal acquisition process module includes FPGA
Main control chip, pulse output end mouthful, signal acquisition module, the input of the signal acquisition module and photoelectric conversion module it is defeated
Exit port is connected, and output end is connected with FPGA main control chips, and FPGA main control chips pass through pulse output end mouthful and impulse generator
It is connected.
4. distributed sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the LASER Light Source uses pulsed laser light
Source.
5. distributed sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the photoelectric conversion module includes being sequentially connected
Avalanche photodide, amplifying circuit and filter circuit.
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| CN201720122893.6U CN206469893U (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A kind of distributed sensor |
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| CN201720122893.6U CN206469893U (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A kind of distributed sensor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106643842A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-05-10 | 华南师范大学 | Distributed sensor and sensing method |
| CN111754755A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-09 | 中山水木光华电子信息科技有限公司 | Information transmission system and method based on distributed sensing |
-
2017
- 2017-02-10 CN CN201720122893.6U patent/CN206469893U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106643842A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-05-10 | 华南师范大学 | Distributed sensor and sensing method |
| CN111754755A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-09 | 中山水木光华电子信息科技有限公司 | Information transmission system and method based on distributed sensing |
| CN111754755B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2023-11-21 | 中山水木光华电子信息科技有限公司 | Information transmission system and method based on distributed sensing |
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