CN206441875U - A kind of antenna structure - Google Patents
A kind of antenna structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN206441875U CN206441875U CN201720052778.6U CN201720052778U CN206441875U CN 206441875 U CN206441875 U CN 206441875U CN 201720052778 U CN201720052778 U CN 201720052778U CN 206441875 U CN206441875 U CN 206441875U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of antenna structure, including linear array radiating element and feeding network, the feeding network is axially symmetric structure, the feeding network includes constant power and unequal power chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor and substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter, and the radiating element is connected with the end of the axial symmetry feeding substrate integrated waveguide network.The utility model antenna realizes a kind of middle long distance unification antenna based on substrate integrated wave guide structure, the antenna can meet the demand of radar middle-range and long distance test simultaneously, without being switched over using switch between a variety of transmitting antennas, while having compact, low cost, the advantage such as small size.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to the fields such as electronics, microwave radio, radar, more particularly to a kind of structure of array antenna.
Background technology
Present situation
Millimeter wave antenna array leads to because being widely used in radar, navigation, satellite with the premium properties such as compact, high-gain
The occasions such as letter, indoor high-speed communication.
Antenna has very important influence as the critical component of radar system on the chain index performance of whole system.
Range radar mainly has three kinds according to distance point：Long distance, middle-range, low coverage.According to radar equation：The farther target of detection needs more
Big equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP), increases that transmission power is unrealistic simply, thus detection range it is more remote, it is necessary to
Antenna array gain is higher.Long distance radar needs high-gain aerial, and middle-range radar takes second place for antenna gain requirement, low coverage radar
It is required that relatively minimum.In most application scenarios, it is desirable to radar multi-mode working, i.e., the detection requirement of long distance meet simultaneously in.
Currently existing scheme typically has following several：1) emitting portion uses two kinds of antennas (a kind of low gain broad beams, another high-gain
Narrow beam) and switched between using millimeter wave switch；2) emitting portion is using phased array or frequency scanning day
The scope that the structures such as line are needed by the scanning probe of wave beam.3) each worked independently in middle-range, long distance mould using two secondary radars
Under formula.4) middle-range, long distance radar multi-mode working are realized using long distance unification aerial array in a pair.
The shortcoming of prior art
The application of long distance and middle-range detection is taken into account for radar system, current several technologies have disadvantages associated：Adopt
Switched over millimeter wave switch, into larger Insertion Loss, consume valuable millimeter wave power, and the switching of switch is also brought
Stationary problem between different mode, increases the complexity of back-end algorithm.Need to introduce phase shift portion using phased array in transmitting terminal
Point so that emitting portion circuit is significantly complicated, and board area, cost are greatly increased.Most of all, both the above scheme is equal
Radar system can not be realized while being operated under middle-range, long distance pattern.The third scheme is each only equivalent to using two sets of hardware
The function of early detection in vertical realization, this can greatly increase the complexity of cost, circuit area and Base-Band Processing data.
Compared to preceding several schemes, the 4th kind of scheme is clearly more excellent selection.Presently disclosed middle long distance unification antenna
Only a kind of, its antenna structure is based on series feed microstrip antenna.But enter after W frequency ranges (75-110GHz), microstrip transmission line
Very big radiation loss, conductor losses and dielectric loss can be brought.This can deteriorate the directional diagram of antenna, reduce the radiation effect of antenna
Rate, the overall performance of the millimeter wave link of deterioration.Meanwhile, the middle long distance unification bay that the program is proposed is series feed micro-strip day
Line, two neighboring paster is a waveguide wavelength with phase feed distance when feed.If single line battle array is made up of 10 array elements
Ten times of waveguide wavelength is accomplished by, this undoubtedly make it that the overall size of antenna is not compact enough.
Substrate integration wave-guide is a kind of novel planar transmission structure proposed in recent years, and its structure is equivalent to filling Jie
The rectangular waveguide of matter.Because substrate integration wave-guide upper and lower surface is all metal almost no radiation loss, SIW turns into millimeter
One of most common form of wave antenna.However, W-waveband can be supported to test the speed currently without any substrate integration wave-guide antenna
Long distance unification application in radar.
The content of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is：Propose that one kind debugs the easy, design cycle short, it is easy to accomplish
The beam-shaped antenna based on substrate integration wave-guide (SIW) that SIW linear arrays radiating element is matched with feeding network, can expire simultaneously
The demand of long distance unification application in sufficient radar.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is：
A kind of antenna structure, including radiating element and feeding substrate integrated waveguide network, the feeding substrate integrated waveguide
Network includes chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor and substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter, the output of substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter
End is connected with the input of radiating element, it is characterised in that：The radiating element is substrate integration wave-guide radiation array element,
Being provided with the substrate integration wave-guide radiation array element improves the perceptual window of linear array reflectance factor.
The chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor is the structure for dividing 2N roads all the way, and wherein N is the integer more than or equal to 3,
A substrate integration wave-guide linear array radiating element is connected on per output end all the way.
The structure for dividing 2N roads all the way is made up of three-level chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor, and the two-way on side is not equipped with
Wide isometric substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter, waveguide wavelength is changed so as to realize phase shift by changing the width of substrate integration wave-guide
Function.
The structure for dividing 2N roads all the way is divides six tunnels all the way, and the three-level chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor includes the
One-level divides the substrate integration wave-guide constant power distributor of two-way, the second level to divide the substrate integration wave-guide of the two-way work(such as not all the way all the way
Rate distributor and the third level divide the substrate integration wave-guide constant power distributor of two-way all the way, and the first order divides two-way all the way
Chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor is connected to substrate integration wave-guide input port, described remaining two grades divide two-way all the way substrate
Integrated waveguide power distributor is connected to the two-way output that the one-level divides the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor of two-way all the way
On port, the last holding position of output port of six road substrate integration wave-guide passages is concordant.
The tunnel of centre four of six road substrate integration wave-guide passages keeps constant amplitude with mutually feeding, and the two-way and middle four tunnel on side are protected
Hold different amplitudes (fed power is 1/3rd of remaining four tunnel), the advanced 70 degree of feeds of phase.
The linear array radiating element uses chip integrated waveguide slot form, uses do not arrange equidistantly between linear array two-by-two
Cloth.
By the amplitude and phase for controlling each linear array port to feed, it may be such that the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array exists
Nearby wave beam is narrower for normal direction, with higher gain, can meet the gain requirement needed for early detection, and horizontal direction
Part of the figure outside early detection angle and within the scope of middle-range detection angle is in the step or ramped shaped slowly declined, and
Without any zero point.The requirement of radar long distance and middle-range detection can be so met simultaneously.
The design method of the utility model antenna structure, specifically includes following steps：
Step one：Linear array radiative unit structure is determined by the vertical beamwidth being actually needed, according to reflectance factor
The dependency structure parameter of adjustment bay can be required；The initial parameter of SIW lap gating systems is first integrated out with Elliott methods, then
According to the equivalent circuit of the perceptual window of single order, the reflectance factor of linear array is improved by the position for adjusting perceptual window.
Step 2：Requirement to antenna gain is acted on according to radar long distance and middle-range and level detection scope is wanted
Ask, determine the linear array number of horizontal direction arrangement；
Step 3：According to the target direction figure of centering long distance radar detection set in advance, it is determined that two-by-two between linear array
Distance and the amplitude of excitation, phase；Comprise the following steps that：By the linear array radiating element horizontal group battle array regulated in step one,
Ensure that the feed of whole aerial array keeps symmetrical along center line；Between two radiating elements at the center of initial designs
Distance is bigger than the distance of remaining radiating element, and center (N-2) or (N-4) road constant amplitude are fed with phase, two-way or four tunnels on side
There is the advanced of current feed phase, feed Amplitude Ratio remaining (N-2) or (N-4) road are low；Built using full-wave electromagnetic simulation software HFSS
Mould is adjusted according to above-mentioned steps so that horizontal radiation pattern is not present zero point and met simultaneously in the range of desired level detection
The wave beam requirement of middle long distance radar detection, if repeating the regulation process in this step if being unsatisfactory for；
Step 4：According to the distance between designed different radiating elements in step 3, feed amplitude, phase per road
The feeding substrate integrated waveguide network of design integration, and meet the requirement of reflectance factor；
Step 5：Chip integrated waveguide slot antenna radiation unit, the substrate collection of step 4 design that step one is designed
It is grouped together into feed network for waveguide, constitutes complete aerial array.And integrally emulation directional diagram and reflectance factor whether
Meet project demands.
Compared with prior art, the antenna structure that the utility model is provided need not introduce RF switch, and extra insert is not introduced
Damage.Common antenna can realize radar middle-range, the detection demand of long distance simultaneously.Emitting portion is simple, without possessing phase modulation unit.
The cost of reduction system.
Presently disclosed middle long distance unification antenna only has one kind, and its antenna structure is based on series feed microstrip antenna.But enter W
After frequency range (75-110GHz), microstrip transmission line can bring very big radiation loss, conductor losses and dielectric loss.This can drop
The radiation efficiency of low antenna, gain, so that the overall performance of the millimeter wave link deteriorated.Unify with a kind of published middle long distance
Antenna is compared, and the utility model proposes a kind of middle long distance unification antenna based on substrate integration wave-guide first, and the utility model is related to
And substrate integration wave-guide (SIW) antenna due to radiation loss it is small, thus with higher radiation efficiency, and using SIW gaps
As linear array radiating element half waveguide wavelength can be accomplished with mutually feed.This means under close area, SIW antennas can be with
More bays are accommodated, higher gain is realized.Found during design：Filled out because SIW is equivalent to a medium
The rectangular waveguide filled, SIW lap gating systems are generally designed using the integrated approach (Elliott methods) of rectangular waveguide lap gating system.
Improve with frequency, dielectric thickness it is thinning, SIW can not equivalent rectangular waveguide well, integrate out with Elliott methods
Linear array reflectance factor effect it is poor, | S11 | only near -10dB.Improve reflectance factor traditional approach be with
The result of Elliott method iteration further adjusts the parameter in each gap as initial value in simulation software.Because gap is many
Many, optimization process does not have directionality, and debugging is got up extremely difficult, it is necessary to take a substantial amount of time and computer resource, and finally
Regulation reflectance factor effect may not be lifted a lot.If | S11 | near -10dB, this applies inner problem in common linear array
Less, but in W-waveband long distance unification this special wave beam forming of application using it is inner have very big the problem of.Long distance in W-waveband
It is substantially a kind of wave beam forming application to unify antenna, is to raise the secondary lobe of antenna by special feeding scheme to extend spy
Measuring angle scope.The reflectance factor of linear array radiating element is poor, can cause between feeding network and linear array radiating element not
Match somebody with somebody, so that the power, phase and the original design load that cause each port to actually obtain have larger deviation, this can have a strong impact on
Application under antenna array integral radiation directional diagram, influence actual scene.Therefore, it is intended that the SIW linear array radiating elements of design are in work
Make the reflectance factor in bandwidth | S11 |<-15dB.Therefore, the SIW slot lines array element that the utility model is related to introduces a kind of letter
Single single order perceptual window construction adjusts the reflectance factor of SIW gaps linear array, and sets up equivalent-circuit model and debugged.With
The method of traditional SIW lap gating systems regulation reflectance factor is compared, and is not only simple in structure, and debugging is easy, the design cycle is short, it is easy to
Realize satisfactory SIW linear arrays.And successfully solve SIW linear arrays radiating element with feeding network mismatch to deteriorate
The problem of antenna general direction figure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation for the aerial array that the utility model is related to；
Fig. 2 is prior art slot antenna linear array structure schematic diagram；
The SIW slot antenna linear array structure schematic diagrames of the perceptual window of Fig. 3 the utility model addition single order；
Fig. 4 is the perceptual window enlarged diagram of single order in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the perceptual window equivalent-circuit model schematic diagram of single order that the utility model is related to；
Fig. 6 is the SIW slot antenna linear arrays reflectance factor emulation before and after the perceptual window of addition single order that the utility model is related to
Comparative result
Fig. 7 is the aerial array feed network structures schematic diagram that the utility model is related to；
Fig. 8 is emulation and the test result for the aerial array reflectance factor performance that the utility model is related to；
Fig. 9 is the emulation of aerial array horizontal radiation pattern and test result that the utility model is related to；
Figure 10 is the emulation of aerial array elevation radiation patytern and test result that the utility model is related to.
Embodiment
It is described in further detail to the utility model below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in figure 1, the antenna array structure that the utility model is related to, includes upper strata metal structure 1, the He of dielectric substrate 2
Underlying metal structure 3.Antenna array structure includes SIW linear arrays radiating element 5, and (7 be that the feeding network back side is regarded to feeding network 4
Figure) and SIW turn standard rectangular waveguide 6.The chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor of feeding network 4 is the knot for dividing 2N roads all the way
Structure, N is the integer more than or equal to 3, in the present embodiment, N values 3.The aerial array has 6 linear array spokes along+x directions
Unit is penetrated, overall aerial array is constituted together.All circular holes represent plated-through hole in figure.Linear array radiating element 5 uses base
Piece integrated waveguide (SIW) gap form.
Fig. 7 is the feeding network (beam-forming network) of aerial array in the utility model, and feeding network by dividing six all the way
The not wide isometric phase shifter 13 of road chip integrated waveguide power distributor 4 and substrate integration wave-guide is constituted.
The structure 4 of six road chip integrated waveguide power distributors is divided to be made up of three-level chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor all the way,
The chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor 8 for dividing two-way all the way including one-level and two grades divide the chip integrated wave guide power rate of two-way all the way
Distributor 10,12.Input signal is first divided into two, and the perceptual plated through-hole 9 of corner is used for improving reflectance factor.Subsequently enter
SIW one-to-two unequal power divider 10, perceptual plated through-hole 11 is used for adjusting the power ratio and phase difference roots of two paths
According to the requirement of feeding network, middle four tunnel (15-18) constant amplitude with mutually feeding, on side two-way (14,19) fed power be remaining four
/ 3rd of road 15-18, while leading 70 ° of current feed phase, because four middle tunnels export always axisymmetricly structure, output
It is constant amplitude with phase.Two way feed power, the adjustment of phase need to use the and of SIW one-to-two unequal power divider 10 on side
The isometric not wide phase shifters 13 of SIW enter the adjustment of line phase.Here phase shifter 13 is equivalent to the ripple for changing substrate integration wave-guide
Guide wavelength so that on side two-way (14,19) phase, by adjusting the big of the plated-through hole offset of SIW phase shifters 13
It is small, different phase outputs can be obtained.
The first order divides the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor 8 of two-way to be connected to substrate integration wave-guide input port all the way,
Two grades are divided to the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor of two-way for two (10,12) and are connected to the base that one-level divides two-way all the way all the way
On the two-way output port of piece integrated waveguide power distributor, the output port 14-19 of last six roads substrate integration wave-guide passage
Holding position is concordant.
A kind of design method of the antenna structure with particular orientation figure, exemplified by dividing six tunnels all the way, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Determine the structure of linear array radiating element.Here substrate integration wave-guide (SIW) gap of Unit 16 is used
Battle array obtains as far as possible high gain as linear array radiating element under the beam angle requirement for meeting vertical direction ± 4~4.5 °.First
The initial parameter in 16 gaps is obtained with Elliott algorithms.As shown in figure 3, compared with traditional SIW lap gating systems (Fig. 2), this reality
A pair of perceptual windows 20 are introduced before SIW ports with new SIW lap gating systems, this is on equivalent circuit equivalent to an inductance in parallel.
Fig. 5 illustrates the equivalent-circuit model of the structure, and reflectance factor derives as follows with perceptual window position, inductance value magnitude relationship：
Explanation：ZA、ZB、ZCThe SIW lap gating systems impedance extraction plane A shown in accompanying drawing four, five, perceptual window position B, SIW are defeated
Input impedance at inbound port plane C, Z0For SIW characteristic impedance, Z1For calculating process intermediate variable, ω is angular frequency, and β is
SIW propagation constant.l0For spacing between plane A, B, l1For spacing between plane B, C, LhFor shunt inductance value, | S11| to treat
The linear array radiating element reflectance factor asked, ZA、Z0It can be extracted with β in all-wave software HFSS.In full-wave simulation software HFSS
In extract SIW lap gating systems overall impedance parameter after, adjust l0And LhSize, you can quick design meets reflectance factor requirement
SIW linear arrays.Simultaneously, it is necessary to carry out parameter extraction, different size of L to perceptual windowhThe response biasing x of correspondence perception window.
So, as long as l0And LhIt is determined that, matching process terminates.
It is few using the perceptual window mating structure simple parameter of single order compared to traditional full-wave simulation software debugging method, and
And consumed time, calculating time are designed according to equivalent-circuit model almost ignored.Design efficiency is greatly promoted.Fig. 6
Result show that, using the perceptual window construction of single order, the reflectance factor performance of SIW linear arrays has very big lifting.|S11|<- 15dB bandwidth
From 0.3% lifting before matching to 2.8%, and the result of equivalent-circuit model and the result in accurate model almost one
Cause, this also demonstrates the accuracy for the perceptual window construction equivalent-circuit model that the utility model is related to.
Step 2：Requirement to antenna gain is acted on according to radar long distance and middle-range and level detection scope is wanted
Ask, determine the linear array number of horizontal direction arrangement；
Step 3：According to the target direction figure of centering long distance radar detection set in advance, when determining that horizontal direction is structured the formation
The amplitude and phase of the excitation of distance and each bay between each two bay；Concrete operations are as follows：By step one
In the linear array radiating element horizontal group battle array that regulates, it is ensured that the feed of whole aerial array keeps symmetrical along center line.Just
The distance between two radiating elements at center for the design that begins are more some larger than the distance of remaining radiating element.Want the tunnel of centering four
Linear array unit constant amplitude is with mutually feeding, for ensureing the high-gain narrow beam near normal direction, and the two-way radiating element on side is then
There is the advanced of certain current feed phase, the reduction of remaining four tunnel of feed Amplitude Ratio with remaining four road.Emulated using full-wave electromagnetic soft
Part HFSS modelings are adjusted according to above-mentioned steps so that zero point is not present simultaneously in horizontal radiation pattern in the range of desired level detection
The wave beam requirement of long distance radar detection meet simultaneously in, repeats the regulation process in this step if being unsatisfactory for；
Step 4：According to the distance between designed different radiating elements in step 3, feed amplitude, phase per road
The feeding substrate integrated waveguide network of design integration, and meet the requirement of reflectance factor；
Step 5：Chip integrated waveguide slot antenna radiation unit, the substrate collection of step 4 design that step one is designed
It is grouped together into radiating guide feeding network, constitutes complete aerial array.And integrally emulate directional diagram and reflectance factor
Whether project demands are met.
In order to verify the performance of aerial array of the present utility model, based on the above method and structure, using dielectric constant
2.2nd, thickness machined the aerial array for working in W-waveband for 0.508mm microwave sheet material Rogers5880.Using vector network
Analyzer and frequency expansion equipment have carried out the test of antenna reflection coefficient, test result as shown in figure 8, test result is with imitating
True result meets preferably；The directional diagram of antenna is tested in far field darkroom simultaneously, horizontal plane, the vertical plane of aerial array
Respectively as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, emulation has reached design object to directional diagram with test result.For the phase of array antenna structure
Close emulation and test result shows that the antenna structure involved by the invention disclosure satisfy that radar while carrying out middle-range, early detection
Beam angle requirement.
Above example is only explanation technological thought of the present utility model, it is impossible to limit protection model of the present utility model with this
Enclose, it is every according to the utility model proposes technological thought, any change done on the basis of technical scheme each falls within this reality
Within the scope of novel protected.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of antenna structure, including radiating element and feeding substrate integrated waveguide network, the feeding substrate integrated waveguide net
Network includes chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor and substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter, the output end of substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter
It is connected with the input of radiating element, it is characterised in that：The radiating element is substrate integration wave-guide radiation array element, at this
Being provided with substrate integration wave-guide radiation array element improves the perceptual window of linear array reflectance factor.
2. antenna structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor is all the way
Divide the structure on 2N roads, wherein N is the integer more than or equal to 3, and a substrate integration wave-guide linear array is connected on per output end all the way
Radiating element.
3. antenna structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The structure for dividing 2N roads all the way is by three-level substrate collection
Into waveguide power distributor composition, the two-way on side is furnished with not wide isometric substrate integration wave-guide phase shifter, by changing substrate
The width of integrated waveguide changes waveguide wavelength to realize phase shift function.
4. antenna structure according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The structure for dividing 2N roads all the way is divides six all the way
Road, the three-level chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor divides the substrate integration wave-guide constant power of two-way to distribute all the way including the first order
Device, the second level divide the substrate integration wave-guide unequal power divider of two-way and the third level to divide the substrate of two-way integrated all the way all the way
Waveguide constant power distributor, the first order divides the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor of two-way to be connected to the integrated ripple of substrate all the way
Lead input port, described remaining two grades are divided the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor of two-way to be connected to the one-level all the way to divide all the way
On the two-way output port of the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor of two-way, the output port of six road substrate integration wave-guide passages is most
Holding position is concordant afterwards.
5. antenna structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The tunnel of centre four of six road substrate integration wave-guide passages is protected
Constant amplitude is held with mutually feed；Two-way on side and middle four tunnel keep the two way feed power on different amplitudes, side be remaining four
/ 3rd of road, the advanced 70 degree of feeds of phase.
6. antenna structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The linear array radiating element uses substrate integration wave-guide
Gap form, uses between linear array do not arrange equidistantly two-by-two.
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| CN201720052778.6U CN206441875U (en) | 2017-01-16 | 2017-01-16 | A kind of antenna structure |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108832293A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of substrate integration wave-guide leaky wave slot array antenna near field two-dimensional scanning |
| CN110208749A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-06 | 清能华波（北京）科技有限公司 | Reusable Automobile Millimeter Wave Radar aerial array |
| CN110808480A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-18 | 西安天安电子科技有限公司 | Fuselage conformal phased-array antenna |
| TWI708432B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-10-21 | 長庚大學 | Switchable three-beam SIW slot array antenna |
-
2017
- 2017-01-16 CN CN201720052778.6U patent/CN206441875U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108832293A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of substrate integration wave-guide leaky wave slot array antenna near field two-dimensional scanning |
| CN108832293B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-12-18 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave slot array antenna for near-field two-dimensional scanning |
| CN110208749A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-06 | 清能华波（北京）科技有限公司 | Reusable Automobile Millimeter Wave Radar aerial array |
| TWI708432B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-10-21 | 長庚大學 | Switchable three-beam SIW slot array antenna |
| CN110208749B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-07-20 | 清能华波（北京）科技有限公司 | Reusable millimeter wave radar antenna array for automobile |
| CN110808480A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-18 | 西安天安电子科技有限公司 | Fuselage conformal phased-array antenna |
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